Corporate Social Responsibility

There are various definitions aiming to explain what Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) signifies. Because of the many ways in which this concept is interpreted by the millions of companies around this country, and the world, there is no consensus as to what CSR could truly mean. In other words, definitions vary depending upon the field examined, and the impact of a business' actions. Yet CSR is of vital importance to the world, because it provides both for a measurement of services provided by a company, and also measures the impact of these various actions upon the population served. For this reason, some say that CSR is an indicator of the quality of management of a company.[footnoteRef:1] Others yet, for the same reason, claim that CSR measures the nature and quantity of companies' impact on society.[footnoteRef:2] [1: Baker, M. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility. MallenBaker.net. Retrieved January 27, from…

Works Cited:

Baker, M. (2004). Corporate Social Responsibility. MallenBaker.net. Retrieved January 27, from .

Cooper, R. (2010). Technological Advancement: 10 Most Important Technological Advancements that Changed the World. Yahoo Voices. Retrieved January 27, from .

No Author. (2012). Did You Know? Corporate Social Responsibility. Accenture Online. Retrieved January 27, from .

Noer, M. (2008). Corporate Social Responsibility. Forbes Magazine Online. Retrieved January 27, from .

591-2).

The failure to integrate CS initiatives into a larger development plan is another problem contributing to the lack of implementation of CS projects. Projects are often driven by short-term expediency meaning that the decisions taken are at too low a level as to which projects to execute. There may be little coordination in determining the areas that will benefit and how the projects can be put together to contribute to a greater whole. By failing to implement CS projects at a larger scale, the corporations run a risk of causing conflicts and even creating negative developmental consequences (Frynas, 2005, p.593).

Solutions to the Problem

One ways of implementing CS can be through the recruitment procedure that an organization applies in acquiring its employees. By discouraging discrimination practices by its employees they will ensure that qualified individuals are employed and that all applicants have a level playground. Discrimination based on…

References

Baker, M. (2003). Corporate Social Responsibility-What Does it Mean? Retrieved

October 8, 2010, from  http://www.mallenbaker.net/csr/definition.php 

BCD Travel. (2006). Corporate Social Responsibility Principles [Brochure]. The

Netherlands. BCD Travel.

Corporate Social Responsibility

Unfortunately, corporations are given considerable leeway by the government and are allowed to sidestep rules, misinform or withhold information from the public; and otherwise avoid accountability. As Estes writes in his article "Punitive Damages Remind Companies Not to Sin," "We'll continue to have exploding automobiles, unsafe workplaces, sweatshops, toxic pollution and waste until corporations are made to put the public interest over private profit." Exploding cars are only one of many symptoms of corporate irresponsibility. Putting private profit over public interest, integrity, and even common sense is immoral and unethical because it leads directly to physical harm and even death. Other symptoms of corporate irresponsibility include environmental degradation and poverty. The government and the justice system need to encourage corporate responsibility through a strict enforcement of reasonable laws based on public welfare. Awarding large punitive damages to victims of corporate irresponsibility is one way of creating public…

Corporate Social esponsibility

Trends of 2011

With so many businesses running the world today, and especially in light of those who do not necessarily have the consumer's best interest at heart, there must be something holding it all to a certain standard, namely, something assuring that the customer and the employees are served well by the company. Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) is that thing. CS is defined by Mallen Baker (2011) as "the continuing commitment by business[es] to behave ethically and contribute to economic development while improving the quality of life of the workforce and their families, as well as of the local community and society at large."

In order to best assess, however, how CS truly contributes towards benefitting society one must analyze the trends in this subject, which is exactly what the following paragraphs will do. For instance, according to an article written by Timothy Merrick (2011), entitled…

References:

Baker, M. (2011). Definitions of Corporate Social Responsibility. Mallen Baker. Retrieved December 5, from .

McClimon, T. (2011). Five Trends to Watch in Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved December 5, from .

Merrick, T. (2011). Four CSR Trends to Watch in 2011. Green Economy. Retrieved December 5, from .

Corporate esponsibility

During the past couple of decades companies that had been previously concerned only with their bottom line and profitability have changed course and taken new directions that include corporate social responsibilities such as health, safety, environment, and even community relations. As these new responsibilities have taken shape many of the for -- profit organizations have established footholds in what used to be the non-profit arena's domain of expertise. This is true not only in the developed countries around the globe, but in under-developed countries as well. One recent report touts that change in thinking by stating "businesses have obligations to society that go beyond profit-making to solve societal and ecological problems" (Idemudia, 2011, p. 1). Today, more companies are likely to agree with that statement than in the past, especially those companies that are often in the public eye, such as large oil companies.

A good example of…

References

Batruch, C.; (2011) Does corporate social responsibility make a difference? Global Governance, Vol. 17, Issue 2, pp. 155-159

Idemudia, U.; (2011) Corporate social responsibility and developing countries, Progress in Development Studies, Vol. 11, Issue 1, pp. 1 -- 18

Kreng, V.B. & May-Yao, H.; (2011) Corporate social responsibility: Consumer behavior, corporate strategy, and public policy, Social Behavior & Personality: An International Journal, Vol. 39, Issue 4, pp. 529-541

Corporate Social esponsibility

Literature eview a topic-Corporate Social esponsibility

The term 'corporate social responsibility' is a social word that has often taken the world by a storm at its mention. Noya and Clarence (2007) in their book "The social economy: building inclusive economies" offers a succinct description and understanding of what normally takes place and get exemplified at the mention of this term in the business world. Many writers of business journals and books have described the source as one of the excellent read, which often participates in transforming the nature in which business ideas get conceived, exemplified, implemented, and functional in the human society. Noya and Clarence are succinct and most professional businesspersons. They have often inspired the lives of young executives and entrepreneurs in their bid to engage in the business of social entrepreneurship. Noya and Clarence (2007) in the book offer some immense and excellent ways in…

References

Banerjee, S.B. (2007). Corporate social responsibility: The good, the bad and the ugly.

Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar.

Destefanis, S., & Musella, M. (2009). Paid and unpaid labour in the social economy: An international perspective. Heidelberg: Physica-Verlag.

Gru-newa-lder, A. (2008). Corporate social responsibility: Implementation in German companies. Mu-nchen: GRIN Verlag GmbH.

Corporate Social esponsibility and Transnational Companies

In this essay, I have discussed how essential Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) is for the success of Transnational Corporations. UN Global Compact is also being discussed. I have also included case studies to support of Nike, Primark and Microsoft. Moreover, I have included positives and negatives about CS and the factors that exist in CS which may lead to the success of transnational corporations. Finally, I have included the role of stakeholders in CS.

Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) has no universally-acknowledged definition. However, on a general note, it is referred as "transparent business practices that are based on ethical values, compliance with legal requirements, and respect for people, communities, and the environment" (Baird, Kramer & Wofford 2002). Accordingly, companies are not only liable to make profits but are also expected to make a positive influence on the human race and our planet. As far…

References

Aggarwal, R., Berrill, J., Hutson, E. (2010). What is a multinational corporation? Classifying the degree of ?rm-level multinationality. International Business Review [online]. 1, p.1-21. Available from: . [Accessed March 09, 2013].

Baird, V., Kramer, C. & Wofford D. (July 2002). What is CSR?. Catalyst Consortium: Washington. Available from . [Accessed March 09, 2013].

Bitanga, J. (2010). Corporate Social Responsibility and the United Nations Global Compact. Competition Forum [online]. 8 (2), p.265. Available from: . [Accessed 09 March 2013].

Corporate Social Responsibility. (n.d.).Primark. Available from . [Accessed 09 March 2013].

