Political Corruption Essays (Examples)

Political Corruption According to the

" Over two-thirds of Haitians depend on agriculture (small subsistence farms), which is vulnerable to violent storms and erosion (deforestation). Haiti struggles economically due to "higher inflation than similar low-income countries, a lack of investment, and a severe trade deficit," the CIA reports. Per capital annual income in Haiti is estimated at $1,800. Even the labor force (3.6 million workers) is shaky, as "more than two-thirds" of Haiti's workers have no "formal jobs."

Haitian's main exports include coffee, oils, cocoa, mangoes and some manufactured goods - over 80% of which goes to the U.S. Another export identified with Haiti is cocaine, which enters the country from Columbia and is transported to Europe and the U.S.; "traffickers favor Haiti for illicit financial transactions," the CIA reports. There are about 8,000 United Nations peacekeepers in Haiti to "maintain civil order" and put down "civil unrest."

Journalist Amy Bracken writes that "due to…… [Read More]

Political Machines

Political Machines: Politics as a Tammany Vocation

When Max Weber made a speech on politics as a vocation he defined the political machine as a creation of the modern, pluralistic democratic state. A political machine, unlike a purely charismatic individual leader, was a functional bureaucracy attempted, however imperfectly to serve the popular interest through the use of an institutional framework. A quick-voiced opponent of political corruption might protest the use of the political machine as a contemporary model for American democracy, as it has often been associated with corruption, specifically pork barrel politics in America's urban past. Yet, before the creation of political machines, the national apparatus of the state used physical force to ensure compliance with its actions, rather than bestowing any kind of favors to ensure popular compliance.

For example in Weber's Europe, the result of this use of aristocratic force was a form of political tyranny over…… [Read More]

Corruption a Problem in the

… [Read More]

Corruption on Capitalism and Foreign

When this happens, the standard of living and income levels will remain stagnant. (Bhargava, 2006, pp. 341 -- 362) (Cazurra, 2008, pp. 12 -- 27)

Moreover, corruption will increase the costs of doing business inside a particular area. This is troubling, as it will lead to less employers relocating to the region. Instead, they will seek out locations where there are lower amounts of corruption. This is a part of an effort to keep their costs as low as possible so that they can increase their overall returns and remain competitive in the global marketplace. For the region, this will result in less high paying jobs (which helps contribute to an increase in the unemployment rate). (Bhargava, 2006, pp. 341 -- 362) (Cazurra, 2008, pp. 12 -- 27) (Heineman, 2006, pp. 75 -- 86)

How can MNCs deal effectively with these problems?

The ways that MNCs are able to deal…… [Read More]

Political Philosophy Generally I Hold

Just as in the realm of economics, different individuals possess different capabilities, aptitudes, and qualifications for different careers. Civil rights issues and equality in academia and employment have progressed to the point where less deserving and less qualified individuals receive some of the opportunities that were better earned by others who are more qualified.

This reverse racism and reverse sexism is not conducive to a society that emphasizes initiative and effort and which rewards self-responsibility and objective merit above all else. Whereas pervious generations of women and racial and ethnic minorities were deprived of the opportunity to compete fairly with males and non-minority individuals, nowadays, no such impediments exist; therefore, opportunities in both academia and the professional workplace must revert to recognizing and rewarding merit and achievement and not gender and ethic or racial makeup instead.

The Environment:

As in the case of other aspects of the appropriate role of…… [Read More]

Political Development

Futures

The Variant Paths of Post-Communist Russia, Poland, and Hungary

The past ten years have seen great changes in the formerly Communist countries of Eastern Europe. Bound together for years under the Soviet yoke, these nations have now embarked upon their own individual paths as sovereign states. Representative of these emerging one-time Eastern Bloc nations are Russia, Poland, and Hungary. All three once shared a common form of government and a single social system. In each of these cases, Communism overlay a pre-existing civilization and set of traditions. This relatively brief interlude of Marxism, Leninism, and Stalinism was thus, a veneer, a covering over, if you will, of far older patterns of behavior and ways of thinking. It was these underlying cultural and historical characteristics that, combined with the shared history of Soviet rule, produced the countries we know today. Three distinct nations were put together into the crucible of…… [Read More]

Political Scandals in Canada a Political Scandal

Political Scandals in Canada

A Political Scandal Involving Fraud

During the federal election in Canada in 2011 there was an electoral fraud issue that became known as the "Robocalls Scandal." This fraudulent activity took place in Ontario, in a town called Guelph.

Robocalls are previously recorded and automated phone calls to people from a computer that is programmed to call all phone numbers in a given area; usually robocalls carry a political message asking voters to behave a certain way.

In this case in Canada, the fraud took place because the robocalls were not from the organization they claimed to be from. People receiving the phone calls believed the calls were from the official group, "Elections Canada" but they were not from Elections Canada. The robocalls told voters their polling location had changed, and urged them to go to another place to vote that turned out to be a fraud.…… [Read More]

Political and Economic Prospects for

Thus, weak institutions, frequent military takeovers, and corruption in government ranks, both civilian and military has resulted in present state of affairs of Pakistan. Syria: Syria's history has been one that was dominated by family rule, foreign interventions, and inability to successfully run the affairs of the country by the ruling elite. The Assad family has held the power in Syrian since last four decades and this has caused significant deterioration in institutional and other forms of governance (Zisser 2003, 15-19).With independence from the French forces in 1946, Syria remained internally polarized and externally vulnerable to the tensions of Middle East. Her confrontation with Israel and support for Hezbollah has considerable historical background. Thus, the issues today being faced by Syria are a continuation of its acts of historical omissions and commission by ruling elites.

Influence of leadership: Influence of leadership on both Syria and Pakistan has been largely negative…… [Read More]

Political Systems and Business Politics

The citizens exercise their political rights and they have the right to make amendments on specific clauses within the laws that govern them. The suggested amendments are forwarded to the parliament or the right body for debates and approved before being enacted into law for the benefit of the citizens. The democratic political systems advocate for good governance and transparent policies in which the services are devolved to the people which eliminates the bureaucracies involved in the service delivery. The devolved system of government ensures an equal distribution of resources and a reasonable collaboration between the government and the private sector partners which attracts more investments.

Democratic political systems empower the citizens and they become vocal on issues that affect the society and their concerns are addressed. The existence of the community-based organizations and the civil society organizations advocate for the rights of the citizens and push the government among…… [Read More]

Political Economy of Climate Change International Conflict

Political Economy of Climate Change

International Conflict for Post-Kyoto: Which countries will benefit and lose national interests from the regulation of CO2?

Over the last several years, the issue of CO2 emissions has been increasingly brought to the forefront. This is because a number of studies are continuing to show how the release of these gases from cars, factories, refineries, power plants and homes are contributing to global warming. To prevent this different conventions and agreements have been signed (such as: the Kyoto Protocol). This was the first concentrated effort in directly controlling CO2 emissions through a cap and trade system. The way it worked is different nations could trade pollution credits with each other in order to remain in compliance with the treaty. The basic idea was to create a marketplace where these caps can be exchanged (in a transparent format). (United Nations Environmental Program, 2008) (Anzar, 2005)

This…… [Read More]

Corruption Development Studies Corruption Exists

In China, at the same time (Kahn makes some interesting observation regarding these two case studies), corruption also seems to not have hampered too much the development and growth of the country. There are macroeconomic explanations for this. The influx of foreign investments was strongly encouraged by the creation of economic zones such as that around Shanghai with preferential conditions for business. Corruption was not an obstacle here, perhaps also because the authorities went to great length to make these areas attracters of foreign capital.

