Economy Essays (Examples)

Economy of china is one of the largest economies in the world after the United States of America. Over the years it has been regarded as the fastest growing economy in the world registering the highest number of exports and imports. This has been attributed to high population that the economy has to support. As a result, the economy has improved which has been reflected in terms of the infrastructure development as seen in certain sections of the country which have been heavily industrialized. The current GDP growth rate is estimated to be at 7.4% while the rate of inflation is estimated at 5.4%. Chinese economic system up to the late 90's was faced with a situation where the state owned enterprises took control of certain industries and controlled the financial system. In the early 70's the economic growth was low compared to the western economies therefore most of the…

References

Anmin Chen, (2009). Thirty years of Chinese Reform- Transition from Planned Economy to Market Economy. Retrieved October 18, 2012 from  http://ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/ass/article/download/212/174 

Gao Xu, (2010). State Owned enterprises in China: How profitable are they? Retrieved October 18, 2012 from  http://blogs.worldbank.org/eastasiapacific/state-owned-enterprises-in-china-how-profitable-are-they 

Russell Huebsch, (2007). How China's Transition to a Market Economy Propelled it Past Russia's reform in the 90's. Retrieved October 18, 2012 from  http://voices.yahoo.com/how-chinas-transition-market-economy-propelled-703675.html 

Suarafel Girma, Yundan Gong & Holger Gorg, (n.d). What Determines Innovation activity in Chinese State- owned Enterprises. Retrieved October 18, 2012 from http://www.ifw-members.ifw-kiel.de/publications/what-determines-innovation-activity-in-chinese-state-owned-enterprises-the-role-of-foreign-direct-investment/wdev_rev_1.pdf

Economy

Based on the information provided by the St. Louis Fed, the GDP indicators for the U.S. are as follows. The real GDP growth is at 3%. The trend for this indicator is upward, as it has increased steadily over the past four quarters. Real GDP growth was on a downward slide for all of 2010, however, bringing it to a very low level at the end of the year, which is a contributing factor in the economy being able to enjoy steady growth in 2011.

The consumer price index is currently at 0.3%. The general trend is flat, as only once in the past 10 quarters has the rate been above 0.4%, and only twice was it below 0.2%. hile the CPI has fluctuated in the past two years, it has only done so within this narrow range.

Industrial production growth is at zero currently. The general trend is…

Works Cited:

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. (2011). National economic trends. Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis. Retrieved April 18, 2012 from  http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/net/page3.pdf

Economy in the News: Tax Cuts for Business

In today's current economic situation within the United States of America, citizens are increasingly interested in facets of the economy that were once able to fly under the radar with minimal notice from economic laymen. However, with the country still dealing with the effects of a massive recession, economic initiatives undertaken within the country have come under intense scrutiny from the American public, who have been continuously bombarded with news regarding these economic initiatives and their political ramifications through constant coverage in the mainstream media. One such economic initiative that has received massive coverage in the news and media is the topic of tax cuts for businesses. In viewing the basis for this economic decision, its micro-economic facets, and the affect that constant news coverage around the topic has had within the political spectrum and within the larger realm of public opinion,…

Works Cited

Cooper, Michael. "A Tax Cut May Carve Into the Budgets of 19 States." 2011 March 1.

The New York Times. Web. Retrieved from:  http://www.nytimes.com/2011/03  / 02 / us / politics / 02taxes.html [Accessed on 7 November 2011].

Fox, Justin. "Tax Cuts Don't Boost Revenues." 2007 December 5. Time Magazine. Web.

Retrieved from:  http://www.time.com/time/magazine/article/0,9171 , 1692027,00.html [Accessed on 7 November 2011].

Economy of the 21st century represents an economy which has undergone a complete metamorphosis from the old techniques of doing business to a completely new dynamic ways of conducting business which has largely been influenced by the increased technological advancement among the nations and the interconnections of the global markets. The transformation of the economies have been driven by the global shifts in consumptions, investments, savings, competition, political and environmental changes and the new rules of management where new business models have been put in place. The transformation of the work place has been given priority and today's workplace represents employees who are empowered and are more responsible with more emphasis on teamwork and productivity different from the old ways where power was centralized at the top.

Globalization has contributed largely to the opening up of the global markets and the interconnection of nations has improved due to the removal…

References

Adrianna J. Kezar, (2001).Understanding and Facilitating Organizational Change in the 21st

Century. Retrieved April 24, 2012 from  http://www.jcu.edu/academic/planassess/planning/files/Planning%20articles/organizational%20change.pdf 

Anne O. Krueger, (2006). The World Economy at the Start of the 21st Century. Retrieved April 24, 2012 from  http://www.imf.org/external/np/speeches/2006/040606.htm 

Thomas M & Michael S., ( 1999). Inventing the Organizations of the 21st Century.

economy has been showing slow, but steady improvement. I expect that it will continue on this pace for the next three quarters as a result of projects that have been made for the unemployment rates, GDP growth, and inflation. The rate of unemployment has steadily decreased with the rate being 8.2% for March 2012, which was a minor increase over February's rate of 8.3%. The rate in November had been 8.6%, so the rate has been slowly rising. March's report from the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics noted that 120,000 nonfarm jobs had been added to the manufacturing, restaurant, and health care industries, but the retail industry lost jobs. (Bureau of Labor Statistics, 2012). This in actuality went against economists' projections of 203,000 new jobs for March (Packowitz, 2012).

The GDP growth rate has been slow to improve, with hovering just below 3%. As in past recoveries from recessions, it…

Works Cited

Bureau of Labor Statistics: U.S. Department of Labor. (2012). Employment situation summary. Retrieved from  http://www.bls.gov/ news.release/empsit.nr0.htm

Economic Policy. Fiscal Policy. Retrieved from  http://www.shmoop.com/economic-policy-macroeconomics/fiscal-policy.html 

Economics Help. (2008). Policies for a Recession. Retrieved from  http://econ.economicshelp.org/2008/11/policies-for-recession.html 

Federal Reserve. Monetary Policy. Retrieved from  http://www.federalreserve.gov/monetarypolicy/

Economy

The current state of the U.S. economy is that the unemployment rate as of April 2012 is 8.1% and the consumer price index was flat for that month (BLS, 2012). The first quarter improvement in the GDP saw an increase of 2.2% (BEA, 2012). The current interest rates are rock bottom, at 0.15% for six months, 0.19% for one year, 0.84% for five years and 1.98% for ten years.

Five years ago, in spring of 2007, the U.S. economy was generally performing better. The housing market was starting to slump but the economy overall was not yet struggling. The yield curve was inverted, however. The six-month rates were 4.99%, the one year rate was 4.94%, the five-year rate was 4.78% and the ten-year rate was 4.86%. In the first quarter of 2007, GDP only grew 0.5%, but this was not the start of the recession as GDP grew in…

Works Cited:

BLS.gov. (2012). Website, various pages. Bureau of Labor Statistics. Retrieved May 20, 2012 from  http://www.bls.gov/ 

BEA.gov. (2012). Website, various pages. Bureau of Economic Analysis. Retrieved May 20, 2012 from  http://www.bea.gov/newsreleases/national/gdp/gdpnewsrelease.htm 

Treasury.gov. (2012). Daily Treasury yield curve rates. U.S. Department of the Treasury. Retrieved May 20, 2012 from  http://www.treasury.gov/resource-center/data-chart-center/interest-rates/Pages/TextView.aspx?data=yield 

St. Louis Fed. (2012). Personal saving rate. St. Louis Federal Reserve. Retrieved May 20, 2012 from  http://research.stlouisfed.org/fred2/data/PSAVERT.txt

Economy, Monetary Policy and Monopolies

The benchmark interest rate currently stands at 0.25% compared to 0.2500 that was registered in January 2011 (Trading economics, 2012). Meanwhile, the annual inflation has remained unchanged at 1.7% in June 2012. Inflation rate, here, means a general rise in prices measured against a standard level of purchasing power. GDP deflator and CPI are the most common measures of inflation. CPI measures consumer prices where as GDP deflator measures inflation in the entire domestic economy. Consumer price index for the urban consumers remained unchanged in June, 2012 albeit on a seasonally adjusted basis.

