Communication Apprehension Essays (Examples)

Communication

The 5 stages of group development are: Forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. (GMU, n.d.) Stage 4 is the only stage where the group is actually productive.

Stage 1: In this stage, the group leader is sought after for guidance. The group is more or less feeling out the situation and looking for safety. The group is attempting to get acquainted with the task at hand and the other group members. To move on to the next stage, each group member must give up the insecurities associated with the first stage.

Stage2: In stage two, competition and conflict takes over. It is crucial for the group members and the leader to allow for the group to take in new personalities, to show flexibility and to allow for the group members attitude adjustments. The most difficult part of this stage is group patience. If and when conflict occurs, the group…

Negotiations and Communications

Negotiation is the art and science of finding a way to agree between two or more groups. All of us know how to negotiate, we do it constantly during our days; between family, friends, colleagues, retailers, etc. Essentially, we are performing a communications duty that is part of group behavior. We use our communications tools -- both verbal and non-verbal, to express a viewpoint, to elicit a response, and to find a way to cooperate. Individuals who wish to improve their negotiating skills have a number of tools they can use. One of these, the Personal Bargaining Inventory, measures the five cognitions and their range of importance to the individual:

Planning -- Anticipation, rehearsal, monitor a plan in advance how conversations will occur.

Presence -- Awareness of the other's reactions, how to change resistance, etc.

Modeling -- Sizing up the environment, paying closer attention to how others…

REFERENCES

Doyce, D., Love, R., & Hyer, T. (2004, January). Negotiation Strategies. Retrieved from Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Services:  http://pods.dasnr.okstate.edu/docushare/dsweb/Get/Document-1676/F-198web.pdf 

Mitchell, O. (2010, August). Six Secrets from a Professional Speaker on Audience Participation. Retrieved from Speaking about Presenting:  http://www.speakingaboutpresenting.com/audience/six-secret-audience-participation/ 

Richmond, V., & McCroskey, J. (1998). Communication Apprehension, Avoidance and Effectivness. Boston, MA: Alllyn and Bacon.

Schuman, S. (2005, October 28). Conflict, Negotiation and Collaboration. Retrieved from Exedes.com:  http://www.exedes.com/NYSCMA-workshop.htm

Introduction

Relationships are all about communication: something you have probably heard before. But did you know that social science research backs up this claim, and can also provide you with the practical tools you need to minimize conflict and maximize harmony in your relationship? For example, research shows which barriers to communication might arise, why, and how you can overcome them. Research also shows that your self-concept and self-image have a strong bearing on how you comport yourself in your intimate relationships. Using appropriate levels of self-disclosure and emotional intelligence, you can improve your self-esteem and improve your relationship with each other and with people outside of your dyad. In this letter, I would like to outline for you some of the highlights of what I have learned in a course on communication. Far from being based on pop psychology or pseudoscience, what I am about to tell you is…

Computer-Mediated Communication

Since its advent in the 20th century, Internet technology has become a platform for social, political, and economic interactions and transactions. Currently, cultures and societies are exploring new ways of optimizing Internet technology, from making social interactions easier, more expansive, and more frequent to minute concerns such as transferring money from one person to another via wireless Internet technology. Indeed, from its current uses and applications to human society, computer-mediated communication has become a way of life, and is no longer a new phenomenon. In fact, apprehension about the usage of the above-mentioned applications of computer-mediated communication has disappeared as the benefits outweighed its perceived risks and challenges. Only those who absolutely have no experience with computer and Internet technologies cannot see the usefulness / benefits of computer-mediated communication.

Indeed, the thesis posited demonstrates how, over time, literature and research studies about computer-mediated communication (CMC) have been conducted…

References

Baumer, M. And H. Van Resburg. (2011). "Cross-cultural pragmatic failure in computer-mediated communication." Coolabah, No. 5.

Ess, C. And F. Sudweeks. (2005). "Culture and computer-mediated communication: toward new understandings." Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, Vol. 11, No. 1.

Romiszowski, A. And R. Mason. (2010). Computer Mediated Communication. NY: Prentice Hall.

Wrench, J. And N. Carter. (2007). "The relationship between computer-mediated communication competence, apprehension, self-efficacy, perceived confidence, and social presence." Southern Communication Journal, Vol. 72, No. 4.

communication?

In general, communication refers to the sharing of ideas by transmitting those ideas from at least one individual to at least one other individual. Communication can involve several different mediums: it includes verbal transmission of ideas, visual transmission of ideas, and it can involve both deliberate and unintentional or even unconscious transmission of ideas. Communication is not necessarily limited to same species either: individuals from different species often communicate using postures, mannerisms, and sounds that are universally associated with particular concepts, such as aggression and dominance or submission and fear, among many others.

What is the purpose of communication?

Communication has many different purposes. Most generally, it is intended to allow another individual to understand the state of mind of another individual. That state of mind may include myriad different ideas such as aggression, non-aggression, interest, non-interest, possessiveness over resources, and even deception, such as in the case of…

Speech Apprehension

Speech anxiety is a common term for the sense of fear or terror that comes over a person when they are called upon to speak or otherwise present in public. There are other ways to refer to it like anxiousness, anxiety, the jitters, stage fright, fear of public speaking and performance apprehension. It typically hits when someone has to deliver a presentation before a group of people. It makes little distinction whether the viewers is large or small, made up of recognizable or unfamiliar faces. Psychologists often believe speech anxiety is a particular case of what is frequently known as shyness (Colombo, n.d.).

According to the book of lists, the fear of speaking in public is the number one fear of all fears that people have. People who have this fear can experience all kinds of indications including sweaty hands, accelerated heart rate, memory loss and even trouble…

References

Colombo, J.R. (n.d.). Speech Anxiety: Overcoming the Fear of Public Speaking. Retreived from  http://www.speechcoachforexecutives.com/speech_anxiety.html 

Cuncic, A. (2009). Tips for Managing Public Speaking Anxiety. Retreived from  http://socialanxietydisorder.about.com/od/copingwithsad/a/speech.htm?rd=1 

Dealing with Communication Anxiety and Public Speaking. (2002). Retrieved from http://www.roch.edu/dept/spchcom/anxiety_handout.htm

Laskowski, L. (n.d.). Overcoming Speaking Anxiety in Meetings & Presentations. Retrieved from  http://www.ljlseminars.com/anxiety.htm

The purpose of effective communication is to co-ordinate efforts towards achieving team goals, enhancing quality of meetings for information to be shared, decisions collectively made, and for there to be shared understanding about the tasks to be performed. A necessary component of team work is establishing shared meaning of the work, and appropriate means of delivering high quality consumer care (Borrill et.al, 2000).

Effective healthcare centers heavily rely on effective communication for them to live up to their missions. Productivity at the workplace improves when information flawlessly flows from one level to another. It leads to more tasks completed, consequently leading to the fulfillment of goals. In the workplace too, effective communication usually has a positive effect on employee performance through increased morale, higher retention rates and the overall productivity at the workplace. According to Aramyan (2015), it also leads to reduced misunderstandings, increased empowerment and truthfulness, as well as…

Health Care oles in Communication

Communication is a fundamental piece of health care education and has been shown to improve health outcomes, patient compliance, and patient satisfaction. Quality health care emphasizes knowledge and utilization of communication skills. Health care professionals often express anxiety and lack of confidence and are deficient in a creating a situations that are conducive to open and candid communication with patients (Kameg et. al., 2009).

Effective communication involves gathering information, establishing a relationship or connection with a patient, and supporting the person through words and other non-verbal forms of interactions. Effective communication involves not only the interactions between the staff and the patient but also the interactions between staff and the interactions between the staff in front of the patient. Many times the high demand for services in a health care facility cause the staff to overlook the importance of good communication skills and enables situations…

References

Beer, J.E. (2003). Nonverbal Communication: Communicating across cultures. Cultures at work. Retrieved May 29, 2011 from  http://www.culture-at-work.com/nonverbal.html 

Coiera, E. (2006, May). Communication systems in healthcarre. Clinical Biochemist Reviews. nursing.Vol. 27, Issue 2, 89-98. Retrieved May 28, 2011 from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1579411/ 

Gamble, T.K. & Gamble, M. (2006). Communication works. Burr Ridge, IL: McGraw-Hill.

Health Communication. (2010). Health communication. Healthy people 2010: Objectives for improving reproductive health. Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion. Retrieved May 29, 2011 from  http://www.hhs.gov/opa/pubs/hp2010/hp2010rh_sec2_healthcomm.pdf

downward communication or upward communication more important to the success of an organization?