At the same time, one should also point out that the costs that a foreign investor would incur in corruption would sometimes not deter the foreign company because the returns were so extraordinarily high, so that the company could pay off the bribe to the governmental officials and still be left with a significant profit.

All in all, it is difficult to draw a distinct…… [Read More]

Political Social and Economic Plan Our Country

Political, Social and Economic Plan

Our country has the potential of becoming one of the most important nations of the world since it has all the resources that few others have been blessed with. We have countless mineral reserves, a rich soil and a supportive climate that makes it ideal for agriculture.

Most of all, we have a young and talented population that is a priceless resource. In order to transform this undoubted potential into a concrete reality, however, we need to adopt the right policies. We are passing through a critical phase of not just our own history but also the history of the entire mankind in which we have the choice of either seizing the moment or missing the opportunity. The 'opportunity' is offered by the unprecedented technological developments in communication technologies and the lowering of trade barriers around the world.

Our failure in the past has been…… [Read More]

Political Risk Models the Recent

N.D. PP. 1). Yet with the recent wave of anti-American protests can these statements be integrated into a compelling narrative for long-term investment? Specifically, the answer is derived from qualifying the political risk variables associated with respective nation-states.

Risk Variables

While a plethora of political risk models exist, there are definitive items which comprise their ability to predict relative political turbulence. These factors include:

The threat of war, social unrest, disorderly transfers of power, political violence, international disputes, regime changes, institutional ineffectiveness, quality of the bureaucracy, the transparency and fairness of the political system, and levels of corruption and crime. (Economist Intelligence Unit. N.D. PP. 1)

Returning to the Middle East and the unrest of the last 24 months, nation-states in the region have experienced these factors to some degree and have developed scenarios to provide some measure of political certainty. Yet the issue remains whether the dynamism of the…… [Read More]

Political Science Annotated Bibliography the Purpose of

Political Science

Annotated Bibliography

The Purpose of a Political Court

In the view of Henry J. Abraham (Abraham 1998, 55), "theoretically," just about any qualified law school graduate with ambitions for an important judicial appointment would appear to have a fair chance at being nominated to the U.S. Supreme Court. That is providing, of course, the candidate is politically "available" and is, in Abraham's words, "acceptable to the executive, legislative, and private forces that, in the order enumerated, constitute the powers-that-be underlying the paths of selection, nomination, and appointment in the judicial process." key phrase in Abraham's criteria is "acceptable to the...legislative" body; as has been witnessed in the past few days and weeks, some of the conservative judicial nominees - not for the High Court but put forward by President George W. Bush for federal appeals courts slots - have not been "acceptable" to a sufficient number of U.S.…… [Read More]

Grand Corruption

Grand corruption is a serious issue throughout the world which has led to the development of many different laws. The United Nations defines grand corruption as "corruption that pervades the highest levels of a national Government, leading to a broad erosion of confidence in good governance, the rule of law and economic stability ("United Nations Convention against Corruption")." Grand corruption is such a concerning issue because of the costs associated with this deceptive activity. Eliminating grand corruption has become a major quest of NGOs such as the UN. According to an article entitled "The Global Programme against Corruption" published by the UN, efforts to raise awareness about corruption have been made since 1994. The report explains that corruption has an insidious nature and can have devastating impacts on entire countries and their citizens. The report asserts that "Corruption not only distorts economic decision-making, it also deters investment, undermines competitiveness and,…… [Read More]

Rousseau on Corruption Its Causes and Elimination

Rousseau on Corruption: Its Causes and Elimination

Proprietary Ownership as the Underlying Problem in Human Society

According to Rousseau, elements of human societies promote conflict in and of themselves. Specifically, Rousseau explains in his Discourse on Inequality (1754) that the very concept of proprietary ownership, especially of real property (i.e. land ownership), is unnatural and necessarily leads to respective comparisons, competition, and envy. He argues that those who come to own large amounts of property inevitably become part of a privileged class and that everybody else is relegated to being less privileged and comparatively disadvantaged. Furthermore, in addition to inspiring envy and class conflict within individual societies, the concept of proprietary ownership, according to Rousseau, also explains the antagonism that so frequently leads to conflict and warfare between different societies.

The Origin of Corruption in Human Societies

According to Rousseau, there are four fundamental human impulses promoted by proprietary ownership…… [Read More]

Gordon Rule Essay and Political Success

Limited the Efficiency and Effectiveness of the President and Congress in the Late 19th Century

In the nineteenth century, the American government saw many Americans worry about the responsiveness, complexity, or size of their democracy. Having this perspective in mind, the American government of the nineteenth century was small and orderly, having a great machine that oversaw the state at night and held in check by the yeoman citizenry. Moreover, the lines of authority were overlapping where the federal structure took measures to ensure that the national government and the states each had their precise and respective orbits. As such, the structures ensured that the federal government remained small and limited. The little system of regulations precluded the emergence of the sprawling regulatory state having a cacophony of interest groups that competed, the bureaucrats were unresponsive, the politicians were ambitious, and citizen-clients. In summary, the idealized image of the nineteenth…… [Read More]

Columbian Drug Problem and Its Political and Economic Ramifications and the United States Recourse

Columbian Drug Trade

If Americans know nothing else about Colombia, they know that it is a place where people grow and package cocaine for use on the world market. This is, of course, a highly biased view of the country because Colombians do many things other than make and sell drugs and most Colombians are not involved in the drug trade at all.

However, it remains true that much of the world's cocaine does originate in Colombia, which has important consequences for that nation's standing in the world as well as for its relationship with the United States. This paper examines some of the consequences for the relationship between the two countries of the ways in which political and economic life in Colombia have become linked to the trade in cocaine.

We must begin this assessment with some basic facts about both Colombia and the drug trade.

It is certainly…… [Read More]

Corruption on Capitalism and Foreign

There are numerous effects of corruption on MNCs. In case their competition engages in such practices, their activity is significantly influenced by this phenomenon. This is because their corrupt competitors can change rules and regulations that do not favor other companies. Therefore, they have to deal with the effects of such situations. This sometimes determines them to modify their activity.

In addition to this, there are situations where employees of certain MNCs are bribed by competitors in order to provide important information on these companies. This is extremely harmful to companies as it can lead to information leaks on strategies, price levels, and other types of investments that these companies intend to make. This means that these MNCs must increase investments in security issues.

