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Politicians and Macroeconomics
Politicians come from many different backgrounds: educational, social, and financial. This in turn affects just about every decision that is made once these individuals are in office. With so many diverse backgrounds dealing with the same issue that affects millions of people, they are coming with different experiences, yet are expected to make these decisions without necessarily having had dealt with them before. This is the case with macroeconomics. The behavior of macroeconomics is affected by the behavior of the politicians that control and drive it (Mankiw 2009). The ignorance of one politician throws the entire system off.
Politicians today do not necessarily understand macroeconomics. In order for an economy to succeed, and in order for financial gains to be made, stability needs to be a key component of any economy (Mankiw 2009). However, politicians will never truly understand what it means in economical terms to really…
References:
Mankiw, N.G. (2009). Principles of Macroeconomics. Mason, OH: South Western Cengage Learning.
undefined. (October 12, 2011). No jobs bill, and no ideas. In The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/13/opinion/no-jobs-bill-and-no-ideas.html?ref=unitedstateseconomy .
Zeleny, J., & Parker, A. (October 11, 2011). Romney looks past rivals as debate focuses on economy. In The New York Times. Retrieved October 13, 2011, from http://www.nytimes.com/2011/10/12/us/politics/republican-candidates-in-debate-divide-on-economy.html?ref=unitedstateseconomy .
Politicians & Power
Power of Selected Politicians
he Speaker of the House of Representatives, the U.S. Senate Majority Leader, and the Vice President of the United States are all very powerful political figures. Because both houses of the legislature have substantial political power, the Speaker of the House and the Senate Majority Leader both have positions where they can influence the legislative process. However, the role of the legislature is not to set policy, but to enact laws. he executive branch is the branch responsible for setting policy, therefore the Vice President, who is the second-most powerful member of the executive branch, has a greater ability to impact the policy-making process than either leader of the two houses of the legislature.
he current Speaker of the House of Representatives is Representative Dennis Hastert of Illinois. he Speaker is the highest officer in the House of Representatives. Speakers are almost always…
The current U.S. Senate Majority Leader is Bill Frist of Kansas. The Majority Leader is a unique position because the powers exerted by the majority leader are not delegated by law, but by custom. The Majority Leader is elected by his party to serve as the majority party's spokesman in the Senate. In addition, the Majority Leader has the power to schedule the Senate's legislative business. However, the Majority Leader is not the Senate's presiding officer is the President of the Senate, which is a role given to the Vice President. In addition, there is a President Pro-Tempore, who leads the Senate when the Vice President is absent. However, those two roles have become antiquated and the Majority Leader is the de facto leader of the Senate. When the Senate majority party differs from the President's political party, the Senate Majority Leader is generally the leader of his party.
The current Vice President of the United States is Richard Cheney. The Vice President succeeds to the office of the President if the President is removed from office, which implies that the Vice President should be the second-most powerful member of the Federal government. In reality, the actual role that the Vice President plays in policymaking depends tremendously on the individual occupying the Presidency. In fact, the Vice President's only official duty is to serve as the President of the Senate. Until recent times Vice Presidents had little power. However, modern Vice Presidents have been included in the President's cabinet meetings, and are statutory members of the National Security Council. Furthermore, the Vice President's role as President of the Senate can be extremely powerful. For example, in 2001, the Senators were evenly split between the political parties; therefore the Vice President cast the tie-breaking vote, which gave the Republicans the Senate majority. Furthermore, Cheney is extremely involved in drafting policy for the current administration.
As one can see, the determination of who has more policymaking power, the Speaker, the Majority Leader, or the Vice President is not simply a function of their Constitutional responsibilities. In fact, of the three positions, one does not exist under the Constitution, while another has very few delegated responsibilities under the Constitution. However, the reality is that both of those positions have tremendous power, because the Majority Leader is the de facto leader of his political party if that party differs from the President's, and the Vice President has had an increasingly important role in administrative policymaking. Currently the Vice President is the most powerful of the three. Not only has he played an extremely important role in Bush's administration, but he also cast the swing vote that gave control of the Senate (and, therefore the entire Federal government) to the Republican Party.
The media's power can also be used to the politician's disadvantage. Often, this comes in the form of attacks from other politicians, whether on a personal or policy level. Investigative journalism can also expose both original scandals and evidence that disproves or casts doubt on some of the claims and/or attacks made by politicians about themselves/others. Often, the positive and negative forces of the media find themselves in direct opposition from different outlets. Specific examples of all of these types of media power in politics can be found almost daily, especially in this time of political turmoil. One such example occurred last night.
President Barak Obama, though now inaugurated, is still a politician. In his first address to Congress last night, he outlined some aspects of the economic stimulus package, not in financial terms but in broad emotionally-stirring terms. This address was not so much for Congress as it was…
" On page 29 of the book he mentions this state of mind. "Common Joe, champion the average. ely on your own good sense. Fuck this bullshit. Bullshit, of course is everything -- you and others- fear is beyond you: books, essays, tests, academic scrambling, complexity, scientific reasoning…" (ose, 29)
In chapter 3 Mike oses show the difficulties that he encounters during his transition into college and how he confronted those difficulties, especially, after his friend had committed suicide. The death of his friend changed the course of his life. Through his writing he shows that guidance and advice is needed when tackling a problem too difficult to bear on one's own. He believes that we can't make a successful career without learning from without the experience of others: "You'll need people to guide you into conversations that seem foreign and threatening" (ose, 48) He also states: "you'll need people…
References
Rose, Mike. Lives on the Boundary. New York: Penguin Group (USA) Incoporated, 1990.
And, even once in office, should they be elected, black politicians must still at times, it seems (given the Cynthia McKinney incident and its apparent overall cost to her political career) "know their place," i.e., as a patiently-waiting Congressional pin-wearer at the metal detector. Otherwise, black politicians in particular, especially pin-less ones, may very well find themselves again restricted from all but areas outside the House.
orks Cited
African-Americans in the United States Congress." ikipedia. December 10, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
African_Americans_in_the http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
African_Americans_in_the _United_States_Congress.html>.
Barak Obama." ikipedia. December 8, 2006. Retrieved December
10, 2006, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barak_Obama.html.
Constitution of the United States. (2000) Microsoft Encyclopedia Encarta, 1-32.
Retrieved December 7, 2006, from Microsoft orks Suite 2000 (CD-ROM), Disc 3.
Cynthia McKinney." ikipedia. December 10, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia_McKinney html>
Fifteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution." ikipedia. December 4, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006,…
Works Cited
African-Americans in the United States Congress." Wikipedia. December 10, 2006. Retrieved December 10, 2006, from: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
African_Americans_in_the
The article also describes how the article went out of control shortly after launch. This suggests that the North Koreans do not have the technology to manage their weapons and this creates a sense of risk. The article then says that "failed so quickly that the United States was never able to ascertain in what direction it was headed." This creates doubt about where the missile was headed. It also creates the idea that the missile may have been aimed at a certain place and not just a test missile aimed at sea. These statements are not backed by fact. They are propaganda aimed at creating fear in people. It is the uncertainty of where the missile was headed that makes the statement effective propaganda. Every person reading the article could fear that it was headed to where they live.
The final propaganda in the article is related to what…
Works Cited
CNN. "Bush: NK Tests and Opportunity." Retrieved July 7, 2006. URL: http://edition.cnn.com/2006/WORLD/asiapcf/07/07/korea.missile.us/index.html
biggest issues citizens politicians confronted 1960s Cold War, defined geopolitical tensions, proxy wars fought United States Soviet Union. Indeed, grew 1950s, 60s, 70s, Cold War a household topic understand.
The interpretation and understanding of history largely depends on the perspective used to process events and experience that create that history. The period of the Cold War and especially the political implications of the silent confrontation between the United States and the U.S.S.R. is seen and perceived differently by people with different backgrounds. For this assignment I chose to interview three people that have different backgrounds in terms of age, life experience, and cultural background. Ms. X is a high-school graduate from a traditional American family, born and raised in the United States. Mr. Y is a middle-aged engineer that came 25 years ago from Eastern Europe. Mrs. Z is as well middle-aged, Cuban primary school teacher.
Each of the people…
Politics and Veterans
Veterans of war have always been a selling point for politicians in election years. Throughout history one can see how whether on the campaign trail or sitting in office already, politicians have skillfully used veterans in order to promote a "fair deal" or "benefits" to the troops coming home. They do this as a way to curry favor with the public, to show that they can for the soldiers, to show that it pays to go to work for Uncle Sam, and that when an individual does right by his country, his country does right by him. Thus, there was Truman's "Fair Deal," FD's "New Deal," Harrison's pensions for the Civil War veterans, Nixon and Vietnam Veterans Day, and today's VA hospitals and VA loans, designed to assist veterans in their transition from military to civilian life. Politicians have used the plight of the veterans yesterday and…
References
The Age of Political Machines. (2013). Politics in the Gilded Age. Retrieved from http://sageamericanhistory.net/gildedage/topics/gildedagepolitics.html
Bennett, M. (1999). When Dreams Came True: The GI Bill and the Making of Modern
America. NE: Potomac Books.