As social networking became more widespread, facebook opened up more products and increased its users. Job seekers are starting to see the negative effect of posting or private information on facebook as they more and more employers access facebook and use private information of these jobseekers in the hiring process. This aspect has lead to look at Corporate Social esponsibility of implications of Facebook's privacy policy

Facebook outlines the following about private policy

Facebook is meant to share information with others such as friends and individual within your network. but, at the same time provide the user with controls that can bar other third parties from viewing user's information. Facebook allows the user to decide which information friends and other people can access. Face book's network system and user's privacy setting permits the user to make informed decisions concerning who can access the user's information. Facebook does not share contact…

Reference

Alison, G (2006). "Facebook Follies Can Hurt Your Job Prospects." December 8, 2006. .

Alison, G (2007). "Living Online." New Scientist 2006. February 5, 2007.

"Facebook Opens Site to Everyone." September 26, 2006. .

"Facebook Privacy Policy." October 31, 2006. .

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) is a legal and ethical mechanism, which businesses adopt to effect positive changes on social issues such as environment, health, economic conditions and others. This is primarily a philanthropic function of a business entity that empowers the community through various activities. Many organizations use community based initiatives aimed at sustainable development for local residents. It has become imperative for businesses to develop CSR initiatives in the world today (Noer et al., 2008).

In his book, Activist, Ojaide (2010), reveals that, people in the Delta region who claim to be enlightened, are the perpetrators of acts that violate the interests of the local inhabitants. They are the people involved in sabotage and degradation of the community resource by oil companies from the Niger delta. The book highlights the suffering of the local people from the effects of political corruption and environmental pollution brought about by the activities…

Bibliography

Ako, R.T., Obokoh, L.O. & Okonmah, P., 2007. Forging peaceful relationships between oil-companies and host-communities in Nigeria's Delta region: A stakeholder's perspective to corporate social responsibility. Journal of Enterprising Communities, 2(3).

Aluko, M.E., 2004. Nigeria and Its Membership of OPEC. [Online] Available at:

 http://www.nigerdeltacongress.com/narticles/nigeria_and_its_membership_of_op.htm  [Accessed 27 March 2012].

Collier, G., 2011. The Cumulaive Neglect of Collective Responsibility. In Collier, G. Spheres

Corporate Social Responsibility Initiatives

A corporation that responds positively towards social issues is considered socially acceptable. There are some corporate social responsibility initiatives which the firm should take in order to get socially responsible. There are five main corporate social responsibility initiatives: Philanthropy, ork/Life programs, Community redevelopment, Acceptance of whistle blowers and Environmental protection.

Philanthropy

The first way is to donate a lot to charities. These include hospitals, colleges and nursing homes. Many institutions rely on charity from corporations to continue their work. Many corporations strive to make sure that their donations are used for the benefit of the end user and the ones who actually need it. The new generation philanthropists desire maximum social impact in return for their donations. These philanthropists study donation plans as any normal business plan. (Dubrin 74-105)

ork/Life Programs

The corporations can also help their own employees by teaching them to balance their work…

Works cited

Dubrin, Andrew. Essentials of Management. New Delhi: Cengage Learning, 2012. 74-105. Retrieved from  http://books.google.com.pk/books?id=PRWOozVbsekC&pg=PA109&lpg=PA109&dq=factors+contributing+to+lax+ethics,+and+common+ethical+temptations+and+violations.&source=bl&ots=8vmqXfWNRu&sig=kJumU8_YSdSYyTLGq0pVCnruoOE&hl=en&sa=X&ei=8NDsUfjSNabe4QTUmIGYBw&ved=0CCoQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q=factors%20contributing%20to%20lax%20ethics%2C%20and%20common%20ethical%20temptations%20and%20violations.&f=false 

Industrialrelations.nsw.gov.au. "Workplace policies and procedures - NSW Industrial Relations." 2013. Web. 22 Jul 2013. .

Corporate Social esponsibility (Sony)

Corporate social responsibility (CS) is no longer a tenable option to just be silent. Companies have to take responsibilities of their actions as a result of the impacts their businesses causes to the community and their stakeholders. For example during the recent oil spill of the British Petroleum Company (BP), at the coast of United States, the U.S. government did not remain silent on the issue but urged BP to take responsibility of the spill which endangered the health and safety of humans, plant and animal life.

In addition, businesses cannot exist without the community and in the same way, community cannot exist without business. This is in the view that, if there is no community, where would the business sell its products? And where would that business get labor from, to produce those goods and services consumed by that society or the community?

It's in…

References

Anup Shah, (2007).Global issues: Corporate social Responsibility. Retrieved on Aug 9, 2011

from  http://www.global  issues.org/article/723/corporate-social-responsibility

Archie Carroll, (1999). Corporate Social Responsibility: Evolution of Definition Construct.

Retrieved on Aug 9, 2011 from  http://uga.academia.edu/httpwwwterryugaeduprofilespersonid443/Papers/398629/Corporate_Social_Responsibility_Evolution_of_a_Definitional_Construct

" Apple went on to insist that it demands "compliance" with its code of ethics through a "…rigorous monitoring programme, including factory audits, corrective action plans and verification measures" (Chamberlain, 2011).

A recent article published by the media company Al Jazeera (in Qatar) reports that Apple admitted "…some of its suppliers continue to overwork and underpay employees." Apple received heavy criticism for its factory work done by Foxconn so it opened the doors to investigators. The audits that Apple conducted shows that just 38% of its suppliers (including Foxconn and other suppliers) were living up to Apple's "own standard of a maximum 60-hour work week and minimum one day off per week" (Al Jazeera).

One-third of Apple's suppliers in China were found to be "…negligent in managing hazardous substances" and also one-third of its suppliers in china were "…below standard in injury prevention practice" (Al Jazeera). Moreover, Apple said it…

Works Cited

Al Jazeera. (2012). Apple admits some suppliers overworking staff. Retrieved February 20,

2012, from EBSCOHost.com.

Chamberlain, Gethin. (2011). Apple's Chinese workers treated 'inhumanely, like machines'.

The Guardian. Retrieved February 20, 2012, from http://guardian.com.uk.

As he believes, that when firms are collaborating with government officials, they are creating win -- win situations for everyone involved. This is significant, because it is showing how the government wants to see these kinds of programs implemented to improve the business environment and the standard of living in various regions of the country. Once this occurs, it means that Saudi Arabia will be the focus of increased amounts of foreign direct investment capital. This will help the nation to be able to adapt and adjust with transformations that are occurring in the global economy. The information from this source is useful, because it is showing how governments are pushing social responsibility initiatives to increase economic development. This is the point that their economy will realize the long-term benefits from these kinds of programs. (King Abdullah Call for Corporate Social Responsibility 2009)

The article that was written by Gravem…

Bibliography

1st Corporate Social Responsibility Forum, 2006, UNDP. Available from: [26 Nov. 2011].

An Evening with Saudi Arabia, 2011. Arms Coverseas. Available from: [26 Nov. 2011]

Corporate Social Responsibility, 2008, Kennedy School of Government. Available from: [26 Nov. 2011].

Corporate Social Responsibility, 2011, Investopedia. Available from: [25 Nov. 2011].

However, the actual crisis could also become a good opportunity to show how the company actually cares about its social responsibilities. On one hand, outsourcing had not been done only to increase the company's profits, but it was done so as to be able to benefit the local community, offer jobs to the Chinese people and increase the overall living standards in that country. At the same time, outsourcing to China also meant training and investment in people, making them better adapted to the global working environment and providing them with an increased opportunity to participate more actively on the job market. Finally, outsourcing to China also meant a positive impact on the community. Other then this, the company needs to make sure that it associates its image with CSR by focusing on a certain event that has grasped the attention of the world. Such an event is the Sichuan…

Bibliography

1. Porter, Michael; Kramer, Mark. Strategy and Society: The Link Between Competitive Advantage and Corporate Social Responsibility. Harvard Business Review. 2006

2. Zadek, Simon. The Path to Corporate Responsibility. Harvard Business Review. 2004

3. Porter, Michael; Kramer, Mark. The Competitive Advantage of Corporate Philanthropy. Harvard Business Review. 2002

4. Quelch, John; Jocz, Katherine. How Corporate Responsibility Can Survive the Recession. Harvard Business Publishing. 2009.

