Automation Essays (Examples)

Technology Management

The rapid technological advancements that have characterized the modern society have contributed to increased automation, especially in the business sector. The modern business world is experiencing increased automation and technological advancements because businesses are constantly seeking for measures to enhance their profitability and competitive advantage. In a survey conducted on the financial services industry, Fleming (2016) states that companies in this sector are facing increased automation, which could generate an upheaval for the industry and its employees. Financial services companies are increasingly adopting and introducing technology for their business processes to achieve greater accuracy and efficiency across all their operations. While these advancements could cause an industry upheaval, they help companies enhance their efficiency by improving functionality and reducing inefficiencies in operations.
As technological advancements continue to change business operations, its important for businesses to establish suitable measures for automation of their functions and technology management. The first…

References
Fleming, S. (2016, May 5). Financial Services Companies Braced for Automation. Financial Times. Retrieved August 4, 2017, from  https://www.ft.com/content/577216d8-0802-11e6-a623-b84d06a39ec2 
Forrest, C. (2016, November 1). Five Best Practices for Bringing Automation to your Organization. Retrieved August 4, 2017, from  http://www.zdnet.com/article/five-best-practices-for-bringing-automation-to-your-organization/ 

Office Automation and Group Collaboration Software

One office automation and group collaboration software that is used in many organizations is the Online Leave Management System. There are many software houses that develop such kind of software to automate the needs of employees during processing of leave applications. An Online Leave Management System is an automation software where employees who wish to take their leave from office can do the filing of their leave applications online. All the employees need is a connection to the Internet to access the application system and do the filing.

One advantage of the Online Leave Management System is that it eliminates the conventional process of filing leave applications via written forms where processing of such application may take a few days before an employee will know whether his leave application is approved or not. As indicated at ferret.com on the advantage of an online leave…

References

The Web Advantage, Leave Management System.

Retrieved on November 06, 2005, from Online.

Web site:  http://www.uottawa.ca/services/hr/newweb/leaveman_e.pdf .

Staff Leave Management System

Accounting System

Accounting Information System

The following plan details the business areas and services to be provided for a growing homeowners' association by a certified accounting firm. The large growth in size of the association is cited as a need for this contracting with the accounting firm, and the specific business areas in need of servicing are identified as billing, collections, payments, reporting, taxes, and miscellaneous advisory duties. Input, output, and control requirements are listed in brief for each business area, with reference to current scholarly and regulatory/advisory information to ensure consistency and conformity with accounting standards. Automation of accounting processes is a major focus of the service provision, and levels of automation are fully discussed, with the decision to build an in-house automation system and certain automation challenges discussed.

Introduction

The homeowner's association is facing a problem of a major increase in the amount of accounting work it will…

References

AICPA. (20110. AICPA Publishes New Attest Guidance for Reporting on Controls at a Service Organization. Accessed 30 October 2011.  http://www.aicpa.org/press/pressreleases/2011/pages/aicpapublishesnewattestguidanceforreportingoncontrolsataserviceorganization.aspx 

COSO. (2009). Guidance on Monitoring Internal Control Systems. Durham, NC: COSO.

Kruck, S. (2011). The emergence of accounting information systems programs. Accessed 30 October 2011.  http://www.allbusiness.com/accounting/3504565-1.html 

Romney, M. & Steinbart, P. (2011). Accounting Information Systems. New York: Prentice Hall.

An understanding of other technological tools and approaches that have increased efficiency and cost effectiveness through automation, such as Electronic Product Codes (EPC), RFID tags, and real-time inventory control systems, can provide a more holistic background view of supply chain automation and the potential for low-cost and easily adaptable technologies.

he various levels of automation and their impact on supply chain efficiency and cost also raises another issue that will be explicitly examined in the research, namely the need to develop a system for quantifying the efficacy of robotics/automation adoption at various points in the supply chain. Large degrees of difference between impacts make it difficult to compare different technologies and different uses in a meaningful way, and as of yet no clear system for making such a comparison has emerged in practical or theoretical research. Addressing this gap will not only have intrinsic research value, but it will also…

The use of robotics at various points in the supply chain for many products and industries has been demonstrated in research and practice to be highly cost effective and efficiency increasing (Zhang et al. 2011). Further research is still necessary to determine what specific cost reduction drivers are affecting these technological advances, however, and to identify additional supply chin components that can benefit from automation. This research would help to address issues in the American manufacturing sector, and has the potential to increase employment and add to GDP by providing significant cost savings to businesses that can be used to fuel growth and increase productivity (White House 2009, CCC 2009). According to a 2010 report on warehouse productivity and safety published by the Aberdeen Group a transition to robotics can reduce ownership costs and accelerate ROI timescales, assuming appropriate technologies have been identified and adopted. It is in the area of such identification and adoption procedures that more research is strongly needed, and that this research will address.

Fully or primarily automated manufacturing technologies such as those that have been in place in the United States' automotive industry for over half a century are often cost prohibitive, with a recoupment of investment on the transition to such robotics too far in the future for most firms to seriously contemplate. Emerging robotics systems and other means of automation, which are necessarily iterative and become increasingly effective and diverse as foundational technologies themselves grow and become more functional and efficient, can provide benefits to other areas of the supply chain at lower costs yet with a similar impact on savings. An understanding of other technological tools and approaches that have increased efficiency and cost effectiveness through automation, such as Electronic Product Codes (EPC), RFID tags, and real-time inventory control systems, can provide a more holistic background view of supply chain automation and the potential for low-cost and easily adaptable technologies.

The various levels of automation and their impact on supply chain efficiency and cost also raises another issue that will be explicitly examined in the research, namely the need to develop a system for quantifying the efficacy of robotics/automation adoption at various points in the supply chain. Large degrees of difference between impacts make it difficult to compare different technologies and different uses in a meaningful way, and as of yet no clear system for making such a comparison has emerged in practical or theoretical research. Addressing this gap will not only have intrinsic research value, but it will also make the empirical research undertaken here more meaningful and valid. Quantification will enable the process of reviewing past and upcoming automation technologies and procedures much simpler, and will enable for more coherent and explicit surveying of companies in various stages of robotics and/or automation adoption, also allowing value chain analysis to include more quantitative and concrete components than are currently available.

