The Gracchi brothers and their reform movements

¶ … political and constitutional system of the Roman has resemblance with the agrarian state, the social and moral values of the state were more specific, and population oriented, which required proactive contribution and support of the local population. The Second Punic War resulted in social and political chaos which was responsible for the creation of economic divisions. Before the initiation of the war, the plebeians earned through different labor practices, but lead an extremely independent life. The target of the population was to earn reasonable wage in exchange for their work and services, therefore the wealth of the Rome was protected and confined within the state of Rome. The war itself was preamble towards the need for the creation of the alternative and varied sources of income because the war destroyed the entire country side, the infrastructure was ruined, and the labor was not left with enough resources and finances to re-launch, and therefore they diverted to the urban and populated areas.

Gracchi Regime

During the entire episode, Gracchi emerged as political and social reformer, they felt victim of the tragic event. During their regime committed fatal mistakes which were reasonable for the ultimate failure of the political system of the empire. The element of violence was invoked into political practices and Gracchi supported that, and supported the ' circumvention of the constitution, which was responsible for the adoption of the extreme course in future politics. Gracchi launched 'the specter of class warfare', which was aimed against the Optimates. Optimates were against the racial reforms, whereas the Gracchi through their violent measures supported racial reforms i.e. The populares. Optimates included rich and political authority of the state, whereas the populares were supported by the local population, therefore the social division was itself provoked by the Gracchi, not to invoke violence, but mainly to stress over the need of the social, moral and financial pledge towards the locals, and when the sentiments and demands of the populares were ignored, their course of action took offensive mode. Unfortunately, the support gained by these two divisions were not based on the opinion, instead immoral activities including bribes were offered in exchange for the support of individuals, irrespective of their class and affiliation. The failure of the Gracchus brothers highlighted the failure of the constitution, the people and class emerged which was involved in such immoral activities, and lauded corruption for the political gain including influence Senate. The removal of the Tarquins was responsible for the social and political unrest, and after the election of the Tiberius Gracchus by the assembly as the tribunes, different policies with reference to the land allocation and ownership were restricted to 640 acres, and therefore the rich had to compromise, and lost their part of the wealth through different imposition and restriction. The rich compromised over their wealth and the state and poor were considered to be the beneficiary, therefore previously where the interests of the poor and rich were protected, their respective rights were jeopardized. The Gracchi were disliked for the implementation of such policies, and the Senate and wealthy people launched strong campaign against the Gracchi regime, and to ensure the failure of writ of the state, immoral and unethical conduct was adopted.