In addition to this, MNCs are sometimes forced to become corruptors because some of their competitors do so. In other words, if certain companies provide incentives…… [Read More]

Corruption in a Public Organization

Performance Evaluation on Corruption for Public Organization

In the wake of the double-edged sword caused by its scandalous mismanagement of the September 11th terrorist attacks and Hurricane Katrina's devastation of New Orleans in 2005, the venerable charity organization American Red Cross (ARC) was subjected to intense public and political scrutiny. This pressurized process of external examination eventually revealed an abundance of systemic flaws in the ARC's organizational management structure, including widespread fraud and abuse of privileges by executives, gross misconduct on the part of volunteers and other employees, and an astounding level of wasteful spending as it pertains to funds that were ostensibly donated to a charitable cause. The four established benefits of business ethics, as described by Ferrell, Fraedrich, and Ferrell in Business Ethics, of employee commitment, investor loyalty, customer satisfaction, and bottom line (2011) all experienced dramatically detrimental consequences that were directly caused by the ARC's corrupt and…… [Read More]

Political Economy of China

political economy of China explores the following issues and questions:

When did Deng Xiaoping start China's economic reform? What were some of the motivations for his open-door policy?

What achievements has China made since then?

What are the major problems in today's Chinese political economy?

Why is China not a democracy yet?

The roles of Deng, Jiang and Hu's three generations of Chinese leadership in China's political economy.

Deng Xiaoping's Economic Reforms

Deng Xiaoping emerged as China's de-facto leader in the years following Mao Zedong's death in 1976. Under his tutelage, China entered an era of sustained economic process that continues to date.

Deng started China's economic reforms in 1978 with the announcement of the "Open Door Policy."

Prior to the introduction of the new Policy, China had followed the radical, centrally directed economic policies of Mao that emphasized self-reliance and closed its door to trade with foreign countries on…… [Read More]

Corruption in Sheriffs' Departments

efficiency and effectiveness. Is it possible for an agency to exhibit one but not the other?

Most law enforcement agencies seek to be both efficient and effective because the two can go hand in hand when things are done correctly. It is possible, though, to be highly effective but in inefficient ways (e.g., reducing the number of violent crimes in the community by using enormous amounts of overtime without conducting basic research to determine where the most of the crimes are being committed) and likewise it is possible to be highly efficient without ever accomplishing anything (e.g., recording the number of violent crimes accurately and conducting research to identify problem areas without implementing any interventions).

What political consequences might result from an unfavorable opinion of your department?

Sheriffs' offices depend a great deal on the support and goodwill of the general public. Even the hint of corruption or inefficiency could…… [Read More]

Political Philosophy

inegalitarian systems in society. The writer explores how they operate and argues that they damage not only the ruled but the ruler. The writer uses several angles to argue this point and illustrate the ways the ruler is negatively impacted by having such a society under him or her. There were eight sources used to complete this paper.

Throughout history societies have struggled to discover the most palatable way to exist. Some societies work on the premise that equality is the answer while others believe class systems pave the way for success. The inegalitarian systems that have been and are currently in place have received a lot of scrutiny in recent years. The inegalitarian system of society promotes the idea that class systems work. Whether it is the cache system of India or the class system seen in other nations those who live them and those who rule them often…… [Read More]

Political Economy

theoretical insights in the Anderson & Hill and Anderson & Huggins books to developing two policy proposals designed to maximize the number of elephants while also protecting the interests of farmers. In these policy proposals, we will assume that traditional, fenced in national parks will exist in African countries along with traditional fence agriculture. Additionally, there will be game ranching/sustainable tourism and private reserves where harvesting of economically valuable natural plants.

Sustainable Tourism in Fenced National Parks and Conventional Agriculture

One should always keep resources that have worked in the past. Sustainable tourism presents possibilities for the conservation of elephant populations. Fenced in game preserves and national parks that promote tourism have been around for years and represent excellent venues to connect with wealthy vacationers who will spend money in the host countries and will hopefully donate to organizations that promote elephant and other wildlife conservation. By increasing tourism, the…… [Read More]

Political Economy of Africa

Famines and famine situations have been and presently are cruel realities in Africa. People like Alex de Waal or Dennis C. Galvan have attempted to (1) find the causes of famines and poor economic developments in Africa and (2) suggest intermediate ways of action, both in terms of prevention and acting against famines. On the way, tough realities have appeared, many with political consequences, including the fact that many NGOs, claiming to help people in Africa in times of need, are actually directing money and dedication elsewhere.

In his book, "Famine Crimes Politics & The Disaster Relief Industry in Africa," Alex de Waal points out towards the amplification of African problems because of the international humanitarian help the regions is often receiving. Of course, this is not necessarily a general evaluation. Waal himself never denies the help some of the NGOs are providing, but a misunderstanding of African realities often…… [Read More]

Political Philosophy

Federalist Papers are a series of 85 articles about the United States Constitution. These are a series of eighty-five letters written to newspapers in 1787-1788 by Alexander Hamilton, James Madison, and John Jay, urging ratification of the Constitution (Wills, 1981). For many years, historians, jurists, and political scientists share a general consensus that The Federalist is the most important work of political philosophy and pragmatic government ever written in the United States (USDS, 2004). It has been compared to Plato's Republic, Aristotle's Politics, and Thomas Hobbes' Leviathan, and has been used by many nations as a base for their constitutions.

One of the main parts of the Federalist Papers is the establishment of a system of checks and balances, which is now the root of democracy (USDS, 2004). This idea of checks and balances is based on a profoundly realistic view of human nature. While the Founding Fathers, which include…… [Read More]

Corruption in Corporate America

Walt Disney Case Studies

Why has Chiquita not been successful in changing industry norms?

There are numerous reasons why Chiquita has not attained success in changing industry norms. Firstly, it has not received enough recognition for doing so. Its efforts to combat childhood obesity, unfair labor practices, and negative environmental impacts have failed to yield any sort of significant reward. Were it publicly lauded and regarded as a company that prioritizes corporate social responsiblity, it might be able to influence other companies in its industry to adopt these same practices. However, its corporate social responsibility actions are simply not publicized enough to make any sort of impact on its competitors. The other capital reason why this company has failed to alter social norms is because its competitors have not adopted its measures. In fact, avoiding them enables Chiquita's competitors to lower costs and increase productivity, without receiving any sort of…… [Read More]

Corruption When We Think of

" It should be noted that Perriello supported a "Republican version" (House.gov) of PAYGO that supported stronger restrictions on spending. In defense of this vote, he says, "This was a great chance to really get our budget under control, and I was glad to stand up and vote for the kind of smart fiscal policy that folks in the Fifth District expect" (Perriello qtd. On House.gov). Perriello even posted an update on Twitter, stating that he was "very pleased that PAYGO passed the House" (Twitter.com). Perriello believes that responsible spending is not an issue for Democrats or Republicans but rather an "American issue" (Perriello qtd. On House.gov). Perriello states that while both of these bills contain good ideas, he wishes "we could have combined ideas from both sides of the aisle to produce a better, bi-partisan solution" (Perriello qtd. On House.gov). While still a freshman in Washington, Perriello has demonstrated…… [Read More]

Political and Constitutional System of

Unfortunately, the support gained by these two divisions were not based on the opinion, instead immoral activities including bribes were offered in exchange for the support of individuals, irrespective of their class and affiliation. The failure of the Gracchus brothers highlighted the failure of the constitution, the people and class emerged which was involved in such immoral activities, and lauded corruption for the political gain including influence Senate. The removal of the Tarquins was responsible for the social and political unrest, and after the election of the Tiberius Gracchus by the assembly as the tribunes, different policies with reference to the land allocation and ownership were restricted to 640 acres, and therefore the rich had to compromise, and lost their part of the wealth through different imposition and restriction. The rich compromised over their wealth and the state and poor were considered to be the beneficiary, therefore previously where the…… [Read More]

Political Campaign Particularly a Presidential

In fact, the election of 1912 is considered by many to be one of the most important in Presidential history and Wilson's win the result of Theodore Roosevelt breaking with the Republicans, splitting the vote, and allowing Wilson on the less popular Democratic ticket to garner enough votes to win, and possibly change 20th century American Foreign policy to an extreme (Chace, 2004).

