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Introduction
Motility represents the stomach muscle’s contractions that allow the mix and push of contents within the gastrointestinal tract (GI). Motility is a term generally used for reference to any of the various gastro disorders where there is a loss in ability to control muscular activities resulting from endogenous or exogenous triggers (Ghoshal, 2016). Such disorders may be considered primary or secondary. These disorders may present in different ways. From constipation, to abdominal distention, and recurrent vomiting, when there is an alteration in the process of digestion and motility, they can have long-term effects on the individual.
Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production
The regulation of pepsin and acid secretion demonstrates the complex balance of chemotransmitters as they are sent to the gastric mucosa via various pathways mediating both inhibitory and stimulatory mechanisms (Ghoshal, 2016). These mechanisms contribute to the normal gastroduodenal mucosa to protect itself from injury and enable it to rapidly repair itself if injury does happen. These control pathways are endocrine, neural, autocrine, and paracrine. When gastric acid secretes into the stomach, it facilitates protein digestion as well as the absorption of vitamin b12, calcium, iron, and even drugs like thyroid hormone or...
There are three phases of gastric activity. These are cephalic phase, gastric phase, and intestinal phase. These phases are either controlled by the brain, itself, or the small intestine, respectively. All three phases can happen simultaneously (Ghoshal, 2016). A fourth phase, the basal state happens in between meals and is considered an interdigestive phase. The amount of acid secretion varies and is regulated based on number of parietal cells, body weight, time of day, and the individual.
GERD
The key difference between GERD and gastritis is that GERD symptoms occur in the esophagus whereas gastritis symptoms occurs in the stomach. GERDs origin within the gastrointestinal tract is the esophagus with dissimilar symptoms and causes (Podolsky et al., 2015). When an episode of GERD happens, stomach contents rise to the esophagus, generating a burning sensation (heartburn) that can be felt in the chest. This can happen frequently and create long-term changes within the esophagus.
PUD
Peptic Ulcer disease refers to a break in the stomach lining, the lower esophagus, or the first segment of the…
References
Benjamin, S. B., & DiMarino, A. J. (2002). Gastrointestinal disease: An endoscopic approach. Thorofare, NJ: Slack.
Ghoshal, U. C. (2016). Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Motility and its Disorders. New Delhi: Springer India.
Podolsky, D. K., Camilleri, M., Fitz, J. G., Kalloo, A. N., Shanahan, F., & Wang, T. C. (2015). Yamada's Textbook of Gastroenterology, 2 Volume Set. John Wiley & Sons.
Van, L. A., & Bladh, M. L. (2016). Textbook of laboratory and diagnostic testing: Practical application at the bedside. F.A. Davis.
Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production The human body produces gastric acid in the stomach, primarily to digest proteins (Anand, 2015; Huether & McCance, 2012). It is composed o hydrochloric acid and sodium chloride. It digests proteins through the action of digestive enzymes and allowing digestive enzymes break down the long chains of amino acids from digested proteins. The production of gastric acid us regulated by the autonomous nervous system
There can also be changes to the ways in which the body defends itself against these acidic secretions; increased acid exposure can seriously damage or even destroy portions which are given undo exposure. For example, in some patients, the stomach is unable to defend itself from the caustic nature of the acid, which creates lesions in the lining, called gastric ulcers. How Age Might Impact the Pathophysiology of GERD, PUD,
The Normal Pathophysiology of Gastric Acid Stimulation and Production In the words of Phan, Benhammou, and Pisegna (2015), “gastric acid secretion by parietal cells occurs in the fundus of the stomach, and is intricately regulated by various neuronal (vagal), paracrine (histamine, somatostatin) and hormonal factors” (387). As the authors further point out, there are two key phases in gastric acid secretion. These are the cephalic phase and the gastric phases. While
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility 1. The secretion of acid by the stomach is promoted by three phases. These, according to Huether and McCance (2017) are the cephalic phase, gastric phase, and the intestinal phase. As the authors further point out, while the cephalic phase is prompted by the smell, thought as well as taste of food, the gastric phase is prompted by stomach distention. The last phase, i.e. the intestinal phase,
Gastrointestinal Tract: Disorders of Motility According to Ramsay and Carr (2011), the stomach’s main function is food preparation for digestion as well as absorption by the intestines. In the words of the authors, “acid production is the unique and central component of the stomach’s contribution to the digestive process” (Ramsay and Carr, 2011, p. 977). The parietal cells are responsible for the secretion of acid in the stomach. As Lascelles and
SOAP NotePatient Initials: S.P. Age: 42 Gender: FemaleSUBJECTIVE DATAChief Complaint (CC): \\\"I\\\'ve been having stomach discomfort and problems for the past few weeks.\\\"History of Present Illness (HPI): 42-year-old Caucasian female presents with complaints of stomach discomfort for the last 3-4 weeks.Location: Upper abdominal regionQuality: Burning sensationQuantity or severity: Moderate to severeTiming: Began gradually about 3-4 weeks ago and has been persistent since thenSetting: Symptoms worsen post mealsFactors: Spicy foods seem