Corporate Social Responsibility Business

Corporate social responsibility

Corporate social responsibility involves a set of principles promoting the idea that business in general should be directed at assisting social progress through putting across ethical attitudes. Ethics has come to play an important role in the business environment in recent years and this influenced many to get actively engaged in considering this concept whenever doing business. Corporate social responsibility is meant to influence individuals to employ more sympathetic view with regard to their peers while doing business. As business institutions, firm have the obligation to put across attitudes that have a positive effect on stakeholders.

Corporate social responsibility is meant to strengthen the connection between society and the business industry. By emphasizing a series of beliefs, this concept is intended to have businessmen better acquainted with what is expected from them. It largely deals with the relationship between the social order and…

Works cited:

Hopkins, M. (2012). "Corporate Social Responsibility and International Development: Is Business the Solution?." Routledge.

Horrigan, B. (2010). "Corporate Social Responsibility in the 21st Century: Debates, Models and Practices Across Government, Law and Business." Edward Elgar Publishing.

Sims, R.R. (2003). "Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility: Why Giants Fall." Greenwood Publishing Group.

By addressing this issue that concerns all customer segments,
our company might even expand its line of products by developing products
that address these customer segments.
In conclusion I must make it very clear that it is imperative that our
company, as well as other companies activating on the Chinese market, no
matter what their area of activity is, are obliged to improve consumer
confidence. One of the best and the most durable ways of achieving this
objective is represented by the implementation of CS practices in
companies' activity. The numerous benefits described above are a proof of
the efficiency of this strategy.



eference list:
1. Branigan, T. (2008). Chinese figures show fivefold rise in
babies sick from contaminated milk. The Guardian. etrieved
October 18, 2009 from
http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/02/china.
2. Jensen, M. C. (2004). Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory,
and the Corporate Objective Function. Harvard Business School.
etrieved October 18, 2009 from…

Reference list:
1. Branigan, T. (2008). Chinese figures show fivefold rise in
babies sick from contaminated milk. The Guardian. Retrieved
October 18, 2009 from
 http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2008/dec/02/china .
2. Jensen, M. C. (2004). Value Maximization, Stakeholder Theory,
and the Corporate Objective Function. Harvard Business School.
Retrieved October 18, 2009 from
 http://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstractid=220671 .

Cisco's Community Outreach Is Considered Exceptional

From their leadership in philanthropy in the Silicon Valley to the continued efforts to contribute to their newest subsidiary in Australia (edmond, 2005) Cisco is considered to be one of the most transparent and trustworthy companies involved in CS programs. It is also one of the only companies to create a report that discusses the returns on their investments in CS programs, including the number of children who have been able to participate in Head Start Programs, obtain free laptops, and also get free lunches. The company's efforts in Australia specifically to support communities they are part of have also made a major difference in the lives of the disadvantaged. Cisco has been able to do this through a common set of best practices and methodologies that concentrate on measuring the return on their investments in CS programs.

Conclusion

As these two examples illustrate,…

References

Elena Bonfiglioli, Lance Moir, Veronique Ambrosini. (2006). Developing the wider role of business in society: the experience of Microsoft in developing training and supporting employability. Corporate Governance, 6(4), 401-408.

Prabu David, Susan Kline, Yang Dai. (2005). Corporate Social Responsibility Practices, Corporate Identity, and Purchase Intention: A Dual-Process Model. Journal of Public Relations Research, 17(3), 291-313.

Louise Redmond. (2005). Cisco Systems: Global Programme: Local Impact. The Journal of Corporate Citizenship,(17), 69-78.

There is nearly a constant influx of new technological developments in this industry as well, which only makes the task of staying current with them all the more challenging. The intent of this paper is to describe how lizzard would be able to structure a Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) program that would financially support programming courses for lower income children throughout inner cities and rural areas. The essence of a strong CSR program is that it enriches and provides a higher level of value and improves the quality of a person's life for the long-term. Those sponsoring CSR programs have also found reciprocal benefits from staying focused on their core strengths and working to translate associated skills into long-term value for those they seek to build up (erens, van Riel, van Rekom, et.al.). The challenge then for creating any CSR program is to concentrate first on the skill sets to…

Bibliography

Guido Berens, Cees BM van Riel, Johan van Rekom. "The CSR-Quality Trade-Off: When can Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Ability Compensate Each Other? " Journal of Business Ethics 74.3 (2007): 233-252.

Ron Cacioppe, Nick Forster, Michael Fox. "A Survey of Managers' Perceptions of Corporate Ethics and Social Responsibility and Actions that may Affect Companies' Success. " Journal of Business Ethics 82.3 (2008): 681-700.

Cisco Corporate Citizenship (2008) -- Accessed from the Cisco.com corporate site on May 2, 2009 from location:

 http://www.cisco.com/web/about/ac227/csr2008/index.html

Corporate Social esponsibility, Ethics, And Business Law:

The Fall of Enron and the Discussion of Morals in Business

Ethics in business has continued to be a growing concern in the twenty-first century. In order to protect and attract stakeholders, companies have enforced social responsibility, while law has protected and ensured security to stakeholders through the passing of laws. Despite corporate social responsibility and federal law, individuals in some businesses still find means to sacrifice their morals and company reputation for their greed or disparity.

Enron Corporation was an energy company that was founded in Omaha, Nebraska in 1985. By 2000, Enron was able to claim revenues of roughly $101 billion and be a leading competitor worldwide in their industry. The year of 2001 saw a different reputation for Enron. It was publicly announced that lead accountant Arthur Andersen and other prominent staff had been embezzling and falsifying financial documents. "America's…

References

Ackman, D. (2002, January 15). Enron the incredible. Retrieved April 21, 2011 from  http://www.forbes.com /2002/01/15/0115enron.html' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

d.)

Contribution

The authors are making a major contribution by focusing on areas that have received limited amounts of study. This is helping to create new ideas about how a more diversified and active board of directors can help to improve social governance. As a result, there is discussion in how these ideas can be utilized in future studies (to help understand the challenges facing firms). ("Abstract Article Three," n.d.)

Article Four: The Social Identity Theory

Introduction

This article is focused on how the social identity theory can be used to by firms (who are in strategic alliances) to change their governance structure. In this case, there is no clear research question that is provided. Instead, the author will focus on using a series of observations to achieve the same objectives. This is interesting enough to encourage the reader to want to learn more about the subject. ("Abstract Article Three,"…

References

Abstract Article Five. (n.d.)

Abstract Article Four. (n.d.).

Abstract Article Two. (n.d.).

Abstract Article Three. (n.d.).

Corporate Social esponsibility (CS). It puts light on the history of Corporate Social esponsibility (CS). It also discusses the approaches for the implementation of Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) and also the benefits of its implementation. This paper also seeks to understand the principles and priorities of Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) and puts light on its future as well.