The last 12 months before June, 2012 registered an all items index of more than 1.7% before seasonal adjustments. The decline in index was offset by increases in indexes of for food and all items less food and energy. There was a fall in the energy index by a margin of 1.4%.…

References List

Amadeo, K. (2012). Monopoly. Retrieved August 13, 2012 from  http://useconomy.about.com/od/glossary/g/monopoly.htm 

Bureau of Labor Statistics. (2012). Employment situation summary. Retrieved August 13,

2012 from  http://www.bls.gov/ news.release/empsit.nr0.htm/

Frum, D. (2000). How we got here: The 70's. New York: Basic Books.

In addition, many assume that a capitalist free-market economy requires competition. However, Tanner posits that competition is not a necessary part of capitalism. She believes that the capitalist ideal is that of a "mutually beneficial competitive equilibrium." (Tanner, p. 106). At the very least, she posits that capitalism requires some level of non-competition, because the players in an economy have an incentive to avoid mutually destructive downward spirals. (Tanner, p. 106). A practical example cited by Tanner is that of paying workers more than a minimum or subsistence wage. She points out that while, theoretically, paying such a wage would maximize profits, it would ultimately damage the economy by making it impossible for the workforce to do two things that are essential to a sustainable economy: reproduce more workers and consume goods. (Tanner, p.106).

Although it seems unlikely that the world will ever wholly embrace a theological economy, there are…

Works Cited

Tanner, Kathryn. Economy of Grace. Minneapolis: Fortress Press, 2005.

Economy of Colonial America

Brief chronology of the initial economic developments of the colonies

Jamestown, Virginia colony was first to show signs of economic growth

Massachusetts Bay colonists buy corn from Indians

Literature generalizations and postulations on economy of colonies

Puritanism may have helped shape the capitalistic society to evolve

The strength of the British Navy altered colonial approach to economic growth

Colonial farmers' efforts were more towards self-sufficiency than wealth

Rate of Economic Growth in colonies

Colonial economy may have multiplied 25 times over a 120-year period of time

Average per capita annual income in 1650 was $572; in 1720 it was $826

Legislation was enacted requiring colonists to manufacture and use resources

In Virginia in 1661 a law passed ordering counties to establish tanneries

"bounties" were given to counties and cities to encourage production

E. Indentured Servitude was a big part of the colonial economy

1) An estimated…

5% growth rate. The only people that might pay attention to that are the huge corporate executives and we already know how hated that segment is. Economy did not help Bush and it will definitely become an even poorer supporter now that Democrats have swept the polls.

Before the elections, it was clear that Bush would use economy as a trump card. (Washington Post) and interesting in a poll by the Associated Press prior to the elections, 88% people had agreed that economy would be as important an issue as the unpopular war when they went to vote. Alas! That was not to be- showing just how misleading such polls can be. It appears that as soon as people had to choose between Bush and 'the other', they went for the other on reflex. You might wonder why that happened. Were democrats better? Honestly that is not the only reason…

References

Scot Lehigh. No confidence in Bush. The Boston Globe (Salt Lake Tribune) 11/08/2006

DEB RIECHMANN, Bush to Trumpet Strength of the Economy. The Associated Press Monday, October 23, 2006; The Washington Post

Global observers relieved, hopeful at results of mid-term elections. The Seattle Times; Thursday, November 9, 2006

Economy

The current real GDP growth is just under 2% annually. At this point last year it was in the 3.5-4% range. The trend is declining. The unemployment rate is just above 9%. A year ago is was just below 10%. However, unemployment is increasing at present. The CPI (headline number) is just over 3%, whereas a year ago it was below 2%. The trend is increasing. Interest rates are near zero for short-term paper and just over 3% for long-term debt. Both rates are similar to a year ago. Long-term rates are on a downward trend while short-term rates are flatlined. Industrial production is up around 4% from the year previous, whereas a year ago it was over 6% higher than the previous year. The trend is declining, although in this case the denominator is increasing, so it is not unexpected that the trend would be declining. Industrial production…

Works Cited:

Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis:  http://research.stlouisfed.org/publications/iet/us/us.pdf

This can be considered a variation on the invisible hand managing economic process, as Adam Smith had proposed. As such, two of the actors in the industry were actively participating in creative a framework for the market forces to operate in. A third important shareholder, the consumer, is, however, not consulted in this process.

The article shows the political debate arising from the economic dispute as well. The Labor Party insists that this resolution is a move of its political opposition aimed at not defending the rights of the workers, but rather at ensuring that a regulatory body has virtually unlimited powers that it can apply to workers in the respective industry.

This assertion seems rather far fetched. First of all, this is a measure that affects both the workers and the employers, so it will not create an advantage for one of the parties to the detriment of the…

Bibliography

1. Clark, B. (1998). Principles of political economy: A comparative approach. Westport, CT: Praeger

2. Stigler, George J. 1941. Production and Distribution Theories: The Formative Period, MacMillan

3. Krishna Bharadwaj (1989) "Themes in Value and Distribution: Classical Theory Reppraised," Unwin-Hyman

4. Samuel Hollander (1987)). Classical Economics. Oxford: Blackwell.

Economy

Given the occurrence of the 1980s, America is far more conscious of the brunt of foreign economic proceedings on its economic interests. Even nations as huge as the United States can no longer manage to prepare economic strategy devoid of addressing its brunt on economic relations by way of the rest of the world (Aliber, 1991).

Nationwide economics are at this time associated both through financial markets, as well as the more conventional trade merchandise and services. Supplementary difficulties have been presented by the transfer to a structure of supple exchange rates in the early 1970s, as well as the steady removal of limitations on international capital transactions.

Augmented consciousness has also been escorted by greater argument. This is predominantly true with regard to the reasons and costs of the huge trade inequities among the chief industrial economies that appeared all through the 1980s.

The United States, specially, ran…

Bibliography

Aldrich Jonathan. The Earnings Replacement Rate of Old-Age Benefits in 12 Countries, 1969-80. Social Security Bulletin 45 (November): 3-11. 1982.

Aliber Robert Z.U.S. Trade Deficit and the U.S. Fiscal Deficit: Cause and Effect. Department of Economics, University of Chicago. 1991.

Bilson John F.O. The Monetary Approach to the Exchange Rate: Some Empirical Evidence. International Monetary Fund Staff Papers 25 (March): 48-75. 1978.

Bosworth Barry P., Andrew S. Carron, and Elisabeth H. Rhyne. The Economics of Federal Credit Programs. Brookings Institution. 1987.

Economy

The current economic situation in USA is that it is trying to get out of the recession that started in 2008-2009. The biggest challenge has been the high rate of unemployment that still stands at 8.6%. Inflation is not such a worry, as it remains low at around 2%. GDP is also showing some signs of revival. In 2012, the quarterly growth rates were 2%, 1.3%, 3.2% and -0.1%. The decline in Q4 is attributable to slashing of government spending as part of Federal military spending. The overall rates stands at 2.2%, higher than 1.8% for 2011, but marginally lower than 2.4% for 2010. In this sense the economy is recovering, albeit slowly.

Behind this recovery is a series of monetary and fiscal policy measures that has been undertaken since 2009. The FED and FOMC have kept rate of interest near zero, along with a low inflation rate that…

References

GDP Current Statistics, accessed on 11 April 2013, available at  http://useconomy.about.com/od/economicindicators/a/GDP-statistics.htm 

GDP, accessed on 11 April 2013, available at  http://www.bea.gov/iTable/iTable.cfm?ReqID=9&step=1#reqid=9&step=3&isuri=1&910=X&911=0&903=1&904=2010&905=2012&906=A 

Current U.S. Inflation Rates: 2002-2013, accessed on 11 April 2013, available at  http://www.usinflationcalculator.com/inflation/current-inflation-rates/

Economy Encourages College Attendance

The Downturn in the Economy is Driving People to Enroll in College

Public Universities vs. Private Universities

As the U.S. economy remains sluggish, more people are expected to apply to public universities (Collins, "Economy Affects"). In fact, both public and private colleges are reporting record enrollment over previous years, which they attribute directly to the recession (Hayworth, "Slow Economy"). Private schools have a harder time attracting students, but financial aid and smaller class sizes make private colleges more appealing to some students (Hayworth, "Slow Economy").