In the context of present day business the communication confronts the complex criticalities in devising strategies and processes to address the communication function in the ways that improve the success of organization. (How to Craft Successful Employee Communication in the Information Age) The effective communication is considered to be an essential instrument in respect of the variation elements. (First-ate Communication Skills) An effective communication is considered inevitable for infusing morale and enhancing productivity among the workforce so as to ensure the management the benefits of employee input etc. (Checklists for Upward and Downward Communications) The organization is evidentially becomes effective and efficient and workers are found to be contented and committed while the communication is successful. When it is unsuccessful the organization as well as the individual members is to suffer. (Thinking through Communication: An Introduction to…

References

1. Retrieved from http://pirate.shu.edu/~gonosann/assignments/communication.htm Accessed on 24 February, 2005

Baker, Kathryn A. Chapter 13: Organizational Communication. Retrieved from http://www.sc.doe.gov/sc-5/benchmark/Ch%2013%20Organizational%20Communication%2006.08.02.pdf Accessed on 24 February, 2005

Ball, John. Understanding the importance of communication. 23 April 2003. Retrieved from  http://www.accaglobal.com/publications/studentaccountant/907747  Accessed on 24 February, 2005

Business Writing Introduction-Page Two. Retrieved from  http://faculty.millikin.edu/~moconner.hum.faculty.mu/e201/intro2.html  Accessed on 25 February, 2005

speaking in the target language is the expectation that a proficient speaker will sound like a native speaker. Is this an appropriate or realistic expectation?

Not a long while after the emergence of the subject of second language acquisition (SLA), which most of the scholars think came around the time of initial years of 1970s, there has been a need to develop ways by which to measure the development of the second language, aside from the usage of detailed homogeneous skill tests which were mostly appropriate to fulfill other objectives.

As per Freeman's (2009) information, the first declaration of this need was made by Kenji Hukuta (1976). Kenji Hakuta was concerned in knowing the path of his subject Ugusiu's English language development over a period of time. Besides the aforementioned practitioners, other L1 acquisition scholars had carried out for the pupils learning English as a national language. In the research…

References

Bardovi-Harlig, K., & Dornyei, Z. (1998). Do language learners recognize pragmatic violations? Pragmatic vs. grammatical awareness in instructed L2 learning. TESOL Quarterly, 32, 233 -- 259.

Bialystok, E. (1991). Achieving proficiency in a second language: A processing description. In R. Philipson, E. Kellerman, L. Selinker, M. Sharwood Smith, & M. Swain (Eds.), Foreign/second language pedagogy research: A commemorative volume for Claus Faerch (Vol. 64, pp. 63 -- 78). Clevedon, UK: Multilingual Matters.

Bialystok, E. (1993). Symbolic representation and attentional control in pragmatic competence. In G. Kasper & S. Blum-Kulka (Eds.), Interlanguage pragmatics (pp. 43 -- 59). New York: Oxford University Press.

Bouton, L.F. (1988). A cross-cultural study of ability to interpret implicatures in English. World Englishes, 7(2), 183 -- 196.

Variations are to ask each student to write their own sheet or to have small groups do so. (22) Value Lines: Students line up according to how strongly they agree or disagree with a proposition or how strongly they value something. This gives a visual reading of the continuum of feelings in the group. Next, sort students into heterogeneous groups for discussion by grouping one from either end with two from the middle. Ask students to listen to differing viewpoints in their groups and to fairly paraphrase opposing positions.

23) Forced Debate: Ask all students who agree with a proposition to sit on one side of the room and all opposed on the other side. Hanging signs describing the propositions helps. It is important that they physically take a position and that the opposing sides face each other. After they have sorted themselves out, switch the signs and force them…

Bibliography

Andrews, P.H. (1985). Basic Public Speaking. New York: Harper and Row.

Baird, J.E. (1974). The Effects of "Previews" and "Reviews" upon Audience Comprehension of Expository Speeches of Varying Quality and Complexity. Central States Speech Journal. 25, 119127.

Beatty, M.J. (1988). Situational and Predispositional Correlates of Public Speaking Anxiety. Communication Education. 37, 28-39.

Bernhardt, D. Workshop on Public Speaking, University of California at Berkeley, Aug.1989.

Leader's Self-Insight 1.1: Your Learning Style: Using Multiple Intelligences

I scored evenly on all of the types of intelligence measured by this self-assessment: logical-mathematical, verbal-linguistic, interpersonal, intrapersonal, and musical. This indicates that I am a well-rounded person with the ability to work in multiple environments on different tasks.

Leader's Self-Insight 1.2: Your Leadership Potential

I scored slightly more (7) on the even-numbered indicators than on the odd ones (6), indicating I have leadership capabilities such as "vision and change." However, the scores were about even.

Leader's Self-Insight 1.3: Are You on a Fast Track to Nowhere?

On people skills, I scored 3 out of the 4 qualities. I believe I have solid interpersonal skills. On working with authority, I scored 2. I believe I need to work more on my assertiveness and courage when dealing with persons in positions of authority because I remain afraid to speak up and express…

Reference

Daft, R.L. The Leadership Experience.

When the perceived role and the expected role are incongruent, conflict can occur both between the leader and his followers, and within himself. This can result in a slowdown in production, a lowering of morale and resistance to changes that the leader may be trying to implement (obbins & Judge, 2007).

According to Shafritz & Ott (2005) an organization is essentially a tool that people use to coordinate their actions as a means of achieving their goals. Often, the attainment of these goals requires some form of negotiation. Negotiating conflict is the area of leadership communication that can be the most problematic because if matters are not handled correctly, the conflicts can escalate until they are no longer under control. Leaders who are not attentive to their employees' needs and desires are not very likely to have a happy and productive workforce (Shafritz & Ott, 2005). Thus communication is ultimately…

References

Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and performance beyond expectation. New York: Free Press.

Bass, B.M., and Avolio, B.J. (1994). Shatter the glass ceiling: Women may make better managers. Human Resource Management, 33, 549-560.

Billsberry, J., (2009). Discovering leadership, Basingstoke, Palgrave OU Press.

Bisel, R.S., Ford, D.J., & Keyton, J. (2007). Unobtrusive control in a leadership organization: Integrating control and resistance. Western Journal of Communication, 71, 136 -- 158.

Attachment dimensions were found to be related to self-esteem, expressiveness, instrumentality, trust in others, beliefs about human nature and styles of loving" (Collins pg 644).

This topic will discuss how we as individuals can either mock or act in a totally different way than those we communicate with, and how our choice to act in either of those two ways can affect how what we say is perceived.

Summary

How all of the above components interact to form our communication skills and the way we communicate with others will provide a foundation for the paper that should prove very viable. The paper will discuss the interactions of our communication relationships including how those relationships are perceived. hether our communication attempts involve relationships, or the methods used to convey what it is we wish to convey will be discussed in a comprehensive and enlightening manner.

Conclusion

By completing the necessary research,…

Works Cited

Collins, Nancy L., Read, Stephen, "Adult Attachment, Working Models, and Relationship Quality Dating Couples" Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, April 1990, pp. 644-663

DeVito, Joseph A., The Interpersonal Communication Book, New York: Harper & Row, 1976

Sondell, Katarina, Soderfeldt, Bjorn, Palmgvist, Sigyard, "Underlying Dimensions of Verbal Communication Between Dentists and Patients in Prosthetic Dentistry," Patient Education and Counseling, June, 2003, pp. 157-165

veterinary tech that everyone here looks down on me" Ericka stated after the group leader asked her how her life was going. She sat near the door, her legs and arms crossed, clutching her coat and looking at the floor. The group, a focus group on how to improve interpersonal relationships, was composed of health care workers that were primarily doctors and nurses. "So what is on your mind?" The group leader asked again. Ericka then continued with her life issues, "ight now I am nervous because I have to move and I am in the process of changing jobs. I can't find a place that will fit my budget but I have to be out of my place in two days. I am getting real nervous and do not want to end up jobless and living on the street..." A well-dressed man in the back interrupted "Have you looked…

References

Could, J.R. (1969). Barriers to effective business communication. Journal of Business Communication January,6, (2), 53-58.

Rogers, C.R. (1959). A theory of therapy, personality and interpersonal relationships, as developed in the client-centered framework. In S. Koch (Ed.), Psychology: A study of science, (pp. 184-256). New York: McGraw Hill.

Men and women who work directly with each other often get hung up on communication issues, particularly over concerns that entail authority, support, and the supervision of others. This happens due to the fact that the sexes have different methods of communicating. They call for achievement and guidance in a different ways. Their spoken answers and moments are often dissimilar. And they have diverse approaches for articulating workplace burdens. The consequence of this can be mistakes. In the end this leads to a lot of cross talk. Presently, almost half of all privately held companies are 50% or more owned by women. This translates to there being 11 million private ventures at which women owners must converse their objectives and operational needs to both male and female clients, merchants, associates and employees. Women have to appreciate how men talk during business, and the other way around as well (Krotz, 2010).…

References

Business Conversation Etiquette. (2010). Retrieved September 15, 2010, from Work Etiquette

Web site:  http://www.worketiquette.co.uk/business-conversation-etiquette.html 

How to Have a Business Conversation. (2010). Retrieved September 15, 2010, from eHow Web

site: http://www.ehow.com/how_2049812_have-business-conversation.html

FCC Rules

The FCC has recently authorized novel mergers amid media corporations; adversaries of the novel set of laws are expecting Congress to build no less than a temporary halt for such contracts and set of laws.

