Alcohol Essays (Examples)

Alcohol Pricing and Consumption ates
Minimum unit pricing of alcohol at off licenses and supermarkets

Alcohol has for time now occupied significant economic as well as socio-cultural position in the art of United Kingdom. These are reflected in the manner in which it generates jobs, creates economic revenues in the structure of alcohol taxes. Many times alcohol is consumed in social gatherings and it is also taken as an accompaniment to meals. Despite the fact that alcohol has always been, and goes on to be taken without any problems by a number of people and a percentage of alcohol usage is challenging and creates harm for persons as well as society at large.

According to abinovich et al., (2009), there has been rise in alcohol misuse as per the United Kingdom policy agenda and it shows that between 1985 and 2003 there was about 4% upshot in alcohol consumption in the United Kingdom…

Alcohol poisoning can be described as a severe and occasionally deadly outcome of excessive drinking of alcohol within a short period of time. Excessive drinking of alcohol has significant impacts on an individual's breathing, gag reflex, and heart rate. As a result, alcohol poisoning or excessive drinking has the potential of leading to coma and death. This condition can also be attributed to binge drinking, which is consuming five or more drinks in a row. Furthermore, the condition can also happen when a person consumes household goods that contain alcohol either intentionally or accidentally. hile excessive drinking causes several damages to the body, most of these damages are usually linked to long-term abuse of the body. An individual suffering from the damaging effects of alcohol poisoning should seek urgent medical attention in order to prevent severe danger. One of the major ways to avoid serious danger from these side effects…

Alcohol and Drug Abuse Counseling
Personal Vision and Learning

Mission Statement

Ethical Framework

Professional Strengths and Limitations

Identification and fulfillment of Professional Potential

Professional Diversity

Integration of Theory and Practice

Ongoing Professional Developments

Alcohol (and other drugs) abuse is not just a problem of an individual but that of the whole society. This implies that the whole society has a role to play in the rehabilitation of the people who resort to drug abuse when they find it hard to put up with the ups and downs of life. Particularly, the counselors working at the rehabilitation center have a major role to play when it comes to restoring the independence and normalcy in an addict's life.

Personal Vision and Learning

During the course of my degree, I have acquired vast amount of knowledge on how a counselor should go about when he or she is dealing with an alcohol (or any other substance) abuser. It is not only just about counseling…

Drinking alcohol in large quantities lowers the level of serotonin in the brain. Serotonin is a chemical that helps people to feel good and be in a good mood. Overconsumption of alcohol can destroy this chemical. Antidepressants are made to increase the levels of serotonin in the brain, but if too much alcohol is consumed it can take a long while for the antidepressants to work because there is little to no serotonin left in the brain to raise. Over time, the depressed person who is on medication may get impatient and feel that the antidepressants are not working and resort to overconsumption of alcohol again. This is a vicious cycle that is often difficult to break.
Overconsumption of alcohol can also deplete the body of vital nutrients it needs to remain healthy and functioning. Proper nutrition not only plays a large role in our physical health, but also our…

Alcohol
Mankind has endured the pangs of addiction arising out of consuming alcohol since ages. Alcohol is one of the oldest drugs familiar to man the physiological methods through which it triggers intoxication and chasing it have not yet been confirmed. (esearchers Study Mechanism of Alcohol's Effects -- One Cell at a Time) Alcohol abuse and alcoholism happen irrespective of gender, race and ethnicity. About 14 million people in the United States -- in 13 adults -- alcohol or have alcohol addiction. On the average nevertheless, men compared to women have affinity for alcohol or possess alcohol related problems. Moreover, it is most prominent among the young adults in the 18-29 age brackets and least among the older adults who are 65 years and more than that. Further, people who begin drinking at an early age for instance 14 years or younger -- increase the possibilities that they will develop alcohol…

It is important to observe that the increase in risk for mortality pertaining to these diseases is greater than the increase in risk for morbidity, especially at lower levels of consumption. This finding suggests that continuous alcohol consumption, be it even in low doses, increases the gravity of liver or pancreas disease by risking yet more severe consequences.
A connection between the concentration of alcohol quota in the blood and almost any sort of unintentional injuries has long been established, as psychomotor fallacies emerge after consuming two to three drinks in one hour. However, Taylor in 2010 indicated that, even at lower BAC values, risk of injury is increased when compared with total lack of alcohol consumption (ehm, 2011).

The acute effects of alcohol consumption on injury risk are also conditioned by the regularity of the individual's alcohol intake sessions. Gmel et al. consigned in 2010 that people who drink less…

For the affected individual, alcohol abuse sets up a pattern of drinking that often results in one or more of the following scenarios -- a failure to fulfill work, home or school responsibilities; repeatedly driving an automobile under the influence or while operating machinery; experiencing recurring alcohol-related legal problems, such as "being arrested for driving under the influence of alcohol or for physically harming someone while drunk," or experiencing on-going problems in some type of a close relationship which are caused or worsened by drinking ("Alcohol," 2008, Internet).
As to alcohol addiction, an affected individual may exhibit two or more of the following symptoms -- a strong need or craving to consume alcohol, even when it may lead to more problems; the loss of control or the inability to limit the intake of drinks on any given occasion, such as during a party or when dining out; physical dependence, such…

The researchers compared those who drank alcohol with those who were given injections of alcohol in order to study blood alcohol concentration levels. The researchers found that both methods of administering alcohol resulted in an inhibited ability to react using psychomotor skills. Furthermore, the authors found that these tests produced conditions similar to those that one would encounter in driving and other real-life tasks. Thus, the researchers concluded that, at different blood alcohol content levels, the use of psychomotor skills, which includes reaction times, were different (Grant, Millar, and Kenny 2000, p.405-406)
Thus, reaction times in those who are under the influence of alcohol are directly connected with blood alcohol content. But blood alcohol content is different in each person. According to Bigsby (nd), people process alcohol at different levels, and several factors can mitigate the processing of alcohol. For instance, having food in one's stomach can increase the processing…

