Carl Jung's Theory:
Carl Gustav Jung is a well-known pioneer of analytical psychology who was born in 1875 in Kesswil, Switzerland and the only child of a Swiss clergyman. His early family life played a critical role in shaping his theory as the huge focus placed on religion by his family contributed to the spiritual aspects of his theory. This is despite of his statement that he was bored by this heavy emphasis on religion during his youth. Through the various writings he found and personal experiences, Carl Jung was a young man intrigued by spirituality and the occult. Moreover, this psychologist was struck by several aspects of spiritualistic phenomena such as anecdotes, occurrences, symbols, and repetitious themes.

Jung's Personality Type Theory:

The personality type theory of Carl Jung basically entails several concepts like introversion, extroversion, and eight orientations. In his work, Jung developed eight distinct personality types which are the pairing of…...

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References:

Boeree, C.G. (2006). Carl Jung: 1875-1961. Retrieved from Shippensburg University website:

 http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html /

"Carl Jung and Myers Briggs Type Indicator." (2011, July 12). Major Themes. Retrieved July

18, 2012, from ??[\??[??[??????[????[?K??http://www.nwlink.com/Y??\????

Several days ago another friend of mine spoke about how he dreamed about him being a Chinese peasant in charge of a farm. He planted seeds into the ground and felt that the seeds were created by his soul rather than being ordinary seeds. He then saw several farm animals furiously coming toward him and wanting to harm him.

This friend's family emigrated from China at the beginning of the twentieth century and his great-grandfather actually was a farmer. He came here with his wife because he was pressed by financial problems and felt that emigrating would provide the opportunity to increase his earnings. The fact that my friend dreamt about being in China in spite of the fact that he never visited the country and knows very little about it contributes to confirming Jung's theory concerning how the collective unconscious can influence people's dreams.

My friend was provided with a set…...

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Bibliography:

Jung, Carl Gustav, "The Archetypes and the Collective Unconscious," (Princeton University Press, 01.08.1981)

He states,
No one with the faintest glimmering of mythology could possibly fail to see the startling parallels between the unconscious fantasies brought to light by the psychoanalytic school and mythological ideas." (Jung, par 316).

The Theory of Psychoanalysis is presented in an organized fashion that is clear and concise. Jung addresses his points in a logical order. Jung's order of presentation was dependent upon that of Freud and his closely followed the presentation format used in Freud's work. Jung's primary work was based on the ability to categorize certain phenomenon and human behaviors. His ability to categorize things was also apparent in his writing style. Jung tends to address certain groups of things based on their categorization. This is a key strength of Jung's writing.

Jung's the Theory of Psychoanalysis fails by modern standards as an evidence-based piece of research. His arguments are based on generalizations that were collected throughout his…...

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References

Carl Jung's "The Theory of Psychoanalysis." New York, New York: The Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease Publishing Company. 1915. Republished 1970 by Johnston Reprint Company.

Note: due to differences in page numbers between the original and reprint, paragraph numbers were used instead of page numbers.

The self, then, does not stem from individual experience but rather from what has been called "early psychosomatic unity" (Urban 2008).
The existence of these many archetypes -- the shadow, the anima/animus, the mother, etc. -- in all people is evidence for Jung's concept of the collective unconscious. These universal archetypes do not come from individual experiences or conscious awareness. Instead, they are entirely unconscious and present in all people, regardless of background, culture, or life experience. It is the unification of these archetypes in our own awareness that allows us to develop a sense of self.

Myers-riggs

Jung's theories about personality types have found their way into a popular and widely used personality "test": the Myers-riggs Type Indicator. This assessment was crafted based on Jung's personality theories. It begins with the assumption that "much seemingly random variation in behavior is actually quite orderly and consistent, being due to basic differences in…...

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Bibliography

Boeree, George. (2006). Carl Jung. Available at:

 http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html 

Heffner, Christopher L. (2002). Carl Jung's Analytic Psychology. Chapter 5 in Personality Synopsis. Available at:  http://allpsych.com/personalitysynopsis/jung.html 

Hillman, James. (1960) The Myth of Analysis: Three Essays in Archetypal Psychology.

One of the most common uses of employment tests is in the area of employment. Many employers use personality tests as a means to assess potential job candidates for their suitability, honesty, and loyalty to a future employer. Individual experience and interpretation can skew answers in such as manner as to render these tests unreliable. For instance, a person who is naturally unassertive might view the actions of an assertive person as aggressive, hostile, or angry. Likewise, an assertive person might see the actions of an unassertive person as weakness.
Previously, it was mentioned that seldom do people fall cleanly into one particular personality type of another. Yet, Jung's personality traits have found their way into a number of assessments and tools that are used in numerous situations. Many employers have begun to use personality tests, based on Jung's theories to decide if a candidate is right for a job.…...