In the business era the responsibility of the organizations has been to make a profit and to maximize shareholder wealth. The goal of shareholder wealth maximization has been the underlying motivating factors for most the decisions taken by the organizations. The above mentioned goals were considered as the driving force of many organizations historically but now the situation has changed. In the past era the organizations have been exposed to a number of responsibilities in relation to their environment, society and community. This new responsibility or driving force of the organizations is…

References

Amato, A., Henderson, S., & Florence, S. Center for Creative Leadership, (2009). Corporate social responsibility and sustainable business a guide to leadership tasks and functions. Retrieved from Center for Creative Leadership website:  http://www.ccl.org/leadership/pdf/research/CorporateSocialResponsibility.pdf 

Carr, E., Hart, K., Mackinnon, J.G., & Mellinger, S. The University of Vermont, (2004). Corporate social responsibility: a study of four successful Vermont companies. Retrieved from The University of Vermont website: http://www.uvm.edu/~jgm/courses/BSAD307-CSR_Project.pdf

Crowther, D., & Aras, G. (2008). Corporate social responsibility. (Vol. 1, pp. 1-144). Ventus Publishing ApS. Retrieved from  http://www.mdos.si/Files/defining-corporate-social-responsibility.pdf 

Hohnen, P. International Institute for Sustainable Development, (2007). Corporate social responsibility an implementation guide for business. Retrieved from International Institute for Sustainable Development website:  http://www.iisd.org/pdf/2007/csr_guide.pdf

1. Introduction
There are a number of definitions of corporate social responsibility (CSR) available that typically focus on different factors that should be included in these initiatives (Verschoor, 2009). A concise definition provided by The Financial Times states that CSR is “is a business approach that contributes to sustainable development by delivering economic, social and environmental benefits for all stakeholders” (Definition of corporate social responsibility, 2017, para. 1). This definition is congruent with the consumers’ perspective of CSR as well, with the most important factors including: (a) corporations need to be committed to their employees; (b) corporations need to be committed to the public and communities and overall society; (c) corporations have a responsibility to provide quality products; and (d) corporations have a responsibility to the environment (Verschoor, 2009). The respective internal and external drivers and obstacles of CSR are discussed below followed by a discussion of the role of…

References
Ballou, B., Casey, R. J., Grenier, J. H. & Heitger, D. L. (2012). Exploring the strategic integration of sustainability initiatives: Opportunities for accounting research. Accounting Horizons, 26(2), 265-288.
Brooks, M. (2010, June). Incorporated social responsibility: Authentic CSR is an attitude that pervades every business decision. Financial Management, 12.
Carrasco, I. & Buendia-Martinez, I. (2016, January 1). From the business strategy result to a source of economic development: The dual role of CSR. Journal of Small Business Strategy, 26(1), 69-73.
Definition of corporate social responsibility. (2017). The Financial Times. Retrieved from http://lexicon.ft.com/Term?term=corporate-social-responsibility--(CSR).
Frecea, G. L. (2016, June 1). CSR integration into the financial economy: A conceptual approach. European Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies, 8(1), 35-39.
Kesavan, R. & Bernacchi, M. D. (2013, January 1). Word of mouse: CSR communication and the social media. International Management Review, 9(1), 58-62.
Verschoor, C. C. (2009, August). Consumers consider the importance of corporate social responsibility. Strategic Finance, 20-24.

1. What is required to implement an organization’s commitment to social responsibility? What are the main obstacles to implementing socially responsible policies? Name specifications that can be taken toward increased social responsibility.
In the implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR), an organization ought to firstly determine initiative focus. In the absence of focus, one will witness dispersed interests which render operations management difficult and cause people to doubt the organization’s sincerity. A focused organization can effectively pay attention to key causes, with participants being given sufficient attention on the firm’s part. In CSR adoption, an organization needs to take financial aspects into account, which typically occurs on several organizational levels (Pedrini, & Ferri, 2011). Thus, in order to achieve successful CSR implementation, organizations must ascertain associated costs (for instance, expenses incurred for acquisition of program material, towards supporting personnel ready to perform additional tasks, or towards donation of funds to…

References
Egan, G. (2013). The skilled helper: A problem-management and opportunity-development approach to helping. Cengage Learning.
Pedrini, M., & Ferri, L. M. (2011). Implementing corporate social responsibility. An Exploratory Study of Strategy Integration and CSR Officers’ Duty, 175-187.
Strohl, A., Schmertzing, L., & Schmertzing, R. (2014). Elementary teachers\\' experiences and perceptions of departmentalized instruction: A case study. Journal of Case Studies in Education, 6, 1.

Corporate Social esponsibility

I attaching assignment paper write essay CS.

Given the heightened level of international operations and globalization, pressure is mounting for corporations to behave ethically. Corporations are forced to developing standards, policies and behaviors as a demonstration of their sensitivity to concerns of stakeholder. The policies behaviors and standards are what a European commission called corporate social responsibilities. The Commission defined corporate social responsibility (CS) as "a concept whereby companies integrate social and environmental concerns in their business operations and in their interaction with their stakeholders on a voluntary basis" Commission, 2001.

Complementing this definition, McWilliams and Siegel. (2001)

, said CS include all actions that are intended to forge, beyond the firm's interest, a social good, and is a requirement in law.

Composition Corporate Social esponsibility

Corporate social responsibility entails coming up with solutions specific to a society. The corporation is however, not forcefully charged with an…

References

Balmer, John M.T., & Dinnie, K. (1999). "Corporate identity and corporate communications: the antidote to merger madness," Corporate Communications: . An International Journal,, 4, 68-86.

Balmer, J.M.T. (2001). Corporate Identity, Corporate Branding and corporate marketing European Journal of Marketing 34(4), 248-291.

Buckley, P.J., & Ghauri, P.N. (2004). Globalisation, Economic Geography and the Strategy of Multinational Enterprises. Journal of International Business Studies, 35(2), 81-98.

Commission, E. (2001). Promoting a European Framework for Corporate Social Responsibility.' Green Paper, 264.

This strategy was successful for some time but when WorldCom tried to acquire MCI (a company with two times more revenues than WorldCom), the binge of acquisitions was ended due to objections from antitrust and other stakeholders.

WorldCom's strategy was to display revenues and profits in extremely positive basket; for which the company had to make false misstatements in their accounting records. I think, it was the social and ethical responsibility of WorldCom to avoid misinterpretations in their financial statements and to show clear picture of the company to its stakeholders.

This strategy resulted in expansion of WorldCom through acquisitions and the expansion became so huge that the management of WorldCom was unable to handle the business. The debt of the company touched $41billion with $11billion of accounting frauds and misinterpretations. These all were the fruits of strategies implemented by Ebber just to display a very sound and positive picture…

References

Besser, T. And Miller, N. (2008). Is the good corporation dead? Journal of Socio-Economics, 30 (3). 221-241.

Crawford, K. (2005). Ex-WorldCom CEO Ebbers guilty: Faces up to 85 years in prison after being convicted on all nine counts in accounting fraud. Retrieved on May 7, 2011, from http://monev.cnn.eom/2005/03/l5/news/newsmakers/ebbers/index.htm?cnn=yes

Sidak, J.G. (2003). The failure of good intentions: The WorldCom fraud and the collapse of American telecommunications after deregulation. Yale Journal on Regulation, 20(2), 207-267.

CSR

Corporate Social Responsibility

Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) has recently reached an unprecedented level of salience with the emergence of global protests that seem to be driven in a large part by concerns over social issues such as equality as wells as environmental issues such as the regulation of greenhouse gas emissions. Although the protestors are occupying various parts of the world for a plethora of mixed motivations, it is reasonable to speculate that much of these individual motivations are embodied in the concept of CSR. The concept of CSR covers a lot of ground but there are two core principles that account for most of the commentary.

The first concept embodied within the notion of CSR is in respect to the manner that people are treated. Under classical models this would only include investors, customers, and internal employees. However the CSR approach includes all stakeholders locally, regionally, or even…

Works Cited

Drucker, P. "What is Business Ethics?" The Public Interest (1981): 18-36.

Friedman, M. "The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits." The New York Times Magazine 13 September 1970.

Hui, L. "Combining faith and CSR: a paradigm of corporate sustainability." International Journal of Social Economics (2008): 449-465. Web.

Peloza, J. And L. Papania. "The Missing Link between Corporate Social Responsibility and Financial Performance: Stakeholder Salience and Identification." Corporate Reputation Review (2008): 169-181. Web.