Community Colleges vs. Traditional Universities

Community colleges offering 2-year degrees have seen enrollments explode with the overflow from traditional universities that cannot accept the number of students applying (Barboza and Holland, "Slow Economy leads to a boom"). Community colleges offering certificate and trade programs are seeing double digit jumps in enrollment as laid off workers find it necessary to retool themselves…

Works Cited

Barboza, Tony and Gale Holland. "Slow Economy Leads to a Boom at Community Colleges." Los Angeles Times. Los Angeles Times, 9 September 2008, Web. 1 Dec. 2010.

Collins, Lora. "Economy Effects College Enrollment." The University Star. Texas State University, 24 March 2009. Web. 30 Nov. 2010.

Hayworth, Bret. "Slow Economy Spurs College Enrollment." Sioux City Journal, 1 Feb. 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2010.

Hosler, Aimee. "California Enrollment Freeze Left You in the Cold? Online Education can Help." Schools.com. Schools.com, 22 July 2010. Web. 1 Dec. 2010.

Economy Impact on Jlr

Economy and Jaguar Land over

Impact of the Economy on Jaguar Land over (JL)

Auto manufacturers are among the most far-reaching companies because the majority are large multinational corporations. Therefore, this industry is more impacted by major forces than most others. Elements such as politics, technology, society, and the global economy are complex when an organization is working in a single location. However, these forces are magnified when various forms of these elements have to be taken into account. It is also difficult to determine what is the largest factor affecting a company. This paper looks at all of the forces affecting a large, multinational automobile manufacturer, and attempts to conclude whether the global economy is the greatest factor affecting success at a company such as Jaguar Land over (JL), or if there is some other factor that plays a more significant role.

Political Factors

Whether…

References

AFP. (2010). Toyota recalls 1.1 million Corollas, Matrix in North America. Edmonton Journal. Retrieved from  http://www.edmontonjournal.com/entertainment/artgaller/Toyota+recalls+Corollas  +Matrix+North+America/3446692/story.html?id=3446692&cid=megadrop_story

Chatterjee, S. (2011, August 11). Economic uncertainty not to impact JLR sales. Reuters. Retrieved from http://news.indialocals.com/read/2011/08/11/ATAzZGRmZzVjKmH1ZmZjAt==/full -story-tata-motors-exec -- economic-uncertainty-not-to-impact-jlr-sales

Ford Motor Company. (2005). FCJ 10K filing. Retrieved from  http://www.wikinvest.com/stock/Ford_Motor_Credit_Company_ (FCJ)/Key_Econo mic_Factors_Trends_Affecting_Automotive_Industry

Jaguar Land Rover (JLR). (2011). Annual report. Retrieved from  http://www.jaguarlandrover.com/pdf/2010-2011_annual_report.pdf

In less than a year, the federal government has given over one trillion dollars to large corporations that pay many executives millions of dollars a year despite their failure to run the companies in a proper and sustainable fashion, and in most cases without any form of repayment or any compensation for the taxpayer's money. Meanwhile, discussion of spending less than a trillion dollars over a ten-year period to ensure that these same taxpayers have access to affordable quality healthcare is decried as undue government spending and intervention. In short, taxpayers can be used to support giant corporations and their executives who are cutting pension and healthcare benefits, but one tenth of that amount cannot be used to provide the same healthcare -- and let's not even get started on the Social Security issue (Krugman 2009).

It has been claimed, and reasonably so, that economic decentralization can cause enormous macroeconomic…

References

Business Week. (2009). "Auto bailout: Crunch-time for Detroit." Accessed 17 October 2009.  http://www.businessweek.com/bwdaily/dnflash/special_reports/20090325auto_bailout.htm 

Faccio, M.; Asulis, R. & McConnell, J. (2009). "Political connections and corporate bailouts." Journal of finance, forthcoming. Accessed 17 October 2009. http://74.125.155.132/scholar?q=cache:tD0HjtjNmR8J:scholar.google.com/+author:%22Faccio%22+intitle:%22Political+connections+and+corporate+bailouts%22+&hl=en

Krugman, P. (2009). "Bailouts for bunglers." The New York times. Accessed 17 October 2009.  http://www.nytimes.com/2009/02/02/opinion/02krugman.html 

Nankin, J.; Umansky, E.; Kjellman, K. & Klein, S. (2009). "History of U.S. government bailouts." http://www.propublica.org/special/government-bailouts#savingsloan

The effect on the poor was exacerbated during the 1980's by rising debt and falling average income. Whatever progress was made during the 1960's and 1970's was nullified by the crisis during the 1980's. Rising urban poverty then also resulted in a narrower gap between urban and rural income averages. The situation was somewhat remedied by lifting the wage freeze during 1988, and inflation abated in late 1989. Still, the country's problems remain in terms of wealth inequality and general poverty.

The United States

The United States, despite being one of the richest countries in the world, share with Nigeria the phenomenon of unequal distribution of wealth. Since the 1960's, the existing polarization in the United States increased, and the gap between rich and poor in the country during the 1990's was at its widest.

A similar pattern to Nigeria can also be detected in the wage average growth in…

Bibliography

Left Business Observer (1998). "Income Distribution: Nigeria." U.S. Library of Congress.

Smolensky, Eugene and Plotnick, Robert, (1992). "Inequality and Poverty in the United States: 1900 to 1990," University of California, Berkeley, Graduate School of Public Policy, Working Paper #193 (July 8, 1992).

The Bureau of Labor Statistics recently indicated that new jobs being created in our economy were not the types of jobs that fuel economic growth. It looks like the economy is and will continue to lose jobs to cheaper labor markets around the globe.

The Federal eserve dictates the cost of money for organizations to borrow. The trends of continued cash shortages in corporate American our economy borrowing heavily. Therefore, future actions of the Federal eserve will play a major part in America's future. Trends to observe for the Fed are the consumer consumption and governmental spending rates. The Bush administration is already having trouble paying its bills as they recently raised the national debt level. The Fed will have to continue to rise or lower interest rates to fight off inflation as well s keep the nation out of recession. The federal government's trends are once again increasing the…

References

Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Consumer Price Index. Retrieved on December 12, 2004, at  http://www.bls.gov/ news.release/cpi.toc.htm

Bureau of Labor Statistics. (n.d.). Employment Situation. Retrieved on December 12, 2004, at

Basics of Economic Development Plan

Considering Czechoslovakia has a well-educated population and great wi-fi infrastructure, it has an opportunity to develop its knowledge-based service sector. With its well-educated population and various cultural exchanges with Western Europe, Czechoslovakia has a chance to develop its competence and activity in traditional knowledge-based fields such as financial and legal services. Also, Czechoslovakia's impressive wi-fi infrastructure will make it possible for the country to be a leader in high-tech services.