In general, when Ulysses Grant came into office, he preferred to try his best to avoid the political infighting that resulted after Lincoln's assassination. Rather than form public policy based on party lines, he sought to surround himself with people who would give him accurate advice and a continuation of the reconciliation with the South rather than retribution or appeasement. Add to this, though, his need to ensure that the Federal government protected the newly freed slaves and prevented former Confederate separatists from regaining power in the…… [Read More]

Political Ecology of World Food System

Raj Patel's Staffed and Starved.

It begins with a summary of the content then followed by an evaluation and critique of the content.The chapter highlights historical background, development of soya production in the United States and Brazil.

Political Ecology of World Food System

This chapter begins with a poem from Roald Dahl's Charlie and the Chocolate Factory the poem is relevant to the introductory section of the chapter titled, Secret ingredients. This section talks about lecithin, an ingredient commonly used in food processing. The author reveals that lecithin, a by product of soybeans is widely used commercially as an emulsifier and makes chocolate slurry better suited for mass production, preservation and mass distribution.

Soya beans are popularly used for production of animal feeds and vegetable oils. In fact, the author mentions that 70% of vegetable oil are products of soybeans. Soya bean production has not been consistent, during the First…… [Read More]

Japan and Korea's Political Economy Background

Political Economy Background: Japan and Korea

In the period after the World War II, a large part of the world was restructured, especially the Pacific Asia (Borthwick, 1992). One of the most dramatic changes that took place in Asia was that several countries that had been colonized or semi-colonized emerged in the years following the War as independent, self-governing states, freed from colonial rule. In Southeast Asia, for example, between 1949 and 1959, Indonesia, Cambodia, Laos, Vietnam and Malaysia attained independence. Singapore gained the right to self-governance in 1949. However in this region, two countries managed not only self-governance but also diplomatic international relations. These two countries were Korea and Japan.

Though Japan had not only been physically destroyed by its enemies, but mentally and spiritually defeated by its surrender in the wake of the War, it managed to overcome this sense of defeat and started to build its way…… [Read More]

Country Study Assessment on Iran Political Assessment

IRAN

POLITICAL OVERVIEW: The former Persia became present day Iran on April 1st 1979. Before that Persia was a Monarchy and its last ruler was Shah Muhammad Reza Pahlavi. He lost favor with the people and the religious clerics of the country. The clerics chose to exile Pahlavi and establish a theocracy. Theocracy refers to a government type where majority of decision making and political power is in the hands of a religious leader, in other words a country that adopts religious law as its legal system

Ayatollah Ruhollah Khomeini a Conservative cleric took over the reins of the nation.

The government structure is complicated as its Parliament is a mixed bag of elected and unelected members. At the top of the hierarchy is the 'Supreme Leader.' military, judiciary and foreign policy fall under his command. An interesting aspect of Iranian government is the amount of accountability attached to federal…… [Read More]

Women Political Candidates Social Media Differently Men

women political candidates social media differently men? Does social media ultimately empower hurt women politics? Cite "Digital Divas" Essay 2: We 200 million girls world don't attend school.

Gender issues

How do women political candidates use social media differently than men?

The number of women on social networks far outnumber men. Statistics also show that women use social media as their preferred modes of communication compared to men. Generally, politics is thought to be a male dominated field. On social media, it is believed that outsiders and newcomers to politics are favored. This makes social networks to be an asset to women political candidates. This is because in the male dominated field, they are often the minority or newcomers and receive preferential treatment on social media Gelber, 2011()

Gender and communication experts suggest that social media is a better form of communication for women since they are better at writing…… [Read More]

Argentina Political System Argentina Was

2012 Argentina

The economic boom that ran until 2011 has officially ended in Argentina. While the rapid growth is largely thought to have been the result of Chinese purchase of grain exports, the Argentine government saw it as a vindication of their expansionary policies and welfare state ambitions. The country's GDP growth rate is expected to slow down to 2.2% in 2012, from the 8.9% last year (Oppenheimer, 2012). Chinese grain purchases remain high and commodity prices are high as well, leaving the political situation as the main culprit for the growth problem and the high (25%) inflation rate. Public spending continues to increase -- sometimes financed by the central bank and even from the Social Security System (Ibid).

Argentina's major industries remain in agriculture and manufacturing. Brazil is the major export market, and its economy is tied to Chinese demand, so a lot of Argentina's potential is tied to…… [Read More]

Relationship Between Economic Freedom and Political Freedom

Friedman: Economic Freedom and Political Freedom

The importance of the concept freedom cannot be understated. Freedom is not a new phenomenon as it has been in existence for a long time. There are various types of freedom, which are often interrelated. Economic freedom is inextricably related to political freedom. For instance, economic freedom is intertwined with political freedom in the sense that leaders (chosen based on political freedoms) may determine economic policies. The concepts presented in Milton Friedman's work titled 'Capitalism and Freedom' show that political freedom is essential for the realization of economic freedom.

Political freedom and economic freedom are intertwined in that both serve as a function of each other. Friedman confirmed the existence of close connections between politics and economics: only defined combinations of economic and political arrangements are feasible. For instance, a socialist society does not guarantee individual freedom (Friedman 8). Political freedom largely constitutes a…… [Read More]

Analyzing the Role of Youth in the Political Changes in Egypt in 2011

Egyptians of all classes and ages took part in the protests, united in demands and ambitions such as improved wages, improved conditions of working, and political freedom. However, it was the surprising figures of young individuals who took part in the demonstrations that provided drive to the revolt. The young individuals were also key to maintaining the uprising given that numerous meet in Tahrir (Liberation) Square in Cairo as well as other cities across the nation. Egyptian youth are actually the faces behind this leaderless uprising; the revolution was generally impelled by their skill in utilizing social media to gain attention (Roudi-Fahimi, El Feki & Tsai, 2011). The new youth backed, and at times, instigated by women is now an aware global citizen, refusing to bear the inability of its rulers to be with the times and provide means of development and rapidly changing economic and social paradigms.

Apart from…… [Read More]

Public Corruption and Its Effect Including the

public corruption and its effect, including the claim that public corruption in an unavoidable side effect of development. Corruption in public service can be an ongoing concern in many areas. Corruption can lead to disorder, lack of trust in police or other public entities, and to ongoing problems with morale and citizen support. There is an argument that in countries with high levels of corruption, it has some benefit, but that is difficult to accept, as corruption only benefits those who participate in it, and it definitely does not benefit the general population.