The set of laws, which was approved with a veto-proof majority and moved to the Senate, is an effort to kill one of a sequence of novel regulations produced by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC) as fraction of a court-ordered reduction of government power over the media. The novel FCC regulation would boost present restrictions and permit media companies to possess an adequate amount of television stations to communicate amid 45% of the America's addressees. One more novel regulation that Congress has decided to turn over is going to permit companies to possess a newspaper, as well as a broadcast station in a huge media marketplace (1).

Relationship and authority between the FCC…

Bibliography

1) A.N. Crigler. The Psychology of Political Communication. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press. 1996.

2) Elfriede Fursich and Eli P. Lester Roushanzamir. Corporate Expansion, Textual Expansion: Commodification Model of Communication. Journal of Communications Inquiry 25.4. October 2001.

3) Edward S. Herman, Z Magazine. Word Tricks & Propaganda. http://zena.secureforum.com/Znet/zmag/zarticle.cfm?Url=articles/june97herman.htm

FCC Rules

Translation -- Art or Science?

One of the most interesting examples generated by the debate over the philosophy of the North American Translation Workshop is an anecdote that chronicles the practice of an experiment of Harvard students, all of whom had to translate a passage to contextually render its meaning to individuals of their own historical place in time. It is noted that this practice, of "actual translation" or enacted translation "opened up fixed ways of seeing" these received documents of their particular culture. (15) In other words even translation of the familiar is not a literal process, where a set of words takes upon the meaning of another set of words, in a language other than the original document and other than the language of the writer. Translation is a holistic interaction of language, culture, and the individual translator's artistic sensibility.

Thus, the philosophy of the North American Translation…

Officers simply enter information on these cases and the program attempts to make possible connections to other entered data. (FI).

Clearly this program increases understanding of criminal typologies because it allows a law enforcement agency to find patterns in behavior across numerous jurisdictions. More so, it is an easy and efficient method of tracking criminals, including sex offenders, especially in cases that have gone unsolved for numerous years.

Modus Operandi Database

Modus Operandi, which means, "mode of operation" is used to describe a criminal's characteristic patterns and style of going about their criminal acts. It is often used in offender profiling as tracking the modus operandi often leads to clues involving the offender's psychology. A modus operandi database merely collects and organizes information on modus operandi, allowing law enforcement agencies to make connections to other agency information.

Such database programs clearly allows law enforcement agencies to increase their understanding of…

Bibliography

FBI. Investigative Programs. www.fbi.gov.

Turvey, B.E. Criminal Profiling: An Introduction to Behavioral Evidence Analysis. San Diego: Academic, 1999.

role a hired consultant organization. You asked president organization prepare a background paper results research findings make recommendations improve group productivity organization.

Manufacturing plant

The manufacturing plant is characterized by the fact that it conducts manufacturing operations for the parent company, yet it is physically separated from it. In the current case, a problem has been observed in the fact that the manufacturing plant is also culturally separated from the parent company. In other words, the internal culture of the parent company is one based on operational efficiency and profitability, but attained through the adequate integration of all resources available. The parent company as such develops and implements an extensive human resource programs, which is underdeveloped at the manufacturing plant.

Within the manufacturing facility then, a wide array of problems arises among the staff members and these unavoidably lead to productivity shortages. In such a setting then, it is believed…

References:

Fischer, F.M., 2010, The application of the controllability principle and managers' responses: a role theory perspective, Springer

Holt, M., Best practices for productivity improvement, Chron,  http://smallbusiness.chron.com/practices-productivity-improvement-695.htmllast  accessed on July 18, 2012

Mercer, C., What is 'role conflict' in organizations?, eHow, http://www.ehow.com/about_6304551__role-conflict_-organizations_.html last accessed on July 18, 2012

Thompson, M., 7 steps to exceptional virtual team communication, Ezine Articles,  http://ezinearticles.com/?7-Steps-to-Exceptional-Virtual-Team-Communication&id=440334last  accessed on July 18, 2012

Counter-Terrorism and Social Media: Freedom vs. Security

The United States prides itself to being the most democratic nation of the world, with the highest respect for the human being, for its values, norms, and dreams. At the same time, before 9/11, it was also considered to be one of the safest nations of the world. The attacks on the World Trade Center towers, in particular pointed out that there are gaps in security and that even the United States represent a vulnerable target. Since then, the security measures have been seriously increased, in certain areas of expertise; security rules have been created if they did not exist. All these measures fueled a constant debate on whether the security that has been increased affects or not the liberties and freedoms of the American population.

On May 1st 2011, Osama bin Laden has been announced dead by the U.S. President, arack Obama…

Bibliography

CNN Wire Staff. (2011) "Bin Laden killing caps decade-long manhunt." CNN Asia.  http://edition.cnn.com/2011/WORLD/asiapcf/05/02/bin.laden.dead/index.html?hpt=T2 

Cook, Martin L. (2001) Ethical Issues in Counterterrorism Warfare. Department of Command, Leadership, and Management. U.S. Army War College. May 3, 2011 http://ethics.sandiego.edu/Resources/PhilForum/Terrorism/Cook.html

Cornell University Law School. (N.d.) Michigan Dept. Of State Police v. Sitz. 1990.  http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0496_0444_ZS.html 

Cornell University Law School. (N.d.) Terry v. Ohio. 1967. May 3, 2011  http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0392_0001_ZS.html

Infant Mortality

Health Care Disparities in Infant Mortality

Numerous empirical studies have demonstrated a significant discrepancy in survival rates of newborns of different race. It has been shown that black infants are two times more likely to die within the first month of life than their white counterparts. Identification of these disparaged findings has prompted analysis of health care offered from a demographic perspective, considering racial treatment and socioeconomic conditions. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) has examined race-specific mortality information on newborns, and reported a series of noted and persistent trends coinciding with the data differences. It is necessary to address this inconsistency in survival rates between the black and white races to identify potential changes in health care delivery systems and eliminate racial factors in infant mortality.

The U.S. government has identified six classes of racial and ethnic minority discrepancies in health care access, experience, and outcomes. In…

References

American Academy of Pediatrics (2004). Homepage. Retrieved March 23, 2004, at  http://www.aap.org/default.htm 

Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (2004). Homepage. Retrieved March 23, 2004, at  http://www.cms.hhs.gov/schip/default.asp ?

Iyasu, S, & Tomashek, K. (2002, July 12). Infant Mortality and Low Birth Weight Among Black and White Infants -- "United States, 1980-2000. Weekly, 51(27), 589-592. Retrieved March 23, 2004, from Center for Disease Control, Full Text Database,  http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm5127a1.htm 

Health and Human Services. (2000). Eliminating Racial and Ethnic Disparities in Health.

eligion Colonial Education

eligion as a Driving Force

The impact of religion on the human psyche is both important and worthy of investigation. The spiritual aspects that drive the human soul to its desires is a powerful, but often ignored power that can be used to help create a learning environment and teach us about the true capacity of the human mind. The importance of religion and the freedom to pursue one's own spiritual path is embedded in the values of this country as noted in the Bill of ights of the United States Constitution. This essay will explore how this religious freedom has impacted higher education in the history of this nation, and how these forces are still impacting the environment today.

The colonial movement away from England was revolutionary in many ways. Freedom loving individuals who had the courage to step away from harmful circumstances and create a…

References

Axtell, J. (1976). The school upon a hill: Education and society in colonial New England. Norton.

Bonomi, P.U. (2003). Under the cope of heaven: Religion, society, and politics in Colonial America. Oxford University Press.

Stout, H.S. (1977). Religion, communications, and the ideological origins of the American revolution. The William and Mary Quarterly: A Magazine of Early American History, 519-541.

Wisniewski, M. (2011). Religion, and controversy, always part of U.S. education. Reuters, 9 Jun 2011. Retrieved from  http://www.reuters.com/article/2011/06/09/us-usa-religion-schools-idUSTRE75829R20110609

The organization also seems to be rather adept at evaluating employee performance regularly and fairly. The organizational leaders have, on the whole, established culture of trust, in which employees feel free to speak their minds and express their ideas without apprehension.

CHA is not perfect, however. There are definitely some weaknesses in the organization as well. For example, some of the organization's leaders are not as skilled as they could be at handling conflict and negotiation. There is sometimes a lack of effective communication from the top down which results in problems that resonate throughout the company. When this happens, the conflict that ensues is not always handled as diplomatically as it could be. The "blame game" seems to be a popular pastime in the organization, which ultimately just serves to reduce morale.