Alcohol also affects the stomach, the pancreas, and the large and small intestines. Because alcohol increases acid in the stomach, gastritis and/or stomach and intestinal ulcers can result (Dunlap). Insulin, produced by the pancreas, is vital in the regulation of sugar levels in the blood. Alcohol increases the blood sugar, which causes the pancreas to respond by producing insulin, leading to a rapid drop in blood sugar (Dunlap). It is estimated that up to 90% of alcoholics suffer from hypoglycemia as a long-term effect, with symptoms that include dizziness, headaches, loss of concentration, depression, tremors, heart palpitations, anxiety, and loss of coordination (Dunlap). hen prolonged alcohol consumption, the pancreas may stop producing insulin, resulting in diabetes (Dunlap).

Hormones are controlled by the endocrine system, and includes the pineal, pituitary, thyroid and adrenal glands, as well as the ovaries and testes. Because alcohol sedates these glands, hormones react by under-producing, resulting in…

Alcohol elated Disorders
While for many people drinking is just a way to relax, for others consuming alcohol causes abuse and a host of negative disorders. Generally, alcohol disorders are viewed as conditions diagnosed by doctors when the consumption of alcohol by an individual causes negative consequences, some form of harm is done or created. A common symptom is putting themselves in dangerous situations because of their issues with alcohol. Alcohol related disorders are no simply subject and problem-drinking is influenced by a range of factors. For every individual, the influence of factors is diverse. "Problem drinking has multiple causes, with genetic, physiological, psychological, and social factors all playing a role. Not every individual is equally affected by each cause. For some alcohol abusers, psychological traits such as impulsiveness, low self-esteem and a need for approval prompt inappropriate drinking" (apa.org). Other drinkers seek to medicate other issues like ADHD, or even…

The study concluded that there were significant differences in the Blood Alcohol Content (BAC) of the degassed and the regular champagne. These results will be of importance in the proposed study because they will provide further baseline information to compare the results. The data from this study is also important because it suggests that the high CO2 content of champagne may increase the rate of absorption. If these results are valid then it will be important to keep them in mind when asking the subjects of the proposed study to ingest alcohol, realizing that certain drinks are absorbed in different manners.

Alcohol Impairs Speed

The response rate to simple stimuli can be impaired by the administration of alcohol as discovered in previous studies and the proposed study seeks to verify the difference between that impairment in regards to simple and complex events. This particular article documents the results of that impairment concerning…

Alcohol and Highway Safety
Vehicle crashes have been accounted as the leading cause of death in the 15-20-age group of drivers and most of these crashes are alcohol-related. About 1/5 of all U.S. drivers admit to driving while or after drinking and 4 out of 5 of them are legally impaired. There have been prevention laws and further recommendations to prevent drunk driving but violations and fatalities persist. Suggested legislations to reduce overall drunken driving have also been listed. Super Drunk laws have been enforced in Michigan. ut whether these will solve the problem remains to be seen.

Drunk driving is illegal because it increases the risk of accident (Daniels 2012). Drunk driving is known as driving under the influence of alcohol, or DUI, and driving while impaired, or DWI. At this time, normal brain function is affected and slows down as an effect of alcohol. States have their specific laws although…

For more than thirty years governments have been trying to restrict tobacco promotion, however, it seems that nothing except a total ban is going to work (Shatenstein Pp). For example, in response to government crack-downs, the industry has become more heavily involved in sports sponsorship, in fact, tobacco companies are now among the largest sponsors of sport (Shatenstein Pp). Sponsorships such as this confuses health messages, "neutralizes a range of important potential allies for public health including sports organizations, athletes, and politicians, as well as perpetuates the myth that smoking is really not that dangerous to health (Shatenstein Pp). Another promotional ploy is brand stretching, whereby tobacco companies use the name, colors and logo of a cigarette brand on other products that do not have advertising restrictions, such as Marlboro Classics clothing and Camel boots and accessories (Shatenstein Pp).

According to one recent study, alcohol advertising expenditures are greatest in the…

Alcohol and Depression Comorbidity
Comorbidity Alcohol & Depression

The comorbidity or dual diagnosis of mood disorders -- particularly depression -- and alcohol abuse/dependence has increased in awareness during recent years due to the frequency of comorbidity. Depression and alcohol use is a topic that sparks much discussion as depressive symptoms can both precede and/or follow the onset of alcohol dependence (Sokya, Hollweg & Naber, 1996). This often leads to a "chicken or the egg" (Flensborg-Madsen, 2011) type question concerning alcohol abuse/dependence and depression: Which came first -- the abuse/dependence or the depression? Whichever came first, there is evidence to show that there is a causal relationship between the two different disorders (2011).

Alcohol abuse is defined as an alcohol use disorder that is characterized by sustained drinking in spite of any negative consequences as well as the inability to take responsibility for one's own actions -- especially in relation to those negative consequences.…

We are proposing a new set of rules and guidelines Drexel should follow to ensure the success of its students moving forward.
The current policy for the underage consumption of alcohol here at Drexel University goes as followed. Obviously the consumption of alcohol under the age of 21 is highlighted in Drexel drinking policy; in fact Drexel's alcohol policy is in compliance with all of the state of Philadelphia's alcohol policy. Such rules include the Possession, use, or distribution of alcohol by underage students, disruptive conduct due as a result of intoxication and/or providing a space for the consumption of alcohol by underage persons, in addition, the possession of kegs and other bulk containers is prohibited.

If caught under the influence of alcohol by either a Residential advisor, staff member, or Drexel Public safety officer, students would suffer the following consequences.