Consequences of Economic Development Plan

Switching to a more services-oriented, knowledge-based economy will increase economic prospects for the highly educated but may leave out people who have not received the advanced education required for their fields. For the less educated, the employment opportunities would be remain in heavy industrial manufacturing, which may diminish as Czechoslovakian manufacturing becomes less competitive. The Government should make efforts to ease this transition by retraining older or less-educated workers for…

References

CIA World FactBook - Czechoslovakia, available at  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ez.html 

UN Dept of Economic & Social Affairs, WORLD MACROECONOMIC IMBALANCES and DEVELOPING REGIONS: RISKS and RESPONSES, available at  http://www.un.org/esa/desa/desalert/imbalances.pdf 

Czech Republic - Telecoms, Mobile, Broadband and Forecasts, available at  http://www.budde.com.au /Research/Czech-Republic-Telecoms-Mobile-Broadband-and-Forecasts.html#execsummary

International Monetary Fund, available at  http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/01/weodata/weorept.aspx?sy=2007&ey=2010&scsm=1&ssd=1&sort=country&ds=.&br=1&c=935&s=NGDPD%2CNGDPDPC%2CPPPGDP%2CPPPPC%2CLP&grp=0&a=&pr.x=56&pr.y=12

Economy, Monetary Policy, and Monopolies

"The benchmark interest rate in the United States was last reported at 0.25%," (United States interest rates, 2012, Trading Economics). This is one of the lowest interest rates ever recorded in the history of the U.S. economy. It is a manifestation of the Fed's recent attempt to spur economic growth by encouraging consumers to borrow and spend more and to alleviate the pressures upon debt-ridden consumers, particularly those with adjustable rate mortgages. As a point of comparison, the interest rate in April 2007 was 4.963 (April, 2007, Treasury Direct).

current inflation rate is 2.30% while in 2007 it was 2.85% (Current inflation, 2012, Inflation Data). Although a lower inflation rate, in general, is better than a higher interest rate, this is keeping with the overall perception that the U.S. is in weaker economic shape than it was five years ago. Of course, as manifested in…

References

A brief history: The Bell system. (2012). AT&T. Retrieved:

 http://www.corp.att.com/history/history3.html 

April. (2007). Treasury Direct. Retrieved:

 http://www.treasurydirect.gov/govt/rates/pd/avg/2007/2007_04.htm

Topic: Circular economy: Diverting food waste and food lossI. IntroductionSustainability has now become a major issue with a much more globalized business operating environment. Here, consumers are now demanding that governments and businesses look to ensure that the resources are preserved in such a manner that future generations are able to leverage their benefit. This is a stark departure from popular sentiments just a few decades ago. Here, the prevailing economic theory of the time postulated that businesses only existed to maximize shareholder wealth. Here, it was thought that as shareholder provided the majority of capital to a business and took a majority of the financial risk of failure, the rewards should therefore flow to these individuals. However, this thinking has shifted to incapsulate many environmental, social, and governance standards aimed at creating a much more sustainable operating environment for businesses. These standards are based on the premise that business…

References



1. Ahmed Zainul Abideen & Jaafar Pyeman & Veera Pandiyan Kaliani Sundram & Ming-Lang Tseng & Shahryar Sorooshian, 2021. \\\\\\"Leveraging Capabilities of Technology into a Circular Supply Chain to Build Circular Business Models: A State-of-the-Art Systematic Review,\\\\\\" Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 13(16), pages 1-26, August

2. Anna Schulte & Daniel Maga & Nils Thonemann, 2021. \\\\\\"Combining Life Cycle Assessment and Circularity Assessment to Analyze Environmental Impacts of the Medical Remanufacturing of Electrophysiology Catheters,\\\\\\" Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 13(2), pages 1-22, January.

3. Anja T. Braun & Peter Kleine-Moellhoff & Volker Reichenberger & Stephan Seiter, 2018. \\\\\\"Case Study Analysing Potentials to Improve Material Efficiency in Manufacturing Supply Chains, Considering Circular Economy Aspects,\\\\\\" Sustainability, MDPI, Open Access Journal, vol. 10(3), pages 1-12, March

The successful firms have the war chest, and often this was acquired through strong long-term planning. Thus, successful firms have the ability to build upon that success during economic downturns, which sets them up to be in an even stronger position when the next downturn strikes.

orks Cited:

Becton, B., & Schraeder, M. (2009, January). Strategic Human Resources Management. Journal for Quality & Participation, 31(4), 11-18. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

Birdi, K., Clegg, C., Patterson, M., Robinson, A., Stride, C., all, T., et al. (2008, September). THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE AND OPERATIONAL Management PRACTICES ON COMPANY PRODUCTIVITY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Personnel Psychology, 61(3), 467-501. Retrieved May 5, 2009, doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00120.x

KEPES, S., DELERY, J., & GUPTA, N. (2008, August). STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE Management: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE. Academy of Management Proceedings, Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Business Source Premier database.

D'Aurizio, P. (2008, November). Southwest Airlines:…

Works Cited:

Becton, B., & Schraeder, M. (2009, January). Strategic Human Resources Management. Journal for Quality & Participation, 31(4), 11-18. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

Birdi, K., Clegg, C., Patterson, M., Robinson, A., Stride, C., Wall, T., et al. (2008, September). THE IMPACT OF HUMAN RESOURCE AND OPERATIONAL Management PRACTICES ON COMPANY PRODUCTIVITY: A LONGITUDINAL STUDY. Personnel Psychology, 61(3), 467-501. Retrieved May 5, 2009, doi:10.1111/j.1744-6570.2008.00120.x

KEPES, S., DELERY, J., & GUPTA, N. (2008, August). STRATEGIC HUMAN RESOURCE Management: A SYSTEMS PERSPECTIVE. Academy of Management Proceedings, Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Business Source Premier database.

D'Aurizio, P. (2008, November). Southwest Airlines: Lessons in Loyalty. Nursing Economic$, pp. 389,392. Retrieved May 5, 2009, from Academic Search Premier database.

6. What factors contribute to globalization? The principle factor that contributes to globalization is economics. Transnational companies (Giddens et al., 2012, p. 485), for instance, have a vested interest in identifying -- and exploiting -- the most economically viable markets in which to conduct business so that they can maximize profits and reduce costs. However, there are also other factors that readily contribute to globalization, such as the exchange of global data in the form of communication. With people able to easily disseminate and receive information in virtually any part of the world -- such expedience naturally results in a reduction of national and even global barriers that were previously existent. The main forms of communication include the World Wide Web and the telecommunications (Giddens et al., 2012, p. 480).

There are also important political and economic changes that have influenced the spread of globalization. Capitalism's emergence as the dominant…

References

Allen, J. (1998). "Birth control and the Catholic Church." Undergraduate Review.11 (1): 7. Retrieved from:  http://digitalcommons.iwu.edu/rev/vol11/iss1/7 

Babcock, H.M. (2008). "The National Environmental Policy Act in the urban environment: oxymoron or a useful tool to combat the destruction of neighborhoods and urban sprawl?." Georgetown Law Faculty Publications and Other Works. Retrieved from  http://scholarship.law.georgetown.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1952&context=facpub 

Giddens, a., Dunier, M., Appelbaum, R.P., Carr, D. (2012). "Essentials of sociology." New York: W.W. Norton & Company, Inc.

Lee, E., Vivarelli, M. (2006). "The social impact of globalization in the developing countries." Iza. Retrieved from  http://ftp.iza.org/dp1925.pdf

economy changed in Miami Florida after the terrorist attacks on New York City after 9/11/01?

According to a recent study conducted by the Florida International University College of Business Administration and the Greater Miami Chamber of Commerce, Florida, after the 9/11 terrorist attacks is paying a high price for security for almost two years now, compelling companies to re-evaluate whether to continue doing business in Miami Florida and if so, then how to move about in making it a success (Robert, 2003).

Furthermore, the economic effect of increased Homeland Security measures along with the U.S.A. Patriot Act has been tremendously negative. According to the author of the study, FIU professor David ernick;

There is a risk that key South Florida industries could be seriously undermined by mandates that drive up business costs, disrupt global supply chains and deter foreigners from vacationing or conducting business here while ultimately doing little to…

Works Cited

CNN.com. Inside Politics. Bush focuses on economy in Florida.

A www.cnn.comFebruary 16,

Florida Economy. Rasmussen Report. 37% in FL say Economy Good/Excellent Florida

Economic Confidence Above National Average.

S. consumers. Although the government should not support protectionism and protect inefficient American industries simply because they are American, it should require that companies selling products in the U.S. Or even partially based in the U.S. meet certain basic human rights standards (no slave labor, for example) and safety standards. This is necessary to protect U.S. consumers and also to ensure that America's reputation for freedom as well as economic growth is sustained.

