Demography Essays (Examples)

Residential Segregation

Since the peak in residential Black/hite segregation during the 1960s and 1970s, there has been a slow decline in the index of dissimilarity; however, this did not translate into an increase in interactions with different racial groups ("Residential Segregation" 15-19). By the 2010 Census, the average hite person still lives in a predominantly hite neighborhood and the average Black person lives in a predominately minority neighborhood. By comparison, the residential segregation experienced by Hispanics and Asians has remained relatively stable during the latter decades of the 20th century and during the first decade of the new millennium.

The two main competing models are "human ecology" and "socioeconomic status" ("Residential Segregation" 47). The human ecology model proposes that segregation is created by trends in migration and new housing starts, institutionalized discrimination, population growth, an urban center's size and age, and the demographics specific to a region. By comparison, ilson…

Works Cited

Farley, Reynolds and Frey, William H. "Changes in the Segregation of Whites from Blacks during the 1980s: Small Steps Toward a more Integrated Society." American Sociological Review 59.1 (1994): 23-45. Print.

"Farmville: Film Description." POV, American Documentary, Inc. (2009). Web.

Hirschman, Charles. "Immigration and the American Century." Demography, 42.4 (2005): 595-620.

Logan, John R., Stults, Brian J., and Farley, Reynolds. "Segregation of Minorities in the Metropolis: Two Decades of Change." Demography 41.1 (2004): 1-22. Print.

2005, the British publication, The Economist, published an article regarding immigration and the parties who benefit from it. At the time, a decade ago, Prime Minister Tony Blair failed in his attempt to rally support against illegal immigration throughout the European Union (EU). Countries across the continent experienced intense political division regarding this issue. Those who favored politics argued for illegal immigration to cease; those who prioritized economics supported immigration, legal or otherwise. The article explains that to ease tensions within the British government, Blair proposed official supporting of legal immigration and the intensification of stopping illegal immigration. Blair ensured that the administration and bureaucracy regarding legal immigration was streamlined. The article then proceeds to question which parties in society benefit from immigration and how.

Immigration, from the perspective of The Economist is an occurrence that should be calculated, regulated, and firmly enforced. The article questions who benefits from immigration;…

References:

Hirschman, C. (2005). Immigration and the American Century. Demography, 42(4), 595 -- 620.

The Economist. (2002). Britain: Who gains from immigration?; Immigration. The Economist, 363(8279), 30.

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Student last name

American Policing

As one would expect, the police are aggressive, noticeable and thespian. It is easy for them to happen to be the objects and representatives of order, jeopardy, and inscrutability. They not only mark the boundaries of an urbane organization and regulation but also are the boundary markers themselves. They have vast authority over the legal resources including lethal and nonlethal weapons, specialized vehicles, adequate personnel etc. (Manning, 2008). In American society, the most significant revolution taking place in policing today is possibly associated with information technology. A majority of the police agencies are using the Internet to transmit information to the public. They are also making use of cell phones to be in touch with others while in the field. Moreover, mobile computers are also being used in order to retrieve information straight away. Nevertheless, it is crystal clear that this is just the beginning. The information technology…

References

Grant, H.B., & Terry, K.J. (2008). Law Enforcement in the 21st Century. (2 ed.). Allyn & Bacon. Print.

Johns, C. (n.d.). Police Use of Less-Than-Lethal Weapons. Retrieved May 24, 2012 from  http://www.cjjohns.com/lawpowerandjustice/commentaries/llethal.html 

Johnson, C.P. (2000). Crime Mapping and Analysis Using GIS. Retrieved May 23, 2012 from  http://www.cdac.in/html/pdf/geom4.pdf 

Manning, P.K. (2008). The Technology of Policing: Crime Mapping, Information Technology, and the Rationality of Crime Control. New York: New York University Press. Retrieved May 23, 2012, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=118077707

Moreover, multiculturalism is alive and well in Canada today; to wit, foreign-born Canadian citizens are "over-represented in the fields of mathematics and physical science, the health professions, sciences and technologies," Thompson concludes, as well as in the fields of engineering and applied sciences.

orks Cited

Boyd, Monica. 1976. Immigration Policies and Trends: A Comparison of Canada and the United States. Demography 13 (1): 83-104.

Canadian Council for Refugees. 2001. A hundred years of immigration to Canada 1900-1999:

chronology focusing on refugees and discrimination. Retrieved March 20, 2007 at http://www.web.net/~ccr/history.html.

CIC Canada. 2001. The Role of Transportation in Canadian Immigration 1900-2000. Retrieved March 20, 2007 at http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/transport/chap-3b.html.

Patrias, Carmela. 2000. The Making of the Mosaic: A History of Canadian Immigration Policy

By Ninette Kelley; Michael Trebilcock. The American Historical Review 105 (2): 532-533.

The Canadian Encyclopedia. 2003. Immigration. Retrieved march 20, 2007 at http://www.thecanadianencyclopedia.com.

Thompson, John Herd; & einfeld, Morton. 1995.…

Works Cited

Boyd, Monica. 1976. Immigration Policies and Trends: A Comparison of Canada and the United States. Demography 13 (1): 83-104.

Canadian Council for Refugees. 2001. A hundred years of immigration to Canada 1900-1999:

chronology focusing on refugees and discrimination. Retrieved March 20, 2007 at  http://www.web.net/~ccr/history.html .

CIC Canada. 2001. The Role of Transportation in Canadian Immigration 1900-2000. Retrieved March 20, 2007 at  http://www.cic.gc.ca/english/department/transport/chap-3b.html .

San Diego is a beautiful place, and as I increase in affluence, I could even consider buying beach-front property.

The libraries I read about seem very nice. I look forward to reading and walking on the beaches. If the city web site is any indication, San Diego is a place that will make it easy for me to get my work out of the way and spend more of my time relaxing. The web site also has a section decided to city employment, which means that I have a starting point to look for a job.

orks Cited

City of San Diego Official ebsite." 2 Nov. 2006 http://www.sandiego.gov/.

Personal Positioning Statement

Step 1: Define Research Purpose

The purpose of this project is to use the research and exploration I have done this far to form a personal positional statement that I can use for job interviews or cover letters.

Step…

Works Cited

City of San Diego Official Website." 2 Nov. 2006  http://www.sandiego.gov/ .

Personal Positioning Statement

Step 1: Define Research Purpose

The purpose of this project is to use the research and exploration I have done this far to form a personal positional statement that I can use for job interviews or cover letters.

Presence of minority groups at a workplace

At work places, individuals are being discriminated on the basis of being a minority. Structural theory states clearly there is always a consequence for being the minority. This theory is in relation to three known token dynamics which include; it leads to contrast effect that leads to social isolation, it has the element of visibility that results to performance pressure and it also results to stereotyping or role encapsulation (Bell, 2007). Discrimination may be as a result of the individual (from the minority group) being scrutinized to find out whether he/she is capable to excel in whatever he/she is doing. From this theory, an individual whom the public does not associate his/her presence with a certain kind of work is more doubted than a person whom they have faith that he/she can handle the work. For example, a woman with mechanic skills can…

References

Alon, S., & Haberfeld, Y. (2007). Labor force attachment and the evolving wage gap between White, Black, and Hispanic young women. Work and Occupations, 34, 369-398.

Byron, R.A. (2010). Discrimination, Complexity, and the Public/Private Sector Question. Work and Occupations, 37(4), 435-475. doi: 10.1177/0730888410380152

Bell, M.P. (2007). Diversity in organizations. Arlington: South-Western Cenage Learning.

Couch, K.A., & Fairlie, R. (2010). Last hired, first fired? Black-White unemployment and the business cycle. Demography, 47, 227-247.

Manning (1993) undertook one of the early researches on the question of whether cohabitating and non-cohabitating single women have equal tendencies towards marriage prior to childbirth. In addition, Manning also looks for differences between black and white women, as well as socioeconomic status. Her research finds that for Caucasian women in their twenties, those who cohabitate with their mates are more likely to get married prior to childbirth. This statistical relationship was not observed among African-American women in the same age group.

This research therefore suggests that cohabitation carries different meanings for the two groups, an issue which may be of interest to symbolic interactionists. For African-Americans, cohabitation and childrearing were deemed more acceptable. In contrast, Caucasian women were more likely to consider cohabitation a stage in the marriage process.

esearch is still being conducted regarding the effects of cohabitation unions on children, especially since statistics show that at least…

References

Amato, P., D. Johnson, a. Booth, S. Rogers. 2003. "Continuity and change in marital quality between 1980 and 2000." Journal of Marriage and Family. Vol.65, Iss. 1

Bumpass, LL and H. Lu. 1999. Trends in cohabitation and implications for children's family contexts in the U.S. CDE Work Paper No. 98-15. Center for Demography Ecology, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

Caspar, LM and PN Cohen. 2000. "How does POSSLQ measure up? Historical estimates of cohabitation." Demography. 2000.

Eggebeen, D. 2005. "Cohabitation and Exchanges of Support." Social Forces. Vol.83, Iss. 3

Change

This study analyzes outsourcing trends in the next decade. The study assesses this by focusing on the past and current trends, problems and issues in outsourcing via semi-structured interviews. Major trends and processes will be revealed and assessed for their relevancy, depth and breadth.

