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¶ … threats to validity in an experimental design. Your response should include an evaluation of the choice of design, the author's rationale for the design choice, the types of validity presented and the critical differences among them, the author's performance in explaining them, and how you would assess the study's validity and the information you would require to do so.
Choice of research design:
The efficacy of female condom skills training in HIV risk reduction among women
Randomized clinical trials are often considered the 'gold standard' of good medical research. This is because randomized trials make use of an experimental and control group and the randomization process is designed to eliminate possible selection bias, which causes correlative rather than correlative factors to potentially skew results. In the case of Choi (et al. 2008) according to the study "The efficacy of female condom skills training in HIV risk reduction among women" a "randomized trial with a sample of 409 U.S. women" was used "to test the hypothesis that female condom skills training would be efficacious in increasing sustained use of female condoms and protected sex." The randomization was stratified by the location of the different members of the test population...
Women in the experimental group received training; those that did not received none, and there was a statistically significant impact derived from education in female condom use that encouraged women to use the devices. Male condom use in both the experimental and control groups remained unchanged (Cho et al. 2008: 1845). The design seems appropriate, given using a descriptive study would have had too many outside factors impacting results (i.e., women who had received education in female condom use, a relatively unusual form of birth control, would likely have been from a niche demographic and thus socio-economic and cultural factors that were correlative rather than causal could influence the outcome). A qualitative study would not have shown with scientific rigor that this suggested public policy…
References
Choi, K. (et al. 2008).The efficacy of female condom skills training in HIV risk reduction among women: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public
Health, 98 (10):1841-1848
First
Experimental design employs comparison as its strategy for the given research. It uses two groups, which the researcher uses for comparison purposes. These include the experimental group and a control group. The two groups used in a study have similarities, but the experimental group uses the independent variable, whereas the researcher the control group is not assignment of subjects to either control or experimental group because it is central to
Dependent Variable 1: Strength of Expressed Opinions on Questionnaire. Independent Variable 2: Exposure to Indirect Intervention. Dependent Variable 2: Strength of Expressed Opinions on Questionnaire. Variables Direct Intervention -- Test subjects will be exposed to conversation at the dinner table directed to them and including them on three separate occasions one week apart about the importance of consuming alcohol responsibly and about the dangerous consequences of drinking irresponsibly. Indirect Intervention -- Test subjects will be
Experimentation is one of the common methods used in quantitative research. Premised on the positivist philosophy, an experiment is essentially conducted to investigate causal relationships between variables (Bryman, 2008). Indeed, this is one of the major strengths of experimental research compared to other types of studies -- it not only describes association between variables, but also explains causation between variables (Kothari, 2004). This essay describes the various components of an
limiting a researcher's view of the problem are situational factors that can skew the results of her experiment, i.e., effects of pretesting, social threats, and group differences (Trochim, 2008, 188). External factors, such as possible sample size, can limit even the type of testing available to the researcher. As such, researchers have come up with a number of different types of designs over the years. This essay will compare
Threats to Validity in a Quasi-Experimental Design Evaluating design choice: Walk Texas! The research study by Bartholomew (et al. 2008) entitled "Walk Texas! 5-A-Day intervention for women, infant, and children (WIC) clients: A quasi-experimental study" is defined as quasi-experimental because it lacks a formal control group. The purpose of the study was to determine an intervention designed to improve the eating habits of low-income WIC clients. The participants were "primarily native
Quasi-Experimental Design on the Effect of TV Adverts on Children This study carries out the evaluation of a research titled "A quasi-experiment assessing the effectiveness of TV advertising directed to children" (Goldberg, 1990 p 445). The paper examines the extent the research hypotheses have been able to address the study. The paper also examines the research dependent variables and independent variables. Moreover, the study investigates the extent the author has adhered