These types are power can be used by anybody who can skillfully wield them. Expert power is that power which derives from somebody's expertise in a subject (Giang, 2013). They have experience or formal training in something, and others trust in their knowledge, abilities and insight. Senior people at lower levels of the organization will still have a fair bit of expert power that they have cultivated over their years of experience. Respect lies at the heart of expert power, which differentiates it from the formal power types where respect is not a precondition for the power to be effective. Another informal power type is charisma power. This form of power works on the basis of a person's personal charisma. A good example from outside of the workplace is the con man, who uses charisma to gain power over his victims. But not all charisma power is bad, it just means that certain people have the ability in their personalities to get others to act. Charisma can be found among people of all types and at all levels....

Respect is not a precondition for charisma power to work, and formal authority is certainly not a precondition.
These different sources of power exist throughout law enforcement organizations. It is worth remembering that the formal power types are one that will always exist, but that those individuals might only draw power from formal authority. Other power types exist at all levels. Charismatic power can be especially powerful, and it can be held by people with pretty much zero qualifications or knowledge, so it is worth remembering that about that particular type of power.

References

Abudi, G. (2011). The 5 types of power in leadership. The Fast Track. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://quickbase.intuit.com/blog/2011/08/26/the-5-types-of-power-in-leadership/

Giang, V. (2013). The 7 types of power that shape the workplace. Business Insider. Retrieved April 18, 2014 from http://www.businessinsider.com/the-7-types-of-power-that-shape-the-workplace-2013-7