Companies belonging to most industries are very much considered to be the units that are vertically integrated, or so-called usual industrial firms (Stigler, 1951), where activities in all links in value chain have been internally conducted. For example, gasoline of its own is delivered by 7-Eleven and it is also used to make ice and candy, also it had cows for producing milk which it previously used to sell (Gottfredson et al., 2005). At present, it is not delivering gasoline and ice or candy is not being made by it neither does it posses any cows. Contrarily, IBM used to make the computers containing their…

References

Adams, R.J., 2002. Retail pro-tability and sweatshops: a global dilemma. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services 9, 147-153.

Alexander, C., 1964. Notes on the Synthesis of Form. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.

Alexander, M., Young, D., 1996b. Outsourcing: where is the value? Long-Range Planning 29 (5), 728-730.

Ashkenas, R., Ulrich, D., Jick, T., Kerr, S., 1995. The Boundaryless Organization. Breaking the Chains of Organizational Structure. Jossey-Bass Publishers, San Francisco.

Marriage, Divorce and Family Functions

Define the Institute of Marriage and identify the important cultural functions

Marriage encompasses a broad definition of the interpersonal unions established between partners granting them familial bond based on legal, social, and religious grounds. Further, marriage grants partners mutual conjugal rights. The family as a social unit functions to ensure the cooperation of its members based on aspects of child rearing and managing reproduction. Cultures endeavor to dictate the marriage patterns among other aspects. Cultures define the types of marriages such as monogamy, polygamy, and polyandry. On the economical aspect, cultures dictate dowry, bride wealth, and service.

Limitations

Different societies have set different limitations on marriage. For example, some societies practice polygamy, especially African cultures whereas Westerners shun it and prefer monogamy. In the U.S., partners cannot enter into a new marriage arrangement without coming to a close on the previous one.

Love and marriage…

References

Brown, S. & Lin, I. (2012).The Gray Divorce Revolution: Rising Divorce Among Middle-Aged and Older Adults, 1990-2010 The Journals of Gerontology doi: 10.1093/geronb/gbs089

Kennedy, S. & Ruggles, S. (2014). Breaking Up Is Hard to Count: The Rise of Divorce in the United States, 1980-2010. Demography. 51:587-598. DOI 10.1007/s13524-013-0270-9

Tach, M. L. & Eads, A. (2015). Trends in the Economic Consequences of Marital and Cohabitation Dissolution in the United States. Demography. 52:401-432. DOI 10.1007/s13524-015-0374-5

Vespa, J. & Painter II, A. (2011). Cohabitation History, Marriage, and Wealth Accumulation. Demography. 48:983-1004. DOI 10.1007/s13524-011-0043-2

Human Potential

"Nothing endures but change."

Heraclitus

Developing Human Development

The "learning organization" is without a template. Writers have tried to give it an ideal form or a template in "which real organizations could attempt to emulate." (Easterby-Smith & Araujo 1999). The learning organization, however, can be best characterized by saying that it's an organization where both individual and collective learning are crucial. Donald Schon has come up with a theoretical framework associating the experience of living in a situation of an increasing change with the need for learning. He states:

The loss of the stable state means that our society and all of its institutions are in continuous processes of transformation. We cannot expect new stable states that will endure for our own lifetimes. We must learn to understand, guide, influence and manage these transformations. We must make the capacity for undertaking them integral to ourselves and to our…

References

Barger, Nancy. 1995. The Challenge of Change in Organizations: Helping Employees

Thrive in the New Frontier. 1st Intercultural Press, Boston.

Castells, M. 2001. "Information Technology and Global Capitalism" in W. Hutton and A.

Giddens (eds). On the Edge: Living with Global Capitalism. Vintage, London.

If the question is left unaddressed, this would result in increasing dissatisfaction among customers and staff, and a possible loss of library patrons.

Another strategic issues is the shift to the central purchasing of books. This policy entailed the decision to move the book buying capability to the Service Center in order to implement the goal of a more in-depth and sophisticated level of collections. This was implemented without consulting with the branch managers, who were directly affected by the decision. From the viewpoint of patrons, this new policy would indeed create a better selection of materials to better serve their needs by means of greater diversity and avoiding duplication. However, this created a large amount of resentment among librarians, who regarded this duty as one of their favorite responsibilities that directly utilized their skills as librarians.

If left unaddressed, this issue could severely impact the job satisfaction of librarians,…

**These sections must be completed by the student / author:

**Method

TBD

**Expected outcomes of the project

TBD

**Budget and schedule

TBD

eferences

ADL, staff 2010, the United Nations General Assembly: Key Issues for 2010 Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations . 09-20, 2010. http://www.adl.org/main_International_Affairs/UNGA_2010.htm (accessed 12 5, 2010).

Best, a, Jussi H, Maioloand, J & Schulze, K 2004, International History of the Twentieth Century, outledge, London.

Chesler, P 2003, the New Anti-Semitism: The Current Crisis and What We Must Do About it, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Cohen, J 2009, 'The accusation of Anti-semitism as moral blackmail: conservative Jews in France and the Israel-palestinian conflict.' Human Architecture, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 23+.

Cravatts, 2010, Blaming the victim for Palestinian anti-Semitism. 09-16, 2010.

http://www.canadafreepress.com/index.php/article/27746 (accessed 12-10, 2010).

-- . BLAMING the VICTIM: THE TUTH ABOUT PALESTINIAN ANTI-SEMITISM. 09-28, 2010. http://www.jewishpress.com/pageroute.do/45397 (accessed 12 5, 2010).

Dershowitz, a 2003, the Case for Israel, Wiley, Hoboken, NJ.

Foxman,…

References

ADL, staff 2010, the United Nations General Assembly: Key Issues for 2010 Israeli-Palestinian Negotiations . 09-20, 2010.  http://www.adl.org/main_International_Affairs/UNGA_2010.htm  (accessed 12 5, 2010).

Best, a, Jussi H, Maioloand, J & Schulze, K 2004, International History of the Twentieth Century, Routledge, London.

Chesler, P 2003, the New Anti-Semitism: The Current Crisis and What We Must Do About it, Jossey-Bass, San Francisco.

Cohen, J 2009, 'The accusation of Anti-semitism as moral blackmail: conservative Jews in France and the Israel-palestinian conflict.' Human Architecture, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 23+.

Target Group and their Local Government

To determine the actual effects of diabetes on the indigenous population, you must examine the areas where many of these individuals live. This will provide insights as to possible issues that could be contributing to the problem by: examining the policies of the local government, looking at relevant health statistics, determining fruit / vegetable consumption and looking at the different support services / infrastructure. These different elements are important, because they provide insights about how the local community could be contributing to the problem. If you can see how these factors are affecting a particular community, then the government can begin to design intervention strategies to reduce the overall effects. Once this takes place, is when you can see how this demographic of 25 to 64-year-olds can be effectively targeted for an intervention.

A description of the Local Government and relevant socio-demographic characteristics of…

Bibliography

Aborigonal Health, 2010, MMHR, viewed 16 August 2010

Age Structure, 2009, City of Onkaparinga, viewed 17 August 2010

Australia's Health, 2008, AIHW viewed 15 August 2010,

Chronic Conditions, 2009, City of Onkaparinga, viewed 17 August 2010

However, bowel movements were more frequent during the high-fiber than during the control diet." (Nutrition Research Newsletter, 2002)

The work of Ruixing, et al. (2007) entitled: "Comparison of Demography, Diet, Lifestyle, and Serum Lipid Levels between the Guangxi ai Ku Yao and Han Populations" states that dyslipidemia is a condition "...in which there is an abnormal lipid or lipoprotein concentration. It is well-known that dyslipidemia is determined by genetic, demographic, and lifestyle factors." (Ruixing, et al., 2007)

It is reported that "...High levels of plasma total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TGs), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and apolipoprotein (apo) and low levels of high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) are correlated with the progression of atherosclerosis and a higher incidence of coronary artery disease (CHD). To prevent the development of these diseases, a great deal of research has been focused on determining the relationship between these lipid phenotypes and dietary intake and…

Bibliography

Ballesteros, Martha N. (2001) Dietary Fiber and Lifestyle Influence Serum Lipids in Free Living Adult Men. Journal of the American College of Nutrition. Vol. 20, No. 6. 2001. Online available at:  http://www.jacn.org/cgi/content/full/20/6/649 

Cater, Nilo B. And Garg, Abhimanyu (2007) The effect of dietary intervention on serum lipid levels in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Journal of Current Diabetes Reports. Vol. 2 No. 3 May 2002.

Dietary Fiber Health Claims and Serum Lipids -- Cardiovascular Disease (2002) Nutrition Research Newsletter, June 2002. Online available at:  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0887/is_6_21/ai_87852135/ 

Gangi, Vijay and Kuo, Jennifer (2008) Serum Lipid Responses to Psyllium Fiber: Differences Between Pre and Post-Menopausal, Hypercholesterolemic Women. Nutrition Journal 2008. Vol. 7, Issue 22. 26 Aug 2008.