Strike one- A three-strike system would take effect, strike one being…

Peer counseling can be especially effective in this area; students are often more willing to share problems, even inadvertently, with other students (NIAAA, 2007). Not much can be done about the social aspects of college life, although efforts can be made through counseling to remind people it's okay to take some time to yourself.
Benefits

The benefits of this proposal for increased counseling should be far more effective than education alone; behavior modification techniques have proven most effective in combating alcohol abuse in those of college-age (Shalala, 1995). Beyond reducing alcohol consumption -- and thus improving the health and wellness of our student body and restoring Midwest University's reputation -- this program also aims at the root of the college drinking problem, and the benefits to the student body should be even greater than that which is directly related to alcohol.

Implementation

Peer counselors can be trained during a weekend workshop, with ongoing…

Their organs, particularly the heart, may not from properly and often their brain is small and abnormally formed, and the majority of them have some degree of mental disability (Drinking pp). Moreover, poor coordination, a short attention span and behavioral problems are also found in FAS babies (Drinking pp). These effects can last a lifetime, and any if not mentally retarded, "adolescents and adults with FAS have varying degrees of psychological and behavioral problems and often find it difficult to hold down a job and live independently" (Drinking pp). An estimated ten times the number of babies born with FAS are born with lesser degrees of alcohol-related damage, a condition sometimes referred to as fetal alcohol effects, FAE, or fetal alcohol spectrum disorder, FASD, and may show some of the physical or mental birth defects found with FAS (Drinking pp). More specific diagnostic categories for FAE, refer to the…

5%, and 7% of patients had an alcohol-related discharge diagnosis (Ganry, Joly, Queval, & Dubreuil, 2002). Both studies indicate alcohol abuse in elderly populations, however additional studies are needed to examine the general nature of the problem.
Alcohol abuse is not the only misdiagnosed and mistreated diagnosis suffered by the elderly. There is also growing concern regarding drug use, notably prescription drug use. The elderly is considered one of the highest-risk groups for prescription drug abuse, including the abuse of sedatives and anti-anxiety medications (Jinks, & aschko, 1990). The rate of abuse of prescription drugs is indicated at a greater rate than alcohol due to over-medication and self-medication for chronic illnesses (D'Archangelo, 1993). isk factors for drug abuse are similar to alcohol abuse, and include living situation, martial status, and illness, among other factors. Addressing abuse of both drugs and alcohol abuse in the geriatric population needs to become an essential…

Alcohol tobacco and fire arms (A.T.F)
In the federal government, in one way, the Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms and Explosives is a brand new agency with a new mission, new name and a new place. On the other hand, the status of the agency in the history of United States can be traced back to more than 200 years in a practical way. On January 24, 2003, a new alteration was made in which the ATF was transferred from the Treasury department to the Justice department and its name was somewhat changed with the word "explosives" being added on to make clear one of its major long-standing field of know-how. The 200-year history of the agency, which started receiving the nation's first excise tax on distilled spirits from 1791, was brought to end by the move to Justice. (U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, January 30, 1998, p.1). This…

For the purpose of spreading the information this paper includes some of the signs and symptoms of alcohol dependence. Consuming five or more drinks in a row for boys and four or more drinks in a row for girls is considered binge drinking. Alcohol poisoning is a grave consequence of binge drinking. The signs of alcohol poisoning are feeling confused; having a seizure; experiencing irregular breathing; pale or blue-tinged skin; and passing out (McCollum, 2007). Alcohol slows your heart rate and gag reflex. If the person is passed out and begins to vomit they may choke on it. One should immediately seek medical help if they suspect that someone is experiencing alcohol poisoning (McCollum, 2007).

Alcohol abuse is not a joke or something to be taken lightly. Some people seem to be more prone to becoming dependant on alcohol than others. Some people never drink too much, while others can't seem…

Dangers of Alcohol Alcohol has been counted among the group of drugs known as depressants, whose function is retarding vital functions; this leads to unsteadiness in movement, failure to respond swiftly, slurred speech, and distorted perceptions. With regard to the way it impacts the human mind, alcohol is best construed as a substance which decreases an individual's capability of rational thought and garbles his/her judgment. While it is grouped under depressants, the quantity of alcohol ingested helps determine the kind of impact. The majority of individuals consume alcohol for its stimulating impact (e.g., a glass of wine for “loosening up.”) However, if an individual drinks a greater quantity than his/her body is able to handle, he/she begins experiencing its depressant effect, manifesting as loss of control and balance, or feeling “stupid”.
To certain individuals, a single glass of wine or two to three beers is simply a part of socializing and relaxing. Meanwhile,…

Why do the Elderly turn to Alcohol and Drugs?IntroductionIrrespective of the increasing rates of prescription drug misuse among the elderly, alcohol and drugs remain the mainly used substance among the elderly (Rossow & Tren, 2020). Aging probably leads to physical and social changes that increase vulnerability to substance misuse (Chhatre et al., 2017). Otherwise, because older people have meager metabolic rates, their brains are more sensitive to drugs (Kuerbis, 2020). As a result, they can be more vulnerable to the consequences of alcohol and drug intake. Consequently, several research studies on alcohol and drug treatment among the elderly have focused on Alcohol use disorders (Jayadevappa et al., 2015). Therefore, this research seeks to understand in detail various parameters that contribute to increasing alcohol intake among the elderly to find appropriate remedies to contain the increasing prevalence of alcohol use disorders among the elderly.TerminologyBaby Boomers. Refers to generational people born between…