The Transparency International Web site defines corruption as "Corruption is operationally defined as the misuse of entrusted power for private gain" (Editors, 2009). They go on to state that public servants (including criminal justice professionals), have a duty to remain above corruption. They note, "It is the duty of civil servants, managers and trustees to act visibly,…… [Read More]

Modern-Day Corruption and Graft the Watergate Incident

Modern-Day Corruption and Graft

The Watergate incident that occurred in President Nixon's Administration is exemplary of modern day corruption. Here, the government under Nixon's presidency was recognized to have sanctioned a sequence of confidential monitoring operations conducted by highly-trained agents that was financed by illegal campaign contributions. The seriousness of the incident was such that Richard Nixon had to resign his presidency.

Booker T. Washington and W.E.B. Dubois offered differing philosophies, strategies, and tactics for African-Americans following Reconstruction. In your opinion, which of these leaders gave the best advice for their times? Why do you feel this way?

Booker T. Washington primarily believed that the approach to deal with the African-Americans after the Reconstruction was tolerance, adaptation, and self-assistance with maximum attention on the provision of job opportunities for possible advancement of the community W.E.B. Dubois, on the other hand, asserted that the best methodology was the use of campaigning…… [Read More]

Fiji -- Political Analysis Scenario -- Australian

FIJI -- Political Analysis

Scenario -- Australian parent company wishes to set up hotel/resort themed operations in the country of Fiji. Preference is to acquire a hotel/resort already in operation; retain staff; modernize and restructure.

PESTLE analysis -- Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and Environmental Issues. Political portion: Overview government, issues: globally, nationally, regionally, locally; changes, trends, etc.

The Republic of the Fiji Islands is an island nation in the South Pacific, just northeast of New Zealand. Fiji was a British colony until 1970 after a century of occupation. Because of the abundance of forests, minerals, and fish resources, Fiji is one of the most developed of the islands in the area. Today, the major economic activities for the islands are tourism and sugar exports (Central Intelligence Agency 2010).

Government Type -- Officially a republic; 1997/98 Constitution encourages multiculturalism and makes multiparty governmental system mandatory. Current Chief of State Ratu…… [Read More]

Contemporary Inheritance of Greek Political Thought in Plato's Apology

Plato

It is possible to read Plato's Apology as the best extant textual representation of the legacy of Athens in the fifth century BCE in law and politics. The fact is that the Athenians, although they voted to put Socrates to death, might very well agree on principle with this evaluation. The Apology is, after all, a representation of the Athenian system of trial by jury, and it is worth recalling that this judicial system was considered to be a founding myth of Athens itself. Earlier in the century, roughly a decade before Socrates was born, the tragedian Aeschylus in the Oresteia would represent the mythological and divinely-sanctioned origins of the Athenian jury trial, as a replacement for the endlessly bloody cycle of the lex talionis, when the goddess Athena invites a group of Athenian citizens to sit in judgment on Orestes, who killed his mother in revenge for her…… [Read More]

Marion Barry on Political Perceptions in D C

Marion Barry on Political Perceptions in D.C.

This paper examines the political life of Marion Barry, former mayor of Washington D.C. And current member of Washington's city council. Barry was arrested and convicted of possession of crack. He has also been linked to a number of other political and personal scandals. This paper attempts to determine: the impact Barry's contemporaries believed his actions would have on his political career; the impact that his actions have had on his political career; how Barry remains politically relevant after a criminal conviction; the role that race plays in Barry's continued political viability; and what Barry's continued political viability say about the current state of racial relations in the United States.

Table of Contents

Abstract

Chapter 1. Introduction

Chapter 2. Framing the Problem

Chapter 3. Study Questions

Chapter 4. Data Collection, Composition, and Reporting

Chapter 5. Discussion

Chapter 6. Conclusion… [Read More]

Tanaka Kakuei Corruption Chalmers Johnson

This was because of some of the reforms that he introduced for corporations, for public spending, environmental protection and transportation sectors. Since powerful LDP members had vested interests in these sectors, they did not approve of all the reforms and hence were wary of Koizumi and his brand of politics.

Economic problems

The articles about Koizumi and Abe suggest that Japan suffers from serious economic problems that the political system cannot resolve. Why not? What are the political obstacles to changing Japanese politics? How does it relate to the Johnson reading?

Japan has had enormous economic success over the decades but lately its problems are negating the effects of earlier successes. I cannot agree with the opinion that economic problems cannot be solved through political means. Even though other factors do play in, it is the political system that determines the path economy will take. By political system, we mean…… [Read More]

Power Leads to Corruption In

Works… [Read More]

Egypt's Outline Main Heading Political

Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://english.ahram.org.eg/NewsContent/1/64/6731/Egypt/Politics-/Employees-protests-against-corruption-in-Egypt-Ins.aspx

All Voices (2011). Privatization and Corruption in Egypt. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www.allvoices.com/contributed-news/8036389-privatization-and-corruption-in-egypt

Global proprty Guide, (2010). GDP per Capita - Morocco Compared to Continent. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www.globalpropertyguide.com/Middle-East/Morocco/gdp-per-capita

Haaretz Service, (2011). Mubarak to be questioned over corruption as Egypt PM resigns.

Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www.haaretz.com/news/international/mubarak-to-be-questioned-over-corruption-as-egypt-pm-resigns-1.346945

Michele Durocher, (2004). Integrating democracy promotion into U.S.. Middle East policy. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from www.carnegieendowment.org/files/CP50FINAL.pdf

Prof. Massoud, D., (2011). Religion and State in the modern Middle East: The Lebanese State as a model. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www.olir.it/areetematiche/56/documents/Daher_Istanbul1999.pdf

Shehata, (2011). Islam and Politics in Egypt. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://www.cfr.org/egypt/islam-politics-egypt/p24229

Springborg, (2011). Game over: The chance for democracy in Egypt is lost. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://mideast.foreignpolicy.com/posts/2011/02/02/game_over_the_chance_for_democracy_in_egypt_is_lost

Think Quest, (2011). Egypt. Retrieved November 20, 2011 from http://library.thinkquest.org/J002335/Eqypt/Eqypt.html

FYI

WRITING AN OUTLINE

The purpose of outlining a research paper…… [Read More]

Cricket Fix Corruption Political Patronage and the

Cricket Fix

Corruption, Political Patronage and the Need for Reform of the Pakistani Cricket Board (PCB)

Corruption in professional sports carries significant implications beyond the sport itself. Nations, regions and populations attach a great deal of importance to athletic competition and particularly to the notions of honor, integrity and sportsmanship. So recent revelations of match fixing in cricket have shaken the sport to its foundation.

Particularly, evidence of match fixing in Pakistan is forcing the sport to examine its conscience. According to the transcript emerging from an investigation into such events, gambling odds-makers are guilty of an historically persistent pattern of corruption. CEO of the International Cricket Council (ICC) between 2001-2008, Malcolm Speed indicates that "the same bookmakers who were there in the late 90s, who were corrupt then and were seeking corrupt players, they're still there."

Slide

Today, the game is troubled by mounting allegations that players have accepted…… [Read More]

Intercultural Management Mncs and Corruption Firstly it

Intercultural Management

MNCs and Corruption

Firstly it is imperative to draw a simply quantitative difference between "small" and "huge" corruption and qualitatively compare corruption for legal and for improper ends (Znoj, 2009).

Small Corruption.