Over its years of existence, the company has also created a large network for distribution, while building consumer trust in the process.

One of the weaknesses of the company is created by its competition with another significant brand, Clinic All Clear, whose creative campaign has put it in a favorable position as compared with Head & Shoulders. In countries like India, the product's popularity is lower in rural areas.

In terms of opportunities, the company has great potential to develop not only into untapped markets, but also in terms of product development and differentiation. Consumer loyalty towards this brand provides a good platform for future product development opportunities. Because of higher consumer awareness, there has also been a higher investment in shampoo research, providing an opportunity for further product development.

Threats include a high level of competition in the shampoo market across the world, and particularly in terms of anti-dandruff…

References

Dasgupta, S. (2011). Head and Shoulders. Retrieved from:  http://www.slideshare.net/november2nd.1984/head-shoulders 

Gold, G. (2011). Head & Shoulders Launches New Scalp Solution Shampoo Collections. StyleList. Retrieved from:

Leadership

Award Speech

Welcome to the 21st Century, my friends. This is your century of reward and your day of awards. The Eagle Award, established in 2001, is organized and sponsored by Transcoast London Ltd. It aims to create, or rather -- to recognize -- the astounding role models and leaders like yourselves. As leaders you are important, for others may feel inspired by your achievements. The word "inspired" is an important one, because it is further defined as "in-spirited." What controls our lives are the meanings we associate with things in our lives, which are shaped by our own personal psychology, our world view, and the beliefs and values that we have created. You, as role models and leaders, have a unique spirit in you, and "inspiring" spirit, and that what makes you leaders is that this spirit touches others and gives that spirit to them. You have added…

Forty years ago, when ALPA still championed the rights of all pilots to remain employed, former ALPA president Clarence Sayen challenged FAA Administrator Elwood Quesada to justify his hasty decision to enact the Rule. Quesada responded with 41 highly questionable articles culled from the medical archives of the 1950's, the majority of these having been published decades earlier. In addition to being astonishingly outdated, these articles described characteristics of the general population and not of airline pilots.

Medical evidence was therefore manipulated. A closer examination of the "facts" would have revealed that there was much that was not applicable to the situation at hand. And if these data were years out of date more than two generations ago, one can only imagine that the picture that they present is even more inaccurate today than it was in 1959. In countless other fields, 60-year-old men and women pursue their careers without…

Works Cited

Agarwal, Naresh C., and Michael G. Degroote. "Retirement of Older Workers: Issues and Policies." Human Resource Planning 21.1 (1998): 42+.

Flight Safety Digest, Special Issue, p. 202. (Flight Safety Foundation, June-August 1999).

Gibbons, Jim. "Gibbons Tells Congressional Committee to Abolish Arbitrary FAA Retirement Age: Nevadan Calls Current Federal Rule, 'Blatant Age Discrimination.'" Press Release, (United States Congress, Washington D.C., 12 March, 2003).

Gokhale, Jagadeesh. "Mandatory Retirement Age Rules: Is it Time to Re-evaluate?" Statement of Senior Fellow of the Cato Institute before the United States Senate Special Committee on Aging. (Washington D.C. 20510, 9 September 2004).

So, although the reverse of these characteristic is not indicative of depression, their expression within the context of grief suggests the lack of clinical depression.

ith the fundamentals of depression outlined, it is reasonable to wonder why such symptoms and behaviors manifest themselves in certain people and why they do not in others. Many different researchers coming from many different scientific backgrounds -- from psychology to biochemistry -- have investigated the fundamentals of depression, and each have constructed models as to what its underlying causes are. Each of these investigations has attempted to explain the causes and symptoms of depression and has offered treatment possibilities.

The psychological models of depression have focused their attention on failed early attachment, inability to obtain desired rewards, impaired social relations, and distorted thinking." This approach to depression has yielded some valuable information regarding the disorder; yet, much of the results make it unclear as…

Works Cited

Ainsworth, Patricia M.D. Understanding Depression. Jackson: University of Mississippi Press, 2000.

American Medical Association. Essential Guide to Depression. New York: Pocket Books, 1998.

Cherlin, Andrew J. "Going to Extremes: Family Structure, Children's Well-Being, and Social Science." Demography, Vol. 36, Nov. 1999. Pages 421-28.

Copeland, Mary Ellen M.S., M.A. The Depression Workbook: Second Edition. Oakland: New Harbinger Publications, 2001.

arriers Female Educators Experience With Regard to Promotion Positions in Management and Leadership

Gender-ased Employment iases in Educational Fields:

An Examination of the arriers Experienced by Female Educators with Regard to Promotion and Management Positions in Education

While the plight for gender-equitable workplace has long been thought to have a potential solve within the halls of academia, the disparate employment equation between men and women has long been under-observed. The feminist's battle cry for equality rallied the forces around professional gender streamlining, and in the face of affirmative action for races, the professional inequality across genders gained widespread attention in the second half of the last century. Much of the increased discourse was cemented by the Title IX legislation, passed in 1972 and cementing the importance of gender balance in academic fields.

Title IX most notably prohibited sexual discrimination in education for students, but its legal boundaries included educators and…

Bibliography

American Educational Research Association. 2005 Annual Meeting: Demography and Democracy in the Era of Accountability. Washington, D.C.: AERA, 2005.

American Educational Research Association. Complementary Methods for Research Education. Second Ed. Washington, D.C.: AERA, 2005.

American Educational Research Association. From Research Findings to Policy Advice: A Guide for AERA Members. Second Ed. Washington, D.C.: AERA, 2001.

Bailey and Campbell, S.M. And P.B. "Gender Equity: The Unexamined Basic of School Reform." Stanford Law and Policy Review. Volume 5. (Winter, 1992.) p. 73-86.

America

Grade Level:

Social Studies

This activity is intended to focus on developing critical thinking, research, reading and writing skills in Students by making students motivated about learning necessary facts about United States, its demographics, history and distinctive attributes of U.S.

Education Standards Addressed

This particular lesson plan adheres to the Education Standard of United States (Teaching standards of the respective states)

Enable students to develop report writing skills by following a given template.

Enable students to develop and demonstrate their understanding regir undertsanding e elop report writing skills by fts about United States, its demographics arding overall geography of the states, its history, important places of tourists interests, structure of the government, general economy, and demography

Enable the students to understand the report making process and develop reports using electronic tools such word processor and other softwares. The activity will also focus on developing graphs and necessary tables as…

Resources

Props will be required for role playing. Available at the School.

Activity

1) Comprehension of seceding states and the possible reasons behind these actions. Seceding states will be removed progressively from the board.

2) Students will be divided into two groups representing Union and Confederacy. They will select their leaders, design and make their own flags, slogans, other recruitment posters.

Government Accounting Office in America (GAO)

This is an examination of the Government Accounting Office in America. The writer discusses the history, purpose and background of the GAO as well as the duties that the office is charged with performing. The writer then analyzes literature that illustrates the office in action. The final discussion revolves around the question, "Is the office effective or is it a waste of money." There were four sources used to complete this paper.

During the last few years there has been a public outcry and demand to investigate government spending. The public was brought stories by the media about the government paying thousands of dollars for toilet seats, and spending hundreds of dollars on a screwdriver and other such tools. When the reports began to surface about wasted government spending the public became angry. Lobbyists across the nation began to demand an accounting of not…

Bibliography for a listing of non-GAO publications.) It should be noted that, as with any effort to put current events into historical context, alternative interpretations are possible. Often debated are the intent and motivation of the framers of the Constitution who created the census. In this report, we have quoted the Constitution and various laws relating to the decennial census and have attempted to place their language in an historical context. We are not, however, providing our own independent review or interpretation of the constitutional and statutory issues discussed in this report, which, unless otherwise noted, are based primarily on the analysis contained in the various publications and documents we relied upon in preparing this report.

Short answers to some frequently asked questions about the decennial census are in appendix 1. Appendix 11 contains information on changes in the apportionment of the membership of the House of Representatives between the 1920 and 1990 Decennial Censuses by region of country and on changes in the nation's population and its undercount by race and ethnicity between the 1950 and 1990 censuses, as well as a snapshot of the growth and cost of census-taking since the first decennial census in 1790. Major contributors to this report are identified in appendix III.

L. Nye Stevens Director, Federal Management and Workforce Issues

Chapter 1

Why Take the Census?

