Human Effects on Coral Reefs
Coral reefs are one of the oldest ecosystems in the world, existing for more than 450 million years.

A coral reef is a type of biotic reef that develops in tropical waters. Coral reefs are found in all oceans of the world, generally between the Tropic of Cancer and the Tropic of Capricorn because the reef-building corals are living in this waters. A water temperature of 20 to 28°C is needed for growth of the coral reef. Massive reef structures are built over thousands of years by tiny coral polyps aided by minute algae called zooxanthellae that live in their tissues, calcifying algae, and other organisms that secrete calcium carbonate and adhesives. The process of reef formation is heavily dependent upon photosynthesis by reef-building organisms. Once formed, the complex, rock-like reef framework provides food and shelter for the multitudes of organisms that inhabit the reef.

Structural Characteristics

Coral reefs…...

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"U.S. Coral Reef Task Force." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available:   (Accessed 25, Jan. 2005).http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral/taskforce.html 

"EPA Activities in Coral Conservation." U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. Available:   (Accessed 25, Jan. 2005).http://www.epa.gov/owow/oceans/coral/programs.html#symposium 

"Things You Can Do to Help Save Coral Reefs." National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration. Available: (Accessed 25 Jan. 2005).http://www.yoto98.noaa.gov/books/reefs/reef1-5.htm

It should not be a difficult question to answer: we must begin reducing ocean pollution and taking steps to prohibit overfishing of our ocean shallows.
The plan that is formulated to address the overfishing and man-made pollutants in the coral reefs must be conducted by authorities in marine and ecological sciences. It must be conducted on two levels: the fishing industry associated with the catches on the coral reefs; and the pollutants that are introduced into the coral reefs through contact with man. This can be done by monitoring commercial tourism and diving industries, which claim there is no residual effect on the coral reefs (Carrier, James, and McLeod, Donald, 2005, p. 315).

The Plan for Preserving the Coral eefs

Action Items in the correct order)

Action Steps

Timeline

esearch and identify the effects of overfishing of species found in coral reefs.

eview fishing data as it pertains to catches, compared against load weights and specie…...

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References

BBC/Discovery Channel (2006). Planet Earth: Shallow Seas, documentary film,

Discovery Channel, 12 October 2008.  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5009915994 

Carrier, J.G., & Macleod, D.V. (2005). Bursting the Bubble: The Socio-Cultural Context of Ecotourism. Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, 11(2), 315+. Retrieved October 26, 2008, from Questia database:

(?Recognized as the official photographer for a promotional website, www.oldsanjuanpr.com.

CERTICATION & TRAININGS

Certified Professional Final Cut Pro-End-User Level 1, the Edit Center, New York, NY

Pursuing Certification Motion and DVD Studio Pro 4 HD End-User, the Edit Center, New York, NY

Screenwriting 101: Introduction to Screenplay Writing, Mark Troy, Writers.Net

Screenwriting 102: Advanced Screenplay Writing, Mark Troy, Writers.Net

WORK EXPERIENCE

2006

SILVER HILL HOSPITAL

New Canaan, CT

to present

Residential Counselor/Psychiatric Technician

2009-present

Responsible for ensuring efficient, quality functioning for adolescent unit in 28-day Transitional Living Program. Assign, assist and supervise residents in weekly duties. Supervise and participate in-house staff meetings. Manage and operate equipment safely and correctly. Cover house operations in the absence of the Senior Residential counselor. Carry out admission and discharge process for residents, while ensuring transitional living experience fosters growth and independence in residents.

( Promoted to Residential Counselor after 5 months of employment as a Psychiatric Technician on the Adolescent in-Patient Unit.

Lina P. Collado

Page 2

Gym Attendant

2006-2009

Supervised and oversaw…...

Platforms
Goods Ideas: Platforms and Conclusion

The Internet is similar to a coral reef in that both are platforms that provide enormous opportunities for the emergence, growth, and development of other ideas or life-forms. Coral reefs are very dense and diversely populated ecosystems that are entirely dependent on the platform of the coral skeletons that make up the physical structure of the reef, just as the internet has become richly and very diversely populated with different ideas, applications, and capabilities all of which are dependent on the communication capabilities and certain fundamental Internet protocols that allow this information to be created and shared. Both the Internet and coral reefs are also, interestingly, built on other platforms -- computer networks and volcanic islands, respectively -- demonstrating the "stacked" nature of many platforms and platform systems that exist in both the natural and man-made worlds.