Sometimes people say that automation engineers can be too dry and colorless, even if their mechanistic mindset suits the demands of the engineering profession well. But a sales manger in the automation industry must become a kind of engineer with a human face. Working in sales means that you must put your best foot forward, and have a personality as well as a problem-solving work ethic. Of course, to be effective in the profession, a sales manager in automation must also be someone who enjoys the technical aspects of the work. He or she must understand and become comfortable with the industry's vocabulary. But it is almost equally as critical that he or she likes and is effective in face-to-face contact with people in the field and with non-technically oriented customers.

There are decided advantages to being in sales, rather than to being purely involved with the engineering aspect of…

Gullermo

Guillermo Furniture Store Analysis

Situation Overview

Guillermo's furniture manufacturing company is located in Sonora, Mexico which was formerly a quiet vacation spot but has undergone a significant amount of development including an international airport. The organization is the largest furniture manufacturing company in this area and has been manufacturing furniture for some time now. Although the company was profitable until the late 1990's, the industry began to change. The competition was composed of firms that implemented the latest automation technology available. This allowed them reduce expenses in manufacturing which also allowed them to come in with lower prices to the customers. Guillermo has realized that their current strategy is no longer competitive and the company must consider a new direction for the company. They can decide to upgrade and try to compete with the new competition or continue operations as they are with some or no modifications to their…

Works Cited

Alibaba. (2012). Global trade starts here. Retrieved from Alibaba:  http://www.alibaba.com/showroom/furniture.html 

Automation World. (2011, March 10). Manufacturing Intelligence Brings Swedish Furniture Manufacturer Uniform Results, Better Visibility. Retrieved from Automation World:  http://www.automationworld.com/manufacturing-intelligence-brings-swedish-furniture-manufacturer-uniform-res 

Economie. (2012). Important Industries. Retrieved from Invest in Belguim:  http://ib.fgov.be/en/important_industries/#09 

ERP Consulting. (2012). Furniture Manufacturing. Retrieved from ERP Consulting:  http://www.erpc.com.ua/en/industries/furniture.html

Exclusive and symbiotic relationships with suppliers are valuable, especially suppliers located close to the factory.

A JIT company strives for preventive maintenance so no time is wasted, and errors are reduced or eliminated because all aspects of the production process are kept in 'tip-top' shape. Above all JIT requires a flexible workforce with workers trained "to operate several machines, to perform maintenance tasks, and to perform quality inspections" ("JIT Lecture Notes," 2006). A flexibly trained and loyal workforce has several advantages. Despite its emphasis on the benefits of innovative computer technology during certain aspects of the production process, Toyota has been commended for the great respect it showed for its workforce. "A quality at the source (jidoka) program must be implemented to give workers the personal responsibility for the quality of the work they do, and the authority to stop production when something goes wrong" for JIT to be successful…

Works Cited

Grout, John & Brian T. Downs. "A Brief Tutorial on Mistake-proofing, Poka-Yoke, and ZQC."

June 14, 2009. http://facultyweb.berry.edu/jgrout/tutorial.html

"Health and safety." Sideboom. June 14, 2009.

http://www.slideboom.com/presentations/65915/H&S,-CADCAM-in-production,-CIM,-JIT

Even a manager from a non-engineering background can appreciate the value of efficiency and saving time. Someone once said to me that the key to being a good engineer was developing a solution for a dollar in ten minutes that would take a non-engineer ten dollars and ten hours to solve. Error-free efficiency in the shortest time possible is critical to best business practices in a variety of fields. Continuous improvement is always the goal of any good engineering practice. Being independent, self-motivated, and able to complete assignments with minimum supervision has always been my strengths, but I look forward to sharing my experiences with other students, and learning from their diverse backgrounds.

Required Essay #3: Describe a situation that prompted self-evaluation and change. Discuss your involvement and its effect on your goals.

After obtaining my degree in electrical engineering, I began working full-time as a control engineer. Over the…

My Education

I have an Associate Degree in Science from Community College of Philadelphia (2004), accumulating a GPA of 2.75 out of 4.00, and I am currently enrolled in courses in Biology, Statistics, and Physics at that same Community College. My college-level experience includes classes in Chemistry, Math and Physics at LaSalle University in Philadelphia -- in the autumn of 2010 through Summer 2011 -- and I proudly accumulated a 3.16 GPA out of 4.00.

My Personal Professional Motivation

I am proud to reflect that when I am asked to be trained in a new area, one I am not the least bit familiar with, I eagerly accept that new assignment. On our hospital staff, I was among the first few that was asked to be trained in a new IV automation technology. My passion is to always be prepared, to learn everything I can learn, and to work cooperatively…

Chester has been using for several years a "Cost Leader with product life cycle focus" strategy, which implies a focus on the product life cycle diagram, with the introduction of products in the high tech area of consumers and their continuance in the low tech area, until they become obsolete and have to be drawn out of the market.

The strategy that Chester has been using implies, first of all, a keen look on the product's life cycle. Indeed, a product that Chester sends out to the market will follow through on all four of the different phases in the life cycle of a product, namely its introduction, growth, maturity and decline.

According to the company's vision, the product is first of all introduced in the high tech area of the market, addressing specific customers from this respective group. Nevertheless, we do take into consideration the fact that a product…

Financial Analysis of Bestwish Limited

Company Overview

Bestwish Limited produces extensive range of quality products such as gift dressing, greetings cards, and plush merchandise of more than 50,000 stocks. The production of different categories of products involve between 2 and 15 processes. The company produces standardized products and custom designed products ordered from customers on contract basis. However, Bestwish Limited is facing challenges to control the costs because of varying production process, reliance on indirect costs and large number of stock keeping units.

Bestwish Limited has just closed the 2010 fiscal year account and the company is finalizing the 2011 budget. Bestwish intends to analyze the 2010 financial statement to present the accurate picture of the company financial performances.

Objective of this report is to analyze 2010 financial statements to assess the viability of Bestwish Limited.

Task

Attn:

Audit Committee of the Board

Finance Director

Subject: Financial statement Analysis

Date:…

References

Drury, C. (2009). Management Accounting for Business, 4th Edition (Cengage Learning EMEA, ) ISBN 1408017717.

Harris, R. And Sollis, R. (2003).Applied Time Series Modelling and Forecasting (John Wiley and Sons) ISBN 0470844434

Glynn, J. Perrin, J. Murphy, M. And Abraham, A. (2003).Accounting for Managers, 3rd Edition.(Thomson Learning) ISBN 186152904X

The Times 100, (2012). Financial statements and reporting A Cadbury Schweppes case study. The Times 100 Business Case Studies.