Strategic Management of a Healthcare Facility in St. Louis

In the late 1800's and early 1900's St. Louis was a major center for automotive and other heavy manufacturing but the industrial restructuring of the Midwest during the latter half of the century has resulted in consistent economic decline of the St. Louis region. Today however as the rest of the country faces a slowing economy this region is showing new signs of growth. [Kotkin, 2002] Due to changing socio-demographics, the demand for health care and advanced medical technologies is growing consistently with a concomitant rise in health expenditure. [Zhou 2001] Health expenditure in the U.S. has risen from 7.4% of the GNP in 1970 to 15% of the GNP in 1995.[Zhou, 2001] The Health care sector deals with not only the clinical medical services, but also include methods which finance them, for e.g. insurance, benefit schemes, Medicare and Medicaid. eforms…

References:

1. Kotkin, J, 2002 St. Louis: On the Way to Somewhere? Rebuz Inc.

2. Author not available, 1997, Economic Report of the President. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C. [accessed on 4/4/03]:  http://www.umsl.edu/services/govdocs/erp/1997/chap3.htm 

3.Author not available, 1996, Focus... Non-Elderly Missourians without Health Insurance, March 1996, Vol. 30, No. 1 [accessed on 4/4/03]: http://www.dhss.state.mo.us/MonthlyVitalStatistics/March96Vol30No1.html

4. Author not available, January 1999, Focus... Managed Care (MC+) in Medicaid Population, January 1999 Vol. 32, No. 11[accessed on 4/4/03] at http://www.dhss.state.mo.us/MonthlyVitalStatistics/Jan99Vol32No11.html

Homosexual Parenting

Literature Review on homosexual parenting

For a period extending back to the last twenty years, the number of households headed by same-sex parents in the United States has subtly increased. According to a unanimous agreement in the U.S. In 2010, the number of same-sex couples who stay together was estimated to be 646,464, out of which 514,735 were unmarried couples of the same sex while 131,729 were married couples of similar sex. In another survey carried out in the U.S. In 2000, it was established that almost 163,879 households had children although they were headed by similar sex couples. With about 33% of households belonging to similar sex females, it was found out that bisexual or Lesbians had higher chances of being parents as compared to isexual or gays who accounted for just 22% although these male couples had at least a child below the age of 18…

Bibliography

Aist J.R. (2014). Homosexual vs. Heterosexual Parenting: Is There Really "No Difference"? Retrieved from

Allen, D. (2013). High school graduation rates among children of same-sex households. Review of Economics of the Household 11:635-658.

Allen, D.W. Pakaluk C. & Price J. (2013). Nontraditional Families and Childhood Progress through School: A Comment on Rosenfeld. Demography 50(3), 955-961.

Crouse J.S. (2014). What About That Australian Study About Same-Sex Parenting? Gay parents give themselves good ratings. The American spectator retrieved from

Saudi Arabia there are a large number of nurses from other nations as the demand in the country for nurses is higher than the supply that the country has. This is not a strange situation as there is a shortage of nurses all over the world and retention rates of nurses are not high (Almalki, et al., 2011). This situation has also been created by the increase in the population which has required that the Saudi health care system accommodate increased numbers. This has brought about the need to handle the recruitment of nurses and their subsequent retention in better ways (Almalki et al., 2011). There is a serious need for better strategies to handle nurse recruitment and retention because where the retention is low, and nurses are fewer, more patients are lost and the failure in terms of rescue rates is higher (Needleman, et al., 2011). Where there are…

References

Al-Aameri, A. S. (2000). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment for nurses. Saudi Medical Journal, 21(6), 531-5

Al-Dossary, R., Vail, J., & Macfarlane, F. (2012). Job satisfaction of nurses in a Saudi Arabian university teaching hospital: A cross-sectional study. International Nursing Review, 59(3), 424-430

Alasmari, H. A. M., & Douglas, C. (2012). Job satisfaction and intention to leave among critical care nurses in Saudi Arabia. Middle East Journal of Nursing, 6(4), 3-12.

Almalki, M., Fitzgerald, G., & Clark, M. (2011). The nursing profession in Saudi Arabia: An overview. International Nursing Review, 58, 304-11.

H in Healthcare

Over time, everything changes. This is truer of some things as compared to others and healthcare is certainly one of those things. Indeed, the last ten years has marked some major changes for healthcare. Among other things, technology has significantly advanced, the Affordable Care Act has been passed and the financial workings of healthcare have become more and more complex and worrisome to many people. This report will discuss a theoretical clinic that will be set up in a rural setting. The overall factors and points that will be covered will include change in demography, change in disease, change in societal norms/values, changes in healthcare technology, financial pressures that are rendered upon healthcare professionals and cultural awareness/cultural diversity in work environments. While some things in healthcare and human resources have remained unchanged over the years, there are other things that changed significantly.

Analysis

There have been some…

References

Burton, H., & Walters, L. (2013). Access to Medicare-funded annual comprehensive health assessments for rural people with intellectual disability. Rural & Remote Health, 13(3), 1-

15 15p.

Fleming, B. D., Thomas, S. E., Shaw, D., Burnham, W. S., & Charles, L. T. (2015). Improving

Ethnocultural Empathy in Healthcare Students through a Targeted Intervention. Journal Of Cultural Diversity, 22(2), 59-63 5p.

Expectations of Advisory Program

Validity threats

Foundation supporting this study design

Explain How Statement Meets the Criteria

Greenlee, B. J. (2010). School advisory council demography: Birds of a feather. Planning and changing, 41(1/2), 3-17

Adolescence is believed to be a stage in which people form their identity as well as develop the skills required for one to be academically successful. Benson &Poliner (2013) state that the failure of schools in involving most students due to their failure to meet 4 fundamental students needs: to love and belong, to enjoy themselves, have freedom and gain power. Thus, advisory programs are important for ensuring every student has a close relationship with a trustworthy adult that they can run to when they are having personal and academic issues (Knowles & Brown, 2000). This research is about advisory programs, how they enhance and analyze the association with academic improvement as well as the positive…

References

Arnold, J. (1991). The revolution in middle school organization.Momentum, 22(2), 20-25.

Barker, H. B., Basile, C. G., & Olson, F. J. (2005). Teachers as advisors: Fostering active citizens in schools. Kappa Delta Pi Record, 41(4), 167-171.

Beane, J., &Lipka, R. (1987).When kids come first: Enhancing self-esteem. Columbus, OH: National Middle School Association.

Benson, J., &Poliner, R. E. (2013).Designing advisories.Educational Leardership, 50-55. Retrieved from http://www.educationalleadership

Saleena, M.

2 Mavoothu, D.

Etc.

Year of publication:2015

Volume, Issue, Pages:9(3), 38-52

Effects of Career Orientation On Intrapersonal Issues of e-Entry Women and Their Career Penalty

Title of Journal Publication: Global Management eview

Identify at least three key issues, concepts (ideas), propositions or theories that have been discussed in the literature review. How have these issues informed or influenced the current paper and its research questions? (Paraphrase -- i.e., use your own words)

Intrapersonal e-entry issues: More often than not, intrapersonal re-entry issues are deemed as insufficiencies and paucities that are present within re-entering women. This issue has influenced the prevailing paper and its research questions as the research study attempts to examine the link between career penalty and intrapersonal problems of re-entry. In particular, aspects such as stress, loss of self-esteem, guilt as well as conflict are perceived as vital interpersonal issues experienced by re-entering women (Kok and…

References (Using Harvard referencing style)

Aisenbrey, S., Evertsson, M. and Grunow, D., 2009. Is there a career penalty for mothers' time out? A comparison of Germany, Sweden and the United States. Social Forces, 88(2), pp.573-605.

Arun, S.V., Arun, T.G. and Borooah, V.K., 2004. The effect of career breaks on the working lives of women. Feminist Economics, 10(1), pp.65-84.

Gangl, M. and Ziefle, A., 2009. Motherhood, labor force behavior, and women's careers: An empirical assessment of the wage penalty for motherhood in Britain, Germany, and the United States. Demography, 46(2), pp.341-369.

Judge, T.A. and Livingston, B.A., 2008. Is the gap more than gender? A longitudinal analysis of gender, gender role orientation, and earnings. Journal of applied psychology, 93(5), p.994.

India, as we saw earlier, as many strengts. Tese strengts ave caused many analysts to lump te country in wit te so-called BRIC nations -- Brazil, Russia, India, Cina -- wic are expected to become key global players. Tis puts India in a position to benefit from international trade and investment. (2)

One way in wic India stands to gain is similar to te ways in wic foreign multi-national's ave gained by te country being open to foreign investments. India as te ability to build plants and industry on a global scale, but it must develop a blue print for ow different industries can acieve productivity and efficiency comparable to te advanced countries. Indians makeup 16.7% of te world's population, despite tat it encompasses just 2.0% of te world's land area. Terefore, tere is a pressing need for India to develop long-range sustainability programs so as to best manage natural…

http://www.globalresearch.ca/index.php?context=va&aid=18305 

 http://economics.about.com/od/globalizationtrade/l/aaglobalization.htm 

 http://blogs.smeal.psu.edu/businesscasual/2010/03/17/globalization-of-business-in-india/

Large number of respondents will require large number of questionnaires to be given to the individuals and this would have high financial implications.

1.9

Delimitations

Due to the problem of fear of the information that if the Facebook members disclose will be used against them in future, I intend to guarantee them anonymity on any information given and confidentiality by ensuring no names or sensitive information is required in the questionnaires. On the time constraint, the questionnaires will be designed so that it takes small amount of time with few open ended questions. On the financial, the samples taken will be done randomly so that even if it's quite small compared to the whole Facebook membership, it will be representative.

CHAPTER TWO

BACKGROUND

2.1

Literature review

2.1.1

Introduction

Social networking is considered the as the manner of communication in the 21st century. It refers to the individuals grouping into groups…

New scholarship suggests that Byzantine Empire was as successful as was ome in shaping modern Europe (Angelov, 2001).