My suggestion for overcoming this weakness is to send managers to training sessions on effective communication. In…

References

Bell, M.P. (2007) Diversity in organizations, Thomson Southwestern

Civilian Human Resource Agency (CHRA). (2010) "About Us." Retrieved from http://www.cpol.army.mil/employment/benefits_compensation.htm

Dessler, G. (2005) Human resource management. Prentice-Hall, 10th ed

Gilley, a., McMillan, H.S., and Gilley, J.W. (2009). Organizational change and characteristics of leadership effectiveness. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 16, 38-47

Emergency Management:

There is no doubt that the U.S. is a super-power in the world of sports, development, technology, governance, name them; however, there also is no doubt that with regard to disaster management, ours is a picture that is far from the ideal. The catastrophic events of 9/11 and Hurricane Katrina showed only too well why we need to start giving the topic of disaster management the attention it deserves. With the oil spill in the gulf threatening to pose a bigger problem than we all thought originally, the nation's leaders will have to act fast to ensure that, at least this time, we get things right. The fact that we have somehow been able to predict this particular one should not get us chest-thumping and closing our eyes to the reality that disasters are most times non-predictable. How well we can deal with terrorist threats, floods, hurricanes, or…

Achieving Course Goals

After review of the topics we shall be covering, relations between my nursing practice and course material became noticeable. The course topic that I felt related most to my current practice is, "grammar and punctuation" for the following reasons. Nurses must be precise and effective when documenting which makes grammar and punctuation an essential skill to understand and perfect. The purpose of documentation is to promote effective communications, ensure quality patient care, and meet professional legal standards. Documentation is a vital component in the healthcare delivery system and is essential in communicating amongst other professionals. It is the way healthcare providers can be assure of continuity and quality care being provided to patients.

Proper documentation accommodates the need of patients and protects the nurse by providing an audit trail in a court of law. Inadequate documentation can lead to any claim in regard to a supposed act…

References

Curtin, L. (2014, September). Documentation: You've got a lot to lose. American Nurse Today, 7(9), 64.

de Ruiter, H. P. & Demma, J. M. (2011, January 1). Nursing: The skill and art of being in a society of multitasking. Creative Nursing, 17(1), 25-27.

Fox, B. I. & Andrus, M. (2011, March). Selecting a clinical intervention documentation system for an academic setting. American Journal of Pharmaceutical Education, 75(2), 37-39.

Green, D. (2014, January/February). New ICD-10 coding: Documentation to provide better care, support more accurate billing. American Nurse, 46(1), 4.

Terrorist Profiling

Task force case study: Creating a new parole policy to reduce crime and expenditures on crime

Other than her immediate advisors or cabinet members, who should the governor seek for advice on the plan?

The two major areas of controversy that are likely to arise regarding the Utopian governor's plan are how the plan deals with community safety and the need to balance the rights of currently and formerly incarcerated prisoners with the rights of victims. Members of the state police and corrections divisions who have considerable experience in dealing with reintegrating offenders into the community should provide input into how they think the plan will impact and change the current levels of violence and recidivism within the state and within the prison population. Equally critical, however, is to solicit the viewpoints of local advocates in crime-ridden communities to discuss how the policies being developed will affect residents.…

Works Cited

Community Corrections." (2008). Federal Bureau of Prisons. Retrieved 24 Feb 2008 at  http://www.bop.gov/locations/cc/index.jsp 

Marshall, Gordon. (1998). "Classical Criminology." Dictionary of Sociology. Oxford University Press. Retrieved 24 Feb 2008 at  http://www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1O88-criminologyclassical.html

Global Business Cultural Analysis

Nigeria

Nigerian History

Synopsis of Nigerian government

Nigerian monarchy to presidential system

The evolution of Nigeria from British control to a civilian democratic government

Nigerian major commodities

Oil

Food

The major elements and dimensions of culture in Nigeria

Cultural dimensions

Individualism

Power distance

Masculinity

Uncertainty

Model of culture

Universalism or Particularize

How is the integration of elements and dimensions that Nigerians doing business in the country?

The effects of governments on the prospects for its business around the world

How the elements and dimensions compared with the United States, culture, and business?

The role of women in the workplace

Business visitors must be dressed in an elegant and tie (for men!)

Cross-cultural business transactions between the United States and Nigeria

Conclusion

eferences

Abstract

Thurstan Shaw and Steve Daniels, who are the founder for archaeological research proved in their research that Nigeria has been developed since 9,000…

References

Afolayan, T.E. (2011). Coming To America: The Social and Economic Mobility of African Immigrants in the United States. Inquiry (University of New Hampshire), 6-11. Retrieved from EBSCO host.

 http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=60705725&site=ehost-live&scope=site 

Alutu, O.E., & Udhawuve, M.L. (2009). Unethical Practices in Nigerian Engineering Industries: Complications for Project Management. Journal of Management in Engineering, 25(1), 40-43. Doi: 10.1061 / (ASCE) 0742-597X (2009)25:1(40)

 http://search.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/login.aspx?direct=true&db=a9h&AN=35745908&site=ehost-live&scope=site

Similarly, I have learned that counter-transference is also a risk within any relationship potentially prone to transference (Mitchell & Black, 2003). As a practical matter, I intend to maintain awareness of any tendencies on my part toward counter-transference by being aware of any tendency to think about clients in between sessions in any manner other than in direct connection to their clinical issues. At the first sign of any potential risk of counter-transference, I would consider discontinuing the relationship and referring the patient to a colleague.

What qualities do you have that will make you an effective psychologist?

I believe my most important personal quality that will make me an effective psychologist is empathy, because I genuinely care about other people. There is empirical evidence suggesting that this is, indeed, one of the most important qualities of good psychologists (Gerrig & Zimbardo, 2009). I believe that I am conscientious and…

References

Gerrig, R, and Zimbardo, P. (2009). Psychology and Life. Upper Saddle River, NJ:

Pearson.

Krasner, M., Epstein, R., Beckman, H., Suchman, a., Chapman, B., and Mooney, C. "Association of an educational program in mindful communication with burnout, empathy, and attitudes among primary care physicians." Journal of American Medical Association, Vol. 302, No. 12 (2009): 1284-1292.

McWilliams, N. (2004). Psychoanalytic Psychotherapy: A Practitioner's Guide. New York: Guilford.

These breath-testers use a range of technologies including electrochemical fuel cells, infrared absorption, metallic oxide semiconductors and disposable color-change testers.

The disposable breath-testers are cheap to purchase and very useful in detecting alcohol in a person's system. When the test is positive, to check for other drugs in his system, the person is required to give a blood sample for confirmation by a laboratory. In addition his urine sample is also taken to test for the presence of other drugs in his system.

Breath testers have been in use in the United States since the 1940s. Then the machines used to detect alcohol were not as accurate as the ones used today. Nowadays mostly infrared absorption devices are used. They have a sample chamber from where the breath passes. This comes in contact with the infrared light, which counts the ions of alcohol thus measuring the alcohol level.

The Tennessee…

REFERENCE:

1. Jerry W. Kilgore - "DNA Samples Prove to Be Effective in Solving Crimes." Magazine Title: Corrections Today. Volume: 65. Issue: 4. July 2003. 28.

2. "DNA Money." Newspaper Title: The Washington Times. March 12, 2003. A06.

3. Richard S. Julie - "High-Tech Surveillance Tools and the Fourth Amendment: Reasonable Expectations of Privacy in the Technological Age." Journal Title: American Criminal Law Review. Volume: 37. Issue: 1. Publication Year: 2000. Page Number: 127

4. News Story: Camera detects concealed weapons in real-time. [ http://news.thomasnet.com/fullstory/463051 ] Accessed Aug 21, 2005

Vision for Society: A Just Society

The Vision: A Just Society

It is a moral duty for those in immigration department to ensure that immigrants get free English classes to help them promote their own life. In AACA, there are rules that do not allow employees to help immigrants. For instance, reading letters for immigrants who cannot read and understand English is not a responsibility of AACA staff. In this regard, clients end up going back with unsolved problems because AACA staffs are not obliged to assist them. Although such acts do not form part of the organization's duty, helping these immigrants read bills and solve their problems is a moral duty that calls for commonsense. Commonsensical thoughts from Kant's point-of-view begin with the idea that what is good; is a good will. The thought of good will is a noteworthy reasonable decisive factor that Kant employs all through his…

References

Foucault, M. (2012). Discipline & Punishment. London: Knopf Doubleday Publishing

Group.

Freire, P. (2000). Pedagogy of the oppressed: 30th anniversary edition. London:

Continuum International Publishing Group.

Due to the apparently low level of contagion, the need for public awareness is not urgent, but it is still necessary. Warnings to stay away from the convention area and to report to a local hospital if symptoms developed after being in the area or in contact with someone who had been at the convention should be issued (CDC 2009).