This kind is specified as "small" repayments and they are planned to obtain someone in an empowered position and force him to make decisions he is responsible of making. The payments are made due to the fact that without this added "stimulation" nothing would take place, or perhaps its taking place would be in-conscionably postpone (Znoj, 2009)."

Gifts.

In lots of cultures gifts provided directly, as through an invite to a dinner or other similar favors, are honestly anticipated as marks of regard or as evidence of peaceful relations (Deresky, 2011). Declining them can be taken as an indicator of rejection and even as an affront. In various cultures the idea that a business provides possible…… [Read More]

Machiavelliism Political Thought Reflected in Martin Luther Thomas Muntzer

Machiavelli, Luther, And Muntzer

Must a good politician be morally bad? In the context of the Reformation, this question revolves around how Christians would define what is "morally bad" had become suddenly and seriously complicated by competing definitions of what constitutes "morally good" behavior. The rhetoric very often yielded more heat than light: Luther's and Muntzer's apparently sincere eschatological belief that the Vatican was to be identified with the Whore of Babylon in the Book of Revelations made the question of cooperation with wicked temporal powers more than a purely academic one. Yet it is arguably the religious situation of Roman Catholicism in the first place that leads to the ethical differences in the political philosophies of Machiavelli, Luther and Muntzer. Indeed, the religious distinction that Luther upheld against the Vatican -- insisting on salvation sola fide, by faith alone, rather than by deeds -- indicates that in response to…… [Read More]

Cultural and Political Impact of

How can we respond to their criticism? Both Freud and Marx were attempting to define something that is not quantitative in a quantitative manner. Faith cannot be measured in dynamic terms, nor can it be universally quantified. We might also point out that there is a clear difference between faith and religion. Faith is a concept, a belief, a trust; religion is manmade, and as any student of history knows, variable over the course of time, society, and individual cultures.

Does faith have a psychological and social value? Based on the very scientific principles of conservation of energy, humans would not be able to conceive or participate in, the concept of faith and religion unless it had elements that were essential to human culture. Just as people have many different tastes in food and clothing, so has history shown us that the same is true for religion? Faith is a…… [Read More]

Program Implementation Investigating the Stagnant Political Situation

Program Implementation: Investigating the Stagnant Political Situation in Pittsburgh

A Proposal for the Pennsylvania Center for Women, Politics, and Public Policy

This proposal for a program implementation is targeted at the Pennsylvania Center for Women, Politics, and Public Policy. The goal of the program is to investigate underlying attitudes among adult female citizens towards the political stagnancy in Pittsburgh. It will seek to determine whether these citizens perceive the political situation as stagnant, if they feel that they are resistant to change, if they believe that Pittsburgh is outperforming comparably-positioned cities, and if they feel like they can make meaningful political changes on the city and county level. The goal of the project is to help the Pennsylvania Center for Women, Politics, and Public Policy understand how to motivate greater female participation in the local political process in order to implement positive female-oriented policy changes.

Targeted Organization

The organization for…… [Read More]

Language Political or Historically Based

Note that inflated English has been more characteristic of the centuries preceding Orwell and of Orwell's own time than on the latter part of the 20th century. There has been a shift in linguistics. As linguists and historians of language have noted, the Western model of language follows the monological approach. The monological approach has roots reaching back to Aristotle who saw communication as one of rhetoric, namely persuasion, where communication was a strategy for influencing people and helping them see reason, or the truth. In this way, the 'other' became viewed as object, communication was one way (monological) and the objective was how to best seduce the other to one's way of thinking. According to some linguists, such as Alfred Taylor, this reduction culminated in reducing conversation, depersonalizing words, and converting them into ideas rather than seeing the complexity of the speaker behind the words. It also led to…… [Read More]

Authoritarianism Is a Type of Political System

Authoritarianism is a type of political system in which the population lacks any control over the ruling authorities (Taylor, 2002). It is characterized by indefinite tenure of leaders who cannot be removed from office or positions of authority by any political process or by the collective will of the people. Generally, authoritarian systems are only maintained by the use of force or by the implied threat of the use of force by the ruling authorities through their command of military organizations and national police forces. Another typical characteristic of authoritarian rulers is the corruption of the political and electoral processes, whereby elections (if they are permitted in the first place) are rigged or otherwise manipulated fraudulently. Similarly, authoritarian societies typically feature the complete dominance of law enforcement and administrative authorities as well (Taylor, 2002).

Rule by Force

Authoritarianism is one of the most primitive forms of political systems and is,…… [Read More]

EPA Corruption at the Top and Response From Below

Guerrilla Government and the EPA

Guerrilla government within the EPA grew out of a response to various failed administrations, which were led by men who did not approach their leadership position with the type of virtue and character that those passionate about the environment and the organization would have preferred to see. Thus, under Russell, for example, the EPA had become a shell of what it was supposed to be, with Russell using EPA funds for self-pleasure and even blocking clean-ups and environmental action for occurring as in the case of the smelter complex in Idaho (O'Leary, 2014, p. 61). The ethics issue that Russell violated was his lack of transparency, which resulted in dishonesty among the administration and a failure to live up to the expectations of the mission of the EPA by getting in bed with big business instead of holding business's toes to the fire and demanding…… [Read More]

Is Law Political

law and politics and demonstrate what the difference is, if any, between law and politics.

The difference between law and politics has been debated among those to who are referred to as "purists," which are those who hold as a belief that "law" and "politics" have nothing to do one with the other and those which are referred to as "legalists" would adhere to the belief that there is absolutely no difference between law and politics. The first obvious step of discovery is to examine the definition of each of these subjects. The definition given for law is as follows:

rule established by government. 2. legal profession

police 4. rule of natural phenomena.

Next to discover the definition for politics which, is listed as follows:

Politics: n 1. Theory and conduct of government 2. Political affairs and methods.

At first glance it does seem that the two indeed are the…… [Read More]

Game Is a 2010 Political

The news footage is also used to present the ordeal that followed after Wilson's op-ed piece was published in the New York Times and helps to demonstrate the media, political, and public backlash that ensued. The use of news footage helps to present the story from an unbiased view and leaves little room for Limon to convey his political agenda, if any. The film succeeds in bringing attention to the Wilson/Plame plight for justice and their quest to clear their name. The film also succeeds in demonstrating the corruption within the Bush administration and how power was abused in order to justify their actions, as well as their attempt to cover-up the truth at any expense. The editing helps to support Plame's story as it follows her through her job duties, both in Washington, DC and in the Middle East. The editing follows a linear narrative and lays out the…… [Read More]

Peron and Vargas Argentina's and Brazil's Most Influential Political Regimes

Peron and Vargas: Argentina's And Brazil's Most Influential Political Regimes

This essay compares the regimes of Juan Domingo Peron of Argentina and Getulio Vargas of Brazil in terms of policies and issues.

Most of South America's former colonies gained independence in the early 1800s. Brazil and Argentina are no exceptions, to this, with the difference being that in the case of Brazil the revolution which led to independence was not as bloody as that of many of its neighbors. With the passage of time, these two nations came to dominate the politics of South America, "in part due to strong personality-driven leadership by individuals" (Ferre, 2003). Juan Domingo Peron of Argentina and Getulio Vargas of Brazil are classic examples of such leadership.

