Nursing Theory

MARKETING VS. CSR Henderson Nursing Philosophy classification of theories Grid Virginia Henderson Classification Focus Historical Period She graduated from her first nursing program in 1921 and her career was at its apex in the 1970's as she was one of the more prominent authors of nursing textbooks through the 1970's (and before that dating back to the late 1950's). She was a research associated at Yale until she died in 1996. She died that same year at the age of 1998.

Basically, her career was active in some form for nearly seven decades but it was highest in the middle part from the 1950's to 1970's. Educational background Virginia Henderson started her medicine career after she graduated from the United States Army School of Nursing in about 1921. She later received her bachelor's degree in 1931 and her master's degree. Her Bachelor of Science as well as her master's from Teachers College at Columbia University. Experiential background Ms.

Henderson worked first, starting in 1921, at the Henry Street Settlement in the Manhattan borough of New York City. She worked for the Visiting Nurse Association from 1921 to 1923. She worked as a full-time nursing instructor at Norfolk Presbyterian Hospital from the mid-1920's to the late 1920's. About five years later, she started teaching at the college she graduated from, that being Teachers College at Columbia University, from roughly 1934 to 1948. In 1953, she was named as a research associated at the Yale School of Nursing.

She did this on a regular full-time basis through the early 1970's at which time she switched to emeritus status and this remained the case until her death in 1996. Concurrent to the time at Yale, she authored a number of nursing textbooks and her texts were widely used from the 1950's until the late 1970's. The main book people point to when speaking of her is Textbook of Principles and Practices of Nursing.

That book was originally written by Bertha Harmer in 1939 but she was the author and updated of the fifth and sixth editions. Most Influenced by: Mostly influenced by her own experiences and the people she worked with and taught at Columbia University as well as her parents and other family, which was a long line of educators and teachers. She derived her philosophy from that same foundation. Philosophical Foundations Henderson's philosophy is summarized quite succinctly in the two textbook editions she wrote.

The book had two primary foci, those being individual and global. She asserted that healthcare will have to be reformed and improved by nurses who teach patients how to take care of themselves and in what ways. An example of this in action was cutting out as much jargon and confusing verbiage so as to avoid confusing patients with terms they did not understand. This means that terms, best practices and so forth are stated and covered in straight English.

This makes it much easier to help patients help themselves and thus lead to less need for medical care as one lives their life. Level of Abstraction As noted above, Ms. Henderson kept it quite simple….individuals and global. People have the ability and responsibility to manage themselves and a global group of people doing this (or not doing this) will lead to the aggregate results. People teach each other good habits as well as bad habits.

Also as noted above, nurses are on the front line of identifying gaps in what people are doing and what they are doing wrong and correcting all of the above. If nurses do this enough, this leads to a drop in bad habits and a rise in good habits. School of Thought One thing abuot Ms. Henderson is that she was a writer who hated to write. Perhaps she realized that she can only do so much in person (especially in a pre-internet world).

As such, her two textbooks were a way for her to have a lesson repeat itself many times over with less effort required from her. She was also staunchly against healthcare operating for a profit. She heavily favored universal healthcare and also asserted that patients should keep their own healthcare records rather than only or mostly relying on healthcare providers to do so.

Primary Focus As noted above, she pointed towards nurses helping patients help themselves, to have a healthcare system that was focused on patient outcomes and not just the bottom line. She also wanted end of life to be dignified and measured. Indeed, she was able to realize this for herself and it makes sense that she would want others to have the same.

Model/Criteria Used for Evaluation (From Meleis -- Chapter 10 Table 10-1 with Rationale for using it) Give the above, the internal criticism points from Barnum (as noted in Melesis) would be clarify and consistency and probably adequacy as well. For Description of Theory under Chinn and Kramer, structure and concepts would be huge. For the analysis of nursing models, the focus, content and credibility would hold true. For example, a.