Redistributing income

Some unintentionally redistributive effects, such retaining a progressive income tax system to help poorer families survive while still remaining part of the workforce seem to be beneficial and necessary. Making charitable contributions tax-deductible is also an excellent idea to encourage redistributive effects, but no government can or should engineer a system where everyone is the same economically, without taking away the incentive to work.

Individualistic minimum

However, government production would be acceptable when private marginal…

Economy Doing?

The state of the global economy has been an issue at the forefront of discussion and debate for the last several years. In his 2011 State of the Union Address, President Barack Obama urged bipartisan cooperation for the continued economic revival of the nation, which drives the economic recovery of the world. The President promised increased spending on education, technology, transportation and research, all of which should strengthen the economy by making the U.S. A stronger competitor in the global marketplace. He also promised to slash spending and reduce the deficit, although the specifics of these cuts were not detailed in his speech (Benac, Kuhnhenn, Werner & Superville, 2011). Various economic indicators support the claim of the President, and economists that the economy has improved since its devastating crash in 2008. Yet, full recovery may still be years away.

Tanneeru (2009) noted that was debate about when and…

References

Benac, N., Kuhnhenn, J., Werner, E., & Superville, D. (2011). State of the union 2011: It's the economy again. Huffington Post 1/25/11. Retrieved from  http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2011/01/25/state-of-the-union-2011-i_n_813612.html 

Brown, G.W., & Lundblad, C. (2009). The U.S. economic crisis: Root causes and the road to Recovery. Journal of Accountancy 208 (4), 42-49.

Credit-card gotchas. (2010). Consumer Reports 75 (11), 13-16.

Dampier, M. (2011). Japan's economic recovery will be swift. The Independent Online March

The Affordable Care Act (ACA or Obamacare) witnessed a twenty-five percent growth in insured individuals. But the above growth was accompanied by a concurrent sharp rise in insurance companies’ premiums. Furthermore, it led to a tremendous healthcare sector burden, increasing the nation’s budget twofold, from 1.3-2.5 trillion dollars according to 2009 estimates (Tuller, 2017). The above phenomenon constituted a gross domestic product increase of 3.8 percentage points (pps.), committed to America’s healthcare sector. In Tuller’s (2017) opinion, the healthcare structure is a “hidden thief” that may be held accountable for no appreciable rise in the wages of the average worker. Kellerman and Auerbach (2017) contend that swiftly growing healthcare expenditure may end up harming the nation’s economy by bringing about employment and GDP declines and a growth in inflation.

Greater national expenditure adversely impacts economic development, to a considerable extent. Rise in workforce health insurance premiums has deterred investors from investing…

The increases in the deficit; are a normal effect and will equalize itself out through an improvement in the total amounts of taxes that are collected. (Schiller, 2010)

For me, these insights are providing greater clarity about what actions must be taken to avert recessions. It is also illustrating how the headlines in the news media about government policies may not be completely accurate (i.e. The problems with the national debt). Instead, this is illustrating how these changes are a necessary outcome. That will help to stabilize the economy and prevent recessions from becoming worse. This is the key for avoiding downward spirals in economic activity and the negative long-term effects it will have on everyone's standard of living. (Schiller, 2010)

What has been happening to consumer confidence over the last six months? What explanation for consumer confidence does the memo give?

In the last six months, consumer confidence has…

References

The Conference Board's Consumer Confidence Index. (2013). Conference Board. Retrieved from:  http://www.conference-board.org/data/consumerconfidence.cfm 

The Conference Board Economic Forecast. (2013). Conference Board. Retrieved from:  http://www.conference-board.org/pdf_free/economics/2013_05_151.pdf 

United States Consumer Confidence. (2013). Trading Economics. Retrieved from: http://www.tradingeconomics.com/united-states/consumer-confidence

Schiller, B. (2010). Essentials of Economics. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill / Irwin.

solation on a wider scale occurs as a result of large industries. Most Western citizens are dependent upon large industrial companies for their food, power, and almost all other necessities and desires. This is ultimately unsustainable, not only for the world in general, but also for the individuals involved. Because of the focus on mass consumption as promoted by the media, the human tendency is to want whatever the media promotes. This leads to unsustainable lifestyles, which contributes to further problems like debt and the like. Rather than the happiness and fulfillment promised by the many products on offer, misery increases.

As such, hyper-individuality and unsustainable mass-consumerism appear to be at the basis of the emotional and lifestyle problems people tend to experience today. McKibben offers some interesting alternatives. Although the communally-based lifestyle he suggests appears somewhat extreme at first glance, do believe that a compromise needs to be made…

In general, McKibben makes some very good points, particularly in terms of the isolating effect of mass consumerism and the increasing wealth of a few, while the rest of the world languishes. In terms of the future, certainly implementing even some of the ideas described in the chapter will go a long way towards improving the prospects for future generations.

Source

McKibben, Bill (2007). Deep Economy: The Wealth of Communities and the Durable Future. Times Books. (Chapter 4).

It was the smallest monthly jobs growth since August 2003, when only 2,000 jobs were added, according to revised figures from the Labor Department.

6. How does the current structure affect the threat of cost push inflation or deflation?

There are no inflationary or deflationary signs in recent reports.

7. What is the growth rate of GDP?

The current growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP), which is the output of goods and services produced by labor and property located in the United States, increased at an annual rate of 3.5% in the first quarter of 2005, according to preliminary estimates released by the Bureau of Economic Analysis. In the fourth quarter, real GDP increased 3.8%. The major contributors to the increase in real GDP, in the first quarter were personal consumption expenditures, private inventory investment, exports, residential fixed investment, and equipment and software. Imports, which are subtracted from…

References

Bureau of economic analysis (2005). Retrieved June 19, 2005, from Bureau of Economic Analysis Web site: http://www.bea.doc.gov/bea/newsrel/gdpnewsrelease.htm

Bureau of labor statistics (2005). Retrieved June 18, 2005, from Bureau of Labor Statistics Web site:  http://www.bls.gov/ news.release/pdf/laus.pdf

CNN (2005). CNN Money. Retrieved June 18, 2005, from CNN Web site:  http://money.cnn.com/ 

Social security solvency stimulator (2004). Retrieved June 19, 2005, from SS Web site: http://www.sscommonsense.org/Assumptions.html#GDP

economy was booming a decade ago, before the financial crisis that hit hard in Southeast Asia. During this time of economic prosperity in Bangkok, I landed my first job with an American franchised fast food restaurant: Popeye's Chicken. At first I was amazed when I realized that the manager had only hired two workers to run the restaurant. With the crowds that came in at peak times of day, it seemed totally unreasonable to expect efficient service. However, it was even more surprising how much I was capable of doing. The tasks that I once thought were overwhelming became less daunting and the operation ran incredibly smoothly. My colleague and I ran the franchise with aplomb, belying our young age. With a work schedule planned by our manager, which was based on the American franchise system, my coworker and I supervised and operated Popeye's with enthusiasm and competency. It was…

The demand for their services underwent a period of diminishment, because of the strong emotional impact that the events had upon the population living all over the world and especially in the United States of America. Despite various negative forecasts, the airline industry got back on track soon afterwards. Not only did the demand not fall, but it underwent significant increases.

Another element which could affect the functioning of the airline industry in a negative manner is represented by the concerns for the environment. Leaving aside the issue represented by the phonic pollution, aspects such as global warning may become an important concern for the airline industry should the issue gain a high importance on the public and political agendas. So far, however, the issue did not manage to influence people's choices regarding travelling by airplane, regardless of the attempts made in this directions by various politicians. (Pickard, 2006)

How…

Bibliography

Gopwani, J. (2007, April 26). NWA, flight attendants reach deal. Retrieved May 17, 2007, from Freep.com Detroit Free Press Web site:  http://www.freep.com/apps/pbcs.dll/article?AID=/20070426/Business05/70426029/0/ENT03 

Mankiw, N.G. (2004). Principles of economics (3rd ed.). Chicago, IL: Thomson South-Western.