E-Groceries

Feasibility Study of E-Groceries

ecent technological developments have seen different plans of action being actualized as it relates to e-Groceries retailing. However, challenges have limited the full realization of this aspect with the greatest hindrance has been logistics; more wasteful operation has often prompted resources being utilized on working expenditures. In this case, enhancements geared towards logistical effectiveness are seen as standouts amongst the most essential steps towards the implementation of this project. This study focuses at the feasibility of a distinctive e-grocery logistics framework and usage plan. The primary target is to study how best to actualize an e-Grocery business from the logistical perspective in order to guarantee some business success. The second target is to recognize, model, and assess diverse logistical results that could be utilized as a part of e-basic need retailing. esults for realizing more remarkable delivery proficiency are displayed and modeled.

For the realization…

References

Aka-li, E. (2005). Applications of Supply Chain Management and E-Commerce Research. New York: Springer Science+Business Media, Inc.

Davis, W.S., & Benamati, J. (2013). E-commerce basics: Technology foundations and e-business applications. Boston: Addison-Wesley.

Dennis, C., Fenech, T., & Merrilees, B. (2008). E-retailing. London [u.a: Routledge.

Dholakia, R.R., Dholakia, N., Fritz, W., & Mundorf, N. (2012). Global e-commerce and online marketing: Watching the evolution. Westport, Conn [u.a.: Quorum Books.

Airports, Airspace, And Air Traffic Control

A Manager's Perspective from an Aeronautical Point-of-View on Airports, Airspace, and Air Traffic control

Team resource management defines the efficient and effective use of resources that are available including people, information, and equipment. It always targets security enhancement and efficient management of air traffic control (Hikmat, 2013). The principles that guide the management of the team in air traffic control include the following aspects.

Developing human factors

Linking the human factors with constantly occurring events

Using the best practices to manage the crew

These principles are effective to counter human error having an optimum use of all the available resources, thereby improving services and operations of an air traffic controller (Wiene, Kanki, & Helmreich, 1993). Human factors in air traffic control have an enormous contribution in the management of air traffic. The constantly increasing delays in air traffic and accidents all arise from instructional…

References

Boeing. (2013). Air Traffic Management: Revolutionary Concepts that Enable Air Traffic Growth while cutting Delays. New York: Boeing.

Garland, D.J., Wise, J., & Hopkin, D. (1998). A Human Factors Perspective. In R. Amalberti, Automation in Aviation (pp. 173-192). New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associate Inc. Publishers.

Hikmat, M.K. (2013). Collaborative Decision Making in Aviation. Center of Excellence Aviation.

McDougall, G., & Roberts, A.S. (2009). Commercializing Air Traffic Control: Have the Reforms Worked? Ottawa: Suffolk University Law School of Research.

Public relation is an important element that can lead a business or a career to success. Public relation is a form of communication that harmoniously allows the connection and involvement to other business elements, can be another business organization or another business partner. An effective public relation is in fact being used as a mode of enhancing an individual's, or an organization's, business relationship to others.

One example of an effective use of public relation is in the area of marketing. To be able to gain recognition to many customers or business partners, a good business relationship must be established between parties to build trust and confidence. This establishment of good business relationship can be achieved through an effective public relation that is exercised and demonstrated by an organization. For instance, in marketing, one way to establish this is by focusing on the elements that will provide benefits to customers.…

Compensation Improvement Company ABC

The goal of this review will be to examine the overall objectives of the pay model for ABC corporation, a small manufacturing plant that specializes on developing nanosecond electronic components for select suppliers. As a job analyst my position requires that I evaluate each position in the company and ensure that a compensation structure is developed that is in line with the strategic goals and objectives of the organization which include having the workforce reflect the diversity in the community.

The use of automation and high tech systems has enabled the workforce to remain relatively low, less than 100, and may even substantially reduce the workforce in the upcoming years. The number of employees that must be reduced may be limited if employees are offered alternative forms of compensation rather than pay based incentives, which will decrease the overall financial burden on the company at large.…

For example, customers and brokers have self-service capabilities for mortgage applications and brokers get assistance with application evaluation and pricing.

Last, but not least, the redesign of processes requires restructuring the organization. This is more than substituting technology for people; it's about evolving into an adaptive learning organization by building the organization around the restructured information and value chain.

This involves an interwoven organization consisting of the front office to take care of customers, the back room to handle internal processes and a group to take care of partnerships. Sharing information among the groups is essential for the organization to function properly. As part of the restructuring the company will also need new management skills such as the ability to understand the impact of new technologies, strategies and channels on customer behavior.

Technology experts can no longer be isolated in a separate it group; they must be distributed throughout the…

Bibliography

Karmarkar, Uday. (2004, August 9). Boot Camp for Service Operations. Harvard Business School. Retrieved June 19, 2005, at  http://hbswk.hbs.edu/item.jhtml?id=4308&t=operations

Digbly International Inc. has been successfully using throughout the year a Broad Cost Leader Strategy, which permits it a presence in both markets. The Broad Cost Leader Strategy implies obtaining a cost competitive advantage over other companies. For Digbly, it is also equivalent to producing highly qualitative sensors for the market, but keeping in mind a cost efficiency which means lower R& D. spending and scale economies where possible.

Company History

The company's mission, as expressed by the vision statement, has always been to produce quality at low prices ("high quality at lowest prices"). In this perception, the necessity to offer the market completely new products at double the price does not have an economic justification. It is preferable, in this sense, to reposition the product so that it will reach the customers who are likely to be purchasing a lower priced sensor. Value and low cost are the two…

Castle estaurants Business Plan -- Stage III

Castle's Family estaurant Business Plan: Stage III

Item

Company eview

Business Analysis

HIS Type/Comparison

HIS ecommendation

Steven Covey has proved to be the catalyst for many a job redesign (Covey, et al., 1994). Covey's emphasis on focusing on important tasks has contributed to the ability of operations managers to critically assess how they spend their time and energy, as well as shedding light on how those supervised by operations managers spend their time and energy (Covey, et al. 1994). Castle estaurants has taken a hard look at how the chain can continue to grow market share and remain competitive in the current market.