Foote, Shelby. The Civil War: Ft. Sumter to Perryville. NY: Random House, 1958.
Macro Economics
Politicians and Macro Economics
In merica, the duty of running the economy belongs to members of congress. Some decisions they make concerning the economy shoe they have vast knowledge of macroeconomics. lthough, some of the members of congress are lawmakers and hardly understand the role they need to play for the economy. Macroeconomics involves studying and decision making of the whole economy and contributors of the economy within the country surrounding. During his administration, George Bush demonstrated his knowledge of macroeconomics when he cut down taxes. This is a monetary policy in macroeconomics increasing income disposable to individuals. Increase in disposable income increases the level of savings and investments. In an economic cycle, these are injections into the economy, which promote economic independence. This showed that some politicians understand macroeconomics, but it is hard to generalize for all of them as these congressmen come from different backgrounds.
How…
A function of the government that deserves elimination is spending too much money on the armed forces with intentions of maintaining peace in other countries. These countries that benefit, always end up complaining and ungrateful and yet the American citizen get inadequate services due to this spending. The government should eliminate Federal Reserve in the country. Federal Reserve keeps the government in debt, as the government cannot withdraw enough money to pay its debts. Since the creation of the Federal Reserve in 1913, the currency continues to depreciate. This shows that the Federal Reserve does not in any way control the strength of the country's currency.
Concepts of Macroeconomics
In the perishable goods market, a concept that influences business is the demand and supply concept. Sellers must ensure goods supplied to the market are enough to meet the demand gap. Extra goods on the market will need more time to sell and as the goods are perishable, they will go sour. Low supply will not meet the demand gap hence create inflation and lack of consumer satisfaction in the market. It is easier to sell non-perishable goods. Sellers can consider the concept of inflation and hope to get higher prices for their goods. They can hold goods and still have them safe for consumption after a long period.
tagged along with the burning issue of slavery in those years preceding the American Civil War, expanding American territory would redound to the best advantage of its people and further enhance its economic and political objectives and gains.
The principle of manifest destiny could be invoked, whereby the people of those days had the power and duty "to overspread and to possess the whole of (the Northern American) continent, which Providence has given (them) for the development of the great experiment of liberty." This tenet, introduced and made popular by journalist John L. Sullivan in 1845, which maintained that it was the American nation's destiny as well as duty to conquer the West and to expand its limits "in the name of God, nature, civilization and progress." Reminding both Northerners and Southerners, whether pro-or anti-slavery, about this divine right and supreme responsibility could incline their minds to the necessity of…
ar Room and Today's Politicians
The ar Room documentary exposes the absolutely cynical nature of modern day politics -- though it is probably not much different than it has always been, if one thinks on Shakespeare's treatment of the democratic process in Coriolanus. Nonetheless, the cloying nature of the politicians as they toss tidbits of information to their needy public (needy because they need to believe in the political process, in their candidate, in the thought that their vote matters and that they can make a difference) shows how divorced from reality the actual process is. For example, early in the documentary, Clinton is sitting on a couch at headquarters in t-shirt and shorts, a ball cap on his head. His eyes are tired, focused on the viewer, looking straight into the camera (but really past the camera as he mentally prepares for his phone interview). In his phone interview…
Works Cited
Amselem, Yonathan. "The Problem with Bernie Sanders." Mises Institute. 2015. Web.
17 Nov 2015.
Durdern, Tyler. "The FBI and DOJ Get Involved." Zero Hedge. 2015. Web. 17 Nov
Bush and Kerry
George W. Bush belongs to a political family as his father; Bush Senior was also the President of the United States. Bush won the presidential elections 2000 against Al Gore in a cut-to-cut competition and heavy controversy pertaining to the results of the elections. At that time he was serving a second term as Texas's Governor since 1994. Basically, Bush is a businessman and had run previously oil business with keen interest in baseball.
Comparatively, John Kerry is a Vietnam War veteran who, on his return, opposed the motive and the actions of the war vehemently. In 1982 he was elected as Massachusetts lieutenant governor and has been a senator since 1990.
Both Bush and Kerry are experienced politicians, have had a history of elections, where as Bush has an advantage of being the president of the United States. This is the experience that counts most in…
References
Bell, Jeffrey & Frank Cannon (February 9, 2004), Weekly Standard, Volume 009, Issue 21 http://www.weeklystandard.com/Content/Public/Articles/000/000/003/676rgxov.asp?pg=2
Burni, F. (2002) Ambling In To History: The Unlikely Odyssey of George W. Bush. Perennial, Pg. 42
Frum, D. (2003) The Right Man: The Surprise Presidency of George W. Bush. Random House, Pg. 12-45
Kerry, J. (2003) A Call to Service: My Vision For A Better America. Viking Press, pg. 82
NYC elected officials at the federal, state, and local levels
Congresswoman Nydia M. Velasquez is one of the most impressive persons in the state due to the numerous historic actions she is responsible for. "In 1992, she was the first Puerto Rican woman elected to the U.S. House of Representatives. In February 1998, she was named Ranking Democratic Member of the House Small Business Committee, making her the first Hispanic woman to serve as Ranking Member of a full House committee. Most recently, in 2006, she was named Chairwoman of the House Small Business Committee, making her the first Latina to chair a full Congressional committee." (About Nydia Velasquez) One of the most surprising things about the U.S. politicians is the fact that she comes from an underprivileged environment -- she was born in Puerto Rico in conditions that made it difficult for her co-nationals to earn a living.
Charles…
Works cited:
"About Chuck," Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://www.schumer.senate.gov/about-chuck
"About Nydia Velasquez," Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://velazquez.house.gov/about/bio.shtml
"Biography," Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://assembly.state.ny.us/mem/Sheldon-Silver/bio/
"BIOGRAPHY," Retrieved March 27, 2015, from http://council.nyc.gov/d22/html/members/biography.shtml
Female Veterans in U.S. Politics
Alisa Chang's article "Female Vets Say They'll Put Country First, Even On Capitol Hill" addresses a pressing matter in the contemporary U.S. -- female veterans who are interested in having a political career.
The fact that many of these respective women fought in a series of conflicts in recent decades provided them with a more complex understanding of their country's politics and of ways they could improve the system as a whole. As a consequence, they want to get actively involved in making reform possible and one of the most effective methods of doing so is to become politicians.
hen regarding things from a point-of-view involving feminism, it would be safe to say that U.S. female veterans joining political communities play an important role in improving the way that women in general are seen. Individuals in the U.S. today are thus influenced to acknowledge the…
Works cited:
Chang, A. "Female Vets Say They'll Put Country First, Even On Capitol Hill," Retrieved April 2, 2015, from http://www.npr.org /2014/10/15/356302515/female-veterans-aim-for-washington-while-navigating-campaign-trail
Hezbollah has committed itself to the betterment of societal Lebanon not just in the context of Muslim families and organizations but all those who stand for an independent Lebanon. They have also provided a great deal of assistance when conflict has rendered regions without electricity or water (International Crisis Group, 2005). It was Hezbollah who provided not only medical supplies and food to Beirut during the 2006 conflict, but they also provided electricity and clean water for the people left without such vital resources. In a revolutionary move, Hezbollah even offers free medical care to every individual who pledges themselves to the organization. While it is clearly propaganda to further their cause, the access to free healthcare in a region plagued by poverty, starvation, and disease is truly radical and identifies Hezbollah as a militia genuinely concerned with the welfare of the people it is fighting to liberate (Fisk, 2001).…
References
1. Ajami, F. (1986): The Vanished Imam: Musa al-Sadr and the Shia of Lebanon, Cornell University Press.
2. Byman, D. (2003) "Should Hezbollah Be Next?," in Foreign Affair, Vol. 82, n. 6, pp. 54-66.
3. Cobban, H. (1987): The Making of Modern Lebanon, Hutchinson, London.
4. Cobban, H. (1985): The Shia Community and the Future of Lebanon, American Institute for Islamic Affairs, Occasional Paper n. 2.
While it is true that American prisons and jails are overcrowded the answer is not to let out the violent offenders. These offenders need to receive nationally standardized sentencing and the sentences need to be longer than they currently are.
This five point plan proposes that the nation take the average sentence for each violent offense and double it. If the average sentence across the nation for robbery is three to six years, it will be changed to six to 12 years.