Islamic Golden Age

The Islamic Golden Age (also called the Caliphate of Islam or the Islamic enaissance) was a center of government and political, cultural and religious traditions that arose in the early 6th century AD from the teachings of the Prophet Mohammed and reached its height between the 8th to 13th centuries (Kraemer, 1992). The Golden Age was centered around the Saudi Arabian peninsula. Its first capital was Media; at its greatest extent, the Caliphate controlled all of the present day Middle East, northern Africa and parts of Spain, and extending to the Indus Valley. It was thus one of the few empires that rules over three continents (Kennedy, 2001).

After the end of the classical empires of the Middle East (such as Egypt and Assyria) the region was politically and…

REFERENCES

thinkquest.org. (1999). Retrieved March 27, 2010, from SPQR Online: http://library.thinkquest.org/26602/government.htm

Islam and Islamic History in Arabia and the Middle East. (2001). Retrieved March 28, 2010, from islamcity.com:  http://www.islamicity.com/mosque/ihame/Sec12.htm 

The European Voyages of Exploration. (2001). Retrieved April 5, 2010, from the Applied History Research Group:  http://www.ucalgary.ca/applied_history/tutor/eurvoya/index.html 

Mummies and Mummification. (2003). Retrieved March 30, 2010, from Digital Egypt:  http://www.digitalegypt.ucl.ac.uk/mummy/ok.html

Conclusions: The friendship environment affects suicidality for both boys and girls. Female adolescents' suicidal thoughts are significantly increased by social isolation and friendship patterns in which friends were not friends with each other. (Am J. Public Health. 2004; 94:89-95) Adolescent well-being is largely the product of interactions among the multiple contexts in which, adolescents are embedded. Central contexts for adolescents include family, school, friendships, romantic relationships, peer groups, and larger social networks. The National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent Health provides unique data on adolescents' relationships with their friends, in that it is the only national level data set to provide unique data set to provide information on network structure." (Bearman, Moody, 2004)

According to Duncan (2001), "We use nationally representative data to calculate correlations in achievement and delinquency between genetically differentiated siblings within a family, between peers as defined by adolescents, bestfriend nominations, between schoolmates living in the same neighbourhood,…

References

Armstrong, M.I. & Boothroyd, R.A. 2008, "Predictors of Emotional Well-Being in at-Risk Adolescent Girls: Developing Preventive Intervention Strategies," the Journal of Behavioral Health Services & Research, vol. 35, no. 4, pp. 435.

Bearman, P.S. & Moody, J. 2004, "Suicide and Friendships Among American Adolescents," American Journal of Public Health, vol. 94, no. 1, pp. 89.

Duncan, G.J., Boisjoly, J. & Harris, K.M. 2001, "Sibling, peer, neighbor, and schoolmate correlations as indicators of the importance of context for adolescent development," Demography, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 437.

Uruk, a.C. & Demir, a. 2003, "The role of peers and families in predicting the loneliness level of adolescents," the Journal of psychology, vol. 137, no. 2, pp. 179.

Overall, Foucault uses a blend of historical analysis and philosophy as his primary method to answer questions about modern societies.

The primary evidence Foucault uses to justify his comments about human society is how sexuality was viewed in classical times compared to how it is viewed today. He says that governments now regulate sexuality because they have to ensure the longevity and health of their population. Because society now values life more than it did in the past, power is more widespread across the population because of wider sovereignty. Foucault's evidence for this point is not always direct, maybe because his research methods are also not always direct. He says that racism and Nazism are proof that biopolitics now exist. "Nazism was doubtless the most cunning and the most naive (and the former because of the latter) combination of the fantasies of blood and the paraoxysms of a disciplinary power"…

Works Cited

Foucault, Michel. "The Right of Death and Power Over Life." History of Sexuality: Vol I.

Pubs on account of operating costs, food prices, and the increase in minimum wages have therefore changed to the tenanted model. Some regulations have also curbed customer choice like ban on smoking in public places, and other interventions on customer freedom have resulted in the closure of two thousand pubs. Changing customer habits have resulted in the decline of the UK restaurant by three percent as a result of poor consumer spending. (Deoitte, 2011)

In England these different entities are representative of the fact that consumers have grown in variety and as well have begun to explore all that the hospitality industry has to offer. Apart from the changes in the eating habits of the natives, the demands from the tourists, and the peculiar tourist out for gastronomic experience has given birth to a new industry -- Gastronomic tour. There are many types of consumers of hospitality including the current…

References

Bowers, Simon. 2011. Mayfair Hotel: RBS Sells Top Mayfair Hotel to Indian

Billionaire. The Guardian, p. 6.

Deoitte. 2011. Issues and Trends. [Online] Available at:

 http://www.deloitte.com/view/en_GB/uk/industries/thl/licensed-retail/04b2dd45801b1210VgnVCM200000bb42f00aRCRD.htm

Meng and Meurs (2009) examine the effects of intermarriage, language, and economic advantage. They find that immigrants who have some skill in the dominant language of the country to which they immigrate tend to intermarry and earn more income (Meng and Meurs). Marrying outside of one's culture may influence language acquisition due to social and economic needs to advance within the adopted culture.

Moua and Lamborn (2010) note that ethnic socialization practices by parents of immigrant adolescents strengthen the ethnic heritage connection between adolescent, parent, and ethnic community. These include native language use, marriage ties, taking part in cultural events, sharing history, and preparing traditional foods (Moua and Lamborn). As noted previously, immigrant parents tend to congregate in ethnic communities, where they are essentially immersed in the ethnic culture. The native language is often the most utilized if not the exclusive language in the home. However, children are acculturated into…

Bibliography

Akresh, I. "Contexts of English Language Use among Immigrants to the United States." International Migration Review (2007): 930-955.

Bacallao, M and P. Smokowski. "The Costs of Getting Ahead: Mexican Family System Changes After Immigration." Family Relations (2006): 52-66.

Blatchley, L and M. Lau. "Culturally Competent Assessment of English Language Learners for Special Education Services." Communique: Newspaper of National Association of School Psychologists May 2010: 1-8.

Bleakley, H and A. Chin. "Age at Arrival, English Proficiency, and Social Assimilation Among U.S. Immigrants." American Economic Journal of Applied Economics (2010):  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813069/pdf/nihms-132959.pdf .

According to Stevensen and Wolfers, marriage is far from a static phenomena, and in subsequent research they contend that this specialization is far less likely, that women and men both work outside the home, marry later marriages are formed without the specific purpose of procreation. (Stevensen & Wolfers, 2007, p. 27)

Lastly, this work looked at another issue, associated with marriage and divorce, which looked at the period between 1980 and 2000 and determined that several basic trends are true of marital quality, between 1980 and 2000; marital interaction declined significantly. A decomposition analysis suggested that offsetting trends affected marital quality. Increases in marital heterogamy, premarital cohabitation, wives' extended hours of employment, and wives' job demands were associated with declines in multiple dimensions of marital quality. In contrast, increases in economic resources, decision-making equality, nontraditional attitudes toward gender, and support for the norm of lifelong marriage were associated with improvements…

Resources

Amato, P.R., Johnson, D.R., Booth, A., & Rogers, S.J. (2004). Continuity and change in marital quality between 1980 and 2000. Journal of Marriage and Family, 65 (1), 1-22.

Isen, A., & Stevensen, B. (2008, February). Women's education and family behavior: Trends in marriage, divorce and fertitlity. Topics in Demography and the Economy National Bureau of Economic Research, *-22.

Stevensen, B., & Wolfers, J. (2007). Marriage and Divorce: Changes and their driving forces. Journal of Economic Perspectives, 21 (2), 27-52.

One very timely and cogent example of this is within the realm of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDS). These systems are interactive computer programs designed to assist medical professionals in the analysis and diagnosis and provide greater health care options at a more cost effective rate. The raw data that is used is the knoweldge base -- raw statistics about populations, trends, demography, and individual indicators such as test results, measurments, vital statistics and symptomology. Then, the process moves into information in which the inference part of the program takes what may be disparate data and combines it into something that may have meaning for that particular situation or patient -- or may not -- thus saving medical personnel time pouring over chart data. Finally, usuing algorithims in machine learning (computers learn from past experiences and patterns) and artifical intelligence (computers make connections that were not always aapparent, the system…

REFERENCES

Bellinger, Castro and Mills. (2004, March). Data, Information, Knowledge and Wisdom. Retrieved July 2010, from Systems-Thinking.org:  http://www.systems-thinking.org/dikw/dikw.htm 

Boisot and Canals. (2003, November 17). Data, Information and Knowledge: Have We Got It Right? Retrieved July 2010, from Internet Interdisciplinary Institute:  http://www.uoc.edu/in3/dt/20388/index.html 

Garg, Adhikari, McDonald, Rosas, Devereaux, and Beyene. (2005). Effects of Computerized Clinical Decision Support Systems on Practitioner Performance and Patient Outcomes. Jounral of the American Medical Association, 293(10), 1223-38.

