We are much less active in our perception of smell, touch, sound, and taste. The other four senses are spontaneous and static, whereas the sense of sight is controllable and dynamic. For example, we cannot control our experience of a scent by focusing our noses, we can only control it by terminating the experience completely, e.g. covering our noses or moving out of the scent's range. Sound also has a way of just happening to you, you have no control over how sound reaches your ear except by terminating contact with it by covering your ears or insulating your rooms to obstruct the sound.
Conclusion

Sight is currently the dominant source of knowledge in creating our model of reality. As we become more interested in distant and unfamiliar things that we cannot hear, smell, feel, or taste, sight is plays a larger and larger role in constructing our model of reality.….

Architecture & Behavior
Architecture Behavior

There is little question but that architecture is a regulator of human behavior. What sites and facilities look like and function as play key roles in the way people respond to and even participate in what they have to offer. The emergence of a number of fields of study on issues as diverse as health care practices and the habits of crime and safety as well as the developing field of New Urbanism all take for granted that the physical structures on which we depend impact the ways we reflect the world we live in -- for good and for bad. The American Psychological Association's Task Force on Urban Psychology put it this way: "urban psychology proposes that the mix of people and places that make up the urban setting affects psychological functioning and development in these settings" (APA, nd: vi) But exactly how it does this….

From approximately 1930 until the 1980s, rectangular and functional spaces were the chief form of architecture around the world in general. The latter part of the 20th century -- the 1980s onward -- saw change once again, however (2008). For the most part, 20th century architecture, however, "focused on machine aesthetics or functionality and failed to incorporate any ornamental accents in the structure" (2008). The designs were, for the most part, simplistic, uncomplicated, and lacking excessive detail in both the design and the construction process (2008). The term "form follows function" was based on this type of architecture (2008).
Ornamentation on a building does not necessarily have to be seen as criminal because, in many cases, ornamentation has social uses like serving as landmarks, offering the identity of the building, referencing scale, and attracting individuals to go inside the building. Ornamentation, under these examples, can be seen as quite functional….

Architecture and Linguistics
Classical architecture can be described within the context of a linguistic model. Architecture and grammar are commonly described in terms of each other, and a deeper investigation reveals the strong conceptual relations between the two fields. As linguistic grammar comes from rules of the combination of words in sentences, a type of architectural grammar comes from the rules that relate to the combination of rooms within buildings. Further, linguistic semantics have an architectural correlate.

There seems to be a strong and ubiquitous relationship between architectural and linguistics. As such, the concepts of architecture and grammar are often intertwined within both the fields of linguistics and architecture. Elizabeth Cole's book "The Grammar of Architecture" typifies this natural and almost instinctive relationship, as it describes its comprehensive look at the history of architecture in linguistic terms. Similarly, Ronald Kaplain describes his look at English grammar in terms of architecture in his….

Architecture and Urban Transformation: evisioning
The objective of this research is to examine the central of Footscray and specifically to posed specific questions including whether there is a discernable orderly underlying the structure of the city and how does one ready the city, decipher the complexities of the city and how does that reading inform the production of architecture? Also addressed in this study are the questions of how could the urban proposal act as a fulcrum to reengage with city and how does the architectural investigation enable expression of inclusiveness? Toward the goal of addressing these specific questions this study intends to conduct a review of literature relating to urban architectural production. The literature reviewed will be that of professional and academic peer-reviewed journals and publication. The findings reported are located in the discussion and conclusion sections of the present study.

Architecture and Urban Transformation: evisioning

Statement of Thesis

This work in writing….

This indicates the open and natural lines of the American prairie fields. A very interesting element of the obie House design is that it has neither a basement nor an attic; the latter was omitted to perpetuate the visual element of the horizontal represented by the house, while the former was omitted for the simple reason that Wright found it aesthetically unpleasant.
Instead, the communication of the house with the earth is a clean break between built surface and natural foundation, with only a four-step descent to allow for the furnace and coal rooms and a pit for working on the cars in the garage.

Another consideration in terms of the home's communication with its environment was its location in a city environment; the architect did not have much by way of natural environment to work with; hence a focus on geometrical construction to indicate the forms of nature -- in….

Elements like "exposed concrete beams, flat roofs, and large metal windows" are signature elements of both Villa Tegendhat and the Eames House (Neumann 88). What these structures do is to reduce the gap between commercial and personal, between home space and work space. After all, the Eames House was erected as a working studio by its own architectural team. It is a literal fusion of form and function; it is both work house and living space. The concept of blending industrial and domestic elements of design was quintessentially modern. With Villa Tegendhat, Mies would "revolutionize the aesthetics of the bourgeois interi- or by adopting materials and visual elements from the commercial architecture of store displays and exhibition spaces," (Neumann 88). In fact, Mies had revealed the multiple uses for chrome plating, which would be used in domestic architecture for the first time concurrently with uses in the automotive industry….

Connor, Mallory McCane. Lost Cities of the Ancient Southeast. Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1995.

A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=91043982

Roth, Leland M. A Concise History of American Architecture. Boulder, CO: estview Press, 1980.

A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001802433

hite, Janet R. "The Ephrata Cloister: Intersections of Architecture and Culture in an Eighteenth-Century Utopia." Utopian Studies 11.2 (2000): 57.