Third -- the third part of this five point plan to combat the emerging problem of violent crime in America will be to refuse early release. There is not a problem with allowing inmates to achieve the status of trustee however they should not be able to receive two for one days of jail credit with that status.
Jail and prison are boring. The time moves very slowly…
References
Barrios, Jarrett, (2006)Mass. voters give mandate for smart-on-crime policies.(Editorial)
The Boston Herald
Brack, Andy (2006) State looking at ways to take bites out of crime (accessed 6-26-07) http://www.statehousereport.com/columns/06.1015.crime.htm
____(2007) EDITORIAL: U.S. Statistics Show Violent Crime Making a Comeback
Internet When a Politician Makes a lunder in Speech
President Obama is noted for blunders of speech and one of the worst blunders involves his presentation of the Medal of Honor to a serviceman who is deceased for nearly three years and the blunder of President Obama goes as follows:
"First time I saw 10th Mountain Division, you guys were in southern Iraq. When I went back to visit Afghanistan, you guys were the first ones there. I had the great honor of seeing some of you because a comrade of yours, Jared Monti, was the first person who I was able to award the Medal of Honor to who actually came back and wasn't receiving it posthumously." (Zurko, 2011, p.1)
In May 2012 President Obama was forced to apologize after he called the Nazi death camps that were constructed in Poland "Poland death camps." (ates, 2012, p.1)
Statement of…
Bibliography
Obama's Gay-Fundraiser Dirty Joke: Inappropriate? (2012) The Week. Retrieved from: http://theweek.com/article/index/228969/obamas-gay-fundraiser-dirty-joke-inappropriate
Zurko, Roz (2011) Obama's Medal of Honor speech drops jaws with insensitive mistake. Huliq. 24 Jun 2011. Retrieved from: http://www.huliq.com/12079/obamas-medal-honor-speech-drops-jaws-insensitive-mistake
Bates, Daniel (2012) Obama apologises after calling Nazi death camp 'Polish death camps'. Daily Mail. Retrieved from: http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2152164/Obama-apologises-calling-Nazi-death-camp-Polish-death-camps.html#ixzz26sMKU1Ly
This included the
annexation of Czechoslovakia. He reneged on areas in Poland which had been
ceded from German in the Versailles treaty. While Britain and the Soviet
Union were unable to come to an alliance, Germany was able to develop a non-
aggression pact with Stalin, negotiated over the partitioning of Poland.
Hitler continued to work against significant disbelief on the part of the
general European public and conquered France, the Netherlands, Luxembourg
and Belgium. Hitler took advantage of Europeans disbelief that another war
to the extent degree of World War I was possible, and certainly not
possible under the restrictions placed on Germany by the Treaty of
Versailles. Hitler's victory brought France and Italy to his side.
Hitler was unable to obtain air superiority over Britain, despite
blistering attacks on British cities. The ability of the British to hold
out against the rest of Europe was a rallying cry…
Polybius: Historian and Politician
Louis XIV
The histories written by Polybius are considered to be essential from historiographic perspective as it gives detailed and comprehensive picture and understanding of the Hellenistic world. His work on the rise and fall of the Roman Empire are considered to be one of the most important and significant works in the field of classical history.[footnoteRef:1] The aim of this research is to investigate and study the historical settings in which Polybius had penned down his most famous work, the Histories in the lights of broad and diverse academic resources. The analysis would be beneficial in understanding the political and social constraints responsible for influencing his work and furthermore, the opinion of his contemporaries and the reception got from critics when Polybius work was completed. [1: ulloch, A.W., Gruen, E.S., Long, A.A. And Stewart, A. (eds.) (1993) Images and Ideologies: Self-Definition in the Hellenistic World,…
Bibliography
Bulloch, A.W., Gruen, E.S., Long, A.A. And Stewart, A. (eds.) (1993) Images and Ideologies: Self-Definition in the Hellenistic World, Berkeley-Los AngelesLondon
Clarke, K. (1999a) Between Geography and History: Hellenistic Reconstructions of the Roman World, Oxford
Clarke, K. (1999b) 'Unusual perspectives in historiography', in C.S. Kraus, ed., The Limits of Historiography: Genre and Narrative in Ancient Historical Texts (Leiden-Boston-Cologne) 249 -- 79
Collatz, C.F., Helms, H. And Schafer, M. (2000) Polybios-Lexikon, Band I, Lieferung I (?-), 2nd edn, Berlin
176). She experienced prejudice early on in her life, and it helped build her belief that black people could make it in a white world, but that integration was extremely necessary. She attended Boston University Law School, and passed the bar in 1959. She returned to Houston to practice law, but turned to politics when her law practice stalled. She volunteered for the Kennedy campaign in 1960, and soon became well-known in Houston political circles.
She ran for the state legislature twice unsuccessfully, but she did not give up, and dedicated her entire life to politics and her constituents. She ran again in 1966, and "Her concerns were those of the people-industrial safety, welfare programs, insurance rates, vocational education, low wages, and voter registration" (Hendrickson, Collins, & Cox, 2004, p. 181). When she won the race, she was the first black woman to serve in the Texas legislature. Her character…
References
Clarke, M. (2005). Race, partisanship, and the Voting Rights Act (VRA). Texas Journal on Civil Liberties & Civil Rights, 10(2), 223+.
Gallagher, Julie. "Waging 'The Good Fight': The Political Career of Shirley Chisholm, 1953-1982." The Journal of African-American History 92.3 (2007): 392+.
Hendrickson, K.E., Collins, M., & Cox, P. (Eds.). (2004). Profiles in power: Twentieth-Century Texans in Washington (New ed.). Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
"Shirley Anita St. Hill Chisholm 1924-2005." The Journal of Blacks in Higher Education Jan. 2005: 45+.
Politicians
Hillary odham Clinton: Senator, First Lady, & Secretary of State
"One thing we know for sure is that change is certain. Progress is not. Progress depends on the choices we make today for tomorrow and on whether we meet our challenges and protect our values."
~Hillary odham Clinton, from Living History
Hillary Diane odham Clinton is an international leader, a powerful fixture in American government, a significant figure in American history, and a mentor for people around the world, especially women. Before becoming Secretary of State, she campaigned for United States President. Hillary odham Clinton continues to lead an intriguing and inspiring life. She makes decisions that impact millions of people. She represents the American government, American foreign policy, and she represents hope for women in a patriarchal society. Hillary Clinton has withstood several political scandals with grace and perseverance. The paper will explore her life as an example…
References:
Barlow, Tani. "International Feminism of the Future." Signs, Vol. 25, No. 4, 1099 -- 1105, 2000.
Burden, Barry C., & Mughan, Anthony. "Public Opinion and Hillary Rodham Clinton." The Public Opinion Quarterly, Vol. 63, No. 2, 237 -- 250, 1999.
Carlin, Diana B., & Winfrey, Kelly L. "Have You Come a Long Way, Baby? Hillary Clinton, Sarah Palin, and Sexism in 2008 Campaign Coverage." Communication Studies, Vol. 60, No. 4, 326 -- 343, 2009.
Clinton, Hillary Rodham. It Takes a Village and Other Lessons Children Teach Us. Simon & Schuster, New York, 1996.
His overactive super-ego demands rigid acceptance of social conformity, including a set of standards that are applicable to him being a role model to others. He might ask himself the question, " that if he, as a conservative role model, cannot control his physical urges what then would a less "public" and conservative individual do if he or she were exposed to such materials? His response with regard to reaction formation might tell him that despite ample scientific evidence that arousal from erotic imagery is normal and even healthy and that the majority of people who view such material still remain within the confines of acceptable adult morality, that the average lesser individual might react to erotic material by committing adultery, raping or acting sexually aggressive toward someone, turn deviant (i.e. gay), or the worst case scenario inappropriately touch a child. All of these fears are aspects of reaction formation,…
prediction comparison vote real members House Representatives a law. 1. You choose real members House Representatives, Republican Democrat. (There 435 members House, find interests .
A tax on obesity as seen by Republican member of the U.S. House of Representatives Bill Cassidy and Democratic member of the U.S. House of Representatives James McGovern
Obesity has come to be a significant issue in the United States today, with more and more individuals displaying the malady's symptoms. As a consequence, the authorities have gotten actively involved in trying to control it through installing tougher regulation and by implementing programs meant to educate people with regard to attitudes they should take toward the concept. hile agreeing about the significance of this issue, American politicians seem to have different opinions on the matter -- some believe that the solution stays with tougher legislations while others consider that it all comes down to education and…
Works cited:
"Bipartisan Bill Launched to Treat and Reduce Obesity," retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://conscienhealth.org/2013/06/bipartisan-bill-launched-to-treat-and-reduce-obesity/
"Rep. Jim McGovern's 4th "End Hunger Now" Speech: The Obesity Paradox -- Video," retrieved July 13, 2014, from http://www.hhe.tv/rep-jim-mcgoverns-4th-end-hunger-now-speech-the-obesity-paradox-video/
"Text of the Treat and Reduce Obesity Act of 2013," retrieved July 13, 2014, from https://www.govtrack.us/congress/bills/113/hr2415/text
As time has gone on, the public has tired of politicians that do not do what they have promised, and filibustering is part of that.
