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However, because of the long-term sustained economic growth engendered by dual-income families, wages have increased. Women have also increasingly sought professional degrees to further their earning power, to the point where they outnumber men on many college campuses across the nation. As the average household income has increased, more goods and services are being purchased overall and prices have gone up -- although the prices of many 'necessary' goods such as food now occupies a smaller percentage of the income of the average middle-class family. Thus the primary result of the expansion of women in the workforce has been its role in "help[ing] fuel economic growth for decades" (Porter 2007).
Women still tend to earn less than men. However, this fact has had an unintended positive effect for women in the wake of the recent recession -- because male labor tends to be more expensive, businesses are often more likely to 'let go' males than their female counterparts. And the recession's effects have been disproportionately in male-dominated industries: "Of the 5.1 million jobs that have disappeared, a full 20% have been lost in construction, almost entirely by men. Another 20.6%...
Meanwhile, employment in the female-dominated fields of education and health services has increased by 12% since the recession began. In total, 78% of the jobs lost in this recession have been lost by men" (Eaves 2009). This indicates that traditionally female jobs provide essential services, such as healthcare for an increasingly elderly population, and education. These jobs cannot be easily downsized. These statistics suggest that in the long-term, American women's steadier sources of employment, such as teaching and nursing, may sustain the economy through this difficult period in our nation's economic history.
References
Eaves, Elisabeth. (2009, April 10). In this recession, men drop out. Forbes.
Retrieved February 12, 2010 at http://www.forbes.com/2009/04/09/employment-men-women-recession-opinions-columnists-gender-roles.html
Porter, Eduardo. (2006, March 2).Women in workplace -- trend is reversing the New York
Times. Retrieved February 12, 2010 at http://articles.sfgate.com/2006-03-02/news/17285004_1_stay-at-home-mothers-fathers-spend-more-time-suzanne-bianchi
Leticia Herrera, president of ECI, which is a full service maintenance company based in Chicago states that the setbacks often take places as women stereotype themselves. Women should no longer be seen as 'special entities of businesses'. They are simple and plain entrepreneurs. but, many times Hispanic women are typecast into thinking that because of their gender they can not contend, give quality services, or become victorious business owners.
Instead of pretending that racism and its effects no longer exist, we need to strengthen affirmative action and devise a new set of policies that directly tackle the racial gap in wealth." (Derrity, 1). That, in a nutshell, is the position of this paper. America has not given affirmative action enough time to act. Moving forward, we should continue our affirmative action policies, but with an end in mind. Economists
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