2)

McAslan's architectural projects build on their natural environments, demonstrating one…...

S. Department of State). Since them the severity and frequency of bleaching events continues to increase. These bleaching events correlate with rising average sea temperatures on a global basis, rising sea levels, and more frequent tropical storms fueled by increasingly stronger heat masses (U.S. Department of State).
In addition to coral reef bleaching, the geographic ranges of many plants and animals are shifting. Plant and animal ranges are generally limited by climatic factors, with animals able to respond to climate changes faster than plants due to increased mobility (EPA, Ecosystems and Biodiversity). ecently, changes have been noticed in the ranges of several species. Those that cannot adapt to the new climate will quickly become extinct. Currently, nearly 20-30% of all plant and animal species are in danger of becoming extinct in the near future, with many of these extinctions related to climate change (EPA, Ecosystems and Biodiversity). However, climate change is…...

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References

Begley, S. The Truth About Denial. Newsweek. August 13, 2007.

< > Accessed June 1, 2009.http://www.newsweek.com/id/32482

Canadell, J., Le Quere, C., and Raupach, M., et al. Contributions to accelerating atmospheric

CO2 growth from economic activity, carbon intensity, and efficiency of natural sink.

Dredging the Port of Miami
Dredging refers to the activity needed to be conducted for removal of unwanted deposits present in water pathways. However, even though this activity facilitates marine traffic regularity, it isn't without its drawbacks[footnoteef:2]. Dredging poses a great threat to the aquatic environment, and should be carried out very carefully, facilitated only using the assistance of the appropriate dredges and dredgers. As a port for international cargo, the Port of Miami is a significant section of the Miami economy. A project, to expand the port area by means of dredging, has been planned for. This is intended to provide ingress and egress for the new larger PanaMax ships that will be coming through the improved Panama Canal, and thus is expected to draw more business in cargo shipping to the locality[footnoteef:3]. The proposed expansion zone is, however, also the site of a key ecosystem. Thus, arguments and environmental…...

Dubai should be thinking about sustainability, since the seaport expansion and modernization has been damaging to the environment over the past decade. AS more and more ships begin to use the Dubai port, and as commerce and economic activity return after the global economic recession, the environmental challenges surrounding the port will likely increase as well.
eferences

Bagaeen, Samer. (2007). "Brand Dubai: The Instant City; or the Instantly ecognizable

City." International Planning Studies. Vol. 12, No. 2. Pp. 173-197.

Balakrishnan, Melodena Stephens. (2008). "Dubai -- a star in the east: A case study in strategic destination branding." Journal of Place Management and Development. Vol. 1, No. 1. Pp. 62-91.

Betriebswirt; Dipl. And Noack, Sascha MBA. (2007). Doing Business in Dubai and the UAE. GIN Verlag: Berlin.

Burt, J; Bartholomew, A.; Usseglio, P; Bauman, A. And P.F. Sale. (2009). "Are artificial reefs surrogates of natural habitats for corals and fish in Dubai, United Arab Emirates?." Coral…...

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References

Bagaeen, Samer. (2007). "Brand Dubai: The Instant City; or the Instantly Recognizable

City." International Planning Studies. Vol. 12, No. 2. Pp. 173-197.

Balakrishnan, Melodena Stephens. (2008). "Dubai -- a star in the east: A case study in strategic destination branding." Journal of Place Management and Development. Vol. 1, No. 1. Pp. 62-91.

Betriebswirt; Dipl. And Noack, Sascha MBA. (2007). Doing Business in Dubai and the UAE. GRIN Verlag: Berlin.

Environmental Crimes and Health and Safety Law Violation
With the current changes in weather patterns, strange climatic conditions and other uncontrollable natural disasters, there has been a lot of attention directed towards the environment and the way people may be contributing to the degradation of the environment in small ways that is summed up results into the disasters that we see on daily basis. The environment is becoming unpleasant on an increasing trend each and every day, this is a cause to worry about for each government that cares to see the consequences of our careless handling of the environment.