Those who agree with filibustering feel that it is an important way for politicians to block bills they are very concerned about or that they believe would be seriously harmful to the public. There is no argument that protecting the public is what politicians really should be doing, but the problem lies in the opinion of the politicians and whether they are actually doing what is right for the public, or what they think is right for the public. In other words, how is their level of objectivity when it comes to the bills they filibuster? Are they really deeply concerned about the public, or are they only focused on the level of control they have and what they think is correct? Those are questions…
References
Binder, Sarah a. & Smith, Steven S. (1996). Politics or Principle: Filibustering in the United States Senate. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press.
Koger, Gregory (2010). Filibustering: A Political History of Obstruction in the House and Senate. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
Lazare, Daniel (1996). The Frozen Republic: How the Constitution Is Paralyzing Democracy. Harcourt.
Air Bags in Cars
The Politics of Air Bags
Air bags weren't always in cars. They have come about as a fairly recent development, and the rise of the air bag was due to politics. hile this may sound strange, many things that individuals take for granted today have come about because special interest groups were concerned about a specific aspect of public policy or public safety. These individuals or groups then worked to change laws or to have laws enacted that made the world, in their opinion, a better place.
The purpose of this paper is to examine air bags from a political standpoint. In other words, the goal of this paper is not to make a judgment as to whether air bags in cars are good or bad, but rather to look at the political changes that caused them to come about in the first place.
In order…
Works Cited
Carter, Craig C. "Politics & Policy: Air Bags Puff On. Carmakers are installing them as federal rules requiring passive restraints look certain." Fortune 9 December 1985: 135.
Healey, James R & Jayne O'Donnell. "Air bag fatalities shock backers into soul-searching." USA Today 8 July 1996: 02B.
Lambrecht, Bill. "Who is He? Ashcroft gets hard questions, some jokes about obscurity on New Hampshire swing." St. Louis Post-Dispatch 12 August 1997: 01A.
Leavitt, Paul. "Air bags save lives." USA Today 5 November 1996: 14A.
Introduction
In ancient Rome, the gladiator games were a popular form of entertainment—but they were also much more than this and served multiple purposes within the Roman civilization. The games were used both by Roman authorities and by the slaves of Rome (the gladiators) as a tool, wielded for a different aim respectively. The Roman religious and the politicians used the games as well for their own ends. While the combats that took place in the arenas dazzled audiences, the violence and spectacle was really but one aspect of the contests, and an examination of the underlying social, political, religious and economic subtexts of the gladiator games reveals much about the nature of ancient Roman society. This paper will identify the four main purposes of the gladiatorial games in ancient Rome—the expression of political influence, the expression of religion, a means of emphasizing the Empire’s power, and grounds for slaves…
American Political Behavior Mid-Term and Discussion Chapter and Blog
Module 4/Discussion 1 -- Participation of Young Voters
Young voter participation has been lagging behind other age groups, which has been a major concern. It is a concern because majority of the population that is eligible to vote comprises of the youth. In a nation where 23% of the people are edible to vote, 17% comprises of the youth (Winograd & Hais, 2009). It is also notable that voter registration targets the college students thus a gap in voter turnout between people with collage experience and those without (Putnam, 2000). Young adults were able to vote after the ratification of the 26th amendment, which was in 1971. egardless of this right to vote, young adults do not exercise their civil responsibility to vote. The voter turnout by young adults is usually low over the last years. This is mainly due to…
References
Hendricks, J.A., & Denton, R.E. (2009). Communicator-in-chief: How Barack Obama used new media technology to win the white house. Lanham, Md: Lexington Books.
Rosenau, J.N., & Singh, J.P. (2002). Information technologies and global politics: The changing scope of power and governance. Albany (N.Y.: State university of New York press.
Putnam, R.D. (2000). Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York, NY: Simon & Schuster. (ISBN 0-7432-0304-6)
Wattenberg, M.P. (2008) Is voting for young people? New York, NY: Pearson Longman. (ISBN 10: 0-205-51807-9, ISBN 13: 978-0-205-51807-4)
Criminal Justice System
Australian Criminal Justice System
"When all is said and done, the current criminal justice system is about as fair and effective as we can reasonably expect"
Overview of the Criminal Justice System: Fair and Effective - Penal Populism
The Democracy at Work thesis proposes that politicians have been properly responsive to public concern about crime by putting into place the more robust responses to offending which people want. An alternative perspective is that politicians have been populist in advocating these tougher policies. "Penal populism"; a term equivalent to Bottoms's (1995) "populist punitiveness"; is defined here as a punishment policy developed primarily for its anticipated popularity. Penal policy is particularly susceptible to populism, because there is a great deal of public concern about crime, and low levels of public knowledge about sentencing practice, sentencing effectiveness, and sentencing equity. This combination of concern and lack of knowledge can present…
References
Bottoms, A.E. (1995). The philosophy and politics of punishment and sentencing. In C. Clarkson and R. Morgan, eds., The politics of sentencing reform. Oxford: Clarendon Press.
Hogg, R., and D. Brown (1998). Rethinking law and order. Sydney: Pluto Press.
Toby, J. (1957). Social disorganization and stake in conformity: Complementary factors in the predatory behavior of hoodlums. Journal of Criminal Law, Criminology and Police Science 48: 12 -- 17.
Sallmann, P., and J. Willis (2003). Criminal justice in Australia. Melbourne: Oxford University Press.
Issue 2
Voting the 'lesser evil'
Of course, I would be lying if I did not admit that at times I voted 'the lesser evil' of two proposed candidates. In a two-part system such as ours, with relatively limited choices of candidates, this is inevitable. Furthermore, the narrow representation of opinions on a scale of liberal to conservative in American politics, as opposed to Europe and other nations with a greater number of political parties means that voters often elect candidates they do not fully support on many issues. However, this does not mean that people cannot get excited about candidates in America today. Witness the grass-roots enthusiasm about Democratic Senator Obama's campaign. By rallying young people and using inspirational rhetoric, I believe that many of his supporters do not regard him as a lesser evil, but as a potentially great president. The fact that Senator Hillary Clinton and Obama…
J. Simpson or John Gotti. In both cases, the defendants are entitled to the presumption of innocence only in court; but there is no such "presumption" in the intellectual "court" of one's mind.
A lawyer with integrity would refuse to represent any defendant he believed was probably guilty of horrendous crimes and simply let that defendant be represented by a court-appointed attorney who is obligated by law to represent any defendant who cannot afford a private attorney. If all criminal defense lawyers had high personal ethical standards, the Simpsons and Gottis of the world would find it impossible to retain any defense counsel other than those obligated by law to take their cases.
4. Define and briefly explain ethical dilemma. Of the four categories of dilemmas: discretion, duty, honesty and loyalty, which one applies best to the following situations? Explain your rationale. Also, explain how an officer might analyze the…
Marion Barry on Political Perceptions in D.C.
This paper examines the political life of Marion Barry, former mayor of Washington D.C. And current member of Washington's city council. Barry was arrested and convicted of possession of crack. He has also been linked to a number of other political and personal scandals. This paper attempts to determine: the impact Barry's contemporaries believed his actions would have on his political career; the impact that his actions have had on his political career; how Barry remains politically relevant after a criminal conviction; the role that race plays in Barry's continued political viability; and what Barry's continued political viability say about the current state of racial relations in the United States.
Table of Contents
Abstract
Chapter 1. Introduction
Chapter 2. Framing the Problem
Chapter 3. Study Questions
Chapter 4. Data Collection, Composition, and eporting
Chapter 5. Discussion
Chapter 6. Conclusion
eferences
Chapter 1: Introduction…
References
A&E. (2013). Marion S. Barry, Jr. Retrieved April 9, 2013 from Biography website:
http://www.biography.com/people/marion-s-barry-jr-9200328
Ashley, J. (1990, January 21). The Barry years: Triumphs and troubles. Retrieved April 9,
2013 from The Washington Post website: http://www.washingtonpost.com/wp-srv/local/longterm/library/dc/barry/timeline.htm
udgetary Politics
The United States of America has long grappled with the problem of drugs and has form time to time initiated measures to combat the usage and trafficking of drugs. It is common knowledge that the various wars that have been part of the combat program of several administrations have failed miserably despite the availability of a great deal of resources, added to the colossal funding process. This is in addition to the numerous governmental agencies that operate to curb the drug trade and trafficking. Though the threat of drug usage and illegal trade is looming large, the danger is not always as proportionate as it is painted.