McCabe, R.M., PhD. (n.d.). Airline Industry Key Success Factors. The ability for airlines to succeed today is measured according to several key success factors. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from Pepperdine University Web site:  http://gbr.pepperdine.edu/064/airlines.html 

Muskin, J.B., & Sorrentino, J.A. (February 1977). Externalities in a Regulated Industry: The Aircraft Noise Problem. The American Economic Review, 67 (1), 347-350. Retrieved May 5, 2007, from JSTOR Web site: ( http://links.jstor.org/sici?sici=0002-8282 (197702)67%3A1%3C347%3AEIARIT%3E2.0.CO%3B2-4

Given the influence of California upon setting national environmental policy because of the dominance of car travel and its sheer size and population density, if Proposition 23 passes, the effect could be seismic. "Opponents say that [Proposition 23] could hurt the creation of jobs in San Diego and throughout the state, but the Yes on 23 campaign says the measure would save existing jobs" (Joyce 2010).

The war over Proposition 23 has been waged by two of California's major industries. Technology companies promoting environmentally-friendly technology echo the sentiment of the chairman of CleanTECH San Diego. "I was talking to someone from Massachusetts last week and that's probably our biggest U.S.…he tongue-in-cheek laughed and said 'Well, if Proposition 23 passes let everyone know we'll take the jobs in the clean and green technology that California will lose'" (Joyce 2010). Two large Texas oil companies, Valero and Tesoro have funded the public…

References

California. (2010). Enchanted learning. Retrieved September 25, 2010.

 http://www.enchantedlearning.com/usa/states/california/ 

Hay, Andrew. (2010). Another hard year for California. Reuters. Retrieved September 24, 2010

At  http://www.reuters.com/article/idUSTRE62N1CF20100324

The unemployment rate for January 2013 was 7.9%, in December it was 7.8%, this appears to be a deterioration; however, it is usual for unemployment to increase in January as seasonal jobs disappear. Looking at the rate in January 2012 it was 8.3% and in January 2010 it was 9.1%, therefore unemployment rates are decreasing slowly (BLS, 2013). The consumer prices index also shows an increase; in 2012 it rose by 1.6%. Overall, there is an improvement, from a time that has been defined as a recession, the growth is slow and constrained, but expected to improve further, therefore the current economic stage is that of a recovery, or early recovery.

Question 2

The traditional method of assessing the economic growth is by measuring the GDP, with the underlying assumption that where there is growth in the GDP there will be an increase in welfare, with the measure usually being…

e can use police or parent volunteers ensure children have appropriate supervision on the way. After school, parents ferrying students to the same extracurriculars should carpool: no large SUV should only have one or two children within their confines! This will not only reduce the community's carbon footprint, it will save gas money and create new opportunities for residents to talk with one another as friends, something which people rarely do in their busy lives.

Reducing our collective consumption of products that contribute to the use of oil and have a large carbon footprint is also essential: the community can have a "buy a hybrid" campaign, and educate prospective car buyers about the benefit of fuel-efficient vehicles and reducing overall driving times. The elementary school can incorporate environmentalism into its lesson plans -- students can track how many miles their parents drive, and suggest ways to consolidate trips and reduce…

Work Cited

McKibben, Bill. Deep Economy. Times Books, 2007.

economy in the United States and the catastrophic terrorist attacks of September 11th is often discussed, for many reasons. The events were so integral to the United States as a historically devastating occurrence that emotionally, socially and psychologically changed the face of the nation and with that nation is the integral issue of economy. This work will analyze the difference between the economic after effects of the September 11th attacks, in the Stock Market particularly, and the effects of another crucial historical event of the last century, the assassination of John F. Kennedy. The correlation between events and the stock exchange is often difficult to find information on in that a comprehensive history of the exchange has not been done, but perhaps the best time for such a work to be written would be now, as we discover just how well the nation and the world recover from the September…

Works Cited

Burk, James. Values in the Marketplace: The American Stock Market under Federal Securities Law. New York: Aldine De Gruyter, 1992.

"Correspondence." The American Prospect 18 June 2001: 6. Questia. 4 Dec. 2004 .

Dingle, Derek, and Sakina P. Spruell. "Bouncing Back: In the Aftermath of the Terrorist Attacks, Black-Owned Business Learn the True Meaning of Crisis Management as They Turn Losses into Gains." Black Enterprise Dec. 2001: 77+. Questia. 4 Dec. 2004 .

"Economy Still Strong after 9/11." The Washington Times 13 Sept. 2002: F32. Questia. 4 Dec. 2004 .

A personal advantage for Noriko also relates to her self-identification not only as a wife and mother, but also as a professional person in her own right. Before having owned the business, Noriko was generally considered in terms of her identity as her husband's wife and a son's mother, perpetuating the social paradigm of female subordination and reduction to their domestic roles. Having her own business means that Noriko Teramoto now has a valid way to define herself in an individual and unique way.

4) Conclusions

Stringer suggests that the researcher should establish a role that is appropriate to the context of the research. The researcher's role in this case was to establish a platform of understanding with the interviewees. Clearly, a large amount of research was conducted to thoroughly establish the current business paradigm in Japan.

The article ascribes the success of Digimom workers to four different factors. The…

" He was a writer and one of those who struggled with the dichotomy of their upbringing during the II and the new upsurges in consumerism that filled the world at that time. Perec's book, a runaway best-seller in France, which, in 1965 was awarded the Prix Renaudot, Le Choses (Things) brought him into the limelight and he became a writer.

The young people of the day, introduced to a bit of wealth, were quickly caught up in earning and spending. Perec was one of the ambiguous ones who wanted to both be a dreamer and a consumer. His writings reflect this and in the book, Things: A Story of the Sixties & A Man Asleep, he writes a story of a young couple who get caught up in desiring consumer goods and Things in the story called Things: A Story of the Sixties (Perec, 2002).

Money, sometimes, consumed them…

Works Cited

Monnet, Jean. "Joint Meeting of the Members of the Consultative Assembly of the Council of Europe and of the Members of the Common Assembly of the European Community of Coal and Steel." Official Report of the Debate, Strasbourg, 22 June 1953. 8-12, 118, 120-23

Perec, Georges. Things: A story of the sixties and a Man Asleep. New York: David Godine Publisher, 2002.

This research will help to solidify the unique problems and challenges inherent to international marketing and attempt to suggest methods for overcoming these obstacles.

Limiting the scope of the research to ethical barriers and challenges in international marketing will make the scope of the project more manageable, and will still provide ample ground for research from various cultural perspectives (Saeed et al. 2001). It might even be necessary to limit the scope of the project to several common intercultural exchanges, examining only the ethical issues that arise from specific international relationships and the marketing that occurs between them.

eferences

Czinkato, M. (2003). "An international marketing manifesto." Journal of international marketing 11(1), pp. 13-27.

Saeed, M.; Ahmed, Z. & Mukhtar, S. (2001). "International marketing ethics from an Islamic perspective: A value-maximization…

References

Czinkato, M. (2003). "An international marketing manifesto." Journal of international marketing 11(1), pp. 13-27.

Saeed, M.; Ahmed, Z. & Mukhtar, S. (2001). "International marketing ethics from an Islamic perspective: A value-maximization approach." Journal of business ethics 32(7), pp. 127-42.