Both men took power when their countries were suffering from recession, unemployment and economic hardship. Although one of them, Peron, was a general and the other a civilian,…… [Read More]

Global Political Economy Globalization

Economics

There is a concerted effort to bring developing nations into the global trade system. There are certainly success stories of nations that have been able to enjoy advantages from joining this system -- China in particular comes to mind -- but there is room for debate as to whether or not the neoliberal trade system is actually desirable for developing nations. There are a lot of issues at play, starting with the basic economics.

In general, the theory of comparative advantage argues that nations should open up trade, so that they can produce the goods in which they have a comparative advantage and sell them to buy the goods in which they do not. There are some fairly significant real world limitations to this theory, however. One is that trade is usually governed by absolute competitive advantage, not comparative advantage. If a company wants a good at a low…… [Read More]

Strategic Partnerships With the EU

In this sense, it is not simply a matter of theoretical approach, but also one that is accompanied by data. More precisely, for instance, in the 1960s, when, as stated previously, the afflux of the development aid had not been significant, the real GDP per capita was $1,049. Compared to the 1990s when the development aid was more consistent, the real GDP per capita fell to $1,016 and in 1991 to even $970 (Andrews, What foreign aid can and can't do in Africa, 2010). This can be interpreted as being the result of a series of development strategies that did not improve the condition of the society. Also, this period was indeed characterized by increased political distress that only contributed to the way in which development programs were constructed, managed, and implemented.

In later years, through the United Nations programs, the increased donor contributions, the GDP per capita increased substantially,…… [Read More]

Dillon's Rule Versus Home Rule Which Is Better

Dillon's Rule: Help or Hindrance?

Corruption and financial issues at the local level led to the disenfranchisement of the people and high levels of concern at the state and federal level. Something had to be done to help curb these issues on a grand scale in the United States. This decision gave birth to what is now known as Dillon's Rule, which essentially results in a narrowing of power of governments at the local level. This rule is generally used when trying to decide and interpret whether a local government has any expressed powers in a given situation. This rule is strictly and narrowly defined, and if there is any reasonable doubt at all about whether the authority has been expressly given to a locality through the state, then the authority of that locality in that given situation is not recognized. Every state in the union has some element of…… [Read More]

Strategic Context of Sub-Saharan Africa

Strategic Context of Sub-Saharan Africa

In response to the political administration of United States, interest in Africa changes. It is either decreased or increased. Cuba, China, France and Soviet Union are among those countries that have been influences for decades by the African continent which had pulled attraction of many towards itself. Africa has also been assisted by an economically powerful country i.e. United States. This continent had been able to gather a large number of consumers that were around 600 million. But this potential for the economic investment and growth was slowed down because of the instability. Another reason for this was the increase in the rate of migration (AERC, 2010).

Because of the foreign policy, Africa and United States were not able to maintain a close relationship as cold war came to an end. The strategy that had been used by United States was to make efforts to…… [Read More]

Gambino Drug Family Their Entire Drig Business

Gambino Drug Family." Their entire drig business was based in New York City. This paper will mirror the Gambino's nationwide and international structure and operating techniques relating to the drug business. Likewise a contrast of the Gambino's from their past to present function in prohibition, drug nexus, political corruption, and various other criminal activities will be analyzed. Gradually, the Gambino household had different business interests that made them much more noteworthy in the Italian Mafia. The paper will also assess various law enforcement tools, which can be used to against this drug family.

National and international structure and operating approaches related to the drug business

The Gambino's drug business structure and operating approaches come from really sturdy links with the Sicilian Drug trade (Critchley, 2008). Till 1914, there were no genuine laws or borders against the drug market in the U.S. (Critchley, 2008). The Boylan anti-drug Law, enacted by the…… [Read More]

Consultancy Firm Expertise International Business Challenges Issues

consultancy firm expertise international business challenges issues. You present analysis a business report. Your report focus identification discursive analysis main issues include conclusions recommendations.

Risk analysis: Australia vs. Colombia and the Democratic Republic of Congo

New taxes are always worrisome, and the Australian government's recent decision to pass a 30% tax on profits from iron ore and coal have left many investors scurrying in search of other investment opportunities in alternate countries with lower tax rates and labor costs (Scott 2011). However, simply looking at a balance sheet to determine average tax rates and wages is only a small component of deciding whether a country is a worthwhile investment. With this caveat in mind, it must be cautioned that the proposed decision to shift resources to investing in the coal mining sector in Colombia and the iron ore sector in the Democratic Republic of Congo is neither viable nor cheaper…… [Read More]

Cohn Erasmus Machiavelli

Cohn, Erasmus and Machiavelli

Political theory inevitably arise from the influences which affect a society at the time of their formation. During the time which communist leaders ruled Russia with an iron fist, the social order, or lack thereof, demanded a heavy handed approach to political leadership in order to bring order out of the chaos remaining after the Bolshevik revolutions, and the First World War. In America, the establishment of a state in which freedom of the individual is held as one of the highest moral goods of the people evolved in part due to the unfair and unjust monarchies of the European continent. The founders of the United stated had suffered under the tyranny of 'divine right' for centuries, and as a result, vowed to establish a country in which the guaranteed individual freedoms of each citizen formed the glue that would bond the country together.

Looking at…… [Read More]

Capitol Crimes in the United States the

Capitol Crimes

In the United States, the government has had to deal with accusations of corruption and duplicity from the beginning of the nation's creation. Unfortunately, many of these accusations have been found to be true and those in positions of political power have been guilty of abusing their roles and of committing illegal acts while purportedly representing the people. In recent years, the corruption has become even more blatant and obvious. Instead of properly representing their constituents, elected officials are becoming more concerned with their political careers and with increasing their power and expanding their bank accounts. This is completely antithetical to the original purpose of the representational government system that the Founding Fathers instituted (Barbour 20). In Bill Moyer's documentary Capitol Crimes, the filmmakers explore just how bad the issue of political corruption has become and how it affects everyone who is led by that corrupt government. Examining…… [Read More]

Salinas Pri Carlos Salinas De

This, of course, would represent one aspect of the resentment served to Salinas. The other aspect would be the significant impact of the economic crisis and the continued devaluation of the Peso. These things reflected on the ineptitude of a party seldom challenged as it should have been.

To most, the failures effecting the whole of the nation had marked the need for a hastening of democratic reform, which would in turn reflect quite negatively on the candidacy of the PRI candidate. In an article dated to 1988, it was characterized thusly, with report stating that "the Institutional Revolutionary Party on Sunday designated Carlos Salinas de Gortari, the budget and planning secretary in the present government, to be its presidential nominee. Getting the nomination is tantamount to being named president. The PRI, as the party is universally called here after its Spanish initials, has ruled Mexico for six decades. As…… [Read More]

California's Electoral System

California's Electoral System of Today -- No return to the New York Tammany!