Overbaugh and Schultz. (1999, January). Bloom's Taxonomy. Retrieved July 2010, from Old Dominion University:  http://www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/Bloom/blooms_taxonomy.htm

y contrast, this was not found to be true for the Colombian couples. Instead, their level of relationship satisfaction was predicted by having a similar level of expressiveness between spouses, irrespective of whether the level was high, medium, or low (Ingoldsby, 1980). Likewise, Colombian women and men were determined to be are equally likely to say what they feel and to express themselves at the same level as North American males. In the United States, female spouses are typically significantly more expressive as a group than are their male counterparts (Ingoldsby, 1980).

In a significant recent paper, ailey (2006) focuses on biotechnological discoveries in birth control methods that offered women greater power to choose the timing of childbearing. This power may have translated into higher investments in education and increased labor force participation of women. In an excellent paper, among other things, Goldin (1995) focused on technological International Research Journal…

Bibliography

Aptekar, L. (1990). "How Ethnic Differences Within a Culture Influence Child

Rearing: The Case of Colombian Street Children." Journal of Comparative

Family Studies 21(1):67 -- 79.

Balakrishnan, R. (1976). "Determinants of Female Age at Marriage in Rural and Semi-Urban Areas of Four Latin American Countries." Journal of Comparative Family Studies 7(2):167 -- 173.

Families, Delinquency & Crime

The fundamental changes occurring to families in the 2st century can be classified into two different categories, depending on the internal or the external perspective that is used in the analysis. The external perspective proposes an analysis of the sociodemographic changes that have occurred to families under the impact of the external factors of the 2st century. The sociodemographic changes are characterized both by the numbers, by a quantitative reflection of families, and by the relationships that are formed within each family.

From the first perspective, the 2st century has imposed both changes in the number of families (some cultures, notably the Western ones, have encountered decreases in size because of an increased reluctance of individuals to get married) and in the formation of these family groups. As such, in many of these family groups, the norm has translated from a man-woman marriage as the basis…

1. Roopnarine, Jaipaul; Gielen, Uwe. 2005. Families in Global Perspective. Pearson Education.

2. Vaskovics, L.A. 1994. Family and household structures in the former GDR and the Federal Republic of Germany from 1980 to 1989 -- a comparison. Wiesbaden.

3. Aly, A.M.Y. 1999. Lectures on population, family and childhood issues. Alexandria: The Modern University Office.

According to this research, these trends are due to changes in the association of husbands' and wives' education rather than by changes in the relative supply of more- and less-educated partners.

In addition to income and education, individuals select marriage partners along racial lines (Fu, 2001). In fact, although racial homogamy has declined over time, it remains as the strongest pattern in assortative mating according to Fu. Further, many individuals remain particularly resistance to marriage between whites and blacks than they do between whites and other minorities. Fu (2001) also reveals that African-Americans and Hispanic-Americans who are in interracial marriages tend to have a higher socioeconomic status than others from these groups. Fu theorizes that this higher socioeconomic status helps to equalize their status with majority group partners.

In summary, forced marriages may be dead, at least in the modern Western world, but individual preferences are alive and well. Ironically,…

Bibliography

"Assortative Marriage and Inequality." Economist's View.  http://economistsview.typepad.com/economistsview/2007/05/assortative_mar.html 

d'Addio. Anna Christina. "Intergenerational Transmission of Disadvantage: Mobility or Immobility across Generations? A Review of the Evidence for OECD Countries." OECD

Social, Employment and Migration Working Papers no. 52. 2007.

Fu, Vincent Kang. "Racial Intermarriage Pairings." Demography. 38(2) 2001: 147-159

Using condoms is also an excellent prevention activity that can also be used (Primary and Secondary HIV Prevention, 2008).

Potential obstacles to HIV prevention activities taking place in clinical settings often include:

narrow formations of medical care and the role of physicians or health care providers in HIV prevention, a provider's discomfort with discussing human sexuality and illicit drug use and their attitudes towards persons with HIV or AIDS along with constraints on time and resources, and the vagueness of HIV prevention messages (Primary and Secondary HIV Prevention, 2008).

The very nature of HIV transmission involves behaviors that are not readily discussed in American society. It is important for health care providers to become comfortable discussing sexual and substance-use activities with their patients. They need to create an environment of trust for patients so their risk behaviors can be discussed. It is important to assure the patient of the confidential…

References

ABCs of Aids Prevention - Presentation Transcript. (2009). Retrieved September 3, 2009, from Slideshare Web site:  http://www.slideshare.net/drsujnanendra/ab-cs-of-aids-prevention 

CDC Responds to HIV / AIDS. (2009). Retrieved from Centers for Disease Control and Prevention

Web site:  http://www.cdc.gov/hiv/aboutDHAP.htm 

HIV / AIDS. (2009). Retrieved September 4, 2009, from MayClinic Web site:

Ananat & Michaels (2008) concur with the emphasis on income being the deciding factor upon the divorced child's success. They found that divorce significantly "increases women's odds of having very high or very low income. In other words, while some women successfully compensate for lost spousal earnings through child support, welfare, combining households, and increasing labor supply, others are markedly unsuccessful. e conclude that by raising both poverty and inequality, divorce has important welfare consequences" (Ananat & Michaels 2008). Some women use divorce as a vehicle of self-empowerment, for other women who are unable to compensate, poverty becomes more severe in a single-income household. Another interesting finding of Ananat & Michael's research is that "having a female first-born child significantly increases the probability that a woman's first marriage breaks up," and this may account for the lower incomes of children with divorce, if women still tend to earn less than…

Works Cited

Ananat, E., & G. Michaels. (2008). The effect of marital breakup on the income distribution of women with children. The Journal of Human Resources, 43(3), 611. Retrieved August

9, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1521034461).

Steele, F., W. Sigle-Rushton, & Y. Kravdal. (2009). Consequences of family disruption on children's educational outcomes in Norway. Demography, 46(3), 553-574. Retrieved

August 9, 2009, from ABI/INFORM Global. (Document ID: 1799973811).

Lastly, the gender gap has meant that males need to engage in more intense competition for females. As a result, money has become a more important means of attracting females (ei, 2009). These different factors combined to push more rural Chinese into the cities in search of better work. This in turn kept the cost of labor down, fueling intense economic growth that kept the unemployment rate in urban areas down. Even with the recent economic downturn, official unemployment rates for urban China were at just 4.2% for the fourth quarter of 2008, up from 4.0% in the previous quarter (Xinhua, 2009). These official figures have never fluctuated too much, although they were significantly higher in the late 1970s when economic modernization began, between 5-6% (Giles et al., 2004). It should be noted that the official unemployment rates belie the reality of China's economy, which features tens of millions of…

Works Cited:

Hesketh, Therese; Lu, Li & Xing, Zhu Wei. (2005). The Effect of China's One-Child Policy after 25 Years. New England Journal of Medicine. Volume 353, No. 11, pp.1171-1176. Retrieved July 19, 2009 from  http://content.nejm.org/cgi/content/full/353/11/1171 

No author. (2009). Arguments-Trends. International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (IIASA). Retrieved July 19, 2009 from  http://www.iiasa.ac.at/Research/LUC/ChinaFood/argu/trends/trend_10.htm 

CIA World Factbook: China. (2009). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved July 19, 2009 from https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/CH.html

Fan, Shenggen; Zhang, Linxiu & Zhang, Xiabo. (2002). Growth, Inequality and Poverty in Rural China. Retrieved July 19, 2009 from  http://books.google.de/books?id=_DQo-VBHQOsC&pg=PA1&lpg=PP1&dq=china+rural+economy&hl=en

The question is no longer only about whether same sex marriages should be legal, it is about whether a certain faction of society should be allowed to have control over the whole of society. In order to achieve true equality in America, we need to legalize same sex marriages.

orks Cited

Anderson, G. Noack, T., and Seierstad, A. "The Demographics of Same-Sex "Marriages" in Norway and Sweden. " Demography. February 2006. pp. 79 -- 98.

Cosgrove-Mather, B. "The Global View of Gay Marriage." CBS NES. March 4, 2004>

Accessed May

10, 2009.

Golombok, S., Tasker, F., and Murray. C. Children raised in fatherless families from infancy:

family relationships and the socioemotional development of children of lesbian and single heterosexual mothers. J Child Psychol Psychiatry. October 1997. Vol. 38. Issue. 7.

pp. 783-91.

Herek, Gregory M. "Legal recognition of same-sex relationships in the United States: A social science perspective." American Psychologist,…

Works Cited

Anderson, G. Noack, T., and Seierstad, A. "The Demographics of Same-Sex "Marriages" in Norway and Sweden. " Demography. February 2006. pp. 79 -- 98.

Cosgrove-Mather, B. "The Global View of Gay Marriage." CBS NEWS. March 4, 2004>

Accessed May

10, 2009.

UK Immigration Act of 1971 and Its Enforcement with espect to Administrative emoval/Deportation when Articles 3 and 8 of European Convention of Human ights are Engaged

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, many observers stated that "nothing would ever be the same again" and in some ways they have been absolutely correct. While the United Kingdom continues its inexorable march to become fully integrated into the burgeoning European Union, a number of obstacles remain firmly in place that relate to the perceived need by the UK government to better control movement of foreigners within its borders. The purpose of this study was to provide an examination of the UK Immigration Act of 1971 and its enforcement with respect to administrative removal or deportation when Articles 3 and 8 of European Convention of Human ights are engaged. This study used a three-chapter format to achieve this research purpose. Chapter…

References

Apap, J. And Carrera, S. 2004, "Maintaining Security within Borders: Toward a Permanent State of Emergency in the EU?" Alternatives: Global, Local, Political 29(4): 399.