A certain amount of exaggeration that goes along factual details so as to create a sense of grave emergency that would work out to political benefits. ut it cannot also be regarded that the threat of drugs and their usage is…
Bibliography
DEA Resources for law enforcement agencies, Intelligence Reports' Retrieved at http://www.dea.gov/pubs/intel/02046/02046.html . Accessed on March 25, 2004
Drug Control Budget: U.S. 1981-2000' Retrieved at http://www.a1b2c3.com/drugs/law12.htm . Accessed on March 25, 2004
National Drug Control Strategy - 2001 - ONDCP' Retrieved at http://www.ncjrs.org/ondcppubs/publications/policy/ndcs01/chap4.html . Accessed on March 25, 2004
US RI: Edu Column: What are we fighting for?' Retrieved at http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v03/n1535/a06.html?116Accessed on March 26, 2004
Political Leader:
Politicians and politics are terms that usually elicit fascination in nearly every conversation and discussion. Actually, it seems like people have some fascination with evaluation of political leaders resulting in the fact that biographies of current political figures become best sellers. In addition, the tragedies and triumphs of political leaders attract huge public attention as they become newspaper headlines. One of the major reasons for the increased fascination is because of curiosity about the personal characteristics, individual preferences, decision making processes, and the beliefs and work of these leaders. However, most of the analysis and learning about the personalities and leadership styles of these leaders is always carried out in a cursory manner. People have been forced to rely on analysis of what political leaders say as a means of learning their individual characteristics and leadership styles (Hermann, 2002). Nonetheless, it's still important to examine and understand the…
References:
Hermann, M.G. (2002, November 13). Assessing Leadership Style: A Trait Analysis. Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://socialscience.net/docs/lta.pdf
Mascuilli, J., Molchanov, M.A. & Knight, W.A. (n.d.). Political Leadership in Context.
Retrieved November 28, 2013, from http://www.ashgate.com/pdf/SamplePages/Ashgate_Research_Companion_to_Political_Leadership_Intro.pdf
McKeown, L. (2012, October 23). 3 Lousy Leadership Traits from the Campaign Trail.
Politics
Third World America: How Our Politicians are Abandoning the Middle Class and Betraying the American Dream
The Third World America book, written by Arianna Huffington, is designed to show the current state of the United States, and how politicians are not actually taking care of the American people they are elected to protect and serve. The main thesis is that the original political system that was created when the country was founded has been so radically changed now as to be nearly unrecognizable. Everything that has been done to the system, especially in more recent years, has resulted in a move away from what the country was allegedly supposed to provide to what benefits only politicians, those who are "somebody," and the very rich. Often this group is comprised of the same people, but there are discrepancies, as well. Not everyone who is considered "important" in the United States…
Media Control in Egypt
The media in Egypt is much more controlled than in many other countries, including the United States. That control began with President Gamal Abdel Nasser, moved through Anwar Sadat, and then on to Hosni Mubarak. During that time, the television and newspapers were strictly controlled, and only what the president wanted people to see was placed in them. There is significant evidence that the control of the media in Egypt was done largely to oppress the people, and to make sure they were only hearing and seeing what the government wanted them to hear and see. Social, political, and economic factors are all significant in the control of the Egyptian media, which many believe should be uncontrolled and independent. That would allow it to provide actual, factual information, instead of only what the government agreed that the people were allowed to know.
Introduction
The Egyptian media…
References
Amin, Hussein, and I- Chapter One: General Status. "Report on the State of the Media in Egypt." The Arab Center for the Development of the Rule of Law and Integrity Project Title: Strengthening the Rule of Law and Integrity in the Arab World Report on the State of the Media in Egypt Second Draft Author: Dr. Hussein Amin. Arab Rule of Law. (n.d.). Web.
"Egypt." Freedom House. 2012. Web.
Elmasry, Mohamed Hamas. Journalism with Restraint: A Comparative Content Analysis of Independent, Government, and Opposition Newspapers in Pre-Revolution Egypt. 2012. Web.
El Zahed, Hala. "Egyptian Press and the Transition to Democracy." Egyptian Press and the Transition to Democracy: A Study of the Conditions and Challenges Facing National Print Media Post. 2011. Web.
Full creativity allows the production of greater wealth, for a stronger and more evolved society.
Further in defense of the moral systems or perceived lack thereof in terms of newly created wealth, D'Souza asserts that most wealth currently created is the result of personal effort, rather than means such as inheritance. The wealth can then indeed be seen as the reward for effort, rather than wealth as a result of luck in its pure sense. Morality's role should then not be concerned so much with justifying the accumulated wealth, but rather with using it wisely for the benefit of humanity, creativity, freedom and evolution.
Another characteristic of freedom, as seen above, is the recognition of new and revolutionary ideas, and implementing those when they are superior to the old. In terms of economy this is as true as in terms of morals. Those in power for example refuse to accept…
WARFARE RULES OF ENGAGEENT (EDIT CUSTOER'S DRAFT)
One of the most contentious issues in contemporary warfare is the concept of rules of engagement (ROE). Just as the Vietnam War highlighted the concept in the 1960s, America's current involvement in Afghanistan provides the contextual background in the early 21st Century. In principle, ROI ensure that combat troops comply with the international conventions of warfare, even if our enemies are not. The Commander-in-Chief strongly supports ROI concept at both the philosophical and practical level, aiming to balance military objectives and politics. Nevertheless, problems have emerged, with the application of the primacy of rules of engagement in the field.
ost significantly, military leaders sometimes focus so much on ROE that soldiers in the field are handicapped operationally. Pausing to consider rules of engagement is less practical in the field than it is in theory. Sometimes, the cloud of ROE results in soldiers' become…
Michael Jenkins is a decorated combat veteran who has received the Department of the Army's highest award for his service. According to Jenkins (2013) "the Rules of Engagement in Afghanistan created an unwanted psychology in our soldiers (and) the fear of retribution and the fear of being court-martialed pre-destined the forces to lose against the nation's enemies." Jenkins understands what the ROE dilemma and how ROE-manipulation generates more of a hindrance than a help to the soldier in the field: "the ROE have become an enemy, soldiers are afraid to take risks" (Jenkins, 2013).
It can be argued that soldiers, under the duress of combat, need the ability to react in sometimes unstructured manners; they need authority and autonomy to take certain risks without fear of reprisal or retribution from superiors. At a minimum, they should have the right to protect themselves from direct threats to their lives instead of being burdened with guidelines that "can be entangled with political agendas and philosophies" (Vallely, 2013, para 3).
According to Zinke (2014), the ROE in Afghanistan seem to be making "Afghan dwellings virtual safe
The Federal Security Service (FSB) will monitor the law's enforcement. If it finds that foreigners have been buying up shares in strategic enterprises via front firms, the Russian government will have the right to protest against such purchase in court. (Quoted by Anderson, 2008, 57)
If the FSB garners authority to monitor all cash flows and transactions allegedly in order to protect Russia from foreign control, implications could extend to Russia, seizing foreign-owned private property. The economic future does not look too propitious for foreign investors.
Most ominously, as Anderson (2008) points out, it is no longer the private company that will sell itself, but Russia that will now serve as its marketing agent. What this implies is that promotion of the firm will now transfer to promotion of the state, creating a potentially conflictual situation for the West where Russia will attempt to maximize its show of national power…
Stimulus Bill Political Communication
Political Communication during the Stimulus Bill Debate
In times of economic uncertainty and national emergency, the government has the capacity to make decisions that it believes will aid the country in its time of need. Such a time of need occurred in 2009 when the country continued to face an existence of dire economic circumstances involving national cash-flow and jobs. In order to set economic recovery into motion, President Obama called for the passing of the American ecovery and einvestment Act of 2009 (AA), otherwise regarded as the stimulus bill. While such a bill was considered pivotal by many government officials in order to get the country back on its feet, crucial differences in policy and bill structure could be viewed in assessing the opinions Democrats and epublicans brought to the floor in terms of the bill's passing. In understanding the basis of the bill itself,…
References
Alarkon, W. (2009 January 25). Boehner says he will vote no on stimulus. The Hill. Web.
Retrieved from: http://www.thehill.com/leading-the-news/boehner-says-he-will-vote-no-on-stimulus-2009-01-25.html on 19 October 2011.
Associated Press. (2009 February 2). Obama calls Senate stimulus vote a good start.
Web. Retrieved from: http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/29118636 / on 19 October 2011.