Economy Status in 12 Months

In each economic system, entrepreneurs and managers combine together natural resources, labor, and technology to create and supply goods and services. Nations' political principles and civilization is replicated by the way in which these different elements categorize themselves. Karl Marx, the 19th century German economist and social theorist invented the term capitalist economy, by which United States is often referred to and this term depicts a system in which a small group of people manage large quantities of money or capital and make the most significant economic verdicts. Natural resources are the first elements of a nation's economic system. The second element is effort, which changes natural resources into goods. As both privately owned businesses and government play major roles, United States is said to have mixed economy. In fact, some of the most continuing discussions of American economic history concentrate on the virtual tasks…

References

Continuity and Change. U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. Retrieved from http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/oecon/chap1.htm Accessed on 12 March, 2005

Fed official sees 2005 economy to grow 4%. 9 March, 2005. Retrieved from  http://english.sina.com/business/1/2005/0309/23950.html  Accessed on 12 March, 2005

How the U.S. Economy Works. U.S. Department of State's Bureau of International Information Programs. Retrieved from http://usinfo.state.gov/products/pubs/oecon/chap2.htm Accessed on 12 March, 2005

Kane, Tim; Hederman, Rea. Past. Present! Future? Economic growth in America. October 29, 2004. Retrieved from  http://www.heritage.org/Research/Economy/wm601.cfm?renderforprint=1  Accessed on 12 March, 2005

Exports are also down significantly, yet despite these changes, the Chinese economy appears to be "independent and strong enough to not only cope with the global economic crisis but also to establish itself" as a major world economic powerhouse ("China Economy," 2009, Internet).

One of China's greatest economic strengths is based on foreign direct investment, for the World Bank estimates that around $80 billion U.S. dollars are invested in China on a yearly basis. However, one of its most important weaknesses is the existence of corruption at the local level, a situation which the Chinese government has attempted to eliminate through a slow and long-drawn out process. Nonetheless, economists predict that China, "via a sustained rate of growth will enable it to surpass the U.S." To become the world's largest and most powerful economy sometime in the early years of the 21st century ("China Economy," 2009, Internet).

As to unemployment…

REFERENCES

"China Economy." (2009). EconomyWatch. Internet. Accessed June 23, 2009 from  http://www.economywatch.com/world_economy/china .

Huntington, Samuel P. (1996). The Clash of Civilizations and the Remaking of World

Order. New York: Touchstone Books (Simon & Schuster).

5 as before. In contrast to Africa's variable exchange rates over the wide continent, with its many nations, China, "keeps its currency tightly pegged to the dollar," and has begun to pursue the American market much more avidly, especially since it has been freed from the "so-called multifiber arrangement, which for decades set nation-by-nation quotas and capped its garment exports to the developed world." (ines, 2005) This comparison also highlights how different nation's currency policies can cause developing nations to be at war, rather than at harmony with one another in terms of competing for United States dollars. "And for good reason: garment makers represent as many as 9 in 10 manufacturing jobs" in many impoverished African nations. (ines, 2005)

Yet the American consumer may seem to be above this trade war fray between developing nations, no pun intended, as "American shoppers may register the dollar's fall, if at all,…

Works Cited

Wines, Michael. (12 Mar 2005) "Dollar's Fall Silences Africa's Garment Factories." The New York Times. Retrieved 19 May 2005 at  http://www.nytimes.com/2005/03/12/business/worldbusiness/12africa.html?pagewanted=2&ei=5090&en=e251124b28c27a28&ex=1268283600&partner=rssuserland

Economy Stats

The economic statistics cited by Patricia Cohen are meant to put a positive spin on an otherwise doubly-seasonally adjusted economy still limping under the Federal eserve's guidance and policy of quantitative easing. Cohen calls it "strong job growth data," but there are scores of other stats that researchers use to indicate just the opposite, such as the correlative study of Labor Force Participation ate and People not in the Labor Force by Durden (2015). Cohen's study is meant to put a good face on an otherwise grim economic outlook, and this paper will show how she does it.

Statistical Procedures Mentioned in the Study

There are no statistical procedures clearly delineated in the study by Cohen; however, it is evident that Cohen uses a number of procedures in order to present her findings. For example, Cohen uses correlations and ANOVA statistical analysis in order to arrive at her…

References

Cohen, P. (2015). Strong Job Growth Data Eases Concerns After Winter Dip in Economy. New York Times. Retrieved from  http://www.nytimes.com/2015/06/06/business/economy/jobs-report-hiring-unemployment-may.html?_r=0 

Durden, T. (2015). Where the May Jobs Were: Teachers, Waiters, Retail, and Temp

Help. ZeroHedge. Retrieved from  http://www.zerohedge.com/news/2015-06-05/where-may-jobs-were-teachers-waiters-retail-and-temp-help 

Snider, J. (2015). Payroll Stats Become Even More Implausible. Alhambra Investment

Immigration contributes to U.S. Economy

How immigration contributes to U.S. economy

Popular Press

Giovanni Peri

30, August, 2010

The Effect of Immigrants on U.S. Employment and Productivity

The article by Peri narrates the effects of immigration over the total population of the country. He says that the statistical analysis proved that the economy expanded and became more productive after the immigration and the investment also went up. He narrates another opinion that the foreign born U.S. citizens are decreasing the job opportunities for the U.S. born citizens yet there is a consent that output actually increased. He discussed that there is no significant evidence that the jobs grew or dropped for U.S. born workers because of the immigrants. Thus, this means that U.S. workers did not lose jobs because of the immigrants rather new jobs were created for the immigrants that were great for the overall economy.

Peri stated that…

References

Aguilar, L.A. "The Important Role of Immigrants in Our Economy," (2013), Retrieved from:

 http://www.sec.gov/News/Speech/Detail/Speech/1365171515736#.UnfZSWzTmYE 

Borjas, G.J. "Native Internal Migration and the Labor Market Impact of Immigration."

Journal of Human Resources 41(2), pp. 221 -- 258. (2006)

Australian Economy

The UAE economy

Macroeconomic analysis of the Economies

Australia

GDP

Household final consumption expenditure

General Government final consumption expenditure

CPI & Inflation

Unemployment

Interest rates

Exchange ates

Government Spending & Taxes

Money Supply

United Arab Emirates

GDP

Household final consumption expenditure

General Government final consumption expenditure

CPI (Consumer Price Index)

Inflation

Unemployment

Interest ates

Exchange ates

Government Spending & Taxes

Money Supply

In this paper, we describe as well as compare the economies of two countries (United Arab Emirates (UAE) and Australia).We do this by effectively researching the economic characteristics of two national economies, and then selecting a limited number of critical variables which can best be used in describing their similarities and differences. We also research the critical background on the two national economies so as to explain their current economic situation while also suggesting their likely future economic states. The paper begins by presenting a general…

References

Central Intelligence Agency (2012).GDP (official exchange rate).Available online at https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/fields/2195.html

Laurie, Kirsty and McDonald, Jason. (2008)A Perspective on Trends in Australian Government Spending [online]. Economic Round-up, Summer 2008: 27-50. Availability: ISSN: 1031-8968. [cited 17 Dec 12].

Tim Colebatch, T (2012). "Economic Irrationalism."  http://www.smh.com.au/opinion/politics/our-economic-irrationalism-20120312-1uwde.html 

OECD (2009). National Accounts at a Glance 2009.Available online at http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/sites/9789264067981-en/03/01/index.html?contentType=&itemId=/content/chapter/9789264075108-12-en&containerItemId=/content/serial/22200444&accessItemIds=/content/book/9789264067981-en&mimeType=text/html

Future of the U.S. Economy:

The most widely accepted fact is that the American economy is gradually recovering from the recent global recession though the progress seems to be very slow and relatively disappointing. This disappointing growth is partly attributed to the widespread assumption that long-term economic projections are deteriorating across the globe. Some of the major incidents that have characterized the economies of many countries include huge unemployment rates, budget cuts in private and public sectors, and increase in debts. Furthermore, political systems and structures in various countries seem unable to deal with these problems that pose significant threats to the entire global financial system (Sivy par, 1). One of the major ways for understanding the status and future of the economy is through learning macroeconomics. Learning macroeconomics is important since without these concepts, it would be nearly impossible to understand the effect of development in business, society, and…

Works Cited:

Boccia, Romina. "How the United States' High Debt Will Weaken the Economy and Hurt Americans." The Heritage Foundation. The Heritage Foundation, 12 Feb. 2013. Web. 26 May 2013. .