There are also man's contribution to the insecurity that surrounds us on a daily basis since people no longer care for the safety of the workers that work in their industries and sadly to some extent, some don care even about themselves and the safety that may be protecting their very being.…...

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References

Environmental Affairs and Tourism, Republic of South Africa, (2012). Stepping up

Enforcement Against Environmental Crimes. Retrieved April 4, 2012 from  http://www.environment.gov.za/Services/booklets/Environmental/EnviroCrimesEMI.pdf 

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) (1998). Final Guidance for Incorporating

Environmental Justice Concerns in EPA's NEPA Compliance Analyses Retrieved April 4, 2012 from  http://www.epa.gov/compliance/ej/resources/policy/ej_guidance_nepa_epa0498.pdf .

Hamilton Island produces a wide array of entertainment that comes in many shapes and forms. The latest addition to the activity list is a nine-pin bowling alley that aims to provide endless family fun. And to top it off, other attractions the island will boast this year will include the Australian Ballet and the Great Barrier Feast event. (2009, p. 37)
Moreover, beyond the innovative use of social media networks to promote their campaign, Tourism Queensland also ensured the international mainstream media would be included in their media mix. For instance, Nolan empirically reports that during his visit to the island preparatory to the announcement of the finalist, international interest in the competition was at a frenzied level: "When I left Hamilton Island the following afternoon, it already was gearing itself up for next Wednesday's announcement. U.S. TV crews, the Aussie networks, the BBC et al. are flying in to…...

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References

Grier, G. (2011) 'Hamilton Island Earns Top Award.' The Daily Mercury, p. 37.

'Hamilton Island Destination Information.' (2011) Qantas. [online] available: http://www.

qantas.com.au/travel/airlines/destination-guide-hamilton-island/global/en.

King, B.E. (1997) Creating Island Resorts. London: Routledge.

The morning meal will be included in this fare, with $100 being spent on the necessary six other meals of the three day stay. $175, 3,542.89 MXN, is allocated to transportation, sightseeing fares, souvenirs (compulsory sombrero) and the exploration of the night life; $100 is saved (all the money saved in one location is used to pay the counter value of the larger expenses, such as a cruise to Africa).
(*) Three days in Brazil -- a budget of $525 (925.755 Brazil reais, at an exchange rate of 1 USD = 1.76 BL); $300, or 529.01 BL will be spent on boarding within a three start hotel; $50 will be saved and $125 will be spent on bus transportation, sightseeing fares and food.

(*) Estimated cost of the trip from Brazil to Nigeria - $400

(*) Three days in Nigeria -- $180 per hotel room (26,865 Nigerian naira, at an exchange rate…...

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References:

Antarctica, Enjoy Chile, last accessed on December 10, 2009http://www.enjoy-chile.org/antarctica-attractions-chile.php

Australia Tourist Guides, Sino, 2009, last accessed on December 10, 2009http://www.sino.net/australia-tourist-guides/attractions.html

India Tourist Attractions, Info India, last accessed on December 10, 2009http://www.info2india.com/rajasthan/india-attractions.html

Italy Tourist Attractions, Vacation Idea, 2009, last accessed on December 10, 2009http://www.vacationidea.com/articles/italy_tourist_attractions.html

The fact is that numerous rooted macrophyte structures are not full of naturally strong and healthy particles and sediments and nutrients. It is because of the restriction or absence of these particles, sediments and nutrients that the study of these systems has not been as extensive and thorough as the concentration on the terrestrial structures when understanding the fate, sources and sinks of Co2 levels in the ecosystems and the plants structures (e.g., Drake and Leadley 1991). Researchers assert that "rooted macrophyte systems can be sources of CO2, Chapter 4 and other gases through microbial processing of organic matter in the sediments and direct emission from leaves" (Delaune et al. 1990).

Table 1. Total net primary production (NPP) from world systems (Modified from Valiela, 1984)

Area

NPP

Tot. NPP1

% of Total

% of Total

106 km2

gC m-2 y-1

X106mTC y-1

System

Global

Marine System:

Open Ocean

46

15,355

74.1

24.1

Upwellings

0.4

74

0.4

0.1

Continental shelf

27

2,997

14.5

4.7

Algal eds & reef

0.6

2.7

0.9

Estuaries (exc. marsh)

1.4

3.7

1.2

Tot. Marine

57

20,726

32.5

Continental System:

Terrestr. Env.

