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The digestive fluids that are secreted by the stomach glands aimed at breaking down solid food and to kill bacteria in the stomach are referred to as gastric juices. Gastric acid is produced by the gastric parietal cell located on the walls of the stomach. The region where the gastric juices are secreted into the lumen is the most acidic environment in the human body and is known as the secretory canaliculus (Schubert & Peura, 2008). The secretion of the gastric acid into the lumen occurs in response to a variety of messages from the paracrine, hormonal, and neurocrine inputs. Gastrin, produced by the G cells that are located in the pyloric mucosa of the stomach is the primary hormonal stimulation for gastric acid production. There are various inputs that will stimulate the parietal cells in order for them to secrete hydrogen ions that will flow into the gastric lumen, have varied functional importance. However, the Histamine 2 receptors are thought to be the primary stimulus for gastric acid secretion. The G cells will release gastrin in response to a meal, where it binds to cholecystokinin (CCK) receptors on both the ECL and parietal cells. The combination of gastrin and the parietal cells will result in the discharge of...
When gastrin and ECL cells will promote the formation and creation of histamine which will then bind to H2 receptors on the parietal cell to increase the production of the cyclic AMP (Schubert & Peura, 2008), that is followed by the translocation and activation of the proton pump at the canalicular membrane.
During GERD, PUD, and gastritis disorders, there are some changes that occur in the stimulation and production of gastric acid. GERD disorder causes the increase in the stimulation and production of gastric acid, which therefore increases the GERD condition because of the defective lower esophageal increases the volume of gastric acid that is refluxed into the esophagus. In gastritis disorder, the stomach mucosa will undergo inflammation causing the erosion of the secretory glands. Therefore, gastric acid stimulation and production will reduce due to the absence of gastric glands. Peptic Ulcer Disease (PUD) refers to the disturbance of the integrity of the mucosal in the stomach. This disturbance is mostly caused by inflammation that eventually leads to a mucosal defect. PUD results in excessive secretion…
Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production Pathophysiology of gastric acid stimulation and production The parietal cells in the stomach are responsible for the production of gastric acid. Parietal cells contain secretory canaliculus, which produce gastric acid and release it into the gastric lumen. Gastric acid is produced as a response to the messages received through hormonal, paracrine, and neurocrine messengers (Schubert & Peura, 2008). The production of gastric acid undergoes three phases namely
Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production The human body produces gastric acid in the stomach, primarily to digest proteins (Anand, 2015; Huether & McCance, 2012). It is composed o hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. It digests proteins through the action of digestive enzymes and allowing digestive enzymes break down the long chains of amino acids from digested proteins. The production of gastric acid us regulated by the autonomous nervous system
There can also be changes to the ways in which the body defends itself against these acidic secretions; increased acid exposure can seriously damage or even destroy portions which are given undo exposure. For example, in some patients, the stomach is unable to defend itself from the caustic nature of the acid, which creates lesions in the lining, called gastric ulcers. How Age Might Impact the Pathophysiology of GERD, PUD,
The Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production In the words of Phan, Benhammou, and Pisegna (2015), “gastric acid secretion by parietal cells occurs in the fundus of the stomach, and is intricately regulated by various neuronal (vagal), paracrine (histamine, somatostatin) and hormonal factors” (387). As the authors further point out, there are two key phases in gastric acid secretion. These are the cephalic phase and the gastric phases. While
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility 1. The secretion of acid by the stomach is promoted by three phases. These, according to Huether and McCance (2017) are the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. As the authors further point out, while the cephalic phase is prompted by the smell, thought as well as taste of food, the gastric phase is prompted by stomach distention. The last phase, i.e. the intestinal phase,
Introduction Motility represents the stomach muscle’s contractions that allow the mix and push of contents within the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Motility is a term generally used for reference to any of the various gastro disorders where there is a loss in ability to control muscular activities resulting from endogenous or exogenous triggers (Ghoshal, 2016). Such disorders may be considered primary or secondary. These disorders may present in different ways. From constipation,