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Psychological Element in Drug Use and Dependence
Placebo, the Latin term for "I will please," refers to the psychological positive response that a patient exhibits to a non-specific treatment. It is a purely psychological element, which arises out of the patient's trust in the physician, or the belief in the positive medicinal effects of the drug. Researcher Henry Beecher's famous study in 1955 showed that more than 30% of patients respond positively to a placebo. Since then, numerous studies that were focused on the effects of placebo have reported mixed results. The brain imaging study conducted by Leuchter, in 2002, revealed distinct patterns of cerebral blood flow as a response to placebo among depressed subjects. Similarly Evans (2004) reported that placebo effect was quite marked in medical conditions that involved acute phase response. (inflammtion, acute sensitivity, etc.). [Wikipedia] Since placebo trials report significant positive response (at least in one third of the subjects)...
[University of Waterloo] Drugs interfere with the homeostasis of the body and prolonged use creates long-term changes in the brain. Thus withdrawal symptoms manifest upon stoppage of drug use. The body tends to be accustomed to the presence of the drug and hence withdrawal as such leads to unmanageability of bodily functions, at least temporarily. (Withdrawal period). The levels of naturally occurring brain chemicals are modulated by drug usage, resulting in a situation where the brain is not able to respond normally upon withdrawal, as it is conditioned to the presence of the drug in the body. For example, patients under long-term use of anti-depressants have unusually increased levels of monoamine neurotransmitters. These changes in the brain and the central nervous…
Bibliography
1) Wikipedia, " Placebo effect," Accessed on 14th Oct 2005, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Placebo_effect
2) University of Colorado, "Psychoactive Drugs and Addiction,"
Accessed on 14th Oct 2005, psych.colorado.edu/~campeaus/2012/StudyguideExam4.PDF
3) University of Waterloo, "Biological and Psychological Models of Drug Use," Accessed on 14th Oct 2005,
http://www.ahs.uwaterloo.ca/~hlth102/ModC_lec06.pdf
http://www.stoppain.org/pcd/content/addiction/establishing.asp#physical
http://www.druglibrary.org/schaffer/library/studies/ledain/tolerance_and_dependence.htm
S. provide funds for staff development on drug use and alcohol use by school-age children. But only 26% of elementary school classes and required middle school and high school health education courses had a teacher that had received "staff development on alcohol or other drug-use prevention" (SHIPPS). Still, SHIPPS reports that 91.4% of high schools and 80.4% of middle schools surveyed teach the "benefits of not using alcohol" and 90.3%
The government regulating of drugs use is one of those elements which are somewhat affected by such an approach. The government regulates both illegal and legal drugs in order to both maximize profits for American companies and minimize profits for foreign capitol. There are strict regulations on pharmaceuticals within the country. Also, many people posit money leaving American hands as a major underlying cause of the government's regulations of
Teen Drug Abuse - Prescription or Not Differences between nonalcoholic offspring of alcoholics (family history positive, FHP) and matched offspring of nonalcoholics (family history negative, FHN) have been identified on a variety of behavioral, cognitive, and neurological measures. Compared to FHN teens, FHP adolescents and young adults demonstrate more disturbed school careers, impulsivity, rebelliousness, and nonconformity (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2006); poorer neuropsychological performance (Worden & Slater, 2009);
E. school, religious activities, sports, family involvement)." ("Juvenile detention," 2005, p. 11-12). These negative affects of increased usage not only directly affect juvenile drug abusers with increased occurrence of detention, but also make less effective rehabilitation programs needed for these young offenders. Prevention Programs: Over the last two decades, there have been a plethora of clinical trial research that have identified effective adolescent substance use prevention programs. Sadly, funding for drug use prevention
Men and women are valued for their role as workers -- workers not merely at a given company -- but workers who form part of a larger industrial/technological organism that is the national, and increasingly, the global economy. Rights of privacy give way to rights of public utility: People want, not only profits, efficiency, and productivity, but also security. In order to feel safer, we willingly surrender some of our
PARENTAL DRUG ADDICTION & IMPACT ON CHILDREN Impact of parental drug use Neurobiological causes of drug addiction Social support to victims of parental drug addiction Child needs during treatment of parental drug addiction Impact of parental drug use Barnard and McKeganey (2004) investigated the impact that parental drug use created on their children and ways and means that can be helpful in mitigating these effects. The study was aimed at reviewing the literature on this subject.