Ban Alcoholic Beverages on CampusVarious arguments have been presented in the past regarding whether or not alcoholic drinks or beverages should be banned on campus grounds even for those students who have attained the legal drinking age. This text advances the opinion that there is need to ban alcoholic beverages on campus with the said ban applying to even those students who are of the legal drinking age.From the onset, it would be prudent to note that banning alcohol beverages would come in handy in efforts to minimize alcohol abuse or use later on in life. This is an assertion that is backed up by research conducted in the past. For instance, in a study conducted by Wechsler, Gledhill, and Nelson (2001), the authors made a finding to the effect that students at ban colleges were 30% less likely to be heavy episodic drinkers and more likely to abstain…

For a recovering alcoholic, it may seem the temptation to drink is overwhelming and ubiquitous. Alcohol can even be considered normative to the point that people who abstain are considered deviant. As Knapp points out in Chapter 16 of Drinking: A Love Story, recovery is a daily, sometimes hourly struggle as she longs to drink even while she yearns for healing. Her healing process might seem easier with temptation kept at bay, but one of the most salient points of Drinking is that an addiction can migrate as a person shifts from one compulsion to another without resolving the underlying psychological trauma. If not alcohol, it could be something legal like prescription drugs or sniffing glue. Criminalization does not prevent addiction; it only pushes it underground and makes it much harder for people to heal, to be open with their problems, and to build resilience. When Knapp goes so far as…

Instead, their main aim is to encourage increased usage of a particular brand by those who already consume alcohol, and to encourage brand loyalty. In other words, the main objective is market share. Advertisers who reach their goals gain market share at the expense of others in the same market, who lose share. The total market for the product is not increased.
Hanson uses a practical example from the United States to illustrate the reasons why advertisers do not focus on increasing the total alcohol market. He notes that the total market value of beer per year in the United States is about $50 billion. If a beer company increases its market share within this market by 1%, this would amount to a $500 million increase in sales. An increase of the total beer market by 1%, on the other hand, would mean an increase of only $50 million in…

Alcohol is classified as a depressant because it slows down the release of neurochemicals that inhibit certain behaviors. The subjective feelings associated with alcohol intoxication are due to its effects on the brain and central nervous system but that system also controls our behaviors. The depression of certain neurotransmitters often reduces reflex time and reduces general inhibitions.
The digestive system is also strongly affected by alcohol consumption. Alcohol is absorbed almost entirely by the small intestine, from where the alcohol seeps into the blood. The liver is strongly affected by the absorption of alcohol and is in fact the main organ responsible for metabolizing alcohol. hen too much alcohol is consumed, the liver becomes overtaxed and cannot filter the toxins from the body as fast as it normally can. Over the long-term, the liver can become permanently damaged from too much alcohol consumption.

The heart and circulatory system are also affected…

Alcoholism will be defined, according to the DSM as a "maladaptive pattern of substance use leading to clinically significant impairment or distress, as manifested by one (or more) of the following, occurring within a 12-month period:…a failure to fulfill major role obligations; & #8230;recurrent substance use in situations in which it is physically hazardous; & #8230;recurrent substance-related legal problems;" and "continued substance use despite having persistent or recurrent social or interpersonal problems caused or exacerbated by the effects of the substance" (Alcohol abuse diagnosis, 2011, Mental Health Channel).
Operational definition of dependent variables 2: Subjects will be asked to answer a questionnaire on current behaviors, to see if they cohere with the above DSM definition of alcoholism.

Operational definition for the independent variables 2: Losing a spouse will be defined as having lost a partner with whom the individual was either a. legally married to or b. had a significant, committed…

Alcohol vs. coffee: Literary reaction
"The sweet Poison of the Treacherous Grape/....Drowning our very Reason and our Souls." The 18th century marked the beginning of what would come to be known as the neoclassical era of art and literature. It was the era of satire, marked by a belief in reason over emotion, an age which prized what was artificial, man-made and constructed over what was natural and instinctive. It was also the era of coffee and the coffee house. In this poem, coffee is celebrated as a beverage that sharpens the intellect, rather than dulls it like alcohol, the 'poison' that drowns reason. Throughout the poem, a dichotomy of coffee vs. alcohol is created. The values of the Age of Enlightenment are exemplified in this contrast, as well as many of the literary features of the era, including rhyming couplets, metrical verse, and poems that 'say' what they mean rather…

Alcohol and Youth
According to the Center on Marketing and Youth (CAMY), states are not doing very much in terms of keeping adolescents and other youth from being over-exposed to alcohol-related advertisements on television. The liquor and beer companies are clearly interested in getting young people started with their particular brand, and through television commercials those companies make beer and liquor seem very "cool" to impressionable young people. This paper reviews and critiques the literature on youth and alcohol-related advertising on television -- including peer-reviewed scholarship from several sources.

Youth Exposure to Alcohol Advertising

The Center on Alcohol Marketing and Youth -- a component of the Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health -- reports that the amount of advertising on television that specifically targets youth rose by 38% between 2001 and 2007. About one in five alcohol advertisements was placed on programs that attracts young people ages 12 to 20 (CAMY). The…

Alcohol
How effective has the legal prohibition of alcohol been in controlling crime? A recent Department of Justice Report (U.S. Department of Justice) said that alcohol was a factor in 40% of all violent crimes and accounted for 40.9% of all traffic fatalities in the U.S.A. In the last decade. ut these figures were 34% and 29%, respectively, lower than those of the previous decade. The Report further stated that arrests conducted for driving under the influence of alcohol correspondingly declined and attributed this to the establishment of the legal and uniform drinking age in the early 1980s.

Elucidating, the Report said that, approximately 3 million violent crimes occurred each year in that decade where the offenders were drinking at the time. And although arrests were made in every age group, those made on offenders below 21 notably decreased. The rate of intoxication in fatal accidents, it said, likewise went down in…

Like alcohol, tobacco use is prohibited by minors but permitted by adults. Also like alcohol, tobacco use is detrimental to the health of the user, except even more so.