The known details of the attack, however, should not be released, as it is likely to create panic and bolster the terrorists' optimism. Federal assistance should be immediately sought, not necessarily for control of the spread of the disease but for the investigation and apprehension of suspects. All available resources should be called in as soon as possible in order to counter the attack. As far as treatment of the attack goes, mass prophylaxis of all convention attendees and those who have come into contact with infected individuals should be…

References

Bravata DM, Sundaram V, McDonald KM, Smith WM, Szeto H, Schleinitz MD, et al. (2004). "Detection and diagnostic decision support systems for bioterrorism response." Emerging infectious diseases. Accessed 25 April 2009.  http://www.cdc.gov/ncidod/EID/vol10no1/03-0243.htm 

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). "Emergency preparedness and response." Accessed 25 April 2009. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/

Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2009). "Anthrax." Accessed 25 April 2009. http://www.bt.cdc.gov/agent/anthrax/

Gerberding JL, Hughes J, Koplan J. (2002). "Bioterrorism preparedness and response." Journal of the American medical association. Accessed 25 April 2009.  http://jama.ama-assn.org/cgi/content/full/287/7/898

entrapment' and 'outrageous Governmental conduct'. Entrapment is usually permitted within confines of the law even though it contradicts the fourth and fifth amendments. It refers to entrapping the suspect into a situation where it is clearly seen that he was willing and ready to violate the law. 'Outrageous Government conduct,' on the other hand, refers to cases when the Government's conduct was so egregious that it provoked the accused into committing the transgression. Usually conducted out of undue zeal, particular Government official(s) can be egregious in their 'entrapment' conduct and generally, although not always, consequent in running afoul of the law.

The distinction between 'entrapment' and 'outrageous government conduct' is illustrated by the following fictitious case history, "Alabama vs. Billy Bob," where, on the grounds of 'Outrageous Governmental conduct', I appeal to the Judge to exonerate Mr. Bob.

The Appeal

There is no doubt in my mind that, firstly, Mr.…

Sources

Bardhan, P. (1997). Corruption and Development: A Review of Issues Journal of Economic Literature, 3. pp. 1320-1346.

Coleman, Stephen (2004). When Police Should Say "No!" To Gratuities. Criminal Justice Ethics, p. 33-50.

Hampton v.U.S.

. http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgibin/getcase.pl?court=U.S.&vol=425&invol=484

This quality can bridge the strengthening of ethical conduct and building ethical standards in their departments with the rigidity with which these departments are run. This indicates that raising the ethical and humanistic behavioral level of the police force is possible. Record shows that, in recent decades, police departments have gained public support in reducing corruption and of disruptive conduct to the universal rights of man by establishing and strengthening both internal and external accountability standards among their forces (O'Donnell).

. Much of harmony in society is associated with an efficient and honest police force (O'Donnell, 2011). Society still depends on the police for the perpetuation of harmony. When the police behave predictably, with restraint and according to the rule of law, ordinary people become inclined to believe in and trust in the government again. When the most disadvantaged and the poorest in society receive the same treatment as the…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Attard, B. (2010). Oversight of law enforcement is beneficial and needed -- inside and out. Vol. 30 # 5, Pace Law Review: National Association for Civilian Oversight.

Retrieved on March 30, 2013

Johnson, C. (2011). Policing the police: U.S. steps up enforcement. NPR: National

Public Radio. Retrieved on March 30, 2013 from  http://www.npr.org/2011/06/12/136896719/policing-the-police-u-s-steps-up-enforcement

Supervisory Development Plan

This situational analysis is about the different ways in which situations can be handled. There is not much difficulty in understanding the complexity of the situation which is about to be discussed. Situational analysis starts with the setting of goals which then will be analyzed and decided how to go about them. This way the knowledge base will also increase. It will also help in improving the overall productivity. The performance gap will also help ensure that everything is done in a proper manner net time. With the help of different feedback from different people, I will then come to the conclusion which should have been reached to from the start.

The first step to devising a supervisory plan is to set goals. Without the proper set of goals the plan will surely fail. This will result in the whole plan to flop. All the work which…

Tests and Measurements

The activities of the classrooms are revealed to the learners, instructors and the institutions through administering normalized tests. They encompass gathered knowledge in reading, mathematics, and English for learners starting from kindergarten up to the high school level. Several instructors detest from organizing and evaluating tests and a majority of the students are scared of appearing in them. ut tests are potent didactic instruments which provide at the minimum four tasks. First of all, tests assist in judging pupils and evaluating if they are receiving their education as per our reckoning. Secondly, properly planned tests provide inspiration and assist pupils to systematize their educational pursuits. (Davis, 1993, p.19)

Learners undertake their lessons in manners that show how they imagine their tests will be like. When they anticipate that a test is going to ascertain their knowledge about facts, they will get by heart the particulars; when they…

Bibliography

Burley, Hansel. A Measure of Knowledge. American School Board Journal. Volume: 189;

No: 2; February 2002, pp: 43-48

Davis, Barbara Gross. Tools for Teaching. Jossey-Bass Publishers;

San Francisco, 1993

psychological process that leads to terrorism. The author achieves this through using a metaphor that narrows down a staircase that leads to the act of terrorism at the top of a building. This staircase usually leads to higher and higher floors, one remaining on a particular floor is dependent on doors, and spaces, which the person imagines, are going to open to them on that particular floor. This staircase of terrorism has a ground floor and five higher floors. A particular psychological process characterizes the behavior in each of the floor. The ground floor is occupied by majority of the people here what matters most are fairness and just treatment perceptions. People then climb to the first floor and they try out different floors in search of solutions to their perceived unjust treatment. The second floor is where the individuals have misplaced aggressions that influence their terrorist acts. Those who…

Resources

Fathali, M.(2009).The staircase to terrorism. A psychological exploration.

Strategic, Tactical and Administrative Crime Analysis

Crime analysis is one of the most important processes in the fight against crime and efforts towards enhancing the effectiveness of the criminal justice system in dealing with crime. In the past few years, crime analysis has continued to expand in law enforcement agencies across the globe. This expansion has contributed to the development and use of different methods of crime analysis including strategic, tactical, and administrative strategic analysis. These techniques of crime analysis are utilized when examining different crime incidents and resolve them. This paper provides a review of different crime incidents using different techniques of crime analysis and an analysis of the various factors of crime in these incidents.

Review of the Crime Incidents

When reviewing these incident summaries, the type of analysis being conducted is tactical crime analysis whose main focus is to promote the short-term development of patrol, investigative priorities,…

Abstract

In the wake of numerous public complaints as well as allegations within the last two years that point towards excessive use of force by police officers in the apprehension of suspects within the city, there is need to develop a brief that explores the various measures that could be adopted in seeking to enhance our officers’ relations with the community while at the same time attempting to minimize instances of unnecessary aggression and use of force. In essence, in seeking to effect arrests, officers should utilize force that is not only commensurate with the risk posed, but also objectively reasonable. The relevance of formulating blueprints and implementing strategies meant to address the use of force as well as promote or advance the de-escalation of scenarios that turn violent cannot be overstated. In seeking to comprehensively address the issue raised by members of the public regarding the use of force…

(Harris, 2002, p. 8)

Terrorist acts are both crimes and forms of warfare, and in both respects are unlike what we are used to." 2 Understanding the larger possibilities, such as warfare, law enforcement will be able to make informed decisions on matters concerning data collection. When gathering information it is important to document and standardize every step of the process. This will alleviate any complications when categorizing behaviors or activities and will ensure that all participants in the process are on the same playing field. (onczkowski, 2004, p. 72)

Following the 9/11 attacks on the U.S. which is an example of foreign terrorism, though domestic terrorism has been present in the U.S. For decades, many individuals accepted new standards of security that might infringe upon their rights as citizens to freely travel, assemble and speak, yet more recent protests have been leveled against law enforcement and security measures as…

References

Califano, J.A. (1998, October). A New Prescription: Investing in Substance-Abuse Treatment Would Take a Big Bite out of Crime. Washington Monthly, 30, 9.

Evans, D.J., Fyfe, N.R., & Herbert, D.T. (Eds.). (1992). Crime, Policing, and Place: Essays in Environmental Criminology. New York: Routledge.

Glenn, R.W., Panitch, B.R., Barnes-Proby, D., Williams, E., Christian, J., Lewis, M.W., et al. (2003). Training the 21st Century Police Officer: Redefining Police Professionalism for the Los Angeles Police Department / . Santa Monica, CA: Rand.

Groth, a.N. (1979). Men Who Rape: The Psychology of the Offender. New York: Plenum Press.

("Home Confinement / Electronic Monitoring," n. d.)

