¶ … measurement?
Nominal
Ordinal
Interval/ratio
Experimental
The researchers analyzed the data as though it were at the interval/ratio level since they calculated means (the measure of central tendency that is appropriate only for interval/ratio level data) and standard deviations (the measure of dispersion for interval/ratio data) to describe their study variables.
What was the mean posttest empowerment score for the control group?
Mean = 97.12.
Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the experimental group. Was this an expected finding? Provide a rationale for your answer.
The experimental group subjects scored lower on the depression posttest (mean = 13.36 vs. The baseline score of mean = 14.00), meaning that they were less depressed after the completion of the empowerment program. This was an expected
finding, because the researchers hypothesized that the empowerment program would be beneficial to ESRD patients and result in a decrease in their depression scores. However,
the difference in the depression baseline and posttest means for the experimental group was only 0.64, which is less than what might have been expected.
4. Compare the mean baseline and posttest depression scores of the control...
However, when the researcher is interested in giving a highlight of how the response patterns vary across the subgroups, then the scores can be treated as discrete choices thus allowing them to be ordinal values Miller & Salkind, 2002. In this case the intervals between the positions on the scale are monotonic but not well defined to make them numerically uniform increments thus making the likert scale have ordinal properties
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