As a result, the trustee representation in American has not served the nation's interests since representatives have continued to work for their personal interests. Actually, these representatives continue to strictly support the best interests of their political party and corporate sponsors ("ho is the Boss?" par, 6).
The main reason attributed to the tendency by politicians to serve the interests of their political party and corporate sponsors at the expense of the nation's interests is the huge amounts of money in today's politics in the United States. The perversion of the trustee model of representation by politicians is evident in the tendency by these elected officials to vote against issues that majority of voters support.
In light of these facts, the delegate model of representation may not be the most suitable means for the American population. Even with this kind of model, elected officials are likely to continue supporting the…
Works Cited:
Fox, Justin, and Kenneth W. Shotts. "Delegates or Trustees? A Theory of Political Accountability." Yale University. Yale University, 23 June 2007. Web. 16 May 2013. .
REHFELD, ANDREW. "Representation Rethought: On Trustees, Delegates, and Gyroscopes in the Study of Political Representation and Democracy." American Political Science Review 103.2 (2009): 214-30. Brown University. Brown University, May 2009. Web. 16 May 2013. .
Rosenfeld, Zachary. "Are Republicans Fielding a Delegate When America Wants a Trustee?" The Citizen: The Official Student Newpaper at Harvard Kennedy School. The Citizen, 24 Feb. 2012. Web. 16 May 2013. .
RUSSELL, MATTHEW. "TRUSTEE or DELEGATE: A LEGITIMATE QUESTION FACING POLITICAL REPRESENTATION." STUDENT RESEARCH BRIEFING SERIES 2.2 (2012): 1-26. DEPARTMENT of POLITICAL SCIENCE ~ TUFTS UNIVERSITY. TUFTS UNIVERSITY, 2012. Web. 16 May 2013. .
Prevailing Legal Theory in the United States Today
Common legal theories in the United States today
The most commonly-espoused legal theories in the media today are those of 'strict construction' and 'broad construction' (otherwise known as 'judicial activism.') Strict construction, according to its adherents, means strictly adhering to the 'letter of the law' and strictly interpreting the Constitution according to the original intent of the authors of the document. Strict construction uses a "literal and narrow definition of the language without reference to the differences in conditions when the Constitution was written and modern conditions, inventions and societal changes" (Sollum 2009). Strict construction interpreters have been highly critical of decisions such as Brown v. Board of Education, which examined evidence of the psychological impact of segregation upon young, African-American children and oe v. Wade, which created a test of viability for the fetus while protecting women's absolute right to choose…
References
Carmona, Ana Julia Bozo. (1999). Toward a postmodern theory of law. Paideia project.
Retrieved May 24, 2011 at http://www.bu.edu/wcp/Papers/Law/LawBozo.htm
Jones, Jeffrey. (2009). Americans in agreement with Supreme Court on gun rights. Gallup.
Retrieved May 24, 2011 at http://www.gallup.com/poll/108394/Americans-Agreement-Supreme-Court-Gun-Rights.aspx
Evolution be Taught in Schools?
Introduction / Thesis (Part One)
The debate between those that believe in creationism -- or "intelligent design," a refined offshoot of the creationism theory -- and those who believe in the science of evolution, spilled over into the schools in the United States many years ago. Conservative Christians and others who are in denial vis-a-vis Charles Darwin's research and theory argue that at the very least their religious-based theories should be placed side-by-side in public school textbooks. Scientists, biologists, teachers, scholars and others who accept the empirical nature of scientific evolution have battled to keep creationism and intelligent design (ID) out of the science textbooks -- with some degree of success albeit in certain conservative communities and states politicians and school board members have overruled logic by those insisting that ID be part of science textbooks. Some objective scholarship sees this debate as another example…
Works Cited
Antolin, Michael F., and Herbers, Joan M. (2001). Perspective: Evolution's Struggle for Existence in America's Public Schools. International Journal of Organic Evolution, 55(12),
2379-2388.
Armenta, Tony, and Lane, Kenneth E. (2010). Tennessee to Texas: Tracing the Evolution
Controversy in Public Education. The Clearing House, 86(3), 76-79.
Machiavelli, Luther, And Muntzer
Must a good politician be morally bad? In the context of the Reformation, this question revolves around how Christians would define what is "morally bad" had become suddenly and seriously complicated by competing definitions of what constitutes "morally good" behavior. The rhetoric very often yielded more heat than light: Luther's and Muntzer's apparently sincere eschatological belief that the Vatican was to be identified with the hore of Babylon in the Book of Revelations made the question of cooperation with wicked temporal powers more than a purely academic one. Yet it is arguably the religious situation of Roman Catholicism in the first place that leads to the ethical differences in the political philosophies of Machiavelli, Luther and Muntzer. Indeed, the religious distinction that Luther upheld against the Vatican -- insisting on salvation sola fide, by faith alone, rather than by deeds -- indicates that in response to…
Works Cited
Luther, Martin. "Temporal Authority: To What Extent It Should Be Obeyed" (1523).
Machiavelli, Niccolo. The Prince. Translated by W.K. Marriott. Project Gutenberg; n pag. Web.
Muntzer, Thomas. "The Prague Protest" (1521).
Muntzer, Thomas. "A Highly Provoked Defense" (September, 1524)
Protective Service Operations
Comparison and Contrast of the considerations and special problems the protective service agent
Providing security or protection to VIPs is still in its initial phase and has been occupied by groups and agencies, which differ in quality as well as dependability. The security provided to VIPs such as, politicians and diplomats are handled and governed by trained and skillful personnel having a uniform code of ethics and operations. While, these groups are well outfitted to do their job efficiently, they are quite dissimilar compared to those who offer security to the business executives and celebrities. As these later agencies are usually owned and governed by the ex-army-men or ex-police recruits. Whereupon, these agencies look on this area of business as a great opportunity to mature and grow as it has been their core career skills. But what these agencies lack are high technology equipments and skilled employees…
References
Cox, D. (2001). Close Protection: The Politics of Guarding Russia's Rulers. Westport, CT.
Oatman, R.L., (1999). The art of executive protection. Baltimore, Noble House.
This was because of some of the reforms that he introduced for corporations, for public spending, environmental protection and transportation sectors. Since powerful LDP members had vested interests in these sectors, they did not approve of all the reforms and hence were wary of Koizumi and his brand of politics.
Economic problems
The articles about Koizumi and Abe suggest that Japan suffers from serious economic problems that the political system cannot resolve. Why not? What are the political obstacles to changing Japanese politics? How does it relate to the Johnson reading?
Japan has had enormous economic success over the decades but lately its problems are negating the effects of earlier successes. I cannot agree with the opinion that economic problems cannot be solved through political means. Even though other factors do play in, it is the political system that determines the path economy will take. By political system, we mean…
References
Tomohito Shinoda. Koizumi Diplomacy: Japan's Kantei Approach to Foreign and Defense Affairs University of Washington Press (April 15, 2007)
Chalmers A. Johnson. Japan: Who Governs?: The Rise of the Developmental State W.W. Norton & Company (March 1995)
A b) Consider the articles on behavioral economics at http://myweb.liu.edu/~uroy/eco54/histlist/behav-econ/index.html. Summarizethe main thrust of some of these articles. Based on these articles, what's your opinion of behavioral economics? Do you think behavioral economics represents a return to Veblen's ideas?
In many respects it can be agreed that behavioral economics has much in common with Veblen's theories. Behavioral economists agree with Veblen that in most cases humans act illogically, because they are driven by instincts rather than by pure reason.
Thorstein Veblen stated that economic processes are mainly affected by evolution, social relations, political situation and other factors which are more global than circulation of money and accumulation of wealth. His ideas of social relations domination in economics have much in common with ideas of behavioral economists, who state that economy is much affected by psychological factor, or behavior of social groups.
It's proved by a number of applied researches held…
References
Backhouse, Roger the ordinary business of life
Krugman, Paul Two cheers for Formalism available at http://web.mit.edu/krugman/www/ formal.html
Whalen, Charles J. Putting a Human Face on Economics Business week online 2001 available at http://myweb.liu.edu/~uroy/eco54/histlist/behav-econ/behav-finance.htm
Diop, Julie Explaining the Irrational Technology Review, November 2002
21st Century American 'Democracy': The Best Government that Money Can Buy
ithin polarized, interest group-dominated 21st century United States life, most Americans still cling to the idea, despite abundant evidence to the contrary, that we live in a democracy. In today's America, however, that idea is more quaint than accurate. Instead, as the article suggests, America is more a pseudo-democracy than a real one, in which special interest groups (and, as their representatives, high-priced lobbyists they can afford to hire) shape national political, social, economic, health, environmental, and most, if not all, other national agendas for us (although definitely not on our behalf). Meanwhile, a destructive combination of voter apathy (especially among, but not limited to, working-class individuals and minority group members, who feel especially detached) gives us, instead of democracy, the best government money can buy.
ebster's New American Dictionary defines "democracy" as: "1: government by the people; esp:…
Works Cited
"Democracy." Webster's New American Dictionary. New York: Merriam-
Webster, 1995, p. 138.