House arrest or home confinement started as a program to handle particularly as a sentencing substitute meant for drunk drivers, but rapidly spread over to a number of other offender populations in a lot of jurisdictions. Depending on the nature of crime committed by the offenders, home confinement has been designed with various degrees of stages of restrictions. These can vary from ordinary curfews to complete confinement. For instance, the home confinement program of the Federal courts extends three separate levels of restrictions under the U.S. Probation and Pretrial Services, 2000. Under the first level ie., curfew, it requires the program participants to stay at home daily during certain time periods. Under the second level house arrest it requires on the part of the participants to stay at home round the clock save for attending to work, school, treatment etc. which must be…

References

Black, Matt; Smith, Russell G. (n. d.) "Electronic Monitoring in the Criminal Justice System"

No. 254. Retrieved 28 March, 2008 at  http://www.aic.gov.au/publications/tandi2/tandi254.pdf 

Caputo, Gail. (2004) "Intermediate Sanctions in corrections"

Clear, Todd R; Cole, George F. (2005) "American Corrections"

Accordingly, the presence of baseline fallacies and perceived individual contributions are inherent to electronic brainstorming technologies that impair its productivity.

Conclusion

Electronic brainstorming may eliminate some perceived barriers encountered with verbal or traditional brainstorming. In spite of perceived barriers with either electronic or traditional brainstorming, it is a popular method of group interaction in both educational and business settings. Although, expert arguments continue about its productivity, brainstorming is still a widely used method for developing creative solutions in a group setting. As variations and improvements evolve, brainstorming research will ensue to study its productivity effectiveness. Within the educational arena, its use will improve student engagement and educator's contribution to enhance and to further academia causes. Insomuch, viable solutions are spawned from uninhibited input, thus resulting in a higher probability of quality problem solving.

eferences

Easton, AG 1992, 'Teaching in the electronic boardroom', Journal Of Education For Business, 67, 3, p.…

References

Easton, AG 1992, 'Teaching in the electronic boardroom', Journal Of Education For Business, 67, 3, p. 137, Professional Development Collection, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2011.

Cooper, W, Gallupe, R, & Bastianutti, L 1990, 'Electronic vs. Non-electronic brainstorming', Academy Of Management Best Papers Proceedings, pp. 237-241, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2011.

Coskun, H. 2011, 'The Effects of Group Size, Memory Instruction, and Session Length on the Creative Performance in Electronic Brainstorming Groups', Educational Sciences: Theory And Practice, 11, 1, pp. 91-95, ERIC, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2011.

Gallupe, R, Dennis, A, Cooper, W, Valacich, J, Bastianutti, L, & Nunamaker, J 1992, 'Electronic brainstorming and group size', Academy Of Management Journal, 35, 2, pp. 350-369, Business Source Complete, EBSCOhost, viewed 13 December 2011.

Foreign Policy of China (Beijing consensus)

Structure of Chinese Foreign Policy

The "Chinese Model" of Investment

The "Beijing Consensus" as a Competing Framework

Operational Views

The U.S.-China (Beijing consensus) Trade Agreement and Beijing Consensus

Trading with the Enemy Act

Export Control Act.

Mutual Defense Assistance Control Act

Category B

Category C

The 1974 Trade Act.

The Operational Consequences of Chinese Foreign Policy

The World Views and China (Beijing consensus)

Expatriates

The Managerial Practices

Self Sufficiency of China (Beijing consensus)

China and western world: A comparison

The China (Beijing consensus)'s Policy of Trading Specialized Goods

Chapter 5

The versions of China (Beijing consensus)'s trade development

The China (Beijing consensus) Theory of Power Transition

eferences

Foreign Policy of China (Beijing consensus)

Chapter 1

Abbreviations

ACD arms control and disarmament

ACDA Arms Control and Disarmament Agency

ADB Asian Development Bank

ADF Asian Development Fund

APEC Asia-Pacific Economic Cooperation

AF ASEAN [Association of Southeast…

References

Barnett, A.D. (1977). China (Beijing consensus) and the Major Powers in East Asia. Washington, DC: The Brookings Institution. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=34158088 

Boorman, H.L., Eckstein, A., Mosely, P.E., & Schwartz, B. (1957). Moscow-Peking Axis: Strengths and Strains (1st ed.). New York: Harper & Brothers Publishers. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=53424557 

Sardesai, D.R. (1974). Chapter 6 India: A Balancer Power?. In Southeast Asia under the New Balance of Power, Chawla, S., Gurtov, M., & Marsot, A. (Eds.) (pp. 94-104). New York: Praeger. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14691923 

Chawla, S., Gurtov, M., & Marsot, A. (Eds.). (1974). Southeast Asia under the New Balance of Power. New York: Praeger. Retrieved September 10, 2011, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=14691822

Creating Organizational Value through the Integration of Information Technology: A Management Perspective

Change Management and the Construction of a eceptive Organization

Transformational and Participative Leadership

A Decentralized Organizational Culture

Effective Utilization of esources

Simulations

Performance Monitoring Systems

isk Management and Support Strategies

When considering the ever-changing and highly competitive global landscape of business today, firms must stay at the cutting edge of their respective fields in order to sustain profitability in the long-term. With the current exponential growth of technology and the computerization of business and learning, consumers and investors have become much more connected to the businesses they patronize (Kurzweil, 2001). Accordingly, companies are faced with the continuous task of finding new ways to understand and subsequently accommodate the needs of those customers and shareholders, while simultaneously securing lucrative business models and job environments. In doing so, businesses must be able to efficiently integrate and utilize various sources of…

References

Aladwani, A.M. (2001). Change Management Strategies for Successful ERP Implementation. Business Process Management Journal, 7 (3), 266-275.

Anthony, S. (2010, May). Three Critical Innovation Lessons from Apple. Retrieved July 26, 2011, from  http://hbr.org/anthony/2010/05/three_critical_innovation_less.html 

Antonelli, C. (2000). Collective Knowledge Communication and Innovation: The Evidence of Technological Districts. Regional Studies, 34 (6), 535-547.

Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., & Bossidy, L. (2002). The Boundaryless Organization: Breaking the Chains of Organization Structure. United States: John Wiley and Sons.

None of the findings are not surprising to a lot of experts. Apart from large systems that are integrated, like Kaiser Permanente in California and the Veteran's Administration, a lot of doctor practices are adopting different EMs. Also in so many different situations they do not talk to one another (Sittig & Singh 2012). So, a doctor's record is not necessarily able to get access notes from his regional hospital if different systems were utilized. A lot of doctors in that condition could just re-order a test, instead of going through all of the changes of finding the records from the hospital.

Actually many experts make the point that the true power of digital records come when using a sole, unified system that can be retrieved by altered health sites. With the exclusion of large combined health arrangements, there sometimes can be fragmented EMs. Experts mention that perhaps with the…

Reference:

Cook, P.J., Lawrence, B.A., Ludwig, J., & Miller, T.R. (1999). The medical costs of gunshot injuries in the United States. JAMA, 282(5), 447-54.

Eckman, B.A., Bennett, C.A., Kaufman, J.H., & Tenner, J.W. (2007). Varieties of interoperability in the transformation of the health-care information infrastructure. IBM Systems Journal, 46(1), 19-41.

Heselmans, a., Aertgeerts, B., Donceel, P., Geens, S., Van, d. V., & Ramaekers, D. (2012). Family physicians' perceptions and use of electronic clinical decision support during the first year of implementation. Journal of Medical Systems, 36(6), 3677-3684.

Simons, W.V., Mandl, K.D., & Kohane, I.S. (2005). The PING personally controlled electronic medical record system: Technical architecture. Journal of the American Medical Informatics Association, 12(1), 47-54.

1990s Financial Struggles: DSL Case Study

It is vital to initiate a management-based approach compared to a resource-based one since a coherent inspired team will harness resources appropriately. From this approach, the 21st century organizations tend to benefit periodically from communication because most of them have a complex hierarchy. This is often ineffective when communication is not applied decisively. This report is based on 1995 Domestic Services Ltd. (DSL) corporate situation. The report will attempt to prove that DSL 1991 crash was not a resource-driven, but a deficiency in the nature of management affecting the entire organizational culture. The report will assess the organizational architecture structurally contributing to the current difficulties and improving them. Secondly, the report will examine the impetus behind Beyond Budgeting approach as compared to the normal financial controlling approach.

How DSL's organizational architecture is contributing to its current difficulties

After going through DSL's current organizational culture,…

References

Abrahamsson, P., & Oza, N. (2010). Lean enterprise software and systems: First international conference, LESS 2010, Helsinki, Finland, October 17-20, 2010: proceedings. Berlin: Springer.

Andy, N., Bourne, M., & Adams, C., (2003). Better budgeting or beyond budgeting? Measuring Business Excellence, 7 (3), 22-28.