But the shareholders themselves need to be more aware and more involved in their company's business in order for any meaningful change to sustain itself:

Shareholders, the intended beneficiaries of the corporate vehicle, are the ultimate capitalists: avaricious accumulators with little fiscal risk and no legal responsibility for the way in which they pursue their imperative to accumulate. Shareholders, not corporations, show indifference to the needs and values of society. It is their behaviour that is most appropriately characterized as amoral indifference to the plight of others and their environment. Shareholders, not corporations, behave in a pathological manner. And shareholders should be the targets for the cure that we need for our ills. (Glasbeek 2005: 24)

There is also the problem of victimisation of other cultures in a global market. As Strike, Gao and Bansal (2006) point out in their article, 'Being Good While Being Bad: Social esponsibility and the…

References

Berkhout, Tom. 2005. 'Corporate Gains: Corporate Social Responsibility Can Be the Strategic Engine for Long-Term Corporate Profits and Responsible Social Development.' Alternatives Journal, January/February, pp. 15-22.

Carroll, B.A. 2004 'Managing ethically with global stakeholders: Annual Editions' Business Ethics 06-07: Contemporary Learning Series 30, pp. 114-120.

Dean, Dwane Hal. 2004. 'Consumer Reaction to Negative Publicity: Effects of Corporate Reputation, Response, and Responsibility for a Crisis Event.' The Journal of Business Communication 41:192-201.

Dickens, Charles. 1912. A Christmas Carol. Chicago: Rand McNally.

For Nike, the better use of the $60M would be to first focus on how to create a more effective supply chain, sourcing, and partnership ecosystem that is in compliance to their CS objectives and goals. The lives of thousands in the company's supply chain need to take precedence over the spending on a single spokesperson.

Second, the value of a reputation for being transparent and trustworthy is far more valuable than any celebrity can provide. A case in point is Gatorade.

Having spent millions on a Tiger Woods endorsement, the company had to retract not only the endorsement but also the product based on his persona. If these funds had been used for funding programs for children in the poverty pockets of the U.S. And globally to get internet access and received better sports equipment, CS objectives would be attained at long-term change to lives who need the greatest…

References:

Babiak, K., & Wolfe, R.. (2009). Determinants of Corporate Social Responsibility in Professional Sport: Internal and External Factors. Journal of Sport Management, 23(6), 717.

Boje, D., & Khan, F.. (2009). Story-Branding by Empire Entrepreneurs: Nike, Child Labour, and Pakistan's Soccer Ball Industry. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship, 22(1), 9-24,85.

Choi, C., & Berger, R.. (2010). Ethics of Celebrities and Their Increasing Influence in 21st Century Society. Journal of Business Ethics, 91(3), 313-318.

Hamish Dodds. (2008, December). OPINION: Do the right thing - and mean it. Brand Strategy,15.

This has lead to a greater corporate awareness of their impact in the multitude of regions they work and sell in. It has lead the concept of Corporate Social esponsibility to become a highlighted feature in the nature of global business today.

There are numerous examples of successful implementations of Corporate Social esponsibility in today's marketplace. Take one for example, the Caremark Corporation which is typically known to Americans as the owners of the CVS chain pharmacy and drug stores. This corporation has expanded rapidly over the past few years and has now become a global powerhouse. Yet, within its store locations, even in nations many corporations might exploit, they sill over excellent employee health packages that are equitable with the ones they offer their American employees in the United States. This seemingly small token shows corporate responsibility for their employees. However, not all seemingly wholesome American companies end up…

References

Assadourin, Erik. (2006). "State of Corporate Responsibility and the Environment." Georgetown International Environmental Law Review. Bnet.com. Retrieved August 8, 2009 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qa3970/is_200607/ai_n16692849/ .

Eom, Sean B. (1994). "Transitional Management Systems: An Emerging Tool for Global Strategic Management." SAM Advance Management. 59(2):22-27.

Ruggie, John Gerard. (2007). "Business and Human rights: The Evolving International Agenda." Corporate Social Responsibility Initiative. Working Paper No. 31. Harvard University. Retrieved August 8, 2009 at  http://www.hks.harvard.edu/m-rcbg/CSRI/publications/workingpaper_38_ruggie.pdf .

Vogel, David. (2008). "CSR Doesn't Pay." Forbes Magazine. Retrieved August 8, 2008 at  http://www.forbes.com /2008/10/16/csr-doesnt-pay-lead-corprespons08-cx_dv_1016vogel.html' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

Corporate Social Responsibility
Companies use Corporate Social Responsibility to assess their effect on the social and environmental wellbeing and take responsibility. CSR is primarily a mechanism for self-regulation. Firms track and make sure that they comply with the law, actively, including standards of ethics, international and national norms. Occasionally, the efforts by such companies may go beyond the regulatory requirements or the groups for the protection of the environment (Belfiore, 2016).
Apple Inc. has emerged as a leading global manufacturer, marketer and designer of media accessories, communications devices, portable audio players and computers. It was established in 1977 in the state of California. It is now ranked as the largest company dealing with IT; based on revenue and the total number of assets under its ownership and control. It is also ranked second in the mobile manufacturing niche. The CSR activities at Apple are spearheaded by its Vice President in…

Corporate Social esponsibility

The purpose of this case study is close synopsis of the Enron case and its impact on consumers and corporate business practices alike. Prior to its collapse Enron had been named one of America's top 10 admired corporations, and its boards "was acclaimed one of the U.S.' best five" (eed, 2004). Throughout the 1990s the company experienced tremendous growth and profits exceeding $180 billion, employing more than 30,000 people worldwide (eed, 2004).

Enron collapsed however and went bankrupt, a process that "outraged and impacted stakeholders tremendously and resulted in numerous congressional investigations" (eed, 2004). The "implosion" of the company "wreaked havoc on accounting like no other case in American history; the collapse of the system called into question the adequacy of U.S. disclosure practices and the integrity of independent audit processes" (Thomas, 2002).

Overview of the Case

In October of 2001 Enron executives announced they were taking…

References:

Berlau, John; Spun, Brandon. (2002). "Is Big business ethically bankrupt? Boom in business ethics courses is likely in the wake of the Enron scandal, but critics say these classes need to focus on moral rather than political corrected ness." Insight on the News, Vol. 18, Issue 10, p. 16

Farrell, G. (2002). "Impact to reverberate from Wall Street to D.C." USA Today. October 10, 2004,  http://www.usatoday.com/money/energy/enron/2002-06-17-andersen.htm 

Hoops, J. (2004). "Enron revisited: where are we today?" The Trusted Professional,

October 11, 2004,

Islamic economics extends these into the basics of investment for new venture creation, which is another aspect of Islamic accounting that specifically has been focused on from an economic growth perspective (Choudhury, 2001, 31-33).

eferences

Guido Berens, Cees BM van iel, Johan van ekom. 2007. The CS-Quality Trade-Off: When can Corporate Social esponsibility and Corporate Ability Compensate Each Other? Journal of Business Ethics 74, no. 3

September 1): 233-252. http://www.proquest.com (Accessed January 24, 2009).

Masudul Alam Choudhury 2001. Islamic venture capital - a critical examination. Journal of Economic Studies 28, no. 1 (January 1): 14-33. http://www.proquest.com (Accessed January 12, 2009).

Masudul Alam Choudhury 2006. Islamic macroeconomics? International Journal of Social Economics 33, no. 1/2 (January 1): 160-186. http://www.proquest.com (Accessed January 14, 2009).

Marios Katsioloudes, Tor Brodtkorb. 2007. Corporate Social esponsibility: An Exploratory Study in the United Arab Emirates. S.A.M. Advanced Management Journal 72, no. 4 (October 1): 9-20,2. http://www.proquest.com (Accessed…

References

Guido Berens, Cees BM van Riel, Johan van Rekom. 2007. The CSR-Quality Trade-Off: When can Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Ability Compensate Each Other? Journal of Business Ethics 74, no. 3

September 1): 233-252.  http://www.proquest.com  (Accessed January 24, 2009).

