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Macroeconomics
The AD-AS model explains how full employment can be reached from a situation of deep recession, assuming no fiscal policy stimulus. The underlying assumption of this theory is that when the economy improves, that this will have an impact on employment. The model therefore assumes a pre-globalization world where increases in aggregate supply on the part of companies in the U.S. will actually be made by U.S. workers. The thesis statement for this paper is that technological innovation is the most likely means by which the economy can return to full employment under the circumstances described.
In this situation, without fiscal stimulus, the economy is not going to see any increase in aggregate demand because of persistent high unemployment and likely fears about the state of the economy. Businesses are likely to begin this recession with excess capacity, keeping them from making investments as well. However, the economy will still be functioning -- it will only be below its...
Over time, technological improvements will increase the aggregate supply. This can occur either through major new technological innovation -- the development of the Internet is cited -- that shifts the AS curve to the right quickly. Or, these changes can occur gradually, which seems to be the case most of the time, with incremental improvements in technology and efficiency increasing productivity and stimulating new consumer demand. Such improvements will encourage business investment as well, either because projects are more profitable, or because new products are spurring new demand. An example of the latter would be the smartphone business, which emerged in the depths of the recession but did not lack for demand.
Again, the assumption is that over time new technologies and production efficiency will spur a growth in employment. Even with offshoring of jobs, some new employment is to be created. For example Apple took some profits from the iPhone and created the iPad, and…
equations for a macroeconomic model including private, public, and international sectors. Derive the aggregate demand function. List the forces (i.e., factors) which are held constant for each behavioral equation. Select four of these and, for each, explain how a change in the exogenous factor will affect the aggregate demand function. Explain the effect of each change on real income and output, employment, the price level, the interest rate, the
This suggests that fine-tuning the model may be required in order to identify optimal approaches. For instance, Gionnani and Woodford add that, "It is only if we ask whether the same policy continues to be optimal when we vary the statistical properties of the disturbances that we can hope to find an advantage of one representation of the policy rule over the other (1427). Gionnani points out that rather than
2.5. Limitations of the study At the level of the limitations, these refer to the usage of secondary information, as opposed to the collection of primary data through the direct analysis of the Chinese market. This limitation is nevertheless addressed through the integration of multiple sources of valid and verifiable information, leading as such to the creation of solid, relevant and reliable findings. The second limitation is one common to all research
Business cycle theories have been the topic of discussion for many years. There are several business cycle theories that are reliable and trustworthy, while others are controversial and easily disproved. The purpose of this discussion is to distinguish among the different theories of the business cycle. These theories include Keynesian aggregate demand theory, the Monetarist aggregate demand theory, and the new classical and new Keynesian theories of the business cycle
This is what has led to so many foreigners working in the country already. The foreign workers are therefore a symptom of a greater problem. This problem is not macroeconomic failure -- the Saudi economy is robust and creates jobs -- but is simply does not recognize that macroeconomic principles alone will not address the issue of unemployment among Saudi nationals. Consider the case of China as corollary. In both
Investment spending is very significant because it is an essential ingredient in economic development and growth. The decrease in the level of investment spending may cause a recession. Most recessions occur as a result of fall in investment spending (Paul & Krugman, 2007). Swings in investment spending are very dramatic than those in customer spending. Reduction in consumer spending is normally a result of a progress that starts with a