An Australian Perspective 6e. McGraw Hill, Chapter 9. (Chapter 5 in the AYB321 compositetext

Brickley, C. Smith and J. Zimmerman (2007). Managerial Economics and Organizational Architecture, fifth edition, Irwin, McGraw-Hill, Chapter 11. (Chapter 4 in the AYB321 composite text.

Popularity of Social Media Marketing Among Businesses

Viral Marketing (social media)

Social Media Marketing

Social media are a shift in the way people read, share and discover information and related contents. This is taking place through the internet in the form of social networks (example Myspace, Facebook), blogs, music and video portals (example YouTube), micro blogging (example Pluk, Twitter) and news aggregators. The possibility brought through Web 2.0 is an evolutionary convergence allowing two way communication platform that harnesses collective intelligence. Social media marketing caries potential similar to a double-edged-sword (Trusov, Bucklin, & Pauwels, 2009).

easons for Exceedingly Popularity of Social Media Marketing Among Businesses

Outwardly, communication activities by businesses of all sizes have changed owing to growth of social media globally (Martin, 2009). Unlike the traditional channels of communication, social media provides a platform for existing and potential consumers to share opinions virtually. This transfers power to build or…

References

Dailey, P.R. (2009). Social Media: Finding Its Way into Your Business Strategy and Culture. Burlington, MA;: Linkage.

Donna, L., Hoffman, & Fodor. M. (2010). "Can You Measure the ROI of Your Social Media Marketing?",. MIT Sloan Management Review, 52(1), 41-49.

Joel, M. (2009). Six Pixels of separation. New York: Grand Central Publishing

Martin, T. (2009). Social Media is Meant for conversion, not "Marketing" Advertising Age, 80(6), 11-12.

Internet is a significantly essential research place for sociologists examining hypothesis of technology transmission, as well as, media effects. The reason for this critical importance is because it is a channel exclusively competent of putting together ways of communication and structures of substance. This paper tends to highlight and analyze various researches conducted on the Internet's implications in the realm of societal psychology, as well as, community capital.

The word, "Internet," actually refers to the electronic network of networks that connects people, as well as, information through computers and other digital devices permitting person-to-person communication, as well as, information recovery. Even though the late 1960s witnessed the commencement of an inherited network devoted to scientific (as well as, subsequent to 1975, military) communication, the Internet did not materialize until 1982; it started its quick gradient only in the early 1990s, when graphical boundaries turned out to be extensively obtainable and…

Bibliography

Abbate J. 1999. Inventing the Internet. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press

Agre P. 1998b. Presentation in Proceeding of a Congressional Breakfast Seminar on Information Technology and Community Change, pp. 14-19. Washington, DC: Consortium of Soc. Sci. Assoc.

Bogart L. 1956. The Age of Television: A Study of Viewing Habits and the Impact of Television on American Life. New York: Ungar

Castells M. 2001. Internet Galaxy: Reflections on the Internet, Business and Society. New York: Oxford Univ. Press.

Law Enforcement

Benefits of GIS Applications for Law Enforcement

esources

Police methods have changed dramatically around the world in recent years due to the advent of geo-positioning and improved computer-aided mapping techniques. As has happened throughout the history of policing, law enforcement officials have always tried to use new scientific research to their benefit. Since the object is the safety and comfort of local citizens, a major aspect of the mission for police departments is to always use the most up-to-date methods for the detection and apprehension of criminals. With the advent of computer-aided geographic information systems (GIS), police now have the ability to approach crime in an entirely new way.

According to ich and Shively (2004) "geographical profiling was "born" in 1980 when a UK police investigator analyzed the locations of crime scenes of the Yorkshire ipper and computed the "center of gravity" of the crime scenes…." This beginning…

References

Alexander, M., Groff, E., & Hibdon, L. (1997). An Automated System for the Identification and Prioritization of Rape Suspects Proceedings of the Environmental Systems Research Institute International User Conference. Retrieved from  http://proceedings.esri.com/library/userconf/proc97/proc97/to350/pap333/p333.htm 

Canter, P. (1990). Using a Geographic Information System for Tactical Crime Analysis. Retrieved from  http://faculty.uml.edu/apattavina/44.594/Tactical%20Crime%20Analysis.pdf 

Craglia, M., Haining, R., & Wiles, P. (2000). A comparative evaluation of approaches to urban crime pattern analysis. Urban Studies, 37(4), 711-729.

ESRI. (2008). GIS Solutions for Intelligence-Led Policing. Crime Analysis. Retrieved from  http://www.esri.com/library/brochures/pdfs/crime-analysis.pdf

Husserl, Language & Consciousness: econciliation of Edmund Husserl's Fourth Logical Investigation and Fifth logical investigation

Husserl's theory of consciousness in the fifth Logical Investigation is reported to be "one of the most profound and one of the most difficult theories of consciousness to have as yet been developed." (Smith, 1977) The account of consciousness given by Husserl is descriptive "in terms of a sensation, an intentional act that interprets the sensation, and an intentional object that is referred to by means of the interpretation of the sensation." (Smith, 1977)

The primary efforts of Husserl are committed to an analysis of the relation between what he refers to as 'matter' and 'quality' of the intentional act, and how these two components can be used to understand Brentano's famous proposal that "every act is either a presentation or is founded upon presentation." (Smith, 1977) It is stated that no matter the "brilliance…

References

Whitehead, A.N. (nd) Modes of Thought, Lecture 9, N.Y. The Macmillan Company cited in: Koenstenbaum, Peter (1993) The Paris Lectures. Retrieved from:  http://web.me.com/grattonpeter/PHL_274/Continental_Philosophy_files/husserl_parislectures.pdf 

Smith, Quentin (1977) On Husserl's Theory of Consciousness in the Fifth Logical Investigation. Philosophy and Phenomenological Research. Vol. 37, No. 4 (Jun., 1977), pp. 482-497. International Phenomenological Society. Retrieved from:

 http://www.jstor.org/pss/2106429 

Moran, Dermot and Husserl, Dermot (2001) Logical Investigations, Volume 1. Psychology Press 2001. Retrieved from:  http://books.google.com/books?id=9KNIlIO_9JYC&pg=PR65&lpg=PR65&dq=Edmund+Husserl+Fourth+Logical+Investigation+and+Fifth+logical+investigation&source=bl&ots=ykRkk2C8fG&sig=-bzr6k3Awcjz8EGYydSX7p1zYbI&hl=en&ei=UmzHTdqpKOHc0QHVrYCRCA&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=3&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAg#v=onepage&q&f=false

It took them a while to get used to it but eventually, they were able to communicate with softer words and softer tone.

According to systems theory (Titelman, 1998), it was my duty to work on both Dave and his family so that their communication problem is uprooted from its origins. When his parents began to realize the impact of their meaningless arguments on Dave, they set quite a few rules for themselves. These rules included no harsh words or arguments in front of Dave and increased participation in his social & academic life. They realized the importance of their emotional support and gravity of the condition of Dave.

It was important to make Dave feel that he was needed and appreciated for being wonderful just the way he was. His parents also felt the need for a stable atmosphere at home where Dave could share his thoughts, fears and…

References

Bailey K.D. (1994) Sociology and the new systems theory: toward a theoretical synthesis. USA. Sunny Press.

Beck A.T. (1979) Cognitive Therapy Of Depression. NEWYORK .USA. Guilford press

Clark. D.A., Beck A.T. & Alford B.A. (1999). Scientific foundations of cognitive theory and therapy of depression. USA. John Wiley and Sons.

Einstein D. (2007) Innovations and Advances in Cognitive Behaviour Therapy. Australia. Australian Academic Press

Crime Intelligence Analysis:

To Apprehend And Prevent Violent Crimes And Criminals

Corrections/Police -- Intelligence

Criminal Intelligence Analysis is used to handle all kinds of violent crimes happening in the world. Organized violent crimes include corruption (bribery), extortion, alcohol and tobacco smuggling, counterfeiting, arms trafficking, drug trafficking, fraud, loan sharking, gambling (bookmaking and numbers), smuggling of humans, prostitution and pornography, murder and terrorism. This white paper discusses how crime intelligence analysis can be used effectively to apprehend violent criminals and to prevent violent crimes.

Crime Intelligence Analysis is defined by Dr. achel Boba in Problem Analysis in Policing, 2003, "conducted within the police agency [and] in which formal criminal justice theory, research methods, and comprehensive data collection and analysis procedures are used in a systematic way to conduct in-depth examination of, develop informed responses to, and evaluate crime and disorder problems" 1.

The organized criminal offenders belong to a low income…

References

Boba, R. Problem Analysis in Policing. Washington, DC: Police Foundation, 2003.

Goldstein, H. Problem-Oriented Policing. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1990.

National Alliance of Gang Investigators Associations (NAGIA). National Gang Threat Assessment. Scribd.  http://www.scribd.com/doc/82294288/National-Gang-Threat-Assessment-2005  (accessed June 3, 2012).