Barav, A., Wyatt, D.A. And Wyatt, J. 1998, Yearbook of European Law, Vol. 17. Oxford: Clarendon Press.

Bello, J.H. 1995, "Community Competence to Conclude Certain International Agreements." American Journal of International Law, 89(4): 772-789.

Brown, J.M.and Louis, W.R. (Eds.). 1998, The Oxford History of the British Empire, Vol. 4. Oxford, England: Oxford University Press

From these responses will be generated the even more specific and in-depth questions that will used to obtain a more complete picture from the focus group.

The focus group, as mentioned above, will be composed of five students from each of the three groups. That will provide the study with a big enough focus group to discern certain trends and by seeking a more in-depth knowledge of how the students feel about certain scenarios could be helpful in providing more insight into how different events are perceived by students from different backgrounds.

David L. Morgan writes in his book; Focus Groups as Qualitative esearch that "most rewarding...is the fact that focus groups are now a much more widely practiced research method within the social sciences" (p. vii).

Morgan continues by writing "there is a sizeable literature about focus groups in anthropology, communication studies, education, evaluation, nursing, political science, psychology, public…

References

Dole, N., Savitz, D.A., Hertz-Picciotto, I and others (2003) Maternal stress and preterm birth, American Journal of Epidemiology, Vol. 157, No. 1, pp. 14-24

Feliciano, C., (2005) Educational selectivity in U.S. immigration: How do immigrants compare to those left behind?, Demography, Vol. 42, No. 1, pp. 131-52

Goodrick, G., Kneuper, S., Steinbauer, J.; (2005) Stress perceptions in community clinic: a pilot survey of patients and physicians, Journal of Community Health, Vol. 30, No. 2, pp. 75-88

Moloney, D.M., (2007) in a new land, Journal of Social History, Vol. 40, No. 4, pp. 1061-1063

Literature eview

1. The dilemma of Obesity

Mokdad et al., (1999) in his study found that the issue of unhealthy weight, overweight and obesity are perhaps one of the rising concerns for the Americans in the 21st century as more and more U.S. citizens become vulnerable to the circumstantial risks and dangers of the phenomenon (Mokdad et al., 1999). It is usually the body mass indexes (BMI) that indicate whether a person is actually overweight or not. The National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) carried out a study for the years 1999 to 2002 using the BMI phenomenon and concluded that about 65% of U.S. citizens in the adulthood years were categorized under the overweight group because of their BMI (Division of Nutrition and Physical Activity, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2005).

To understand the phenomenon of obesity and its rise, it's important to understand…

References

Adam Drewnowski and S.E. Specter (2004), Poverty and Obesity: The Role of Energy Density and Energy Costs, American Journal of Clinical Nutrition 79, no. 1: 6-16.

Akande, a. & Akande, B.E. (1994). On becoming a person: Activities to help children with their anger. Early Child Development and Care, 102, 31-62.

Akande, a. Wyk, C.D.WV. And Osagie, J.E. (2000). Importance of Exercise and Nutrition in the Prevention of Illness and the Enchancement of Health. Education. 120: 4.

Alexander, M.A., & Blank, J.J. (1988). Factors related to obesity in Mexican-American preschool children. Image, 20(2), 79-82.

(Coleman et al., 2006) there are more significant differences between race and ethnic groups in beliefs about intergenerational assistance than are expected by chance the differences are not large. As expected, White European-Americans perceive that less help should be given to older adults than is true of African-Americans and Asian-Americans. Unexpectedly, European-Americans and Latinos rarely differ in their beliefs about intergenerational assistance. When differences exist among the three minority groups, it is typically because African-Americans and Asian-Americans perceive that more help should be given to older family members than Latinos. The family plays a unique role in forming and sustaining intimate relationships; however, there have been notable changes in the family in the past 50 years. As marriages are being delayed, birth rates are decreasing, and maternal employment, divorce, cohabitation, and births to single mothers are increasing, the course of intimate relationships is becoming more diverse and less stable and…

References

Bean, R.A., Crane, D.R., & Lewis, T.L. (2002). Basic research and implications for practice in family science: A content analysis and status report for U.S. ethnic groups. Family Relations, 51, 15-21.

Bramlett, M.D., & Mosher, W.D. (2001). First marriage dissolution, divorce, and remarriage: United Stales (Advanced Data from Vital and Health Statistics No. 323). Hyattsville, MD: National Center for Health Statistics.

Chadiha, L.A., Veroff, J., & Leber, D. (1998). Newlywed's narrative themes: Meaning in the first year of marriage for African-American and White couples. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 29, 115-130.

Coleman, M., Ganong, L.H., & Rothrauff, T.C. (2006, December). Racial and Ethnic Similarities and Differences in Beliefs about Intergenerational Assistance to Older Adults After Divorce and Remarriage. Family Relations, 55(5), pp. 576-587.

The Partido Revoluationario Institucional Party was an "enormous social network that reached the most remote parts of the country..." (Aerni, 2001) the PRI Party is accredited with having created "the largest public interest groups such as Unions, Farmer Organizations and Consumer Organizations and it somehow managed to keep the political influence of the powerful Catholic Church under tight control." (Aerni, 2001) in order to assess agricultural biotechnology and the environment from the view of developing countries it would also be necessary to asses the traditional crops grown in developing countries. For instance, Mexico begin modernizing its agriculture following World War II and established a research center CIMMYT which was an international research center for the improvement of corn and wheat and later added was high-yielding corn varieties. The agricultural revolution in the Philippines began when the International Rice Research Institute was established in the 1960s.

Stakeholder Perception of Domestic Problems…

Bibliography

Dunlap, Riley E. (1994) International Attitudes Towards Environment and Development. In Helge Ole Bergesen and Georg Parmann (eds) Green Globe Yearbook of International Cooperation on Environment and Development 1994. Oxford University Press. 115-126. Online available at  http://www.fni.no/YBICED/94_09_dunlap.pdf 

Holl, Karen D. et al. (1999) Knowledge of and Attitudes Toward Population Growth and the Environment: University Students in Costa Rica and the United States. Environmental Conservation Journal 1999. Cambridge University Press 10 May, 2002.

Aerni, Phillip (2001) Public Attitudes Toward Agricultural Biotechnology in Developing Countries: A Comparison Between Mexico and the Philippines. STI Research Report. 2001 July. Harvard University. Online available at  http://www.botanischergarten.ch/debate/AerniHarvard20010710.pdf 

30-Country Poll Finds Worldwide Consensus that Climate Change is a Serious Problem (2006) Concern Growing Sharply 25 Apr 2007. World Public Opinion Organization. Online available at http://www.worldpublicopinion.org/pipa/articles/btenvironmentra/187.php?lb=bte&pnt=187&nid=&id=

Moreover, recent welfare reforms have focused on work requirements and lifetime limits on public assistance, which increasingly necessitate the provision of childcare to low-income families. The state distinguished 27 classes of child care service, based on age of child, hours of care per day, and size of the child care provider. For each of seven geographic areas in the state, a maximum subsidized fee for one day's care for each class of service was specified. If a provider's fee was less than this amount the state paid the fee, while if a fee exceeded this maximum, the state paid the maximum and the client was responsible for the difference. Eligible households had their choice of child-care providers. Although the subsidy payment was often made directly to a provider, the subsidy was on behalf of a particular client. Many clients were required to provide a co-payment, which depended on family income…

References

Brennan, M. (2007). Beyond Child Care-How Else Could We Do This? Sociocultural Reflections on the Structural and Cultural Arrangements of Contemporary Western Child Car. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 32(1), 1+.

Goodfellow, J. (2003). Grandparents as Regular Child Care Providers: Unrecognized, Under-Valued and Under-Resourced. Australian Journal of Early Childhood, 28(3), 7+.

Hall, a.H., & Cassidy, D.J. (2002). An Assessment of the North Carolina School-Age Child Care Accreditation Initiative. Journal of Research in Childhood Education, 17(1), 84+.

Hernandez, M., & Hodges, S. (2003). Building upon the Theory of Change for Systems of Care. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 11(1), 19+.

As such, age differentiates potential customers into three categories: young consumers of ages up to 20, potential clients of ages between 21 and 56, and clients older that 57. The first group of consumers is not the ideal target market, as young people rarely have sufficient money to travel and stay in luxurious hotels. The greater emphasis will be placed on the second group as its members travel and require the largest amount of accommodations. These individuals travel for both social and business purposes. The third group is less desirable than the second, but more desirable than the first. Consisting of people older than 57 years, this target market is generally represented by social trips and leads to decreased incomes as compared to the segment of people aged between 21 and 56.

