Transition to Agriculture
Transition from Hunting / Gathering to Agriculture
The transition of the human society from a nomadic hunting / gathering to a settled society based on systematic agriculture (also known as the Agricultural Revolution) is considered to be one of the most significant changes in human history. In this paper we shall look at when and how such a change took place and discuss why some historians call this transformation the greatest event of pre-history.
About 12,000 years ago, the human population had spread to most habitable parts of the earth including Australia and North America. Most human societies at the time consisted of small loosely organized groups of hunters / gatherers who adapted to their environment and relied on whatever resources were available in their surrounding territories. These 'territories' were not permanent settlements and the mobile groups of people often moved seasonally in order to remain close to their food supplies. Humans living in temperate and tropical regions typically got 70-80% of their food from 'gathering,' and the balance through 'hunting,' while those living in the Arctic...
Neolithic Agriculture is so pervasive around the world that it is easy to assume that human beings have always farmed for their food. However, as Guisepi (n.d.) points out, "There was nothing natural or inevitable about the development of agriculture." Prior to the Neolithic Revolution, Paleolithic-era people hunted for animals and gathered edible plants and fruits. Foraging and hunting proved to be the most efficient means of sustaining life in the
The transition from hunting and gathering to sedentary cultivation demanded a whole restructuring of the society and enhanced the need for solidarity. Farming requires division of labor as well as gender role differentiation ("Hopi Agriculture: Introduction"). However, Sekaquaptewa describes a more egalitarian division of labor, at least regarding the corn harvest (Udall). Men were entrusted with the performance of the Snake Dance; women with heading matrilineal clans. Children also fully
Some Chinese researchers assert that Chinese flutes may have evolved from of Indian provenance. In fact, the kind of side-blown, or transverse, flutes musicians play in Southeast Asia have also been discovered in Africa, India, Saudi Arabia, and Central Asia, as well as throughout the Europe of the Roman Empire. This suggests that rather than originating in China or even in India, the transverse flute might have been adopted through the
Hence, all of these festivals, occasions and other rituals that indigenous Taiwanese celebrated prove that the Indigenous Taiwanese were full of life and were true cultural people who celebrated all their occasions with enthusiasm and ebullience. Languages: Official language of Taiwan is Mandarin though other local languages were also spoken in originally indifferent tribes. Mandarin is the language that is used for everyday communication in Taiwan but the origin of
Neolithic Society: It is somehow difficult to reconstruct with certainty the way in which the Neolithic society was composed and functioned. However, the existing knowledge of the Neolithic society is mainly derived from the architecture, economic activities, figurines, burial traditions and other discoveries from the Aegean sites. With a population of between 50 to 300 individuals, the initial Neolithic communities lived in compactly built settlements. The basic unit of society
9. Wild almonds contain cyanide: a person can die from eating only a few dozen of them (Diamond, p. 114). They taste bitter due to the presence of amygdalin, the precursor to cyanide. The chemical serves as a defense mechanism for the almond, deterring animals (and people) from eating them and better ensuring the propagation of the almond plant because the nut is its seed. As Diamond points out, if
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