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S. In Afghanistan specific to the Soviet Union. The CSR Report for Congress entitled: "Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy" Kenneth Katzman, Specialist in Middle Eastern Affairs writes that the policy objectives of the United States in Afghanistan have: "...long gone beyond establishing political stability and combating terrorist groups operating in Afghanistan." (Katzman, 2005)
IV. PRESENT U.S. INVOLVEMENT in AFGHANISTAN
Some of the areas targeted by the United States include: "...ending discrimination against women and girls, the eradication of narcotics production, and alleviating severe humanitarian difficulties, and promoting long-term economic development...with varying degrees of intensity." (2005) Further reported is landmine eradication and retrieval of some U.S. Stingers that are in the country. In relation to long-term economic development in the country of Afghanistan the $2.5 billion Central Asia Gas Pipeline immediately became a focus after the U.S. overthrew the Soviet-backed Taliban government in Afghanistan. While some continued involvement of the United States might be needed in the short-term future of the country of Afghanistan in relation to post- occupation and war requirements in view of political and economic stabilization, it seems likely the U.S. policy will continue to be impacted due to the geopolitical significance of the country of Afghanistan in relation to trade and goods, specifically oil and access to the market in the Silk Road region.
Bibliography
Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa
2007) Democratization and Security in Central Eurasia - ARI Movement 9th International Security Conference Istanbul 14-15 June 2007. Online available at http://www.ari.org.tr/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=2
Kuczewski, Andre (1984) Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa - Book Reviews. Nov. 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626.
Savranskaya, Svetlana (2001) the Soviet Experience in Afghanistan: Russian Documents and Memoirs - Volume II: Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War. Online available at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB57/soviet.html.
Garthoff, Raymond L. Detente and Confrontation. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institute, 1994. p. 1017-1018
Johnston, Laurie (1991) U.S. Policy in Afghanistan: Time for a Change. National War Collection Washington, DC 25 Feb 1991. Abstract Online available at http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA437594
Halliday (1984) as cited in the work of Andre Kuczewski: Threat from the East? Soviet Policy- Book Reviews. Monthly Review November 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626/pg_1
The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979: Failure of Intelligence or of the Policy Process? (2005) Discourse, Dissent and Strategic Surprise: Formulating American Security in an Age of Unsecurity. Working Group Report, No. 111-26 September...
Georgetown University. Online available at http://isd.georgetown.edu/Afghan_1_WR_group.pdf
Katzman, K. (2003) Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy - CSR Report for Congress 27 Aug 2003 (RL30588: Order Code) the Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service Online available at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24047.pdf
The Soviet-Afghanistan War
See Secretary Brezhnev's Report of the CPSU Central Committee: XXVth Congress of the CPSU (Moscow, 1976), pp. 5-41; also N.I. Lebedev and N.M. Nikol'skii, editors, the Foreign Policy of the Soviet Union (Moscow, 1976, in Russian). Brezhnev's speech and its official exegesis are divided into sections on the Socialist community, national liberation, and relations with the West (detente), with a final section that integrates them as part of "the world revolutionary process." (as cited in Singleton, 1981)
Katzman, K. (2003) Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy - CSR Report for Congress 27 Aug 2003 (RL30588: Order Code) the Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service Online available at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24047.pdf
Democratization and Security in Central Eurasia - ARI Movement 9th International Security Conference Istanbul 14-15 June 2007. Online available at http://www.ari.org.tr/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=2
Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa
Kuczewski, Andre (1984) Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa - Book Reviews. Nov. 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626.
Savranskaya, Svetlana (2001) the Soviet Experience in Afghanistan: Russian Documents and Memoirs - Volume II: Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War. Online available at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB57/soviet.html.
Garthoff, Raymond L. Detente and Confrontation. Washington D.C.: The Brookings Institute, 1994. p. 1017-1018
Johnston, Laurie (1991) U.S. Policy in Afghanistan: Time for a Change. National War Collection Washington, DC 25 Feb 1991. Abstract Online available at http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA437594
Halliday (1984) as cited in the work of Andre Kuczewski: Threat from the East? Soviet Policy- Book Reviews. Monthly Review November 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626/pg_1
The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979: Failure of Intelligence or of the Policy Process? (2005) Discourse, Dissent and Strategic Surprise: Formulating American Security in an Age of Unsecurity. Working Group Report, No. 111-26 September 2005. Georgetown University. Online available at http://isd.georgetown.edu/Afghan_1_WR_group.pdf
Katzman, K. (2003) Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy - CSR Report for Congress 27 Aug 2003 (RL30588: Order Code) the Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service Online available at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24047.pdf
Bibliography
Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa
2007) Democratization and Security in Central Eurasia - ARI Movement 9th International Security Conference Istanbul 14-15 June 2007. Online available at http://www.ari.org.tr/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=2
Kuczewski, Andre (1984) Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa - Book Reviews. Nov. 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626.
Savranskaya, Svetlana (2001) the Soviet Experience in Afghanistan: Russian Documents and Memoirs - Volume II: Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War. Online available at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB57/soviet.html.
Johnston, Laurie (1991) U.S. Policy in Afghanistan: Time for a Change. National War Collection Washington, DC 25 Feb 1991. Abstract Online available at http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA437594
Halliday (1984) as cited in the work of Andre Kuczewski: Threat from the East? Soviet Policy- Book Reviews. Monthly Review November 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626/pg_1
The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979: Failure of Intelligence or of the Policy Process? (2005) Discourse, Dissent and Strategic Surprise: Formulating American Security in an Age of Unsecurity. Working Group Report, No. 111-26 September 2005. Georgetown University. Online available at http://isd.georgetown.edu/Afghan_1_WR_group.pdf
Katzman, K. (2003) Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy - CSR Report for Congress 27 Aug 2003 (RL30588: Order Code) the Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service Online available at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24047.pdf
Katzman, K. (2003) Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy - CSR Report for Congress 27 Aug 2003 (RL30588: Order Code) the Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service Online available at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24047.pdf
Democratization and Security in Central Eurasia - ARI Movement 9th International Security Conference Istanbul 14-15 June 2007. Online available at http://www.ari.org.tr/english/index.php?option=com_content&task=view&id=86&Itemid=2
Kuczewski, Andre (1984) Threat from the East? Soviet Policy from Afghanistan and Iran to the Horn of Africa - Book Reviews. Nov. 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626.
Savranskaya, Svetlana (2001) the Soviet Experience in Afghanistan: Russian Documents and Memoirs - Volume II: Afghanistan: Lessons from the Last War. Online available at http://www.gwu.edu/~nsarchiv/NSAEBB/NSAEBB57/soviet.html.
Johnston, Laurie (1991) U.S. Policy in Afghanistan: Time for a Change. National War Collection Washington, DC 25 Feb 1991. Abstract Online available at http://stinet.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA437594
Halliday (1984) as cited in the work of Andre Kuczewski: Threat from the East? Soviet Policy- Book Reviews. Monthly Review November 1984. Online available at http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m1132/is_v36/ai_3496626/pg_1
The Soviet Invasion of Afghanistan in 1979: Failure of Intelligence or of the Policy Process? (2005) Discourse, Dissent and Strategic Surprise: Formulating American Security in an Age of Unsecurity. Working Group Report, No. 111-26 September 2005. Georgetown University. Online available at http://isd.georgetown.edu/Afghan_1_WR_group.pdf
Katzman, K. (2003) Afghanistan: Current Issues and U.S. Policy - CSR Report for Congress 27 Aug 2003 (RL30588: Order Code) the Library of Congress: Congressional Research Service Online available at http://fpc.state.gov/documents/organization/24047.pdf
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