It would be tempting to view the defeat of the Tammany Hall Political Machine by the opponents of political corruption as the clear triumph of good over evil. But the victory of the greatness of the 'morning glories' sniffed at by the politicians over Boss Tweed and his ilk was not so simply realized. The fall of the party bosses had as much to do with negative as well as positive political, historical and social influences upon the urban landscape of America. The first foremost and most sweeping example of this is the Great Depression that precipitated the subsequent nationally-based New Deal policies of the Roosevelt administration. This economic catastrophe created a program of federal social welfare surmounted the informal 'good corruption' policies on a local level that had allowed the Tammany politicians of the George Washington…… [Read More]

Tammany Hall Mirror of Human Greed We

Tammany Hall: Mirror of Human Greed

We often hear the road to hell is paved with good intentions and we can certainly use the history of Tammany Hall as an example of how this occurs. Tammany Hall was born from good intentions for the residents of New York, primarily the immigrants and lower working class. Helping others find work and shelter sounds like a way to improve the situations for many in the Lower East Side and this fact only brings us to question how a political party moves from this mindset to one of corruption so quickly and easily. The answer lies with the nature of man. While the road to hell is paved with good intentions, we also know that power is one of the most destructive elements known to man. When it comes to personal greed and the welfare of others, greed often wins. Tammany Hall demonstrates…… [Read More]

Sociology of Work

Sociology of Work

ASSESSING BUREAUCRACY

Max Weber advocated a management system, which would replace the influence of tradition and personal connection with clearly defined roles independent of those who occupied them. It was the need of his time when he and fellow theorists sought ways of increasing efficiency in production. Machines were then taking over the workload of many industries and people's lives, necessitating an immortal organization. He believed that a hierarchy had to be established to get things done. With the help of his contemporary Henry Ford, the concept of specialization was incorporated into system. Weber firmly believed it would increase efficiency of production. Strong rules and regulations must be set to keep tight control by management ranks. The bureaucratic organizational structure has been handed down to the present time with mixed effects. It has enabled governments and corporations to assert and exert power and to project power in…… [Read More]

Nepal Parliamentary and Presidential Governments

Preserving the current form of government will ease Nepal's transition from a constitutional monarchy to a constitutional republic. If the nation were to suddenly switch voting procedures and governmental structures, the resulting confusion would threaten to undermine the fledgling system. Furthermore, a large number of Nepalese residents are either connected to or from India and are familiar with its parliamentary system.

A parliamentary system allows for a greater plurality of voices in the legislative branch of government. Nepal is an extraordinarily diverse country, with no one ethnic group comprising more than 15.5% of the nation's population (CIA). The recent political strife in Nepal is partly rooted in the strong Maoist presence there. Maoist demands for political representation in parliament was finally granted during the recent turmoil in 2007 (CIA). Nepal's main considerations when composing its new constitution and attendant form of government include maintaining political stability, permitting a plurality of…… [Read More]

Marx and Rousseau on Property

. . while defending these institutions themselves" (1034-1035). Peled further argues that Rousseau was not able to solve this paradox and it was one of the reasons why he became increasingly pessimistic about modernity. But Rousseau's attempts to reconcile the contradiction in his approach are worth looking at in details.

Although Rousseau abhorred inequality that rose out of private property, he did not hold any illusions about modernity. He believed that private property became an essential component of the modern bourgeois society and economic relations in the modern era could not be free from errors and corruption. So, Rousseau thought that the best solution to modern inequality was to allow private property in limited amounts and regulate it through the state that represents the common will. In a perfect society imagined by Rousseau, the state would honor the right to possess private property but at the same time would retain…… [Read More]

George Washington Plunkitt

Life of Honest Graft -- the Life and Times of George Washington Plunkett

The political machine created at Tammany Hall by Boss Tweed of New York City during the Gilded Age of American politics and the Industrial Revolution has become synonymous with political corruption. At the beginning of the book on another Tammany Hall politician, introduced and assembled by the historian William L. Riordon, George Washington Plunkett offers an apparently self-serving Tammany style distinction between honest graft, or illegal political corruption for personal profit, and dishonest graft. He states "Everybody is talkin' these days about Tammany men growin' rich on graft, but nobody thinks of drawin' the distinction between honest graft and dishonest graft. There's all the difference in the world between the two. Yes, many of our men have grown rich in politics. I have myself. I've made a big fortune out of the game, and I'm gettin' richer…… [Read More]

Bribing Unethical and Illegal or Just a

bribing" unethical and illegal or just a cost of doing business?

Bribery is unethical and illegal in some societies and a regular part of business in others. Whether or not an activity is unethical is largely dependent on the culture, customs, norms, values, and laws of the country where the activity takes place. It's a matter of perspective. When you consider that the act of bribery is intended to supplement the income of underpaid officials or increase the power of a nation's governments, the outcome of the bribe is a negative one. Most economists and ethicists agree that bribery's effects are largely detrimental (Weber and Getz, 2004). If the effect of the act is detrimental, then it can be argued that it is unethical to engage in bribery even if it is only a cost of doing business.

There are different types of corruption: bureaucratic corruption where officials take bribes;…… [Read More]

Populist Persuasion Michael Kazin Sees Populism as

Populist Persuasion," Michael Kazin sees populism as a vehicle for the weak and disenfranchised common person to address and challenge the ruling elite. As such, Kazin views populism as an "impulse" that is at the very root of American democracy. Kazin's view of populism can be seen as an outgrowth of the democratic ideology of the American Revolution, as described by Wood. Kazin argues that populism has gradually moved from the political left to the right of the political spectrum. George W. Bush's current attempts at economic and moral populism give us a better understanding of Kazin's arguments. Finally, "All the King's Men" explores the relationship between populism and the corruption of the political system.

Kazin feels that populism is a more of an "impulse than an ideology," and that populism is the very language of democracy. He defines populism as a political language that regards "ordinary people as a…… [Read More]

Bonfire of the Vanities -- Psychological Critique

Bonfire of the Vanities -- Psychological Critique

"On Wall Street he and a few others -- how many? -- three hundred, four hundred, five hundred? -- had become precisely that… Masters of the Universe. There was… no limit whatsoever! Naturally he had never so much as whispered this phrase to a living soul. He was no fool.

Yet he couldn't get it out of his head…" (Wolfe, 2008, p. 11).

The crude behaviors and drunken scenes -- and the arrogant, racist, power-mad characters -- in "The Bonfire of the Vanities" could be regarded as simply settings and players in yet another entertaining movie with a provocative plot that didn't follow the celebrated novel from which it sprang. In this case a Tom Wolfe novel has been perverted to some serious degree. And yet the film stands on its own two feet notwithstanding it's failure to capture the passion and drama…… [Read More]

Ethnic Look at Gangs of New York Film

gangs of New York film

Gangs of New York" is a chronological film directed by Martin Scorsese. It is film that blend well with the novel "The Gangs of New York," written by Herbert Asbury (Asbury). The film narrates using commended historical precision, the Five Points district of New York City during the mid-19th century (Gilfoyle 620). This film includes, among other issues, a precise depiction of the grueling socio-political environment of the Five Points; at the same time accentuating on the extensive injustices and harassment caused by this society.

Gangs of New York - Executive summary

The film Gangs of New York has a high level of racism, war, and political corruption. The production of this film occurs between 1846 and 1862. The story narrates about the issues surrounding the Irish immigrants and the Americans citizens who take the name of the Native Americans. Amsterdam Vallon comes back to…… [Read More]