A healthy number of our competitors in the restaurant sector, such as Darden estaurants, Olive Garden, ed Lobster, and Longhorn Steakhouse, are posting earnings ahead of analyst expectations. But Castle estaurants are mindful that those earnings were are down from…

References

BambooHR Retrieved  http://www.comparehris.com/BambooHR/ 

Covey, S., Merrill, A.R., Merrill, R.R. (1994). First things first: To live, to love, to learn, to leave a legacy. New York, NY: Simon and Schuster.

Duprey, R. (2011, October 10). You're Not the Only One Buying Here. The Motley Fool. Retrieved  http://www.fool.com/investing/general/2011/10/13/youre-not-the-only-one-buying-here.aspx 

Sage Abra HRMS Retrieved  http://www.sageabra.com/

Human Resources Technology

Castle's Family Restaurant Business Plan: Stage III

Item

This section should be written last. It provides the reader with an overview of your business plan. This section includes a brief description of the business, the goal of your business plan, your customer's market/clientele, their current "like" competition, and current business operations, and potential fiscal plan (fiscal plan may be assumed based on current manual process compared to pricing of automation).

Introduction provides sufficient background on the topic and previews major points. Conclusion is logical, flows from the body of the paper, and reviews the major points.

Company Review

This section should summarize the information from your Stage I paper. Provide a basic industry outline. Is it a growth industry? What changes do you foresee in this industry, and how is this company poised to take advantage of them? Take the information from your Stage I paper and…

Organizational Structure

According to Pugh (1990), the organizational structure is an instrument that appears from the need to fulfill the organizational aims and objectives with the tools and activities that are available. Following the way that this process is managed, several types of organizational structures can be identified, including pre-bureaucratic structures, bureaucratic and post-bureaucratic structures, functional structures, divisional structures and matrix structures.

Westinghouse organizational structure falls into several different categories. On one hand, it is a bureaucratic structure. Among the characteristics of such an organization, Weber (1948) identifies several: "precision, speed, unambiguity, & #8230; strict subordination, reduction of friction and of material and personal costs- these are raised to the optimum point in the strictly bureaucratic administration."

The bureaucratic nature of the organizational structure at Westinghouse is motivated by at least two aspects: (1) the nature of the industry in which Westinghouse operates: the nuclear industry, highly regulated, which implies…

Bibliography

1. Handy, Charles, (2007). Understanding Organizations. Penguin Books.

2. Deal T.E. And Kennedy, A.A. (1982) Corporate Cultures: The Rites and Rituals of Corporate Life, Harmondsworth, Penguin Books, 1982

3. Weber, M. (1948). Essays in Sociology. London: Routledge

4. Pugh, D.S., ed. (1990).Organization Theory: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin.

Starting at the persona level, HubSpot needs to realize that Owner Ollie and Marketer Marys are just one of several people involved in the buying process of their services. HubSpot needs to understand who the other people are in the buying process in each of these segment, including the influencers of Owner Ollie and Marketer Mary, and how their influence impacts how each of these personas achieve their marketing and sales objectives or not. The persona research also needs to include pricing elasticity by service and the overall pricing elasticity for marketing services in general. HubSpot today has not gone to this level of analysis with any customer base yet. Given their strong analytics background and core base of engineering talent from MIT, this will be achievable. Knowing each member of the buying process for Owner Ollie and Marketer Mary will also allow HubSpot to understand the demand curve for…

Operations Management

Transformation in the technologies behind information will effect in vital transformation in the competition of enterprises. International Business Machines -- IBM encounter a transforming market wherein reputable products lose their competitive edge and also become defunct and are replaced by new products based on latest technologies. IBM Corporation is undoubtedly, the single most major seller in the marketplace in the current era. IBM holds a leadership position in its industry to an extent that is unprecedented in majority of other industries. Users will be encountered with intricate preferences as the restrictions of usual idea regarding information systems in dealing with modern technology becomes palpable. An inescapable aspect of inevitability is present in handling latest technology.

In case of better or worse, modernization cannot be overlooked. Coping up with new technology might be problematic in case of somebody compared to others and might be impossible for everybody. IBM can…

References

Autonomic Computing: Creating Self-Managing Computing Systems. Retrieved from  http://www-03.ibm.com/autonomic  / Accessed on 9 May, 2005

Deutschman, Alan. Building a Better Skunk Works. Issue: 92; March 2005; p. 68. Retrieved from  http://www.fastcompany.com/magazine/92/ibm.html  Accessed on 9 May, 2005

IBM Middle East celebrates regional success of ThinkPad notebooks with Centrino Wireless Technology. Retrieved from  http://www.ameinfo.com/26562.html  Accessed on 9 May, 2005

IBM names 5 Fellows -- company's highest technical honor. Retrieved from  http://www.ibm.com/news/us/2002/06/05.html  Accessed on 10 May, 2005

Apart from this, further developments will be made in the fields of physics, medicine and engineering. Sensors will be seen everywhere and people will be able to go towards the space with the elevator and this will be made possible by just clicking on a single button. All these developments are in process are will come into view in the future (Kaku, pg. 45).

As it is mentioned above that the all the drawbacks of technology are not negligible and many people are now fully aware that how techn ology is harming the society as well as the environement in which we all survive. but, in spite of being aware about this fact, a number of organizations, nations and individuals are using technology in every moment of their life. The reason behind is that people are only thinking of their personal motives and well-being . They completely ignore the benefit…

Works Cited

Chiang, Jong-Tsong. "High-technology targeting: its modes' strategies and paradigms." Technology in Society (1998): 1-23.

Kaku, Michio. Physics of the Future: How Science Will Shape Human Destiny and Our Daily Lives by 2100. NY: Knopf Doubleday., 2011.

McKibben, Bill. Staying Human in our Engineered Age. Henry Holt & Co., Inc., 2004.

Teich, Albert H. Technology and the Future. NY: St. Martins Press, 2008.

Operations Management

Supply Chain Management at Dell Computer Corporation

Supply chain management systems have historically been designed to bring increasingly higher levels of automation and standardization of processes throughout supplier relationships, fulfillment, quality management and services. Throughout the latter half of the 20th century the concentration on lean supply chain performance sought to drill out every errand and unnecessary step and costs from supply chain collaboration, planning and execution (Foreman, Gallien, Alspaugh, Lopez, Bhatnagar, Teo, Dubois, 2010). This was especially the case in high technology industries including personal computers where the greater the level of standardization, the higher the level profits and lower the costs. Lean supply chain management and manufacturing was the approach Compaq took to establishing an early market share lead, yet was quickly challenged by Dell with its innovative uses of build-to-order supply chain management and rapid mass customization selling techniques (Gunasekaran, Ngai, 2005). The intent of…

References

Foreman, J., Gallien, J., Alspaugh, J., Lopez, F., Bhatnagar, R., Teo, C.C., & Dubois, C. (2010). Implementing supply-routing optimization in a make-to-order manufacturing network. Manufacturing & Service Operations Management, 12(4), 547-568.

Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E.W.T. (2005). Build-to-order supply chain management: A literature review and framework for development. Journal of Operations Management, 23(5), 423-451.

Gunasekaran, A., & Ngai, E.W.T. (2009). Modeling and analysis of build-to-order supply chains. European Journal of Operational Research, 195(2), 319.

Kapuscinski, R., Zhang, R.Q., Carbonneau, P., Moore, R., & Reeves, B. (2004). Inventory decisions in dells supply chain. Interfaces, 34(3), 191-205.

Integrative Analysis of Course Concepts:

Creating a Framework for Future Learning and Study

Never before has the creation, aggregation, aligning of information to the needs of an enterprise and its effective and secure use meant more to the viability of businesses globally. The most powerful lesson learned in this course is that data, information and knowledge are the most powerful competitive forces any enterprise can rely on today to differentiate itself in maturing markets while seeking out entirely new, high growth opportunities. The combining of analytics, advanced accounting and financial reporting applications, pervasive adoption of enterprise applications for Customer Relationship Management (CRM), Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Supply Chain Management (SCM) and many other tasks are accelerating how quickly enterprises can minimize risks while seizing opportunities. Another invaluable lesson learned in this course is how critical it is to plan for change from a personnel, process and systems perspective. The combining…

HM-340- Human esource Info Systems (subject) CASE SENAIO: Castle's Family estaurant restaurants northern California area approximately 300-340 employees. Most employees part-time approximately 40% full-time.

Human resource information systems at the Castle's Family estaurant

The restaurants industry is a highly competitive and dynamic one, with the players in the sector having to go beyond servicing high quality and affordable foods. Specifically, the restaurants are now forced to cope with a wide array of challenges that arise from both micro as well as macro environments. For instance, they have to foresee and serve customer needs, to integrate changing customer demands, to create operational efficiencies, to integrate technologies or to manage the human resource.

At the level of the human resource, this is the most valuable asset within the firm as it has the possibility to serve the needs of customers and, as such, support the company in attaining its overall profitability objectives.…

References:

Garrick, J., 2000, Research and knowledge at work: perspectives, case-studies and innovative strategies, Routledge

Mayhew, R., Advantages and disadvantages of human resource information system, Chron,  http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-disadvantages-human-resource-information-system-2107.html  last accessed on September 11, 2012

2011, Benefits of using human resource information systems, Checkpoint HR, http://www.checkpointhr.com/industry-articles/benefits-of-using-human-resource-information-systems last accessed on September 11, 2012

Function Outsourcing

IT Function Outsourcing

The advancements in the field of information technology have paved way for digitization of operations and automation of functions. In the recent decade it has become a need which is the source of cost reduction, efficient operation and competitive advantage as well. This is the reason; almost every organization is seriously considering the option of introducing IT in its operations. Since information technology is the combination of computer technology and communication technology, it has specialised body of knowledge and people with specialised skills are required in the field. Many organizations have developed an altogether new department of IT to look after the routine operations, maintenance of IT hardware and software and perform support functions whenever required.

Keeping in view the vast scale at which IT operations are conducted and the standardized software tools coming in the market to meet the requirements of many organizations in…

References

Corbett, M.F. (2004). The outsourcing Revolution. USA: Kaplan Publishing.

Hudson, H.E. (2006). From Rural Village to Global Village. New Jersey: Routledge.

Mclvor, R., Wall, A. And Humphreys, P. (2009). A study of Performance Measurement in outsourcing decision. UK: CIMA Publishing.

Tho, I. (2005). Managing the Risk of IT outsourcing. USA: Elsevier Butterworth Heinemann.

picture archiving and communication system (PACS), a filmless radiology system that stores, retrieves, manages, distributes and display digital images. PACS replaces conventional radiological film and allows simultaneous computerized access by medical professionals and automation systems throughout the hospital and clinical environment. The market for PACS has grown since its introduction in the 1980s, expanding from $1 billion in 2008 to a projected $2.5 billion in 2015 (SearchHealthIT.com, 2010).

PACS consists primarily of four components: imaging systems, a secure local or wide area network for the distribution and exchange of patient information, workstations for viewing, processing and interpreting images, and storage archives that enable retrieval of images and related documentation and reports (SearchHealthIT.com, 2010).

One advantage of a PACS is the range of radiological image types which the system is compatible with, including X-ray photos, cyclopegia retinoscopy, computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging (MI), radio isotopes, and ultrasound (Biohealthmatics.com, 2010).

Benefits of…

Reference List

Biohealthmatics.com. (2010). PACS (Picture Archiving Communication System). Retrieved March 14, 2012 from: http://www.biohealthmatics.com/technologies/his/pacs.aspx

John C. Lincoln Health Network. (2012). Picture Archiving and Communications System (PACS): Fast access to medical imaging results. Retrieved March 14, 2012 from: http://www.jcl.com/medical-services/medical-imaging/pacs

McKesson. (2012). PACS benefits go beyond the numbers. Retrieved March 14, 2012 from: http://www.medicalimagingtalk.com/29/pacs-benefits-patient-care/

SearchHealthIT.com. (2012). Picture archiving and communications system (PACS). Retrieved March 14, 2012 from:  http://searchhealthit.techtarget.com/definition/picture-archiving-and-communication-system-PACS

Fuzzy Logic-Based Control of Manufacturing Processes

Enormous advances in technology have made everyday life much easier. New developments within control systems have allowed for greater empowerment for individual devices, which often takes the burden off of the user. Among the many new technologies based on artificial intelligence, Fuzzy Logic Control System is the most popular and most applicable system. Almost in all domains, Fuzzy logic has a broad application area. It is safe to say that we can replace all control-based systems by Fuzzy Logic Control System. FCLS can be used in a great variety of commercial and industrial applications, showing its strength and prominence as a new technology prompt for future innovation.