Whereas alcohol consumption generally benign and only acutely harmful when it is overused, tobacco use (especially in the form of cigarettes) is extremely dangerous for practically all users. This is simply a function of the fact that "typical" use of tobacco entails physical addiction to nicotine, its primary active ingredient. For this reason, it is very rare for smokers to use tobacco too infrequently to become chronic daily users

In contrast, most alcohol users do not partake so often that it compromises their physical health.

The dramatic long-term medical consequences of long-term tobacco use are universal as well as predictable; in fact, the medical community is united in the position that tobacco use causes more preventable illness and death than all forms of criminal…

Alcohol and usiness Ethics
Introduction moral society is built on the basis of a number of unspoken, but generally agreed upon social issues. A moral society generally applies the maxim "treat others in the way you would like to be treated" and this proverb, although it's heard more frequently in the school play yard than in the corporate boardroom, should affect business decisions which affect the community at large. Some would say that operating a business within legal boundaries is not an accurate measure of an ethical business. Within the past few decades, advertising has become the focus of ethical pressure. The 'Joe Camel' cartoon character developed as a spokesperson - mascot for the camel cigarette was pulled after community outrage that the furry, cute character was likely an attempt by the company to market their addictive and destructive products to children.

A tremendous pressure has been brought to bear on businesses…

S. provide funds for staff development on drug use and alcohol use by school-age children. But only 26% of elementary school classes and required middle school and high school health education courses had a teacher that had received "staff development on alcohol or other drug-use prevention" (SHIPPS). Still, SHIPPS reports that 91.4% of high schools and 80.4% of middle schools surveyed teach the "benefits of not using alcohol" and 90.3% of high schools and 79.4% of middle schools teach the "benefits of not using illegal drugs." These data are based on schools that have "required instruction" in those areas of health education.
An article in the Journal of School Health (Summerlin-Long, 2008) details "tobacco-free school" (TFS) policies; the article references "positive reports" from "key informants" in 46 school districts in North Carolina that had passed TFS policies between December 2001 and August 2005. This article is particularly pertinent because of North…

Alcohol has extreme effects on physical and social functioning that has the potential to harm people who are not involved with the actual consumption. If an individual who has consumed alcohol chooses to drive while intoxicated then the potential for harm is increased exponentially. Of course, the effects on the body itself demonstrate that alcohol is a dangerous drug that should not be available to the general public. As with many illegal or controlled substances or other objects, it has been shown time and time again that the general public often needs protection from themselves, and protection from each other. hen the dangers are also translated to innocent victims like strangers, and close friends, the choice should be removed for those not responsible enough or strong enough to avoid the temptation. Since the existence and knowledge of alcohol cannot be removed, the legality can be and serious punishment imposed…

In Alberta, liquor stores have been privatized, although the government still maintains strict regulations on anyone who sells liquor. It is available in liquor stores, retail outlets, and in bars and restaurants. Many people felt this would lead to widespread addiction and abuse, but studies indicate that may not be the case. In an economic study completed in 2005 comparing Ontario and Quebec's monopolies with Alberta's privatization, the results were surprising. People believe that revenues would decline if the monopolies went public, but in fact, because Alberta sets a flat rate for liquor prices, revenues actually went up in Alberta, not down. In addition, a wider variety of products and brands is available in Alberta than in either of the other two provinces, and there are more locations available to buy liquor in Alberta ("Privatization of alcohol trade"). In fact, since privatizing the liquor industry, Alberta's sales have almost doubled,…

Legal Age for Alcohol Consumption
Laws are established for the legal age of alcohol consumption in order to attend to the best interests of both youth and society at large. With exposure to such influences as music, television, movies, and peers, youth are under pressure to behave in certain ways and partake in certain activities to be perceived as being "cool." Alcohol consumption among young people may be seen as a way to loosen up, fit in, or even possibly as a sign of rebellion against parents, teachers, and figures of authority in general.

It is often difficult for youth to know their limits and exactly how much alcohol they can consume and yet still be somewhat "in control." This results in increased risks of alcohol poisonings, drunk driving, and in some cases death among the adolescent population. Therefore, with the well being of youth and society in mind, it would not…

alcohol and its consumption. On television, billboards, and in magazines, images of beautiful and exotic people enjoying alcoholic beverages mix with funny quips and skits that relate to alcohol. ut are these images irresponsible? Do they promote alcohol consumption by minors and even alcohol abuse? I will prove that they do encourage minors to drink illegally by promoting alcohol in a manner than is particularly attractive to teens -- peer pressure.
In the interest of being brief, I will use only two specific commercial types: that of the beautiful woman who is attracted to a male drinking a certain beverage and the commercial that appeals to both sexes that is more of an entertaining advertisement for how much fun can be had when drinking. The first appeals directly to males, leading them to believe that somehow beautiful women are drawn to a certain type of drink. Teenage males are particularly…

This lack of ADH makes the collecting duct impermeable to water (www.nmc.edu/~koverbaugh/bio106/su02/chapt15.htm)." ADH production decreases when alcohol is consumed, resulting in dehydration.
When there is a low blood volume, the "juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes enin, leading to Angiotensinogen, Angiotensin I, and Angiotensin II. Angiotensin II causes the adrenal gland to secrete aldosterone, which increases the return of Na to blood. This increased salt in the blood causes water to diffuse into the blood from the urine (www.nmc.edu/~koverbaugh/bio106/su02/chapt15.htm)." The secretion of aldosterone is "also triggered when potassium levels are elevated (hyperkalemia), and through the sodium-potassium pump, it increases potassium excretion while increasing sodium reabsorption (http://www.dacc.edu/~lgarret/fluid.html)."