Masudul Alam Choudhury 2001. Islamic venture capital - a critical examination. Journal of Economic Studies 28, no. 1 (January 1): 14-33.

Corporate social responsibility is a reflection of societal ethical norms. There is some disagreement in our society what the norms for corporations should be. A corporation is comprised of people, but the norms for corporations seem to be different from the norms for the people that comprise the corporation. This paper will explore these ideas to determine what corporate social responsibility is, and should be.

A corporation is a legal entity, but without the people that run it, a corporation is nothing. Thus, a corporation being a legal entity rather than a living entity -- the apparent exception to this reality in the United States notwithstanding -- a corporation cannot make decisions. It has no ability to conceive of anything, to have ethics, or indeed even to behave. In that sense, the idea of corporate social responsibility is an absurdity. A corporation has no greater capacity to make an ethical…

References

Friedman, M. (1970). The social responsibility of business is to increase its profits. New York Times Magazine. Retrieved May 30, 2015 from  http://www.colorado.edu/studentgroups/libertarians/issues/friedman-soc-resp-business.html

Marquis, C., Lee, M. (2013). Who is governing whom? Executives, governance, and the structure of generosity in large U.S. firms. Strategic Management Journal, 34: 483-497. DOI: 10.1002/smj.2028

The purpose of this article is to identify the manner in which organizational structures impact organizational strategies used by corporate leadership role players. The example that the researchers give of such a structure is the corporate foundation, which is commonly directly managed by a group of corporate leaders for philanthropic purposes. However, the structure of the corporate foundation allows leaders to exercise influence that in a different corporate structure would be far less possible or even welcomed by the variety of shareholders and stakeholders involved. The determining factors of what allows one corporate entity to achieve specific aims within its philanthropic organization are what the study seeks to identify. The study looks for correlation between variables and outcomes in this respect. The secondary…

Organizational Ethics and Corporate Social Responsibility
A. Create three corporate policies that reflect the organization’s culture and ethical viewpoints
· Encourage the empowerment and engagement of all employees in corporate decision making
· Collaboration within the workplace at all times and leadership development
· Active involvement and participation in the communities in which our business operations are present
1. Explain the rationale behind the policies, including how they align with the organization’s culture
· The rationale behind the corporate policy on employee empowerment and engagement is linked to the fact that when employees are engaged at the workplace setting, they end up feeling and having a connection with the connection. It brings a sense of what they are doing in the corporation is important and therefore opt to work harder. This is in alignment with the culture in terms of reducing employee turnover, increasing employee commitment and also increasing employee…

CS and Green Marketing

Green Marketing and Corporate Social esponsibility

This essay examines green marketing and corporate social responsibility practices. In particular, the paper examines the practice of greenwashing, and discusses companies' willingness to exploit green marketing for competitive advantage. The essay also reviews the legitimate use of green marketing as a means of promoting responsible environmental stewardship.

Green marketing involves the promotion of products that are marketed as being environmentally safe or beneficial. The practice had its beginnings in Europe in the early 1980s when certain products were found to be harmful to the earth's atmosphere. As a result, new types of products were created, called green products, which were less damaging to the environment. The green product movement grew quickly in the United States and has continued growing steadily ever since (Green Marketing, 2011).

Also known as sustainable marketing, environmental marketing, and ecological marketing, green marketing consists of…

Reference List

Economist's View, 2005. Why go Green? Product differentiation or Fox in the Henhouse? [Online] Available at: [Accessed 16 July 2011].

Environmental Leader, 2011. Americans Give Green Marketing Claims Too Much Credit, Study Finds. [Online] (Updated 2011) Available at: [Accessed 16 July 2011].

Green Marketing, 2011. [Online] (Updated 2011) Available at: [Accessed 16 July 2011].

GreenerDesign Staff, 2009. Companies Develop Green Products to Differentiate and Lead: Survey. [Online] Available at: [Accessed 16 July 2011].

Reality-Based Education

Case #1

Nathan Rosillo should take his case to the highest levels of the Chem-Tech corporate ladder. And if that doesn't work, he should conduct some ground-level research, which will be spelled out in this paper. He not only should work diligently and professionally towards presenting his case -- that the company should avoid dumping waste into the Dutch Valley River -- because it's the river he loves. He should press his case because it's the right thing to do for the environment and because ultimately, if his work is successful, it would show that Chem-Tech is a corporately responsible organization.

So, Nathan should follow the first choice in Case #1; he should not be a passive bystander. He should begin his quest to save the river by researching applicable laws (The Clean ater Act), and he should research those regulatory agencies that have loosened requirements on dumping…

Works Cited

Corporate Social Responsibility. (2010). What is Corporate Social Responsibility? Definition

of Corporate Social Responsibility. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from  http://www.csrinpractice.com .

EPA. (2011).Enforcement: Enforcement Basic Information. Retrieved April 19, 2015, from  http://www2.epa.gov .

EPA. (2010). Laws & Regulations. Summary of the Clean Water Act. Retrieved April 19,

Corporate ocial Responsibility: Bowen and Carroll

Howard R. Bowen was the founder of the concept of corporate social responsibility. In his book "ocial Responsibility of the Businessman," Bowen argued that business was a major force that touched the lives of numerous individuals. ince business was inextricably and continuously involved in processes of judgment and decision-making, many of their proposals and assertions touched the lives of vast numbers of citizens. These included not only employees of the firm but also their families, acquaintances, and so forth. The larger the firm, therefore, the more corporate responsibility, accordingly the industry had in regards to the decisions that it formulated. As Bowen asked: "What responsibilities to society may businessmen reasonably be expected to assume?" (p. xi). And he responded:

"It refers to the obligations of businessmen to pursue those policies, to make those decisions, or to follow those lines of action which are desirable…

Sniderman, S. (2011). "Bill & Melinda gates Foundation outlines 7 social good initiatives for 2011" yourolivebranch.org http://news.yourolivebranch.org/2011/02/07/bill-melinda-gates-foundation-outlines-7-social-good-initiatives-for-2011/

Whoriskey, P. (Oct. 6, 2011) Record thin on Steve Job's philanthropy. Washington Post.

 http://www.washingtonpost.com/business/economy/record-thin-on-steve-jobss-philanthropy/2011/10/06/gIQA3YKKRL_story.html

Corporate Social esponsibility

The author of this report has been asked to do a critical review of the subject that has come to be known as corporate social responsibility, or CS for short. ather than just doing a general literature review of the subject, there will be some specific points of analysis that will be focused on. The primary focal point that will be distinctive in this report is the comparison and contrasting between the marketing and human resources departments when it comes to corporate social responsibility practices and corporate social responsibility initiatives. The reason for this compare and contrast is to critically evaluate whether corporate social responsibility can be used as a marketing tool or not or whether it is typically a net drain on the bottom line. The discussion of this subject will include all sorts of academic faire including academic theories, academic models, research and case studies.…

References

Chernev A. & Blair, S. 2015, 'Doing Well by Doing Good: The Benevolent Halo of Corporate Social Responsibility', Journal Of Consumer Research, 41, 6, pp. 1412-1425, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 February 2016.

Fenwick, T, & Bierema, L 2008, 'Corporate social responsibility: issues for human resource development professionals', International Journal Of Training & Development, 12, 1, pp. 24-35, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 February 2016.

Ingenbleek, P, Meulenberg, M, & Van Trijp, H 2015, 'Buyer social responsibility: a general concept and its implications for marketing management', Journal Of Marketing Management, 31, 13/14, pp. 1428-1448, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 February 2016.