Gordon, Robert J. "IS U.S. ECONOMIC GROWTH OVER? FALTERING INNOVATION CONFRONTS THE SIX HEADWINDS." NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES. National Bureau of Economic Research, Aug. 2012. Web. 26 May 2013. .

Orszag, Peter. "Hard Slog -- the Real Future of the U.S. Economy: Peter Orszag." Bloomberg. BLOOMBERG L.P., 3 July 2011. Web. 26 May 2013. .

Sivy, Michael. "Is the Global Economy Slowly Falling Apart?" Time Business & Money. Time Inc., 5 Apr. 2013. Web. 26 May 2013. .

New service economy is an economy that is based on knowledge, services and communications between people. This is an economy where there are relatively few manufacturing jobs, and most people work in the service industry in some capacity. The new service economy reflects the dominance of this type of industry in our economy. This newfound dominance of the service economy has an impact on our ability to have a sustainable environmental management approach.

Sound environmental management practice implies the prevention of environmental catastrophe and the strong stewardship of the environment, within the context of a functioning, growing economy. In part, the new service economy facilitates a higher level of environmental stewardship inherently, because most people earn their living without producing very much in the way of physical goods. People trade on knowledge, experience and skills, things that do not cause much waste.

These new knowledge industries can play a strong…

Sweden Economy

International business: Sweden

The world economic powers have controlled the world economies for the longest time. Sweden is a remarkably small nation, yet it has developed to become among the best and wealth endowed nations in the world. It is a historically established nation that has been existence as early as the 7th century. From these early centuries, Sweden has been known for the level of involvement and development in trade.

Geographic, demographic and natural resources information of Sweden

The geography of Sweden makes it a nation of envy by many others. Sweden has a small area of total coverage of about 449,964 sq km. The area that is dry land is about 410, 934 sq km, and the rest is water. This in comparison to the United States is just slightly larger than the state of California by about land total 2,233 km. Sweden has a coastline…

References

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2012). OECD Territorial Reviews:

Sma-land-Blekinge, Sweden 2012: (Swedish version). Vaxjo: Regional council of Southern Smaland, Sweden.

Development, O.E.C. (2013). OECD Economic Surveys. Paris: OECD Pub.

Kent, N. (2008). A concise history of Sweden. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.

U.S. Economy

The May 2007 economy presented a rosy picture: the lowest unemployment rate of the Bush Administration 4.4% (Bureau of Labor Statistics.gov. 2012. PP. 1), the peak of housing values, strong GDP growth of 3.6% (Trading Economics.com. 2012. PP. 1), a stable inflation rate of 2.2% (Trading Economics.com. 2012. PP. 1), and a normalized non-emergency FED Funds of 5.25% (Moneycafe.com. 2012. PP. 1). Yet, the collapse was imminent as the "Great Recession" began in the fourth quarter of 2007, decimating the economy and bringing the global financial system to a grinding halt. Now five years later the economy is regaining its footing in a ponderous yet upward trajectory which began in the second quarter of 2009. An espy of May 2012 presents a dramatically different story than of 2007: unemployment stands at 8.1% (Bureau of Labor Statistics.gov. 2012. PP. 1), housing values have plummeted; "Americans overall have lost almost…

One of the noteworthy aspects of the U.S. economy is that consumer spending

"accounts for 70% of economic activity" (Crutsinger, M. May 15, 2012. PP. 1). Business is on a never ending quest to create products, services, and pricing which will maximize revenue and increase profit. Price discrimination and segmentation are common in the marketplace (airline tickets as one of a plethora of examples); consumers may respond through indifference or anger towards the company, but are in the preponderance of economic activities likely to choose based on: perceived value, availability, rewards, or pricing options. Business can choose to discount products or services to entice certain groups: new customers, income sensitive customers, or competitor's customers.

The crux of the question on discounts for certain customers rather than others is really one of questioning the role government in the process. The government already chooses certain customers for assistance based on income, unemployment, opportunity, or other criterion. Food stamps have become plentiful over the last five years, a sign of a soft economy and one of an expanded government role. The qualifications are income-based which has struck many taxpayers as unfair because they are subsidizing a segment of the population. So too with unemployment benefits which in some cases have been

This model is much more conservative, and thus tends to try to avoid government interaction within the system. Here, the research suggests that it "stresses the connectedness of the monetary flows" (Hannes, 2012, p 4).As such, it keeps its leakages from separating and floating out of the system, as well as providing for more inside injections that do not rely so much on outside systems, as in the case with an open model system. The model is most concerned with savings and investment in order to keep leakages from spilling out of the model system, as in the case with the open system. In this system, borrowers take credit and invest it back into the system, therefore adding elements of credit into the system as an injection. In this regard, savings is seen as an injection, not a leakage like in the open systems model. Thus, "the closed model stresses…

References

Buck, John. (2008). The circular flow diagram. Economic Perspectives. Web.  http://econperspectives.blogspot.com/2008/04/circular-flow-diagram.html 

Hannes, K. (2012). Circular flow models. Economics. Web. http://hannesk.com/econ/Chapter5CircularFlow.pdf

Morgan, D. (2012). Open and closed systems in macroeconomics. Education Articles. Web.  http://articles.submityourarticle.com/open-and-closed-systems-in-macroeconomics-305112

Drugs on the Economy

History of drugs in the United States

How drugs affect the United States Economy both positively and negatively

How decriminalization of drugs like marijuana stand to lessen the burden on tax-payers

Wonder drugs like morphine, heroine, and cocaine to mention but a few pose a lot of problems to the entire American society. Americans have had to grapple with the deleterious effects of drug abuse and addiction. estrictions were imposed at the beginning of the 20th Century through domestic and overseas law enforcement to contain the drugs epidemic. Such enforcements were initiated to limit opium and cocoa crops (Drug Enforcement Administration, 2012). This term paper seeks to give a brief history of drugs in the United States of America and subsequently outline how drug use affects the American economy both positively and negatively. The paper also endeavors to list how decriminalization of drugs like marijuana stands…

References List

Bureau of Justice Statistics. (2011). Prisoners in 2010 (revised). Retrieved June 22, 2012 from http://bjs.ojp.usdoj.gov/index.cfm?ty=pbdetail&iid=2230

Drug Enforcement Administration. (2012). Illegal drugs in America: A modern

History. Retrieved June 22, from http://www.deamuseum.org/museum_ida.html

Easton, S. (2009). Legalize Marijuana for Tax Revenue. Retrieved June 22, from  http://www.businessweek.com/debateroom/archives/2010/03/legalize_mariju.html

capitalistic economy surfaced right after the era of feudalism ended. The capitalistic economy system favors a handful of wealthy private entities that control rest of the economy. These corporate actors utilize the resources and labor in their favor to create a monopoly of their own. The profits are multiplied by these corporations and the government acts responsible for ensuring taxes payments and in return the masses are provided social justice. In the first quarter of 20th century when industrial revolution was taking place, capitalism seemed like a great idea as formulation of unions and governments helped the under privileged.

Originally the idea of capitalistic economy was supposed to keep check and balances on the supply and demand functions. The scenario should have been in the best interest of the society as corporations were compelled to share profits with the overall society. But after orld ar 2 as the industrialization period…

Works cited

Ed Fin (February 1, 2003). All social and economic problems caused by an unfair distribution of wealth. Retrieved January 12th, 2012 from Policy Alternatives  http://www.policyalternatives.ca/publications/commentary/all-social-and-economic-problems-caused-unfair-distribution-wealth 

John J. Macionis & Linda M. Gerber (May 2007). Sixth Canadian Edition of Sociology, Chapter 11. Retrieved January 12, 2012 from Pearson  http://wps.pearsoned.ca/ca_ph_macionis_sociology_6/73/18923/4844438.cw/index.html 

Roger B. Butters (2007. Teaching the Benefits of Capitalism, Free Market Forum 2007 Panel 3: How to Teach Economics, Pg: 4. Retrieved January 12, 2012, from Hillsdale College Seminar database  http://www.hillsdale.edu/images/userImages/afolsom/Page_6281/Butters.pdf