Conclusion

Alcohol consumption negatively affects the urinary system by decreasing the production of ADH. This reduction of ADH will cause the body to become dehydrated, and can lead to electrolyte imbalance.

eferences

Controlling the Internal Environment. (accessed 04 October, 2004). www.3redravens.net/apbio/Chap44notes.html).

Fluid, Electrolyte, and pH Balance. (accessed 04 October, 2004). http://www.dacc.edu/~lgarret/fluid.html).

The Urinary…

The user's mouth feels dry, and he or she may suddenly become very hungry and thirsty. His or her hands may tremble and grow cold. The euphoria passes after awhile, and then the user may feel sleepy or depressed. Occasionally, marijuana use produces anxiety, fear, distrust, or panic http://www.starliterecovery.com/marijuana.asp.
Marijuana use impairs a person's ability to form memories, recall events (see Marijuana, Memory, and the Hippocampus), and shift attention from one thing to another. THC also disrupts coordination and balance by binding to receptors in the cerebellum and basal ganglia, parts of the brain that regulate balance, posture, coordination of movement, and reaction time.11 Through its effects on the brain and body, marijuana intoxication can cause accidents. Studies show that approximately 6 to 11% of fatal accident victims test positive for THC. In many of these cases, alcohol is detected as well http://www.starliterecovery.com/marijuana.asp.

"An interesting study was done with airline pilots,"…

Drug and Alcohol Abuse on Families and Community
Drug and alcohol abuse are found to have devastating impact on families of addicts and their larger community. These addictions can destroy family dynamics and relationships thereby giving birth to extreme stress, resentment, behavioral disorders and disintegration within the family. When a member of the family is diagnosed with alcohol or drug addiction, others members are likely to become extremely involved in the situation that adds to stress and tension eventually giving birth to a dysfunctional family unit. Involvement, whether physical, emotional or simply psychological, is bound to leave a deep impression on the behavior of families, often resulting in development of deviant behavior in other family members. This is a negative though natural response to the stressful situation. Milhorn Jr. (1994) in his guide for families with drug addicts contends:

The effects of drug addiction on the user's family are profound. Members…

Social science researchers can use either qualitative or quantitative strategies to develop informed and timely answers to their research questions, but these two approaches involve analyzing fundamentally different data sets. On the one hand, qualitative researchers can use various methods such as case studies, ethnographic studies, phenomenological studies, grounded theory, narrative and/or content analyses (Neuman, 2009). On the other hand, social science researchers can use quantitative strategies such as observational studies, correlational research, experimental, quasi-experimental and survey designs (Neuman, 2009). While both qualitative and quantitative research questions seek to gain new insights into a given phenomenon, there are also basic differences between the types of data that are used.
By definition, quantitative research involves the analysis of numeric data in some form while qualitative research uses words, graphics and other data to formulate answers to guiding research questions (Neuman, 2009). These differences mean that designing a research question from a qualitative…

United States or Europe but there are a few outliers. First off, Sharma et al. (2013) is written from an Indian perspective. Further, Salmon et al. (2014) directly references Vietnamese hospitals but is written in a clearly labeled American journal while Zaragoza et al. (1999) and its study was set in Barcelona. Girou et al. (2002) appears in a British journal. Zaragoza et al. is in an American Journal. The basic comparison that is prevalent in all of the journal articles at one level or another is the comparison in results and cleanliness between traditional soap scrub downs and alcohol-based solutions being used in those same scrubbing sessions. The comparisons being made were based on the efficacy of the hand-washing solution, the time it took to do each washing solution and so forth. For example, Chow et al. (2012) looked at both. It actually compared three protocols in total,…

Paenting Style Influence on Excess Alcohol Intake Among Jewish Youth
Clinical Psychology

The health hazads that ae associated with adolescent alcohol use ae well documented, and thee is gowing ecognition among policymakes and clinicians alike that moe needs to be done to addess this public health theat. The pupose of this study was to examine the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish college students in the United States. The study daws on attachment theoy, social leaning theoy, and a paenting style model as the main theoetical famewoks to evaluate the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish adolescents to develop infomed answes to the study's thee guiding eseach questions concening the elationship between peceived paenting style and excess alcohol use of male, Jewish, college students aged 18-26 yeas, the elationship between academic achievement and the alcohol use fequency of male Jewish college students…

Paenting Style Influence on Excess Alcohol Intake Among Jewish Youth
Clinical Psychology

The health hazads that ae associated with adolescent alcohol use ae well documented, and thee is gowing ecognition among policymakes and clinicians alike that moe needs to be done to addess this public health theat. The pupose of this study was to examine the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish college students in the United States. The study daws on attachment theoy, social leaning theoy, and a paenting style model as the main theoetical famewoks to evaluate the effects of diffeent paenting styles on alcohol consumption levels among Jewish adolescents to develop infomed answes to the study's thee guiding eseach questions concening the elationship between peceived paenting style and excess alcohol use of male, Jewish, college students aged 18-26 yeas, the elationship between academic achievement and the alcohol use fequency of male Jewish college students…

Parenting styles have been correlated with the degree and frequency of alcohol use in college age students (that is what the next sentence is for!). In particular, there has been a clear association between parental monitoring and less drinking among teens (Beck et al., 2004). In fall 2006, a random sample of under graduate students attending 10 universities were invited to participate in an online Internet-based survey of alcohol use and other risky behaviors (O'Brien, McCoy, Rhodes, Wagoner, & Wolfson, 2008). All participating universities had a graduate program and surveys were sent to graduate and undergraduate students combined (O'Brien, McCoy, Rhodes, Wagoner & Wolfson, 2008). Campuses ranged from approximately 5,375 to 44,841 students (O'Brien, McCoy, Rhodes, Wagoner & Wolfson, 2008). Further, 139 Caucasian well-educated parents were paired with their adolescent children and assessed according to their perceived parenting styles (O'Brien, McCoy, Rhodes, Wagoner & Wolfson, 2008) Comment by AJ: Not…