Jamali, D, El Dirani, A, & Harwood, I 2015, 'Exploring human resource management roles in corporate social responsibility: the CSR- HRM co-creation model', Business Ethics: A European Review, 24, 2, pp. 125-143, Business Source Premier, EBSCOhost, viewed 10 February 2016.

NHS Corporate Social esponsibility Practice

In a contemporary business environment, organizations are struggling with the new roles to meet the needs of present generation without compromising the needs of future generation. Within a business environment, stakeholders are calling upon corporate organizations to implement operations that will meet the societal values and the natural environment. Organizations are also being called upon to apply principles of corpo-rate social responsibility (CS) in the business operations. Corpo-rate social responsibility (CS) is the process where corporate organizations demonstrate the inclusion of social responsibility and environmental concerns in their business activities. (D'Amato, Henderson, & Henderson, 2009). It is no longer acceptable for a firm to conduct business without demonstrating societal concern.

The objective of this report is to evaluate the current Corporate Social esponsibility practice of National Health Service (NHS). The report uses Carroll's pyramid models to demonstrate the effectiveness of NHS Corporate Social esponsibility practice,…

References

Bowie, N.E. (1999). Business Ethics and Normative Theories. Black well Publishing. UK.

Burton, B.K., Farh, J.L. & Hegarty, W.H. (2000). Comparison of a Cross-Cultural Corporate Social Responsibility Orientation: Hong Kong vs. United States Students. Teaching Business Ethics, 4(2):151-167.

Carroll, A.B. (1999). Evolution of a Definitional Construct of Corporate social responsibility Business and Society, 38(3): 268-295.

D'Amato, A. Henderson, S. & Henderson, S.(2009).Corporate Social Responsibility and Sustainable Business. CCL Press. USA.

organization always adopt a broad stance on social responsibility? Explain how you agree or disagree with this question and why you have this perspective.

More and more organizations are making social responsibility a primary feature of their websites and the ways in which they market themselves to consumers. Starbucks promotes its sale of Fair Trade coffee; the Interface carpet company has a zero-impact model of sustainability. This can generate good publicity for the company or in some instances real cost savings. Thus, exploring issues of social responsibility and stressing the need to give back to the community as well as register short-term profits is useful. Sometimes social responsibility can yield long-term dividends, like Toyota's highly successful hybrid the Prius.

However, ultimately a company must remain in business if it is to do any kind of good at all: an insolvent company's policy on social responsibility is meaningless. Ultimately, for a…

" (Kotler and Lee 2005, p.3). Since this study was published, the contributions have steadily increased making CS an integral part of every major company today.

A report by Price Water Cooper House in 2010 shows that the CS initiatives and reporting has increased despite the sagging economy and this points to a positive change in the mindset of the management of companies. "PWC explains that such reports have become critical to a company's credibility, transparency and endurance." (Business & the Environment 2010, p.5). The reduced role of the Government in business circles is only going to further increase this trend because companies feel they have an obligation to the society at large and they want to make this country a better place for living. All this is done out of their own interest and initiative rather than any force by any external institution. Also, many companies understand the significance…

References

Associated Press. 2011, February 25. State and Local Budget Cuts are slowing the U.S. Economy. Fox News. [Online] Available at:  http://www.foxnews.com/us/2011/02/25/government-budget-cuts-pose-threat-recovery  / [Accessed 27 March 2011]

No Author. 2011. Political Conditions. United States Country Review. 1(5). pp29-258.

Kotler, Philip; Lee, Nancy. 2005. Corporate Social Responsibility: Doing the most good for your company and your cause. New York: John Wiley and Sons.

BSD Global. 2011. Corporate Social Responsibility. International Institute for Sustainable Development. [Online]. Available at:  http://www.iisd.org/business/issues/sr.aspx  [Accessed 27 March 2011]

This kind of competition can prove to be more effective than governmental regulations since firms are reluctant to follow government mandates.

Methodology:

Secondary research has been used as the main tool. Important journal articles, case studies and analyses have been included to understand the concept of CS and its use in gain competitive advantage.

ANALYSIS and DISCUSSION

Social responsibility is closely connected with concern for financial growth. According to this belief, firms seek to maximize their profits by investing in a healthy environment and other public good projects. The firms that have successfully attained the prestigious image of being socially responsible follow this ideology. These firms choose to be more socially conscious not because of any real intention of creating a healthier society but because their actions seem to influence buyer behavior in a positive manner. Companies are thus rapidly developing serious CS policies with exclusive departments dealing with this.…

References

Miller, H. "Businesses don't have social responsibilities; people do." The Miami Herald 21 July 2004.

The Good Company." The Economist. 22-28 Jan. 2005: 11.

Braungart, M; McDonough, W. Cradle to Cradle. New York: North Point Press, 2002.

Aaronson, S; Reeves, J. Corporate Responsibility in the Global Village: The Role of Public Policy. Washington, DC: National Policy Association, 2002.

Public elations (Corporate social responsibility)

The term 'Corporate Social esponsibility' refers to the social responsibility that a Company must honor towards the public, especially those people who have direct contact with and are therefore directly affected by the policies and actions of the company. The feeling that the social responsibility of multi-national companies are not of such standards that would satisfy the general public has lead to widespread protests and demonstrations against these companies at almost every free-trade meeting at the regional and national as well as the multi-national levels. The protests are also generally against worldwide globalization. Almost all major multinational companies are found lacking in their responsibilities towards the public. It is not at all sufficient for a company to satisfy its shareholders and investors and employees and the community in which they function from; in fact, these companies are expected to be aware of and take an…

References

CEO's Message" HP Standards of Business Conduct. Retrieved at  http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/globalcitizenship/csr/sbcbrochure.pdf . Accessed on 7 September, 2004

Corporate Social Responsibility" 2004. Retrieved at  http://www.takingitglobal.org/themes/csr/ . Accessed on 7 September, 2004

Corporate Social Responsibility" Retrieved at http://www.hp.com/hpinfo/globalcitizenship/csr/. Accessed on 7 September, 2004

Danng, Lyng. 2004. "Who is monitoring the multinational?" 17th May. Retrieved at http://www.vibewire.net/articles.php?id=2671Accessed on 7 September, 2004

Governmental CS policies do not only assist consumers or organizations, they assist both the consumer and the organization (The Impact of Government egulations on Corporate Social esponsibility - How Government Policies Shape CS, 2009).

It is often said that international environmental laws do not differ from one another. European environmental regulations are very similar to the U.S. environmental laws. The United States Environmental Protection Agency has set up a database that contains all of the contaminated lands in the U.S. This database includes existing and formerly contaminated lands. The European Union, especially France has also put into place databases to track existing and formerly contaminated lands within France. These efforts are there to protect the public from coming into contact with contaminated lands. International governmental environmental policies do not differ from one another in the fact that they all seek to protect the public and the organizations (The Impact of…

References

Emani, Gazelle. (2010). BP Oil Spill: 7 Secrets BP Doesn't Want You to Know. Retrieved July

19, 2010, from The Huffington Post Web site:

 http://www.huffingtonpost.com/2010/05/05/7-secrets-bp-doesnt-want_n_563102.html 

Freeland, Chrystia. (2010). What's BP's social responsibility? Retrieved July 19, 2010, from The

The Role of Interactive Social Media in Corporate Social Responsibility Communications

1. Summary

One of the most significant new marketing platforms to emerge in recent years has been social media in general and more recently, interactive social media. According to the definition provided by Chao and Parker (2014), social media in general are “a group of Internet-based applications that build on the ideological and technological foundations of Web 2.0, which allows the creation and exchange of user-generated content” (p. 323). By extension, interactive social media are defined as those platforms that feature ways for consumers to directly respond to Web-based content in the form of feedback, comments, testimonials, reviews or other online exchanges (Chao & Parker, 2014). The overarching focus of the proposed study concerns the role of interactive social media in corporate social responsibility (CSR) communications. This specific focus has assumed new importance and relevance as growing numbers of…

Organization

Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) refers to the relationship between a business and the society and how can both can benefit mutually through a joint partnership. Caroll (1991) suggests four different aspects to be a part of CS and they are economic, legal, ethical and philanthropic. The economic aspect is the basis on which the business is built while legal responsibilities are encoded in law. Ethical responsibilities include doing what is right and just and above everything, philanthropic responsibilities include being a good corporate citizen and doing something good to the society and environment that has nurtured the business.