A www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=110539831

Eduardo Matos Moctezuma, "6 From Teotihuacan to Tenochtitlan Their Great Temples," trans. Scott Sessions, Mesoamerica's Classic Heritage: From Teotihuacan to the Aztecs, ed. David Carrasco, Lindsay Jones, and Scott Sessions (Boulder, CO: University Press of Colorado, 2000) 188. http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=70446617

Mallory McCane O'Connor, Lost Cities of the Ancient Southeast (Gainesville, FL: University Press of Florida, 1995) 17. http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5002571050

Dennis Doxtater, "Parallel Universes on the Colorado Plateau: Indications of Chacoan Integration of an Earlier Anasazi Focus at Canyon De Chelly," Journal of the Southwest 45.1-2 (2003). http://www.questiaschool.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=99883323

Alan Gowans, Styles and Types of North American Architecture: Social Function and Cultural Expression (New York: Icon Editions,….

3. When he says architecture to-day is no longer conscious of its own beginnings, what does this seem to mean? What is his problem with architects, and do you think it is a problem?

What he means by this is that when architecture first came about it was born from someone's imagination and their viewpoints. There was nothing to compare it to and thus was original and novel. Le Corbusier is saying that now everything that is built is based upon some pre-existing style or idea and that no one is doing anything original. It is all about following in what is tried and true. This is a problem in the fact that without imagination and invention, things will become stale and tired and no new ways of doing things will ever be discovered.

Adolf Loos: "Ornament and Crime"

1. What does Loos' comparison of human cultures, especially Europeans and the Papuans (from….

Indeed, the first use of the term 'architect' as against 'master mason' in France dates from 1511 and reflects the increasing influence of Italian ideas" ( P88). Heller goes on to state that "…humanist learning in architecture not only raised the status of the architect, it also helped to foster a new division of labor in construction…"( Heller 88).
1.4. Significance

The innovative design that was exhibited in this construction was to lead to unique and progressive developments in the field of architecture. This is evidenced by the following quotation; "This manner of thinking through the project as a whole and determining every aspect of its structure, construction, and aesthetics was very different from the traditional ways of the masons and was to some extent the birth of the modern architectural profession." (Castex 52)

runelleschi's design and building expertise was also innovative in other ways as well. His creation of a new….

The importance of the previous site to the locals is evidence in the fact that parts of that older building were "built into the terrace wall," ("Aegina, Temple of Aphaia (Building)"). The Temple of Portuna was built of different materials than the Greek temple, out of "tufa and travertine blocks which had been originally been coated with a fine layer of stucco," (Sullivan). What is significant from the context of construction is that the Temple of Portuna was built before marble was "widely accepted as a construction material in ome," (the Architecture of oman Temples: The epublic to the Middle Empire). Stucco was used, and so was travertine, materials that remained in use but less so after marble became fashionable in ome.
The cultural context of these two buildings tells much about the role that architecture plays in the community and culture. In ome, the Temple of Portunus was dedicated….

Architecture and People (Tiesdel and Oc)
Architecture can be assessed aesthetically alone, as with a photograph, or experientially and as environments. This chapter is concerned with the latter.

while architecture can impact and improve social behavior, there are exceptions to that, it does not always work

Determinism: Environment determines behavior (is a crude belief, narrow minded) -- also takes away attention from real problems that the architecture was intended to solve but doesn't (like poverty)

Non-Determinism: also limited

Ideally, accept both; there is a mutual relationship between behavior and environment; environment is not the only determinant of behavior but it can be one factor

Amos Rappaport -- expanded view: determinancy is a "generic term for the continuum begtween determinancy and non-determinancy"

Continuum: One end is Physical environment determines human behavior=====Other end is Possibiliism (physical environment offers opportunities for people to make choices). IN between these two is Probabilism (physical environment not determining but makes some choices more….

The Palais des Soviets and the Palais des Nations, like the Party Buildings in Nuremberg, symbolized the hoped for triumph of a "new order." Communism, like Nazism, believed that society functioned according to certain, almost mathematical laws. The dialectic of class against class had brought the proletariat to power, and the communist Soviet state represented the natural and inevitable apex of human evolution and history. Le Corbusier shared in the Nazi predilection for seeing scientific order as an ideal in all things. The classical building with its carefully defined parts and their mathematical relationships to one another were like the parts of a machine - each piece an essential part of the whole, the whole inoperable without the parts. Indeed, Le Corbusier likened the house to these engines of the industrial age calling houses "machines for living."
In 1931, the government of the Soviet Union announced a competition for designs….

The capital supported a horizontal element called the entablature, which was divided further into three different parts:
The architrave which was the lowest part

The frieze was the middle part

The cornice was the very top

These elements were further detailed with decorative moldings and ornamentation. Each part of the classical order was sized and arranged according to an overall proportioning system based on the height and diameter of the columns.

In order to examine the artistic features of that time period it is useful to look at the building materials with which a Greek architect had to use and the methods of putting them together. Greece had a large amount of good building stone. Many times there was an inexhaustible supply of white marble. There was also many beautiful colored marbles that the Romans had to figure out how to use. There was also many other common types of stone that was readily….

Paul's Cathedral, the work of England's most renown architect Christopher Wren (1632 -- 1723). Wren, a mathematical genius and highly-skilled engineer, built and designed this massive building, highlighted by its magnificent dome, after the Great Fire of 1666 which destroyed the old structure. According to Nikolaus Pevsner, St. Paul's Cathedral "is a splendid skyline composition with the two foreground towers acting effectively as foils to the great dome. The upper levels are quite differently designed than the lower levels which are Palladian" (256). Thus, Wren's skillful artistry and eclecticism brought these foreign features into a monumental unity, while the building itself serves as a prototype for later structures in both Europe and Colonial America.
Between 1785 and 1789 in the American colonies, future President Thomas Jefferson (1743 -- 1826) expressed his adoration for the Classical past of ancient Rome and Greece by going beyond architects who had incorporated only elements….