The income criterion also divides the market onto three segments: the target market formed of individuals that register…

Bibliography

Philip Kotler, Kevin Lane Keller, January 1, 2006, Marketing Management 12th Edition, Prentice Hall

Marriott Hotels Website,  http://www.marriott.com/default.mi , last accessed on October 9, 2007

Jorje a. Restrepo, Segmentation - Targeting - Positioning, http://209.85.129.104/search?q=cache:yJbdIVSTCbMJ:eurekafacts.com/STPArticle.pdf+segmentation,+targeting,+positioning&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=2&client=firefox-a, last accessed on October 9, 2007

Philip Kotler, Kevin Lane Keller, January 1, 2006, Marketing Management 12th Edition, Prentice Hall

This is why people that had financial resources to move away from the agitated center often chose Harlem. At the same time however,

On the periphery of these upper class enclaves, however, impoverished Italian immigrants huddled in vile tenements located from 110th to 125th Streets, east of Third Avenue to the Harlem iver. To the north of Harlem's Italian community and to the west of Eighth Avenue, Irish toughs roamed an unfilled marshlands area referred to by locals as "Canary Island."

In this sense, it can be said that in the beginning, Harlem represented the escape place for many of the needy in search for a better life. From this amalgam, the Jews represented the largest group, the reason being the oppressive treatment they were continuously subject to throughout the world. Still, the phenomenon that led to the coming of a black majority of people in this area was essential…

References

African-American Odyssey. "World War I and Postwar Society." Library of Congress Web site:  http://memory.loc.gov/ammem/aaohtml/exhibit/aopart8b.html ,(accessed 16 September 2007)

Ames, William C.. The Negro struggle for equality in the twentieth century. New dimensions in American history. Lexington, Massachusetts: D.C. Heath and Company.. 1965, 90-1

Black Americans of Achievements. "Adam Clayton Powell, Jr.." Home to Harlem website. http://www.hometoharlem.com/harlem/hthcult.nsf/notables/a0d3b6db4d440df9852565cf001dbca8,(accessed 16 September 2007)

Capeci, Dominic. The Harlem Riot of 1943. Philadelphia: Temple University Press, 1977.

It would be nonsensical to take away Social Security, as the program, for all of its flaws, gives the government the ability to tax wage earners in support of the program. If this tax revenue is stopped, and the government still has to provide for those in need as it surely will do without Social Security in place, an attempt to solve one problem will be replaced with a much larger crisis.

eplacement of Social Security with a privatized system is a popular remedy for phasing out Social Security, but this is an unlikely scenario, given the fact that private accounts would only create a feeding frenzy among Wall Street power brokers to collect huge commissions on financial transactions, while the account holders are left with nothing (Baker, 1998). The bottom line is that ending Social Security is unlikely and impractical.

Conclusion/ecommendations

In conclusion, as has been shown, from a…

References

Baker, D. (1998, July). Nine Misconceptions about Social Security:. Privatize Social Security? Any Money Saved Would Be Eaten Up in Wall Street Transaction Costs. The Atlantic Monthly, 282,.

Dishonest Social Security Ads. (2006, September 17). The Washington Times, p. 03.

Invest Social Security Trust Fund Surpluses?. (2006, August 20). The Washington Times, p. B05.

Mcmanus, J.F. (2004, May 31). The Truth about Social Security: The Truth Behind the Popular Myths and Outright Lies of Social Security Proves That This Form of Socialism Must Be Rejected in Favor of Private Enterprise. The New American, 20, 8+.

This is so strong of a correlation in their analysis that it generated an R2 correlation coefficient of.84 at the.01 level of confidence according to Niehuis & Huston (1999). In summary, the escalating divorce rate is attributable to the action of partners, yet more fundamental than that, where a difference in religiosity occurs at any point, yet most typically at the later stages of a marriage, the higher the divorce rate.

References

Amato & Wallin (2001) - People's reasons for divorcing: gender, social class, the life course, and adjustment. Paper presented at the 63rd Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations, November 8-11, 2001, Rochester, New York, USA. Paul Amato and Denise Wallen. Penn State University.

CDC (2001) - National Center of Health Statistics. Advance Data, Number 323. ay 31, 2001. First arriage Dissolution, Divorce, and Remarriage:

United States. Dr., osher and Bramlett. Division of Vital Statistics.

David…

McCarthy (1978) - a comparison of the probability of the dissolution of first and second marriages. Demography Journal. 15 (3):345-59. 1978.

Niehuis & Huston (1999) - Premarital origins of the risk of marital disruption. 8p; 1999 Presented at the 61st Annual Conference of the National Council on Family Relations, Irvine, CA, Nov 12-15, 1999. Niehuis, Sylvia;

Huston, Ted L.

Although it was once hypothesized that these were made by giant extraterrestrial figures, scientists now say that the Indians could have made them with special techniques. However, the why's still remain.

Many of the Indian groups used a numbering sequence to count objects, timekeeping and calendars, and dozens of writing systems. In the Adena villages in the Ohio Valley, the residents grew "a multifarious suite of crops," such as tobacco, barley, maygrass, and knotweed. The Adena also built huge tombs for their nobles, which included copper beads and bracelets, stone tablets and collars, textiles and awls and stone pipes (256). The "ubber People" may have invented rubber and used it themselves. The first traces of these people go back to 1800 BC.

That brings up another interesting aspect about the book -- it is not only the number of people who lived here that is amazing, but also the length…

References

Mann, Charles. 1491. New York: Albert Knopf, 2005.

Has there been any parent contact at the school, prior to, during or after the bullying incident?

3. What are the school guidance counselor's clinical impressions as to the present problem? Underlying issue?

4. What are some of Beth's strengths?

5. Has she been willing to talk in the past about things that may be bothering her? Does she have suicidal ideations? Her response to friend leaving? Lack of friends at the school?

Process Issues for Consideration

The process issues that need to be considered if the child counselor has determined it is beneficial to engage Beth in services include presenting behaviors, attitude and affect. Beth may be much more willing to discuss these issues vs. beginning with something possibly more difficult such as addressing her parent's divorce. The child counselor will also need to address the comments Beth has made regarding herself to determine if there is a risk…

References

Allison, P. & Furstenberg, F, Jr. (1989). How marital dissolution affects children: Variations by age and sex. Developmental Psychology, 25, 540-549.

Amato, P. (2001). Children of divorce in the 1990's: An update of the Amato and Keith

(1991) meta-analysis. Journal of Family Psychology, 15, 355-370.

Amato, P., & Keith, B. (1991). Parental divorce and the well-being of children: A meta-

Following a Western model of democracy, the most important issue that has to be established and recognized by all is the separation of powers into the legislative, executive and judicial. Therefore, the Constitution, besides guaranteeing all universal rights, obligations and freedoms, should set clearly the nature of relations between the three institutions. Kramer would have a bicameral National Assembly with a House of Representatives and a Senate, an executive branch led by a President (if following the American model) and a judicial branch, the Supreme Court.

In order to form a representative government that would put in place in relation with the National Assembly the necessary laws and rules, the elections should be free and just. This can be attained by the use of external observers and monitors that would make sure all established rules by the Constitution are applied.

There are a number of models on how to structure…

Notwithstanding these positive trends, the glass ceiling is not broken (although it has been cracked a bit) and even telecommuting is used in different ways with male and female employees. For example, Arnow-ichman points out that, "While telecommuting was once heralded as an ideal solution for integrating work and family, studies suggest that employers have implemented the practice in two different ways with disparate effects on male and female employees" (2003, p. 346). These two different approaches used with telecommuting are as follows:

1. In one form, employers offer telecommuting as an option for high-level autonomous professionals (a class dominated by men);

2. In another form, employers impose telecommuting on lower-wage clerical workers (a class dominated by women), who are often independent contractors unentitled to other employment benefits.

The net impact of these two different approaches to this change in the workplace structure has been felt by men and women…

References

Arnow-Richman, R. (2003). Accommodation subverted: the future of work/family initiatives in a 'Me, Inc.' world. Texas Journal of Women and the Law, 12(2), 345-347.

Davey, J.D. (1999). The new social contract: America's journey from welfare state to police state. Westport, CT: Praeger.

Ginther, D.K. & Pollak, R.A. (2004). Family structure and children's educational outcomes:

Blended families, stylized facts, and descriptive regressions. Demography, 41(4), 671-

For example, Walker and Hennig add that, "It has frequently been found that children (particularly boys) in divorced, mother-custody families exhibit lower levels of well-being than children in intact families, with more externalizing and internalizing behavior problems and lower levels of cognitive and social competence" (p. 64). My son is also currently at a formative period that has special significance for single-parents families. For instance, Walker and Hennig also point out that, "Single-mother families are often affectively charged, with high instrumental affection combined with high negativity and conflict, particularly in the transition to adolescence" (1997, p. 64).

The "transition to adolescence" can be a rocky period in anyone's life, of course, and it is reasonable to expect my son to experience some problems in general and with me in particular during this transitional period. Fortunately, this challenging developmental period is eased somewhat as children grow into mid-adolescence. As Walker and…

References

Burns, A. & Scott, C. (1999). Mother-headed families and why they have increased. Hillsdale,

NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

Crossman, S.M. & Adams, G.R. (1990). Divorce, single parenting and child development.

Journal of Psychology, 106(2), 205-207.