In this discussion, the CS activities of two companies in the same sector are analyzed. The first company is Asia Pacific Breweries that owns the Tiger Beer brand of products and the second one is Carlton & United Breweries that manufactures the Victoria Bitter brand of beer. A close analysis reveals…

References

Brown, D., J. Dillard and R.S. Marshall. (2006) "Triple Bottom Line: A business metaphor for a social construct." Portland State University, School of Business Administration. Retrieved 28th September, 2010 from http://www.recercat.net/bitstream/2072/2223/1/UABDT06-2.pdf .

Caroll, Archie.B. (1991). The Pyramid of Corporate Social Responsibility: Toward the Moral Management of Organizational Stakeholders. Business Horizons. Retrieved 28th September, 2010 from http://w3.uniroma1.it/moscarini/materiale%20seminario/Carroll.pdf

Shoebridge, Neil. (2005). A Quiet Beer. BRW. Vol. 27 Issue 18, p65-65.

Antonia Magee.

CS in Saudi Firms

Corporate Social esponsibility

eferences to corporate social responsibility (CS) reportedly occurred numerous times before the 1950s, however, in regard to CS definitions, that particular decade birthed the "modern era." Carroll (1999) compliments the researcher's current study as it expands on the historical progression of CS definitions. According to Carrol, Bowen initially defined the social responsibilities of businessmen; explaining that the concept relates to the obligations businessmen have to pursue particular policies, to make deliberate desirable decisions, "or to follow those lines of action which are desirable in terms of the objectives and values of our society" (Bowen as cited in Carroll, p. 270). During the 1960s, the "Iron Law of esponsibility," held that "social responsibilities of businessmen need to be commensurate with their social power" (Davis, as cited in Carroll, p. 271). Davis and others during this decade, however, did not include specific details regarding the…

References

Baldo, M.D. (2009). Corporate social responsibility and corporate governance in Italian SMEs the experience of some spirited businesses. Journal Management Government.

DOI: 10.1007/s10997-009-9127-4

Carroll, A.B. (1999). Corporate social responsibility: Evolution of a definitional construct.

Business Society, 38; 268-295. DOI: 10.1177/000765039903800303

The activities of businesses affect different stakeholders within the communities they operate in. They affect customers, employees, shareholders, suppliers, financiers, regulatory authorities, and communities. Accordingly, in their pursuit of economic objectives, business organizations have a responsibility to satisfy the concerns of stakeholders affected by their operations. This is the core of corporate social responsibility (CSR). CSR theory asserts that business organizations exist for not only profit motives, but also social and environmental objectives (Schwartz, 2011). Indeed, CSR has become so that important governments in most countries around the world have enacted laws and regulations that businesses must adhere to so as to foster community wellbeing and environmental sustainability. Inattention to social and environmental concerns may harm an organization's public reputation or have serious legal ramifications on the organization.

WECAREHealth (WCH), a New Jersey-based pharmaceutical company, is facing serious human rights issues and environmental concerns due to its activities in the…

Disability as Diversity

People who are disabled very much face an uphill climb when it comes to surviving and thriving in the workplace. Indeed, the physical and/or mental challenges faced by the disabled are compounded by the way that organizations and the people therein react to them and that includes whether they are hired, what they are hired to do and how people treat the disabled employee upon hire. While much of the overall outlook is grim, a strong organizational culture that is installed and enforced properly via the following of social justice and similar principles can be a tool to make the disabled workers feel more welcome rather than as an outcast or someone that is not as worthy or capable.
Analysis

One seminal work on the matter noted in the introduction that shall be covered in-depth in this report is that of Spataro. When it comes to organizational…

Any business that pursues making a profit at the expense of the society in which it operates will find its success to be nothing more than temporary (Chapter 1: Corporate Social esponsibility and Business Sustainability, n.d.).

The idea of Corporate Social esponsibility (CS) is generally understood to imply that corporations have an amount of responsibility not only for the economic consequences of their activities, but also for the social and environmental implications. This is often called the triple bottom line approach. This approach takes into consideration the economic, social and environmental aspects of corporate activities. The meaning and value of CS often differs in various situations, depending on local issues including culture, environmental conditions, and the legal framework (Corporate Social esponsibility & Human ights, 2008).

Human rights are significant to the economic, social and environmental aspects of all corporate activity. Labor rights that require companies to pay fair wages influence…

References

A multi-dimensional view of corporate responsibility. (2010). Retrieved August 1, 2010, from CSR Quest Web site: http://www.csrquest.net/

Chapter 1: Corporate Social Responsibility and Business Sustainability. (n.d.). Retrieved August

1, 2010, from Web site:  http://www.unescap.org/tid/publication/indpub2565_chap1.pdf 

Corporate Social Responsibility. (2010). Retrieved August 1, 2010, from As you Sow Web site:

Ethical esponsibility of Corporate America

Many organizations strive to increase their profit margins by doing everything possible (including unethical practices) to increase their revenues. Nevertheless, the past three decades have seen some organizations embracing CS (Corporate Social responsibility). This idea has become significantly important to almost every organization that seeks to increase revenues. Corporate social responsibility is also referred to as community responsibility, stewardship, corporate sustainability, corporate responsibility, accountability and corporate ethics among others. In essence, CS enable organizations to bring in people and the environment into their decisions, strategies and plans (Anyango Ooko, 2014).

In this paper, the use of the term corporate social responsibility will mean a set of actions by enterprises that are geared towards meeting the legal, ethical, economic, and discretional responsibilities that the stakeholders expect them to fulfill. They should undertake the economic obligations of producing profits, and meeting the consumption requirements of the people;…

References

AnyangoOoko, G. (2014). The environmental factors that influence implementation of corporate social responsibility (CSR) in an organization. Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19(12): 95-102.

Castka, P., Bamber, C., Sharp, J. (2005). Implementing Effective Corporate Social Responsibility and Corporate Governance: A Framework. UK: British Standards Institution.

Daft, R. L., & Marcic, D. (2006). Understanding management. Mason, Ohio: Thomson/South-Western.

Pearce, J., Doh, J. (2005). The high impact of collaborative social initiatives. MIT Sloan Management Review, 46(3): 30-38.

P&G has recognized that there are three pillars needed to support its sustainable development strategy. These include environmental protection, economic development, and social responsibility (MacNealy, 2007).

Summary and Future esearch ecommendations

Procter and Gamble's commitment to sustainability has been shown by its development of new products. Product development is geared towards the preponderance of consumers who would like to improve sustainability outcomes without comprising value or quality. During 2008, Procter and Gamble was able to diminish packaging waste by changing many of their standard carton packaging to a fully recyclable seal tight plastic material packaging. This modification in packaging has resulted in an 80% decrease in the amount of packaging that is being used compared to carton packaging (Lloyd, 2009).

Environmental forces disclosed by Procter and Gamble have included water usage, energy usage, carbon emissions and total waste. The company has reported that energy use at its household care plant…

References

Corporate Social Responsibility. (2010).Retrieved August 15, 2010, from As you sow Web site:

http://www.asyousow.org/csr/

CSR Profile of Procter & Gamble. (2010). Retrieved August 15, 2010, from CSR Wire Web site:

 http://www.csrwire.com/members/profile/9169-Procter-Gamble