Tocqueville, Alexis de. Democracy in America. New York: Signet, September
2001. 42-43.
38); a Prince should also appear to keep at least some of the old ways so the people will readily accept the new ways (Machiavelli, Discourses on the first decade of Titus Livius, 2007, p. 98). hile the circumstances may change, it is clear that a Prince must be willing and able to manipulate appearances in order to convince others to give their power over to him.
3. Conclusion
Niccolo Machiavelli's ideas on appearance, reality and power stem from his background and place in the political shifts of 16th Century Italy. A career politician who used and was used by the politics of the time, Machiavelli developed certain unvarnished "truths" about gaining and retaining power. It was during his political exile that he wrote the Prince, his most famous work and a book that is still read 500 years after its publication. For Machiavelli, reality was quite different from the…
Works Cited
De Grazia, S. (1994). Machiavelli in Hell. New York, NY: First Vintage Books.
Machiavelli, N. (2007). Discourses on the first decade of Titus Livius. Charleston, SC: Bibliobazaar.
Machiavelli, N. (2009). The Prince. Toronto: Prohyptikon Publishing, Inc.
Nederman, C. (2005, September 13). Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy: Niccolo Machiavelli. Retrieved April 10, 2013 from plato.stanford.edu Web site: http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/machiavelli/
Building Political Support Through Church:
How Politics Affects Community
America is a country founded on the right to religious freedom. Upon the creation of its laws, the founding fathers created a religious-based constitution. Throughout the many decades, lawmakers have found it just to change particular portions in order to make it more generally accepted by all religions. The lines between law and religion have been skewed, and the way in which a politician may build support through religion has become extremely sensitive. Because religion affects community, as does the politician, it is important to examine as to how and how much.
Whether or not one is religious or of a particular religion, they may benefit from the religious community's efforts. Religion has long been a force of unity, and those with strong religious practices are often good citizens and good neighbors in a community (McKanan, 2010). Religion contributes to its…
Despite America's devotion to faith, there has been growth in violent crime, illegitimacy, substance abuse, and welfare dependency (Fagan, 1996). There are very few topics that divide a room quicker than politics and religion (Managing Communities, 2011), but the two must be addressed in respect for one another when policy makers create law (Fagan, 1996). When recently questioned about his faith, President Barack Obama replied, "My faith shapes my values, but applying those values to policymaking must be done with principles that are accessible to all people, religious or not (Obama, 2006)." However, despite America's comfort with religion and churches expressing themselves politically, intertwining the two has become a sensitive subject (People Press, 2000). In fact, many political figures use their religion to relate to potential voters (Cline, 1998), while some politicians use their opponents religion as a weapon to use against their opponent (The Economist, 2010).
How politicians must demonstrate their faith is best exemplified through Thomas Jefferson. He declared his religion, and doubts thereof, and did not impose it on others (Kim, 2010). When considering law, policymakers should do the same, and must be aware of how religion affects their community. First, there is often considered to be a link between family strength and practice of religion. Religious beliefs help form one's morals, as religion often demotes suicide, drug abuse, out-of-wedlock births, crime, and divorce. The regular practice of religion is said to also help mental health, self-esteem, and family and marital happiness. It also assists in strength and recovery from alcoholism, drug addiction, marital breakdown, and killer disease (Fagan, 1996). Without considering these factors when signing in new laws, policymakers will be ignoring crucial facts about their community.
Religion plays a key role in a community in America. Though the lines between law and religion are gray, policy makers must determine how to use religion to their advantage. The people they represent are of different religions, and not respectfully listening to all of them could harm or insult the community.
Molnar feels that the president of the United States is using his son's life, and the lives of many other soldiers, as a tool to further his own political career. He feels that the United States had a shoddy foreign policy for more than a decade and, just as the pressure cooker began to explode, began to try to remedy the situation with a bandage. Molnar contends that the United States is not behaving in the best interest of the people, but is only acting to secure cheap oil and continue using 25 to 30% of this natural resource. The alternative view is that the president had the welfare of the people in mind when he sent soldiers off to the Persian Gulf, and that it was necessary to send troops to the Gulf in order to avoid the possibility of an oil shortage in the United States. In his…
eligion and Politics
Some groups hold the view that faith groups and other institutions have a very significant role to play within the political arena and that they have a duty to enter the political fight and they expect the government to remain supportive of this obligation. However, the argument of this article suggest that religious / faith groups and institutions should never have the chance of forming political parties and they should never try to posses influence in the workings of government for their views as well as values by finding their way to the realm of political discourse and any attempts to elect their own politicians.
Different countries have their varying degrees of separation between government or politics and religious institutions. A number of countries have moved a head and set up explicit barriers between church and state since the 1780s. The constitution of the United States has…
Reference
Daniel L. Dreisbach (2006) "The Mythical "Wall of Separation": How a Misused Metaphor Changed Church -- State Law, Policy, and Discourse." Retrieved May 28, 2014. http://www.heritage.org/research/reports/2006/06/the-mythical-wall-of-separation-how-a-misused-metaphor-changed-church-state-law-policy-and-discourse
James Leon Holmes and Jeremy Holmes (2003) From Aristotle to Jefferson: Christianity and the Separation of Church and State. Retrieved May 28, 2014. http://cssronline.org/CSSR/Archival/2003/Holmes%2520article.pdf
Jefferson, Thomas (1802). Jefferson's Letter to the Danbury Baptists. U.S. Library of Congress.
Locke, John (2002). Political Writings. Cambridge Texts in the History of Political Thought.Ed. Mark Goldie. CUP: Cambridge, Retrieved May 28, 2014. http://www.iep.utm.edu/locke-po/
Meanwhile, Huckabee supports local political jurisdictions passing laws that punish undocumented immigrants, and he asserts those laws "protect the economic well-being, physical safety, and quality of life" for citizens in those communities. By using "physical safety" Huckabee frames this issue in the context that immigrants are criminals out to harm people. But the Immigration Policy Center (IPC) (Rumbaut, et al., 2007) reports that "Foreign-born Mexicans" had an incarceration rate" of 0.7% in 2000, "more than 8 times lower than the 5.9% of native-born males of Mexican descent." And while the "undocumented population has doubled to 12 million since 1994," violent crime in the U.S. has declined 34.2%, the IPC reports.
Moreover, according to the American Immigration Law Foundation (Esbenshade, 2007) local ordinances such as the ones Huckabee believes in (that make it illegal to rent to undocumented immigrants, for example) - if they conflict with federal immigration law - are…
Works Cited
Dougherty, Michael Brendan. "The Audacity of Huck: The Religious Right roils the Establishment by backing one of its own." The American Conservative 7.2 (2008): 6-8.
Esbenshade, Jill. "Division and Dislocation: Regulating Immigration through Local Housing
Ordinances." American Immigration Law Foundation. Retrieved 7 February 2008, at http://www.ailf.org/ipc/special_report/sr_sept07.shtml.
Guidelines for Writing a Rhetorical Analysis. "The Guidelines." Retrieved 6 February, 2008 from http://core.ecu.edu/engl/snyderh/1100/raguide.html
This lead was accomplished through a partnership nearly a half-century old among government, industry and academia. I member of that partnership was the National Science Foundation (NSF). As Strawn noted, early on, scientists and engineers at American universities began to join the young APANet, as they worked on basic research funded primarily by the NSF. Acknowledging this, the NSF began supporting national supercomputing centers, in the mid-1980s, as a means of giving American scientists, engineers, and students greater access to high-performance computing that was state of the art, and developed Computer Science Network (CSNET).
Creation of these national supercomputer centers by NSF was critical to the development of the Internet. To further enhance U.S. scientists' access to these centers, NSF established the NSFNET national backbone network that connected the NSF supercomputing centers to U.S. universities. NSF also promoted the creation of regional networks to connect colleges and universities to the…
References
Bellis, M. Inventors of the Modern Computer. 2007. About.com. November 7, 2007 http://inventors.about.com/library/weekly/aa091598.htm .
Brief History of the Internet. 10 Dec 2003. Internet Society. November 7, 2007 http://www.isoc.org/internet/history/brief.shtml .
Cold War. 2003. National Park Service. November 7, 2007 http://www.nps.gov/archive/elro/glossary/cold-war.htm .
DARPA Over the Years. 27 Oct 2003. DARPA. November 7, 2007 http://www.darpa.mil/body/overtheyears.html .