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References

Diamond, S. (1999) "Jung's Angry Genius," by Stephen A. Diamond, originally published in The San Francisco Jung Institute Library Journal, 17 (4).

Forer, B.R. (1949). The fallacy of personal validation: a classroom demonstration of gullibility. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 44, 118-121. Retrieved October 12, 2010 from  http://www.all-about-psychology.com/support-files/the-fallacy-of-personal-validation-a-classroom-demonstration-of-gullibility.pdf 

Jung, C.G. (1971). Psychological types (Collected works of C.G. Jung, volume 6, Chapter X)

Kancher, C. (2007). Personality Test Back in Favor. California Job Journal. September 23, 2007. Retrieved October 12, 2010 from http://www.jobjournal.com/article_printer.asp?artid=2134

The patient's behaviors are not however, atypical in relation to his experiences. He is just one of many individuals who find themselves immersed in alienation because they cannot live up to the high expectations placed on them by society, and in turn, by themselves. These childhood drives to reach "the highest truths and values" (Palmer, 1999) are often thwarted by personal failures. When one's role in life does not match up with who or what he is told he is supposed to be, escapism through drugs, dissociation, and detachment from interpersonal relationships are common coping tools.

Jung purports that although dissociation "is most clearly observable in psychopathology, fundamentally it is a normal phenomenon" (Jung, 1991, p. 121). He adds that the products of dissociation "behave like independent beings" (p. 121). These products may appear in personified form - although Jung adds that these personifications appear particularly as archetypal figures. The psyche,…...

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References

Bennett, M. (2010) Return to freedom and dignity, Chapter 8

Jung C., (1968) The psychology of the child archetype: The futurity of the archetype. Collected Works of C.G. Jung, Vol. 9, Part 1. 2nd ed., Princeton University Press, pp. 164-165.

Jung, C.G. (1991) The collected works of C.G. Jung, Eds. H. Read, M. Fordham, G. Adler, and W. McGuire, trans R.F.C. Hull, Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press,

Palmer. P. (1999). Let your life speak: Listening for the voice of vocation. San Francisco, CA Jossey-Brass.

Synchronicity -- Carl Jung
Synchronicity is a term that C.G. Jung (Carl Jung) used to describe the simultaneous occurrence of two events that become connected because they bring about a "meaningful coincidence" (Jung, 1951, p. 90). Examples of synchronicity will be presented in this paper. Jung is the internationally respected Swiss psychiatrist who founded the school of analytical psychiatry and authored a number of books, including: Dreams; Red Book; Psychological Types; The Undiscovered Self; Psychology and Alchemy; Answer to Job; Mysterium Coniunctionis; and Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. The book Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle will be the primary source for this paper; also, this paper will also use Chapter 5 from the book Jung on Synchronicity and the Paranormal as well.

hat is Synchronicity?

In the book Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle, Jung takes time to explain what "acausal" means. One dictionary simply explains that "acausal" means something has no cause; in…...

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Works Cited

Hopcke, R. (1992). A guided tour of the collected works of C.G. Jung. Boston, MA: Shambhala

Publications.

Jung, C.G. (2013). Synchronicity: An Acausal Connecting Principle. Florence, KY: Routledge.

Self
Carl Jung's archetypes and the collective unconscious

This is a mythology concept based on the Freud's personal unconscious. Freud was in a quest to understand the reason behind some behaviors that were expressed by some individuals. He sought to understand what made the behaviors so automated and happened spontaneously. This prompted him to delve into the mind of people and try to understand that secret driving force within the mind. Freud proposed that there was the personal interpretation of aspects like dreams and images. He also insinuated that these aspects meant different things to different individuals hence the impossibility of having a common interpretation of individual dreams.

However, Jung postulated that these aspects do not only have the personal interpretation but also the collective meaning attached to them. For instance, there are dreams one could have for instance of the grandmother. According to Freud, there is that interpretation of the grandmother…...

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References

Barbara F., (1999). The Jungian Approach to Symbolic Interpretation. Retrieved March 2, 2013 from http://www2.cnr.edu/home/bmcmanus/approach.html

, 2003). This coupled with the ability to identify how previous trauma, recognized or not, impacts the stressors inherent in the aging process. This is particularly difficult in the age of managed care when assessments and interventions are geared toward brief treatment for presenting problems. However, being able to ask the right questions regarding veteran status as well as identify trauma that was experienced and how the individual has re-integrated into society may provide invaluable information for the treatment process. It is important to keep in mind that a veteran often presents him/herself to the social worker due to other sociological stressors (Sherwood et al., 2003). However, identifying veteran and trauma status cam insure that appropriate interventions and services are implemented.
Sherwood et al. (2003) point out particular steps that social workers can take in order to assess the level of trauma that a veteran is experiencing including evaluating how current…...