Alcohol, Drugs, And Domestic Violence
Family violence - or male aggression against women in a relationship setting - also known as domestic violence (DV) is most certainly a devastating social and moral problem in our society; but it is also a serious police problem, and an expensive health problem. In fact, the annual health care cost associated with the manifestations of DV is estimated to run as high as $857 million in the United States (odiguez, et al., 2001). But moreover, DV takes a toll on American families that is much greater than any dollar amount could ever reflect - and, in addition, DV is a social blemish on the face of America that seems to be getting worse, not better. The "causes" of violence in the family - why men act aggressively against their wives and girlfriends and even their children - are varied and complicated; but in too many…

Alcohol and Special Populations: Unique Problems and Considerations That Apply to the Military
The military is a special population that has its own culture and its own code of ethics. Its veterans have their own VA hospital and society recognizes a distinct difference between civilian and military life. The effect of alcohol on the military, therefore, requires unique consideration outside the realm of investigations on the effects of alcohol on mainstream America. This paper will describe the effect of alcohol on the military, identify unique problems and considerations that apply to the military, and compare and contrast the military to the overall U.S. population in terms of the problem of alcohol. It will conclude with a description of the best treatment practices for specific issues relevant to the military.

The Effect of Alcohol on the Military

The military population is not without its weakness for alcohol consumption. As Pemberton et al. (2011) note,…

Alcohol and substance abuse is a prevalent problem among youth. Effects of alcohol and substance abuse range from mental health problems like depression and suicide ideation to dating violence, to poor academic performance (adliff, Wheaton, obinson, & Morris, 2012). Early exposure to substance and alcohol abuse in the home may lead to an earlier instance of drug and alcohol abuse. This is because of the higher degree of availability and potential lack of parental involvement. This research paper aims to highlight the various ways in which drug and alcohol abuse affect youth from within and outside the home.
Effects of alcohol and substance abuse on high school youth

Academic failure can be one effect of substance and alcohol abuse. One study notes the lack of school commitment from youth experimenting with drugs and alcohol (Kelly et al., 2015, p. 627). The study examined gender, and substance/alcohol abuse in a 30-day period, noting…

Economics of Alchohol Abuse
Alcohol for consumption is not a necessary food item, but for some has become a standard part of adult culture. Increasing the level of alcohol consumption, however, moves from an economic paradigm to a social issue due to the ancillary health and behavioral effects from alcohol abuse. In turn, this becomes part of economics in that it requires fiscal resources to treat societal issues caused by alcoholism: domestic abuse, crime, traffic or driving issues, etc. The economic effects of alcohol are undebatable, and are pervasive in the overt and covert areas of the economy (short- and long-term) (Fogarty, 2006).

In the economic sphere of political and social policy, alcohol, like tobacco and gambling, are considered a "sin" tax that is ostensibly designed to reduce transactions for issues society considers dangerous or undesirable. However, when it comes to alcohol, many see that this type of a sumptuary taxation policy…

Marital Status/Alcohol
The Association between Marital Status and Alcohol Use

Marital status appears to be associated with alcohol consumption for both men and women. Men in long-term marriages and relationships appear to drink significantly less alcohol than single men, whereas women may demonstrate a different pattern (Chatav & Whisman, 2007). Women and long-term marriages may actually show slightly higher levels of alcohol use than for women who were divorced (Reczek, Liu, & Spiker, In Press). This study attempts to further validate this particular finding.

eavy alcohol abuse is related to higher mortality rates and lower life expectancies, whereas the effects of mild to moderate alcohol use appear to range from beneficial to detrimental (e.g., Gunzerath, Faden, Zakhari, & Warren, 2004; Mokdad, Marks, Stroup, & Gerberdig, 2000). Given these findings there has been a significant sociological policy to encourage healthy levels of alcohol use in adults (Witkiewitz & Marlatt, 2006). The potential for alcohol…

Introduction Addiction does not have an assigned definition. This effectively means that there are various definitions to drug and alcohol addiction that have been explored in the past. For purposes of this discussion, addiction will be defined as “a chronic, relapsing disorder characterized by compulsive drug seeking, continued use despite harmful consequences, and long-lasting changes in the brain” (National Institute on Drug Abuse, 2019). In addition to evaluating the effectiveness of group therapy aid in the treatment of alcohol addiction, this paper will, amongst other things, highlight various aspects of the formations designed to assist alcohol addicts as well as those affected by the alcohol addiction problems/behaviors of loved ones.
Discussion
It is important to note, from the onset, that the relevance of group therapy in the treatment of alcohol addiction cannot be overstated. In essence, “the natural propensity of human beings to congregate makes group therapy a powerful therapeutic tool for treating…

hile each of these studies has reported a cardioprotective effect of alcohol, they differ over which type of alcoholic beverage provides the greatest benefit" (634).
Overlooked in many of these studies, though, is the fact that some people who categorize themselves as being one type of drinker compared to another may engage in other activities that are unhealthy from the outset (for instance, beer drinkers may be more likely to also be tobacco users) while others may engage in a wide range of healthy behaviors (for example, wine drinkers may not be smokers and may job or exercise regularly). As McGregor and his colleagues emphasize, "One inherent difficulty within these studies is that in the general population, drinkers distinguished as primarily wine, beer or spirits drinkers tend to differ in other important aspects. If, for example, wine drinkers are found to be healthier, it may be the result of a…