If the parents are loving and supportive, their own unit will probably remain intact and even grow stronger. Outside forces could create many sociological impacts on the family, from censure to even loss of careers. In addition, the altering of values inside the family may pave the way for sociological change in the family members in the future. As sociologist Noble states, "Today most people continue to spend most of their lifetime in nuclear family relationships though they undergo continuing changes in their aspirations and expectations as the structural and demographic circumstances of their lives change" (Noble, 1998). Thus, the two young children in the family may create families of their own that differ from the makeup of their own family, and recognize the diversity of society and family members. The sociological implications of the problem are many, and the family will have to weather them to stay together and…
References
Dentler, R.A. (2002). Practicing sociology: Selected fields. Westport, CT: Praeger.
Eatwell, R. (2003). Then theories of the extreme right. Retrieved from the University of Bath staff Web site: http://staff.bath.ac.uk/mlsre/MerklandWeinberg.htm20 Dec. 2006. (note, this is not an "edu" Web site, but it is a university web site for staff members of the university.
Folsom, J.K. (1934). The family: Its sociology and social psychiatry. New York: John Wiley & Sons.
Kearl, M.C. (2006). Sociology of the family. Retrieved from the Trinity University Web site: http://www.trinity.edu/~mkearl/family.html20 Dec. 2006.
In this vein, the EU judges in Strasbourg will be much more likely to respect guidelines that are set out in UK
courts and legislation. The European Court would, with the introduction of a British
Bill of Rights likely give greater leeway to British judges. The repealing of the Human Rights of 18 would limit the influence of British judges over the interpretation of pertinent legislation by enshrining the central features of the Act that reflect the English common law. At the very least, if
British judges feel that acts of Parliament are wholly incompatible with the European
Convention or with EU law.
To be effective as a complete solution to the problems which we have identified above a British Bill of Rights also would need to be accompanied by reforms which reinstate the British
Parliament's role as the sovereign authority over the whole legislative process. This would not be…
9 Merris Amos, 'Problems with the Human Rights Act 1998 and How to Remedy Them: Is a Bill of Rights the Answer
', The Modern Law Review, 2009, Volume 72, Issue 6, 883.
10 Daniel Martin, 'Now Even Europe's Human Rights Chief Admits British Bill of Rights is the Right Thing to Do', (Daily Mail, 27th October 2011), http://www.dailymail.co.uk/news/article-2054403/Now-Europes-human-rights-chief-admits-British-Bill-Rights-right-thing-do.html ..
Official Language Movement: Hispanic Cultural Interest
The focus of this work is the official language movement and bilingualism in education politics in the United States, which is an important Hispanic-American cultural interest.
One of the fastest growing groups in the United States is the group of Hispanics and it was reported in the 1990 U.S. census that there were 22.4 million Hispanics or Latinos in the United States, which was up from 14.5 million in 1980. (Garcia, 2011, paraphrased) Hispanics are reported to be concentrated in the states of California, New York, Florida, Texas and Illinois, all of these states that when taken together "comprise over half of the electoral vote majority needed for election to the presidency." (Garcia, 2011)
Age a Key Factor that Limits Political Participation
There are several factors that are reported to hinder the political participation of Hispanics as well as hindering their development "into a…
References
Constitutional: Official Language (2011) U.S. Constitution Online. Retrieved from: http://www.usconstitution.net/consttop_lang.html
Garcia, Maria-Cristina (2011) Hispanic-Americans: An Under-Represented Group in American Politics. ARNET. Retrieved from: http://www.americansc.org.uk/Online/garcia.htm
Huntington, Samuel (2004) The Hispanic Challenge. Foreign Policy. May 2004. Retrieved from: http://cyber.law.harvard.edu/blogs/gems/culturalagency1/SamuelHuntingtonTheHispanicC.pdf
Political ealignment
Curse
a) Are we in the midst of a political realignment in America?
Political realignment is an aspect, which is in evitable in America. It is evident that the political scenes in America today are changing from one state to the other. It is clear across the nation that realignment is not only bringing significant changes in the political scenes, but the changes are evident and are affecting the social and economic circles too. The big picture in political circles in America is that of minority parties rising up to become the most influential across the board. On the other hand, people in the majority parties have to stir up their confidence to catch up with the completion. In this context, political realignment is one of the major features in America (Winograd & Hais, 2009).
b) What role will social capital play in fostering / hindering the realignment?…
References
Miller, A.H. (February 9. 2012). Jews, Party Identification, and Political Realignment.Daily Digest. http://pjmedia.com/blog/jews-party-identification-and-political-realignment/
Putnam, R.D. (2000) Bowling alone: The collapse and revival of American community. New York: Simon & Schuster (Touchstone).
Wattenberg, M.P. (2008) Is voting for young people? New York, NY: Pearson Longman. (ISBN 10: 0-205-51807-9, ISBN 13: 978-0-205-51807-4)
Winograd, M. & Hais, M.D. (2009) Millennial makeover: MySpace, YouTube and the future of American politics: New Jersey: Rutgers Press
Lake of the Woods by Tim O'Brien presents the image of the typical mystery; however, as the story unfolds it quickly becomes apparent that it is a story of complex psychological underpinnings. Almost from the opening page it is easily apparent that Kathy Wade, the main character John's wife, will disappear and that her disappearance will remain unresolved. What makes the novel intriguing, however, are the psychological factors underlying the causes of Kathy's disappearance.
The novel's main character is a 40-year-old politician John Wade suffering from Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. John is a morally confused individual who has recently suffered a humiliating defeat in his run for the United States Senate. In an effort to escape from the rigors of public scrutiny in the wake of this defeat the Wades move themselves to an isolated cabin on a lake in the Minnesota woodlands. In a twist of fate, however, old…
Reference List
National Institute of Mental Health, Post-Traumatic Street Disorder, referenced on November 27, 2010, http://www. Nihm.nih.gov/health/topics/post-traumatic
2 Tim O'Brien, In the Lake of the Woods, Penquin Books, (1995), p.215
Id at p. [3: ]
4 See Tim O'Brien, The Vietnam in Me," The New York Times Magazine, October 3, 1994, pp. 48-57.
Criminal Justice System
Challenges of Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) to law enforcement
Law enforcement agencies view the Mara Salvatrucha (MS-13) the most harmful street gang in the U.S. The aggressive nature of MS-13 members have led to a variety of killings and terrible beatings. Various trials held in New York and Maryland have led to significant jail terms even extending to life imprisonment for MS-13 members. The FBI was first attracted by violence, but proof of the gang's escalating level of organization has drawn public attention. Organization is an indicator of a future where MS-13 is will be a transnational network of criminals extending from the United States to suburban communities in a multitude of U.S. towns (Mandel, 2013).
Despite functions of violence, it is worrying to note that MS-13 movement is improving its structure and organization. Many major security experts are comparing it to the illegal groups of the 50s…
References
Erbschloe, M. (2001). Information Warfare How To Survive Cyber Attacks. New York: Osborne/McGraw-Hill.
Mandel, R. (2013). Global Security Upheaval Armed Nonstate Groups Usurping State Stability Functions. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Scheck, B. (2010). 250 Exonerated, Too Many Wrongfully Convicted: An Innocence Project Report On The First 250 DNA Exonerations In The U.S. New York: Benjamin N. Cardozo School of Law, Yeshiva University.
Siegel, L., & Senna, J. (2009). Essentials of Criminal Justice (6th Ed.). Belmont, CA: Wadsworth Cengage Learning.
evisionist historian often seek to find non-Christian association among the lives of the founding fathers, such as the Freemasons, and Humanism, yet it is clear that these organizations were not dominant to religion and that a strong Protestant ethic still reigned supreme, especially in the language of the foundational documents of the nation.
Fundamentalism
Fundamentalism has in fact created a more recent expression in modern America as churches attempt to "go back to the word" and support the idea that the scripture of the church is divine and unfailing. Though interpretations are varied in this group in general they espouse and return to "family values" via some "golden era" ideals regarding the past.
At its base, fundamentalism was compatible with the religiosity of the people, for both assumed the reality of supernatural power and the prevalence of supernatural forces at work in the world. By stressing such theological notions as…
References
Domke, D., & Coe, K. (2007). The God Strategy: The Rise of Religious Politics in America. Journal of Ecumenical Studies, 42(1), 53.
Harries, R. (2003). After the Evil: Christianity and Judaism in the Shadow of the Holocaust. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Lippy, C.H. (1994). Being Religious, American Style: A History of Popular Religiosity in the United States. Westport, CT: Praeger.
McDermott, R.A. (1993). The Spiritual Mission of America. Re-vision, 16(1), 15-25.