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References

Sherwood, R.J., Shimel, H, Stolz, P, & Sherwood, D. (2003). The aging veteran: Re-emerence of trauma issues. Journal of Gerontological Social Work, 40(4), 73-86.

doi: 10.1300J083v40n04_06

Carl Jung Personality/Iceberg Theory
Introduction to Carl Jung

Carl Jung grew up during the late nineteenth century in Switzerland in a Protestant Victorian culture. It was this culture that had such an impact on the values held by American individuals during that timeframe. Jung's father was a pastor and Jung, following medical school completion in the early part of the 1900s became a psychiatrist as well as a disciple of Sigmund Freud. (, paraphrased)

Summary of Jung's Personality/Iceberg Theory

The work of Sally Palmer Thomason (1992) states that the human psyche "could be compared to a giant iceberg -- the conscious mind is like the small exposed tip that is seen above the waterline; the far greater part, the unconscious mind, lies unseen, hidden beneath the surface." (Thomason, 1992) The work of Briggs Myer and Myers entitled "Gifts Differing: Understanding Personality Type" states that Jung wrote the theory of type over seventy years ago.…...

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References

Boeree, C. George (2006) Personality Theories. Retrieved from:  http://www.social-psychology.de/do/pt_jung.pdf 

Briggs Myers, I. And Myers, PB (1995) (Gifts Differing Understanding Personality Type). Nicholas Brealey Publishing 1995. Retrieved from:  http://books.google.com/books?id=yb_Vwmf1G6QC&dq=carl+jung+personality+test&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s 

Thomason, Sally (1992) The living spirit of the crone: turning aging inside out. Theology and the Sciences. Fortress Press 2006. Retrieved from:  http://books.google.com/books?id=b3lOtWoob9EC&dq=Carl+Jung+Personality+Iceberg+Theory&source=gbs_navlinks_s

As in other areas of psychology, Carl Jung agreed with Feud on many of the basics of dream interpretation. He began to see Freud's views as overly simplistic, however, and believed that there were deeper collective archetypes that made themselves known through dreams, and which represented basic elements of the human character as ways of dealing with unconscious issues. Also of great importance to Jung, according to Hall, was the context of the dream, especially when it came to dangerous elements: "It is important to look beyond the mere presence of physical danger to the dream-ego and make some assessment of its meaning within the dream" (Hall, 49). This is similar to Freudian interpretation in its seeking of a mechanism of meaning, rather than interpreting dreams as being purely symbolic in content, but Jung developed this much further.

orks Cited

Sigmund Freud. The Interpretation of Dreams. New York: Avon, 1980.

James Albert Hall.…...

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Works Cited

Sigmund Freud. The Interpretation of Dreams. New York: Avon, 1980.

James Albert Hall. Jungian Dream Interpretation. Toronto: Inner City Books, 1983.

Traveling worldwide, ogers participated in negotiating sessions involving disputes between Protestants and Catholics, religious, racial, and ethnic differences in South Africa, racial disputes in the United States, and consumers and health care professionals in several jurisdictions. He was widely recognized as being successful at resolving serious differences in most of these difference scenarios.
Carl ogers was born and raised in the United States but Carl Jung was born and raised in Switzerland. While ogers was an extroverted, personable individual, Carl Jung was a highly introverted individual who preferred a solitary life. By his own admission, Jung was happiest when he was left alone with his thoughts (Wehr, 2001).

Jung academic background was founded in the field of medicine. While attending medical school, Jung developed an interest in spirituality and it was this interest that eventually led to his becoming interested in psychiatry as a specialty. As part of his graduation requirements…...

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References

Jung, C.G. (1968). Man and His Symbols. New York: Dell.

Kirschenbaum, H. (2008). Life and Work of Carl Rogers. Alexandria, VA: American Counseling Association.

Rogers, C. (1979). The Foundations of the Person-Centered Approach. La Jolla, CA: Centrre for Studies of the Person.

Wehr, G. (2001). Jung: A Biography. Boston: Shambhala.

Myth
Exploring Self, Culture, History, eligion

Exploring the Self, Cultures, History, or eligion through Myth

Mythology (general)

PO Box, 60453,

LIVINGSTONE

Dear Lee,

How are you my little friend and how is everyone at your home? I hope all doing good. Pass my greetings to them.

I received your letter and was happy to know that you have been promoted to 4 rth and the final year of your college. Wow! You'll graduate after a year. Lee! You mentioned in your letter that you have chosen Mythology (general) as your elective subject and that you are facing some difficulties in it. I went through the attached course outline; there I found out that you will be exploring self, cultures, history, or religion through myth. Also there was a list of theories that you will be presenting throughout this course.

I have collected some data regarding the first theory "Carl Jung's archetypes and the collective unconscious." This data will…...