39,540

91.7

61.9

Swamp and Marsh

2

1,110

2,220

5.1

3.5

Lakes and Streams

2

0.7

0.5

Tot. Continental

43,112

67.5

Total Global

63,838

Total…...

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Bibliography

Abel K.M. (1984) Inorganic Carbon Source for Photosynthesis in the Seagrass Thalassia hemprichii (Ehrenb.) Aschers. Plant Physiology 76, 776-781.

Adam, P. 1990. Saltmarsh ecology. Cambridge Univ. Press. Cambridge. 461p.

Agren, G., R.E. McMurtrie, W.J. Parton, J. Pastor and H.H. Shugart. 1991. State-of-the-art of models of production-decomposition linkages in conifer and grassland ecosystems. Ecological Applications. 1:118-138.

Anderson, J.M. 1991. The effects of climate change on decomposition processes in grassland and coniferous forests. Ecological Applications 1:326-347.

" (SD, 1)
McClintock goes on to connect this to pointedly negative consequences for marine life, arguing that many invertebrates are distinctly vulnerable because their protective shells require many of the nutrients naturally available in their surrounding water to maintain hardness or to develop at all. This is a concern which is also raised in the article by Monroe (2009), where the results of an experiment designed to confirm this effect were as expected. Accordingly, "[Victoria] Fabry, a biological oceanographer and visiting researcher at Scripps Institution of Oceanography at UC San Diego, studies the effects of ocean acidification on the mollusks known as pteropods. In one experiment, only 48 hours of exposure to slightly corrosive seawater caused normally smooth shells to become frayed at the edges on their way to eventual dissolution, severely diminishing their owners' chances of survival." (Monroe, 1)

This demonstrates that the increased acidification of the ocean's waters is…...

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Works Cited:

ANI. (2010). CO2 Negatively Affecting Environment of World's Oceans. Thaindian News.

Monroe, R. (2009). Carbonated Oceans. Explorations: Scripps Institution of Oceanography.

Pechenik, J. (2004). Biology of the Invertebrates. McGraw-Hill Science/Engineering/Math.

Pinet, P.R. (2009). Invitation to Oceanography. Jones & Bartlett Learning.

9% of total GDP in Colombia (U.S.$3,524 million) and generates 386,000 direct jobs, equivalent to 1.8% of total employment in the country (Tourism Industry in Colombia).
The Composition of Tourism in Colombia

With 3,208 km of coastline (1,760 km on Caribbean Sea and 1,448 km on Pacific Ocean),

and 400 km of Amazon forest and Andean mountains, Colombia has a vast array of possible tourist destinations.

Some of the reasons tourists are interested in visiting Colombia would be its privileged location on the continent. All the environments of the tropics are present: glaciers, beaches, plains, rainforests, and deserts, which all add to its desirability (Where to go?).

Colombia also has countless tourist destinations offering a wide array of activities. Even the most jaded traveler can't help but be swept up by the magic of Cartagena, steeped in history and gentle people. Oozing romance, the old city is a warren of cobblestone streets that meander between…...

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Bibliography

"1995-2000 Tourism-Sector Development Program." 2000. Mexico's Tourism Policy. 16 Apr 2009 .

"About Mexico." n.d. visitmexico. 15 Apr 2009 .

"Colombia Tourism." 1988. Geographic org. 16 Apr 2009 .

"Costa Rica has something for everybody." n.d. Costa Rica Tourism and Travel Bureau . 15 Apr 2009 .

There are a wide range of issues it consider here; from the effect that changed ecosystems can have on the general environment to studies of the 'disappearing' coral reef and the glaciers that are rapidly melting. "Scientists predict that composition and range of many ecosystems will shift as species respond to climate change..." (eschatology of the left)
This will also have an impact on the forests and it is estimated that as much as two-thirds of the worlds footrests will be affected.

Figure 1. Comparison of emissions source: (http://www.ucsusa.org/global_warming/solutions/recognizing-forests-role-in-climate-change.html)

2.1. The media and the construction of perceptions

Taking into account the enormous significance of global warming and the potential that it poses for the disruption and even destruction of human life on earth, it is important to gauge the effect that this event has had on the public perception. The media as a conduit of popular perception is also means of shaping public…...