Fuzzy Logic is a principle within artificial intelligence that is based primarily off the notion of logical reasoning that humans use daily in the context of the normal everyday lives. There are a number of instances where…

References

[1] Altrock, Constantin. (2012). Fuzzy Logic and NueroFuzzy Technologies in Appliances. Universidad de Antioquia. [Online] Available at http://ingenieria.udea.edu.co/investigacion/fuzzycon/FuzzyLogic/FuzzyLogicinAppliances.pdf

[2] Chen, Guanrong & Pham, Trung Tat. Introduction to Fuzzy Sets, Fuzzy Logic, and Fuzzy Control Systems. CRC Press. 2000.

[3] Dewy, Douglas. (2013). Fuzzy Logic. Omega Engineering. [Online]. Available at  http://www.omega.com/techref/fuzzylogic.html 

[4] Emami, Sarmasti, "Fuzzy Logic Applications in Chemical Processes," The Journal of Mathematics and Computer Sciences, 1(4), 339-348.

Flight Deck Human-Machine Interface - "What to Expect in the Future"

This paper will analyze the issues associated with the flight deck human-machine interface. The data for this research will be collected through a number of secondary sources. Quantitative analysis of the collected data will be performed on the basis of frequency and types of accidents and the causes of accidents that occurred after the introduction of this technology. Qualitative analysis of the collected data will be performed on the basis of previous researches that were conducted on the issue under consideration. On the basis of the results obtained from this analysis, various recommendations will be proposed so that this technology can be further enhanced and the issues associated with it can be eliminated. The paper will also analyze aviation safety legislation and propose the changes that should be made in the legislation to make this technology safer and more…

References

Boy, G., & Carlo Cacciabue, P. (1997). Optimization of automation in the civil flight deck, pp. 1-19. European Workshop to Develop Human Factors Guidelines for Flight Deck Certification.

Chialastri, A. (2012). Automation in Aviation, pp. 79-100. Croatia: InTech Europe. Retrieved from  http://cdn.intechopen.com/pdfs-wm/37990.pdf 

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University. (2014). College of Aeronautics: Undergraduate Capstone Policy Guide. Retrieved January 1, 2014 from https://erau.blackboard.com/bbcswebdav/institution/Worldwide_Online/ASCI_490_C/Aeronautics_UG_Capstone_Policy_Guide.pdf.

Funk, K., Niemczyk, M., Suroteguh, C., & Owen, G. (1999). Flight deck automation issues. The International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 9(2), 109 -- 123.

Flight Data ecorder

From a system viewpoint, prevention is a great deal less expensive than accidents. Two Boeing 737 accidents remain entirely unexplained at this time (Colorado Springs, 1992; Pittsburgh, 1994). Both airplanes had older digital flight data recorders that did not record control surface positions; that information might very well have led to an unambiguous finding of probable cause. In sharp contrast, the Aerospatiale AT-72 that crashed after extended flight in icing conditions ( oselawn, Indiana, 1994), was equipped with a modern digital flight data recorder whose data enabled investigators to discover, literally within days of the accident, that icing had disturbed airflow over the ailerons beyond the pilots' ability to maintain control. It has been suggested that a substantial fleet could have been equipped with modern flight data recorders for less than the costs of the two 737 accidents.

Some of the innovations discussed here are clearly needed…

Resources

Ashford, Peter. (2010) Flight Data Recorders: Built, Tested to Remain Intact After a Crash. Parts I & II. Technically Speaking. Avionics News.

Hopkin V.D. (2004). "Human factors in air traffic system automation." In R. Parasuraman & M. Mouloua (Eds.), Human performance in automated systems: Current research and trends (pp. 319-336). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hopkin V.D. (2007). "Situational awareness in air traffic control." In, R.D. Gilson, D.J. Garland, & J.M. Koonce (Eds.), Situational awareness in complex systems (pp. 171-178) Daytona Beach, FL: Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University Press.

Hughes J.A., Randall D., & Shapiro D. (2002). Faltering from ethnography toward design. CSCW 92 Proceedings.

Human Factors in Aviation

rief Historical ackground

The Airline Industry has a history that dates back to 1903 when the Wright brothers made their first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Initially the public did not take the idea of the airplane travel favorably. ut this event marked the beginning of the Airline Industry as more and more inputs were given by people such as Charles Lindbergh who successfully completed a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 and created massive interest in flying with the general public.

The concern for human factor involvement in aviation started as soon as the interest of general public was roused in it. The initial concern was for the safety of people daring to fly the aircraft as accidents were reported due to a flaw in the design or working of the plane. A pilot task was to juggle with the complexity…

Bibliography

Daniel J. Garland, V. David Hopkins, John A. Wise. (1999). Handbook of Aviation Human Factors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Clint A. Bowers, C. Shawn Burke, Eduardo Salas, Katherine A. Wilson. (2001) Team Training in the Skies: Does Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training Work?, Vol. 43

Clint A. Bowers, Janis A. Cannon-Bowers, Randall L. Oser, Carolyn Prince, Eduardo Salas, Renee J. Stout. (1999) A Methodology for Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training, Vol. 41

Airlines in the industry. (N.d.) Retrieved on Sep 30, 2005 from:

That option, to invest in high-tech automation equipment, provides the company with the strong growth it needs to boost its financial standing in the next five years. The company has the opportunity now to pay down its debt, or to use the revenues garnered from the investment in the high tech equipment to further expand. Guillermo, by choosing the high tech option, is setting his company up for success.

The techniques utilized by Guillermo are standard in finance. Net present value is typically used to understand the value of future cash flows. In particular, cash flows that are several years away cannot be priced as if they were equivalent to cash flows today. Options such as the automation technology that provide strong positive cash flows in the near-term are inherently attractive, but the full range of NPV analysis will indicate whether such a decision is best for the company in…

Works Cited:

Llano-Ferro, F. (2009). The weighted average cost of capital (WACC) for firm valuation calculations. International Research Journal of Finance and Economics. Vol. 26 (2009) 148-150.