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References

Boeree, C.G. (2006). Personality Theories. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from  http://webspace.ship.edu/cgboer/jung.html .

Carl-jung.net. Concept of Collective Unconscious at Jung. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from  http://www.carl-jung.net/collective_unconscious.html .

Integration Training. Inner Voices: Embracing all the Parts of Our Personality. Retrieved June 15, 2012, from  http://integrationtraining.co.uk/blog/2011/01/inner-voices-embracing-all-parts-of-personality.html .

Jung, C.G. (1970). The Structure and Dynamics of the Psyche. New Jersey: Princeton University Press.

It is only through occult understanding that the forms and the archetypal images and symbols can be interpreted.
Here we see that the term unconsciousness is very similar to the Platonic ideals and forms. Another aspect that will form part of the theoretical perspective of this study is the concept of transformation. In order to understand the occult and its relationship to the forms, a process of transformation has to take place. In Platonic terms this transformation is a radical change in life, morality and ethics; while for Jung it is transformation in terms of the deeper understanding of the relation of the unconscious to the conscious mind.

Transformation also has related occult meaning and symbols such as fire. Fire is an age-old indication of change of perception and consciousness. This also refers to Jungian concepts such as the shadow. There are many other points of reference and similarity between the…...

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Bibliography

Archetypes as Defined by Carl Jung) October 9, 2004. http://www.acs.appstate.edu/~davisct/nt/jung.html#shadow

Arnzen. M. "The Return of the Uncanny." 1977. University of Oregon. March 17, 2004.  http://paradoxa.com/excerpts/3-3intro.htm 

Boeree, G. Carl Jung. October 11, 2004.  http://www.ship.edu/~cgboeree/jung.html 

Christian Churches of God) Mysticism Chapter 1 Spreading the Babylonian Mysteries (No. B7_1). October 9, 2004. http://www.holocaustrevealed.org/english/s/B7_1.html

Timeline
Sigmund Freud (1856-1949)

Sigmund Freud is the undisputed father of psychoanalysis. Should this statement seem to contradict assertions regarding the age-old status of psychology, it must be clarified that Freud was the first theorist to formalize the process of analysis, a practice that is not used in all modalities of psychology today. Analysis, specifically the psychoanalysis so often parodied in the cartoon of the tormented patient lying on the couch before the bearded quasi-Freudian father figure of the therapist, presupposes in its theoretical structure the existence of an subconscious element to the human mind, in other words, that how humans think they immediately perceive the world is not all that there is to human consciousness.

Freud used techniques such as free association to elicit reasons for his patient's behaviors. Freud began his treatment upon hysterics. He grew to believe that unresolved childhood traumas rather than physiological causes were at the root for…...

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Works Cited

Pavlov, Ivan. (2003) Lectures and translations. last modified: April 14, 2003. Retrieved on September 19, 2004 at /http://www.ivanpavlov.com

Ross, Kelly R. (2002) Karl Jung. Retrieved on September 19, 2004 at  http://www.friesian.com/jung.htm 

Thorton, Steven P. (2001) "Sigmund Freud." Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Retrieved on September 19, 2004 at   his Thoughthttp://www.utm.edu/research/iep/f/freud.htm#Backdropto 

1. The Enigma of Dreams: Delving into the Subconscious Mind

This title evokes a sense of intrigue and curiosity, suggesting an exploration into the mysterious world of dreams.

2. Unraveling the Tapestry of Dreams: A Journey into the Psyche

This title emphasizes the intricate and layered nature of dreams, inviting readers to embark on a journey of self-discovery.

3. Dreamweaving and the Architecture of the Mind

This title draws inspiration from the creative and imaginative process of dreaming, comparing it to the construction of a psychological edifice.

4. The Neuroscience of Dreams: Unlocking the Secrets of the Sleeping Mind

This title focuses on the scientific aspects of....

Inanna's descent to the underworld has had a significant influence on modern storytelling and popular culture in a variety of ways. Here are some examples:

1. Archetypal themes: The story of Inanna's descent is often seen as a classic example of the archetypal hero's journey, where the protagonist undergoes a transformative experience in the underworld before returning to the surface world. This theme has been replicated in countless modern stories, from novels and films to video games and television series.

2. Symbolism: The myth of Inanna's descent is rich in symbolism, with themes of death, rebirth, sacrifice, and transformation. These themes have....

Trauma theory has evolved significantly over time, starting with early understandings of trauma as physical injuries sustained in combat or accidents. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, psychologists such as Sigmund Freud began to explore the psychological impact of traumatic events, particularly in relation to the development of symptoms such as anxiety, flashbacks, and dissociation.

In the mid-20th century, scholars like Carl Jung and Pierre Janet furthered our understanding of trauma as a psychological phenomenon, emphasizing the role of unconscious processes and memory in shaping traumatic experiences. By the 1970s, the concept of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) had been....