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Works Cited

Boykoff J. And Boykoff M. Journalistic Balance as Global Warming Bias:

Creating controversy where science finds consensus. May 4, 2007.  http://www.fair.org/index.php?page=1978 

Brief Analysis of Climate Change Report. May 4, 2007.  http://alt-e.blogspot.com/ 

Eschatology of the left. May 4, 2007  http://www.watchblog.com/republicans/archives/001181.html

Imagining architecture as the structure upon which meaning grows and contributes to the phenomenon of a place is particularly helpful when investigating Holl's Linked Hybrid, because the design expresses a desire to meld the objective, concrete of the building itself to the experience of the residents living and moving within.
Construction on Linked Hybrid began in 2003 and completed in 2009, when Holl's design won the Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat's award for Best Tall Building (CTBUH 2009). Part of a slew of new developments born out of Beijing's revitalization as a result of its hosting of the 2008 Olympic games, Linked Hybrid is a mixed-use development consisting of "a ring of eight 21-story towers, linked at the 20th floor by gentling sloping public sky bridges, lined with galleries, cafes, restaurants, bars and shops" (Busari 2008). Each tower is rectangular, with some towers being additionally linked at the…...

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References

Busari, Stephanie. CNN, "Beijing embraces Brave New World of buildings." Last modified June

24, 2008. Accessed November 6, 2011.

 http://edition.cnn.com/2008/TECH/06/18/beijing.hybrid/index.html .

Council on Tall Buildings and Urban Habitat, "2009 Awards." Last modified October 2009.

Crafting a Compelling Thesis Statement on the Effects of Coastal Erosion on the Decline of Marine Life

Step 1: Understand the Issue

Coastal erosion is a pressing environmental challenge, eroding beaches, cliffs, and other coastal landforms. This erosion directly impacts marine life by degrading vital habitats, reducing food sources, and increasing vulnerability to predators.

Step 2: Identify the Central Argument

The central argument should assert a clear relationship between coastal erosion and the decline of marine life. Avoid overly general or vague statements. Instead, focus on a specific aspect of the impact, such as:

Coastal erosion leads to habitat loss for marine species.
Coastal....

1. Unveiling the Enchanting Caribbean Sea: A Comprehensive Exploration

2. The Caribbean Sea: A Cultural and Ecological Tapestry

3. The Caribbean Sea: A Crucible of History and Heritage

4. The Caribbean Sea: A Vital Bloodline of Global Trade

5. The Caribbean Sea: A Symphony of Coral Reefs and Marine Life

6. The Caribbean Sea: A Canvas of Coastal Beauty

7. The Caribbean Sea: A Paradox of Paradise and Vulnerability

8. The Caribbean Sea: A Mirror of Climate Change and its Consequences

9. The Caribbean Sea: A Geopolitical Crucible in the Heart of the Americas

10. The Caribbean Sea: A Sea of Opportunities and Challenges

11. The Caribbean Sea: A Haven....

The Devastating Impacts of Tsunamis: An Exploration of Their Environmental, Social, and Economic Consequences

Introduction:

Tsunamis, towering walls of water that originate from underwater seismic activity, pose a significant threat to coastal communities worldwide. Their immense energy and destructive power can wreak havoc on ecosystems, displace populations, and cripple economies. This essay examines the multifaceted impacts of tsunamis, exploring their far-reaching consequences on both the natural and human environment.

Environmental Impacts:

1. Habitat Destruction and Coastal Erosion: Tsunamis can obliterate coastal ecosystems, including coral reefs, mangrove forests, and sandy beaches. These habitats provide vital ecosystem services, such as feeding and breeding grounds for marine....

1. Sandcastle building competition: Divide into teams and see who can build the most elaborate and innovative sandcastle.

2. Beach ball volleyball: Set up a makeshift net and have a fun game of beach volleyball with a beach ball.

3. Beach yoga: Practice yoga poses and stretches on the sand, listening to the sound of the waves for a relaxing and grounding experience.

4. Beach scavenger hunt: Create a list of items for everyone to find on the beach, such as seashells, driftwood, or sea glass.

5. Beach bonfire: End the day by the sea with a cozy bonfire, roasting marshmallows and telling stories....