08% or higher. Blood Alcohol content is the concentrated amount of alcohol in the blood, and this number can be assessed via chemical and Breathalyzer tests. Though this limit was previously as high as.10% in some states, even the lowered limit is not adequate to prevent alcohol related vehicle accidents. In fact, law enforcement officials classify an accident as alcohol related if a driver's blood alcohol content was.01%, or two drinks, or higher. Though some groups praise the.08% law as one of the biggest steps in drunk driving prevention, other groups believe a no tolerance policy should be adopted for operating under the influence of alcohol, similar to the policy that is already in effect for minors.
The physiological effects of alcohol do not begin at.08%. In fact, they begin at much lower blood alcohol content levels. According to Brown University, moodiness increases at.02-.03%; fatigue, delayed reaction time, and errors in…

Australian Laws for Alcohol Use
Australian Laws related to Alcohol Use

Underage drinking is a huge problem in Australia and more and more minors are having access to alcohol. This is having a big impact on their mental, emotional and physical growth as well as on the society at large. The existing laws do not provide stringent punishment to the offenders, especially those who are making it easy for underage drinkers to have access to alcohol and it is time the Government increases the punishment to make it more difficult for them to have access to it. The Government should also pass laws that will fill the existing loopholes and also provide a support system for young kids to turn to when they have emotional problems. A combination of these measures can go a long way in curbing underage drinking in Australia.

Underage drinking is a common problem in many parts of the…

" (1995)
The authors state: "The amphetamines occasioned dose-related increases in d- amphetamine-appropriate responding, whereas hydromorphone did not. Amphetamines also occasioned dose-related increases in reports of the drug being most like "speed," whereas hydromorphone did not. However, both amphetamines and hydromorphone occasioned dose-related increases in reports of drug liking and in three scales of the ARCI. Thus, some self-report measures were well correlated with responding on the drug-appropriate lever and some were not. Lamb and Henningfield (1994) suggest that self-reports are complexly controlled by both the private event and the subject's history of experience with the drug. Some of the self-reports they observed (e.g., feels like speed) are probably occasioned by a relatively narrow range of stimuli because in the subject's experience with drug administration, these reports have been more selectively reinforced by the verbal community relative to other reports (e.g., drug liking). They also suggest that these results imply that…

1968).
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is clearly a debilitating, serious, and devastating disease that affects not only prenatal fetuses, but developing children, teenagers, and adults, as well as their families, and society in general. While more research is needed to discover possible medications, surgery, or other choices for those already born with FAS, the only solution to the problem is education for pregnant women on the dangers of alcohol consumption on the life of their unborn child. Women addicted to alcohol should seek immediate assistance during pregnancy to avoid causing lifelong damage to their child, and those not addicted should abstain from alcohol consumption during pregnancy. It is only through abstinence that FAS can be extinguished.

eferences

Aase, J.M., 1981, "The fetal alcohol syndrome in American Indians: A high risk group," Neurobehavioral Toxicology and Teratology, vol. 3, no. 2, p. 153-156.

Abel, E.L. & Sokol, .J., 1986, "Fetal alcohol syndrome is now leading cause…

Substance use is frequently associated with child abuse and domestic violence. It also is a leading contributor to marital dissatisfaction, family breakups and rejection of family members. The importance of the family in understanding alcohol and drug use and abuse is underlined by these highly destructive consequences of alcohol and drug dependency on the abuser and the family. (Lala; Straussner; Fewell, 17)
Peer Group plays an important part in resolving the problem as they are able to take the drug or alcohol abuser more into confidence compared to others since most people associate themselves with their respective peer group in terms of habits, tastes and concerns. It has been demonstrated that a drug abuser will definitely abide by a member of the peer group to which he belongs and obey requests of abstinence more than anyone else. Educational system also plays an important role in tackling the prevalence of the…

Taxes on Alcohol and Tobacco:
The alcohol industry is increasingly being considered for an increase in taxes in attempts to help in providing health care insurance to all people. As heath care insurance continues to be a major issue in the United States, policy makers are looking for effective measures to provide health insurance coverage for all. Currently, senators and other policy makers are focusing on the ways to provide health care coverage in order to extend insurance for approximately 50 million uninsured Americans that could total to $1.5 trillion over a decade. Furthermore, these policymakers are examining various ways to lessen expenses and increase taxes including increasing alcohol and tobacco tax to help cater for the expansion. The main reason for the proposed increase in taxes of alcohol and tobacco is that they are among the main contributors to the increasing medical costs. With these proposals and measures, the main…

Drug and alcohol abuse is a serious problem among many young people for a variety of reasons. First, statistics show that drugs and alcohol are being abused by a large segment of the teen and young adult population, which can greatly increase their likelihood of a premature death. Secondly, many things can happen to young adults that do not lead to death, but can ruin their lives. Finally, drug and alcohol abuse can have a serious impact on relationships with friends and family.
According to the National Drug Statistics Summary, approximately 14 million Americans used illegal drugs in 2000. Among the teenagers interviewed for the survey, nearly ten percent had used drugs in the month before the interview. The findings for alcohol abuse were even higher. Nearly half of Americans over the age of twelve reported that they drank alcoholic beverages. This is a serious issue. First, the drugs in themselves…

Domestic Violence & Alcohol
Role of Domestic Violence and alcohol in marriage

The Role of Domestic Violence and Alcohol

Evidence of Effective Treatment

The purpose of this work is to examine the relation of alcohol, specifically alcoholism in relation to domestic abuse perpetrated against one spouse by the other in marriage where alcohol plays a leading role in attributing to the abuse.

Most individuals are able to have a drink or two with their evening meal and simply relax with no event ensuing. However, there are individuals that cannot take even the first drink and it has been observed that there are those so sensitive to the effects of alcohol that merely opening a bottle and inhaling the fumes changes their personality immediately. Alcoholism is a volatile and dangerous mix in any marriage but within the marriage where issues already exist alcohol may progress toward the end of the spectrum that is considered to be…