Breierova, L. & Choudhari, M. (1996). An introduction to sensitivity analysis. MIT. Retrieved November 9, 2010 from http://sysdyn.clexchange.org/sdep/Roadmaps/RM8/D-4526-2.pdf

Baker, S. (2000). Perils of the internal rate of return. University of South Carolina. Retrieved November 9, 2010 from http://hadm.sph.sc.edu/courses/econ/invest/invest.html

Harris, R. (1998). Decision making techniques. Virtual Salt. Retrieved November 9, 2010 from  http://www.virtualsalt.com/crebook6.htm

One such exemplary resource is Epicor's recent guide, "Managing Today's Professional Services Organization: How to Improve Efficiency and Increase Profits" (2011). Although the guide contains some self-serving information concerning Epicor's own IT product line, the bulk of the guide is devoted to timely and informative insights concerning how IT can facilitate project delivery in professional services organizations. For instance, according to Epicor's guide:

Ultimately, a successful operational model demands higher-order tools such as resource, opportunity and knowledge management to achieve operational best practices. The reality facing most organizations, from small, specialized firms to the largest, most sophisticated multinational consulting agencies, is the same -- each faces significant challenges related to accurately and efficiently capturing time and expense, managing work-in-progress, generating and approving invoices, and reporting on project and client status. (Managing today's professional services organization, 2011, p. 1)

Given the wide array of enterprises that now fall under the umbrella…

References

Ashby, M.D. & Miles, S.A. (2002). Leaders talk leadership: Top executives speak their minds.

New York: Oxford University Press.

Bielski, L. (2002). Talent is available, will anyone grab it? ABA Banking Journal, 94(5), 30-32.

Copeland, M.C. (2010, August). Marketing and advertising for CPAs: Leading-edge strategies.

50). Therefore, the ability of planners in both civilian and military aviation settings will need to ensure this integrated approach to information management to identify opportunities for improvement and what steps will be needed today to ensure their successful outcome in the future.

Conclusion

The research showed that resource management and strategic decision making processes in the civilian and military sectors of the aviation industry have been profoundly affected by innovations in technology that continue to have an enormous impact today. The research also showed that although there is much to be considered in developing effective resource management techniques, the strategic decision process can help organizations of all types identify opportunities for improvement today and take the steps today to help ensure their successful development and implementation in the future. In the final analysis, the body of knowledge in these areas is growing at exponential rates, and the terrible costs…

References

Goodman, W.C. (2000). Transportation by air: Job growth moderates from stellar rates. Monthly Labor Review, 123(3), 34.

Harris, W.C., Goernert, P.N., Hancock, P.A., & Arthur, E.J. (1994). The comparative effectiveness of adaptive automation and operator initiated automation during anticipated and unanticipated taskload increases. In Hollnagel at p. 159.

Hendrick, H.W. & Kleiner, B.M. (2002). Macroergonomics: Theory, methods, and applications. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Hollnagel, E. (2003). Handbook of cognitive task design. Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Strategy

Patient Care and Hospital Management Systems

Question No.1

Question No.

Question No.

The given case study entails the difficulties faced by Langely Mason Health which is a major health services provider in the given district. The management of LMH has decided to upgrade its health services standards in the best interest of patient care. The whole process of upgrading involves extending hospital's facility as well automating the functions of the hospital's departments with the help of integrated system. For this purpose, lengthy planning, asset acquisition, fund raising activities and other activities are performed. The overall upgrading left the hospital management with limited budget for regular operations.

For the purpose of automating the hospital functions, EM system is purchased in the year 2006. This organization-wide system was expected to become functional and stabilized in the first phase of implementation and the subsequent implementation were dependent on its success. Due to…

References

Drazen, E., Feeley, R., Metzer, J., Wolfe, H. (1980).Methods for evaluating costs of automated hospital information systems. Department of Health and Human Services, National Centre for Health Services Research, PHS no. 233-79- 3000

Farlee C. (1981). Systems Evaluation: Problems and challenges. Proceedings, First National Conference on Computer Technology and Nursing Bethesda MD: U.S., DHHS, PHS (NIH Pubn0 83- 2124).

Herbst, K., LittleJohns, P., Rawlins, J., Collinson, M., & Wyatt, C. (1999). Evaluating computerized systems: hardware, software and humanware: experiences from the Northern Province South Africa, Journal of Public Health Medicine,3, pp.305-310.

Hendrickson, G., & Kover, C.T. (1990). Effects of computers on nursing resource use . Do computers save time? Computers in Nursing, 8: 16- 22.

Human interaction with Glass Cockpit & computerized flight systems

Human interaction with computerized flight systems is viewed by many as the "Achilles heel" in modern commercial flight. hile pilots as the ultimate end-users must bear the responsibility for the systems under their control, it is the designers who must shoulder the burden for taking into account the human factors likely to cause confusion. How information is displayed has a tremendous impact on how it is interpreted. Indeed, graphical displays and glass cockpits are here to stay -- but so too are human pilots."(Krell)

The purpose of this paper is to explore an emerging technology known as the glass cockpit and to seek to explain the human factors that influence the implementation of this technology. This discourse will describe the theoretical issues of the glass cockpit technology and the human factors associated with the invention and subsequent implementation of the technology.…

Works Cited

Future Video Aircraft Recorder. http://216.239.35.100/search?q=cache:WAx8zvYMdJcC:www.ntsb.gov/events/symp_rec/proceedings/authors/horne.pdf+benefits+of+the+glass+cockpits&hl=en&ie=UTF-8

Incident and Accident Review.  http://www.nlr.nl/public/hosted-sites/ecottris/incacc.htm 

Krell, Tim.

Perils of the Glass Cockpit.  http://www.npl.com/~tkrell/writings/aviation/glass-cockpit.html

Chef Delivery is a continuous and unified delivery service that provides enterprise DevOps teams with a new workflow framework in which they can better manage the continuous delivery of their infrastructure. In sum, Chef Delivery automates changes to infrastructure, runtime environments and applications, but it provides a useful framework in which automated testing and continuous integration and delivery can be achieved. In addition, Chef Delivery provides software developers with relevant metrics, permissions management and a comprehensive change history for their code.

The system is built for infrastructure, containers, and applications and is geared toward Fortune 2000 companies and is intended to help IT teams become a ?high-velocity development engine."

Chef Delivery further extends Chef Inc. into the DevOps market and automates changes to runtime environments, applications, and infrastructure. In addition Chef Delivery offers a framework for automated testing and continuous integration and delivery with tools such as Jenkins

Chef Delivery…

References

Chef analytics. (2015). Chef Documents. Retrieved from https://docs.chef.io/analytics.html.

Chef development kit. (2015). Chef Software, Inc. Retrieved from https://downloads. chef.io/chef-dk/.

Chef-solo. (2015). Chef Documents. Retrieved from  https://docs.chef.io/chef_solo.html .

Choose your installation. (2015). Chef Software, Inc. Retrieved from  https://www.chef.io/chef  / choose-your-version/.