Osborne, D. Out of Bounds: Innovation and Change in Law Enforcement Intelligence Analysis. Washington DC: JMIC Press, 2006.

Terrorism has been a hot topic in the news for over a decade. It has impact people on an international level with countries like France, England, and the United States experiencing attacks. Currently Isis, a terrorist organization, has generated chaos in the Middle East. Government have been destabilized and peace and security jeopardized. Atrocious acts of violence have occurred from child beheadings to rapes and torture. Terrorism threatens the social and economic development of any place it affects.

Furthermore, terrorism directly affects human rights. People lose freedoms and face subjugation from regimes of terrorist organizations. All of which have negatively diminish ones enjoyment of life as well as their human rights. International, national, and regional political leaders make promises and claims that counterterrorism measures will not encroach on human rights. Former President George Bush for example, preached on preserving human rights amidst counter terrorism efforts. However, living up to these…

References

Ahmed, S. (2015). The 'emotionalization of the "war on terror": Counter-terrorism, fear, risk, insecurity and helplessness. Criminology And Criminal Justice,15(5), 545-560.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1748895815572161 

Enders, W., Sandler, T., & Gaibulloev, K. (2011). Domestic versus transnational terrorism: Data, decomposition, and dynamics. Journal of Peace Research, 48(3), 319-337. doi:10.1177/0022343311398926

Feinberg, M. (2015). International counterterrorism -- national security and human rights: conflicts of norms or checks and balances?. The International Journal Of Human Rights, 19(4), 388. Retrieved from  http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13642987.2015.1027053 

Fenwick, H. (2015). Counter-terror strategies, human rights and the roles of technology. International Review Of Law, Computers & Technology, 25(3), 107. Retrieved from  http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/13600869.2011.617430?journalCode=cirl20

Violence is not just programmed and imitated, it is also chosen and controlled by the participant in a complex continuum of stimulus, response and participant interaction via other factors (Hoffman, 2007, 9).

Abstract

In an article by Stefan G. Hofmann entitled Cognitive Factors that Maintain Social Anxiety Disorder, it discusses the effects of social cognitive theory on social anxiety disorder (SAD). ecent studies have identified multiple psychological factors that could explain the maintenance of the disorder. The model that is constructed in the article makes the assumption that social apprehension is to be associated with unrealistic social standards. This also includes a deficiency in the selection of attainable social goals. When a person is confronted with challenging social situations, people with SAD shift their attention toward the anxiety. They view themselves negatively as a social object. In addition, they overestimate the negative consequences of a social encounter, believing that they…

References

Hofmann, Stefan G. (2007). Cognitive factors that maintain social anxiety disorder: a comprehensive model and its treatment implications. Cognitive Behavioral Therapy, 36(4), 193-209.

Fountain, Jeffrey, Finley, Laura L., & Finley, Peter S. (2009). "Beyond the box office: an analysis of violent and deviant behavior in popular sport films." Smart Journal, 5(1), 1-66.

Strassburger, Victor C. (2006). "risky business: what primary care practitioners need to know about the influence of the media on adolescents." Primary Care-Clinics in Office

Practice, 1-32.

Sociology: Anti-Immigration Policies

-California Proposition 227 and Proposition 187-

The purpose of this paper is to research Anti-immigration policies in the United States and to further discuss California's Propositions 227 and 187 and in the critique of the literature to compare and contrast these policies while at the same time to interject originally and critical thinking from the perspective of underlying assumptions, potential weaknesses in the argument of methodological approach and further to analyze their potential value in really grasping an understanding in the immigration issue as to "second generation."

Early roots in anti-immigration sentiment were expressed in the two-dollar a head tax of immigrants in 1903 and in 1997 moving upward to four-dollars a head. "Anti-immigrant sentiment is a result of ignorance of the value of immigrants throughout the history of the United States," pointed our Michael Lin, National President of the Organization of Chinese-Americans (OCA)

During the year…

Bibliography:

Griswold, Daniel T. (2002) Trade Policy Analysis no. 19, 2002 Oct 15 Key Points: "Willing Workers: Fixing the Problem of Illegal Mexican Migration to the United States"  http://www.freetrade.org/pubs/pas/tpa-019es.html 

Moore, Kenneth

Reyhner, Jon (1993) American Indian Language Policy and School Success

The Journal of Educational Issues of Language Minority Students, Volume 12, Special Issue III, Summer 1993, pp. 35-59.

As a matter of fact, by the end of 1980s, Soviet Union ran on these very principles.

Kennan criticized the possibilities that Soviets may be involved in invading the pro-Soviet countries with their mind sets and weaken them even if they do not form a higher level of apprehension for them.

Pro-ussian countries will be weakened through a designed framework to tackle the mindsets of the people following western ideologies.

Fights will be sparked in the countries where both countries have western ideologies

Soviet policies will be a negative framework destructive in nature, clearing their path with whatever that comes onto them that they don't like (ussell, 2000).

Kennan was afraid that communism will overshadow the governments of the West but that never happened. At least not to the extent that it was feared by Kennan. Britain and mostly America was afraid of the way communist were taking over and…

References

Anderson, David L., Trapped by Success, New York: Columbia University Press, (1991), p. xi.

Bennett, Edward M., Franklin D. Roosevelt and the. Search for Security: American-Soviet Relations, 1933 -- 1939, Wilmington, Delaware: Scholarly Resources, (1985), p. 24.

Brinkley, D., Dean Acheson: The Cold War Years, 1953 -- 71, New Haven: Yale University Press, (1994), p. 76.

Eisele, A., George Kennan Speaks Out About Iraq, History News Network, (2002), Accessed 24-11-11 from  http://hnn.us/articles/997.html

Port Security
The CBP (Customs and Border Protection) is a unit in the homeland security department and is the agency responsible for regulating, monitoring and facilitating flow of products at the points of entry. CBP policy formulation is done is such a way as to ensure that there is smooth movement of cargo through the border line. CBP enforces the customs and trade rules which are put in place with a view of protecting businesses and customers in the U.S. and collect revenue. CBP also enforces security laws for imports formulated with an objective of preventing illegal drugs, mass destruction weapons and contraband commodities from accessing the U.S.A. The U.S. congress is charged with the duty of defining and authorising the functions of international trade within CBP, allocation of funds for conducting program CBP oversight. The current laws authorising facilitation of trade and enforcing CBP functions are centred on a…

Social Media and Technology

The entire sphere of human interaction has undergone large-scale transformation as a result of the rapidly changing technological environment and the emergence of the internet. Back in the day, social interactions were primarily based on hand-written letters and occasional telephone conversations. Thanks to technological progression, however, numerous online communication platforms have been developed, and what we have now is an internet revolution and a totally new and dynamic realm of human interaction and long-distance communication. Currently, 73% of America's adult population, and 93% of the teen population uses social media platforms to communicate with family members and friends. Today, Facebook is home to more than 700 million users who can conveniently communicate with each other at the touch of a button without having to grapple with the time and space limitations that back in the day forced people to choose their partners and friends from their…

References

Anderson, T.L. & Emmers-Sommer, T.M. (2006). Predictors of Relationship Satisfaction in Online Romantic Relationships. Communication Studies, 57(2), 153-172.

Andon, S.P. (2006). Evaluating Computer-Mediated Communication on the University Campus: The Impact of Facebook.com on the Development of Romantic Relationships. The Florida State University Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations. Paper 208. Retrieved 3 October 2014 from http://diginole.lib.fsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3729&context=etd

Baack, D., Fogliasso, C. & Harris, J. (2000). The Personal Impact of Ethical Decisions: A Social Penetration Theory. Journal of Business Ethics, 24(1), 39-49.

Babbie, E. (2010). The Practice of Social Research (12th ed.). Belmont, CA: Cengage Learning.

al., 2010).

Nursing and the E

The Emergency oom is often one of the most visible parts of healthcare for political debate. It is also one of the most difficult environments for a modern nurse. It is interesting that one of the founders of modern nursing had emergency experience prior to developing her overall theories. Nightingale also looked at negatives and positives that are the conditions, which could help make people recover and reach their actual potential, as also noted by Maslow hierarchy of needs. She did not look or speak directly of the disease per se, but rather, looked at air, clean water, environment, and sanitation. She published her book in1860 with the title a "Notes on Nursing: What it Is and What it Is Not," connecting human beings and quality of human life, and comparing the stagnant sewage she saw in Scutari, as well as in London. She…

References

Americans at Risk. (March 2009). Families USA. Retrieved from:

 http://www.familiesusa.org/assets/pdfs/americans-at-risk.pdf 

Patient Perceptions in the Emergency Department: Physicians, Physician Assistants,

Nurse Practitioners. (30 August 2010). Retrieved from:  http://idiopathicmedicine.wordpress.com/2010/08/30/patient-perceptions-in-the-emergency-department-physicians-physician-assistants-nurse-practitioners/