The basic premise of IRR is that if the IRR is higher than the discount rate, the project will be profitable over its life, whereas if the IRR is lower, the project will not be profitable. The IRR calculation is normally done in Excel, but can be rendered as

The IRR for the patent coating option is 6.9%; for the automation technology it is 64.7%; for the brokerage option it is 11%.

The net present value (NPV) discounts the cash flows using the discount rate derived from the weighted-average cost of capital. This calculation utilizes all of the cash flows that are specific to the decision at hand, including the initial outlay, salvage value and all cash flows beyond the payback period. This makes the NPV the most complete of the capital budgeting techniques available to Guillermo. Although normally this calculation is completed in Excel, the formula is as follows:…

E-Groceries

Primary Data Collection

Secondary Data Collection

Performance evaluation of the optimized supply chains

McLane e-grocery

Carrefour Ooshop e-grocery

Logistics Optimization

Structural decisions items of operations strategy in logistics

Hardware of the firm

Operational Facilities

Operational Capacity

Process technology

Supply Network

Infrastructure decision areas

Software of the organization

Planning and control

Quality

Organizational Structure

Comparison of structural and infrastructural logistical operations management decisions

Horizons

Capital Investment

Globalization and Logistics Optimization

Logistical optimization models

Challenges in e-grocery Logistics

E-grocery logistical solution

Store-based order picking model

Figure: Store-based order picking model

Store-based order picking for attended goods reception

Store-based order picking for unattended goods reception

Dedicated order picking model

Figure: Dedicated order picking model

Delivery from dedicated centers for attended goods reception

Delivery from dedicated centers for unattended goods reception

Conclusion

E-basic needs frameworks so that organizations can get beneficial

Execution methodology

Distinctive logistical results

ecognize e-basic framework

E-basic framework

E-basic model…

References:

Anand, G., Ward, P.T., Tatikonda, M.V., & Schilling, D.A. (2009). Dynamic capabilities through continuous improvement infrastructure. Journal of Operations Management, 27(6), 444-461.

Barnes, D. (2008). Operations management: An international perspective. United Kingdom: Thomson.

Griffin, R.W., & Pustay, M.W. (2009). International Business: A Managerial

Perspective. (6th ed.). New Jersey: Pearson Prentice Hall.

Future of CNC Machines (Computer Numerical Control)

Item

Size of CNC Machines in the Future

Price of CNC Machines in the Future

Use of CNC Machines in the Future

Precision of CNC Machines in the Future

Use of Nanotechnology in Improving CNC Machining

Economy of CNC Machines in the Future

Maintenance of CNC Machines in the Future

Skills Level of CNC Machine Operators in the Future

Future of CNC Machines (Computer Numerical Control)

Size of CNC Machines in the Future

It appears likely that CNC machines will be smaller and more compact in the future, as evidence in a report entitled "Modular Desktop CNC Machine." Reported is a new prototype, which is "26" by 20" with a useable cutting area of 18" x 12." It is designed using only the best linear motion components and is made to be as robust as possible." (Kickstarter, 2012) The design of the frame…

Bibliography

Anderberg, S. And Kara, S. (nd) Energy and cost efficiency in CNC machining. Life Cycle Engineering & Management Research Group, School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, Australia The 7th CIRP Conference on Sustainable Manufacturing.

Anderberg, S., Beno, T. And Pejryd (nd) Energy and Cost Efficiency in CNC Machining from a Process Planning Perspective. The 9th Global Conference on sustainable Manufacturing. Retrieved from: http://www.diva-portal.org/smash/get/diva2:445222/FULLTEXT01

CNC Machine will be the future way to go green (2011) Machinery China. 17 May 2011. Retrieved from  http://machinerychina.wordpress.com/2011/05/17/cnc-machine-will-be-the-future-way-to-go-green/ 

CNC Machining Companies (2009) Retrieved from: http://www.cncmachiningcompanies.net/144/applications-of-precision-cnc-machining-in-the-world-today/

Army has been modernizing its logistics function for the past half century, and a wide range of legacy systems remain in place. For example, logistics automation systems, collectively termed the Standard Army Management Information Systems (STAMIS) have been deployed by the combat service support community to provide improved logistics support to warfighters. Although these systems have proven valuable to warfighters in the field, supporting these legacy systems has become a challenge for Army logisticians due in large part to their lack of interconnectability. These legacy systems also have a number of limitations that require updating and efforts have been underway to replace these systems with more efficient approaches to provide warfighters with the materiel and information they need to prosecute military actions on the 21st century battlefield. The purpose of this study was to provide empirical observations and views from Army subject matter experts to determine what constraints may be…

References

Academy of Management. The Academy of Management Review. Briarcliff Manor: Oct 2008. Vol. 33, Iss. 4; pg. 825

Andersson, Ake E. (1981). Structural Change and Technological Development. Regional Science and Urban Economics, 11(3), 351. Retrieved November 13, 2008

Besaw, B. (2005, August). Army Logistician (Improving Logistics Automation Support). Army

Logistics University. Retrieved September 18, 2012, from http://www.almc.army.mil/alog/issues/sepoct05/logautosupprt.html

The problem with this strategy was that it determined higher indirect costs that the company did not take into consideration when making this decision.

c) General Motors is one of the most successful U.S. companies. But GM was forced to modify its strategy because the global competition conditions. This is mostly the case of Toyota, which developed into an important competitor of GM on the European, U.S., and Asian market. The numerous advantages of Toyota and its products and services include: lower prices, better supply chain management that is based on Japanese methods, and higher quality management (Klum, 2011).

These advantages helped Toyota become the leader of the Asian market. This helped the company also improve its international position. In addition to this, General Motors' sales and profits significantly reduced. Therefore, the company had to modify its strategy in order to reduce its costs. The company's managers considered that this…

Reference list:

1. The GM's Consolidated Strategy and Enhanced Approach (2011). The Global Mechanism. Retrieved September 24, 2011 from  http://global-mechanism.org/about-us/strategyand-approach .

2. Muller, J. (2009). GM's Global Strategy in Doubt. Forbes Magazine. Retrieved September 24, 2011 from  http://www.forbes.com/forbes/2009/0622/autos-foreign-aide-gm-global-strategy-in-doubt.html .

3. Klum, E. (2011). General Motors Growth Strategy. Retrieved September 24, 2011 from  http://www.streetdirectory.com/travel_guide/51055/cars/general_motors_growth_strategy.html .