Dual Diagnosis for Andrea
Considering a differential diagnosis, what is your initial assessment and diagnostic impressions of Andrea and why? Consider the psychotic spectrum disorders and bi-polar disorders concurrent with substance related disorders in your response. Please present other ideas that you have for Andrea.

In the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-IV), polysubstance or polydrug abuse is considered a substance disorder. This manual is the guide book that is used by the experts in mental health to classify disorders. The depression and the personality problems that the patient Andrea is exhibiting can be attributed to the problem of polydrug abuse. Andrea clearly has a mental disorder and the addition of drugs to this can only aggravate the situation. The polydrug use may have escalated from the use of alcohol or marijuana and then later involved the addition of other substances. This is what is typical with adult substance abusers.…...

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References

Jongsma, A. E., & Perkinson, R. R. (2013). The addiction treatment planner. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

National Institute on Drug Abuse, & United States of America. (2008). Comorbidity: Addiction and Other Mental Illnesses.

Sacks, S., Ries, R. K., Ziedonis, D. M., & Center for Substance Abuse Treatment. (2005). Substance abuse treatment for persons with co-occurring disorders.

Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) (2013). Substance Abuse Treatment For Persons With Co-Occurring Disorders: Treatment Improvement Protocol Series

Dual Diagnosis on Alan
Substance abuse is a problem that affects not just people but the society at large. It is defined as negative behaviour that has a negative impact on both the individual concerned and the society. Alan suffers from substance abuse because he is abusing pot. Cannabis sativa is the most commonly abused drug in the U.S.A. (SAMHSA, 2014). Young people are the most vulnerable to this drug. The use of marijuana among middle and high school learners has attained a steady trend after several years of continuous increase. The unfortunate part of the report is that the number of youths who believe that their lives or health will be ruined if they abuse Marijuana has significantly decreased and continues to do so (Antony, 2015).

Moreover, depression is thought to be on the rise among adolescent children. Even without such a trend, the frequency alone has a great impact on…...

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References

Adair, C. E. (2009). Concurrent substance use and mental disorders in adolescents: A review of the literature on current science and practice. The Alberta Centre for Child Family and Community Research.

Adair, C. E. (2009). Concurrent substance use and mental disorders in adolescents: A review of the literature on current science and practice. The Alberta Centre for Child Family and Community Research.

Antony. J. (2015). Marijuana. Retrieved January 26, 2016, from  http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/marijuana 

Helzer, J. E., Kraemer, H. C., Krueger, R. F., Wittchen, H. U., Sirovatka, P. J., & Regier, D. A. (Eds.). (2009). Dimensional approaches in diagnostic classification: refining the research agenda for DSM-V. American Psychiatric Pub. Marijuana and its effects. (2005). Retrieved January 27, 2016, from  http://www.webmd.com/mental-health/addiction/marijuana-use-and-its-effects

Dual Diagnosis
Arlene's case as was explained by her husband, revealed that she underestimated the risk posed by behaviours, such as self-injury, excessive gambling and aggression. These symptoms are often exhibited by patients on the impulsive end of this kind of behaviour. The impulsive end is characterized by a lack of care/consideration for the negative consequences of actions such as self-injury due to aggression and is typified by antisocial personality disorders. As is Arlene's case, impulsive patients are not aware and neither do they evaluate the harm that could be caused by their actions, instead they engage in such actions because to them, the excitement or thrill they get from their actions far outweighs the possible risks of their behaviours. With regards to her erratic behaviour, Arlene's husband has explained that she has no regular course; that she lacks regularity, wanders constantly and has an erratic heartbeat. Her husband further stated…...

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References

Berlin, H., & Hollander, E. (2008, July 1). Understanding the Differences Between Impulsivity and Compulsivity. Retrieved January 27, 2016, from  http://www.psychiatrictimes.com/impulse-control-disorders/understanding-differences-between-impulsivity-and-compulsivity 

Jongsma, A. E., & Perkinson, R. R. (2013). The addiction treatment planner. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

National Collaborating Centre for Mental Health (UK). (n.d.). PHARMACOLOGICAL INTERVENTIONS. Retrieved January 27, 2016, from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0042175/ 

National Institute on Drug abuse. (2014, January). Methamphetamine. Retrieved January 27, 2016, from  http://www.drugabuse.gov/publications/drugfacts/methamphetamine

Psychology Dual Diagnosis: Substance elated Disorders and Co-Occurring Disorders
The abuse of substances and the dependence on it are considered to be two separate types of disorders. This is according to the DSM-V use of the terms. The DSM-V is a manual that is made use of by professionals in the field of medicine and mental health. They specifically refer to this manual when they are diagnosing disorders related to the mental health of a patient and the use of substances. Through the use of this manual, there is a standard way of diagnosing disorders (ockville, 2005). Substance use disorders are often found to exist with co-occurring disorders. This report highlights the assessment and treatment of substance related disorders and the co-morbid disorders.

Introduction

The abuse of substances and the dependence on it are considered to be two separate types of disorders. This is according to the DSM-V use of the terms. The…...

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References

American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Substance-related and addictive disorders. Retrieved from  http://www.dsm5.org/documents/substance%20use%20disorder%20fact%20sheet.pdf 

Bierut, L., Dinwiddie, S., Begleiter, H., Crowe, R., Hesselbrock, V., Nurnberger, J.,. . ., & Reich, T. (1998). Familial transmission of substance dependence: alcohol, marijuana, cocaine, and habitual smoking: a report from the Collaborative Study on the Genetics of Alcoholism. Archives of General Psychiatry. 55(11), 982-8. Retrieved from  http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9819066 

Brunette, M. F., Mueser, K. T., & Drake R. E. (2004). A review of research on residential programs for people with severe mental illness and co-occurring substance use disorders. Drug Alcohol Rev, 23,471-481.

Collins, R. L. Blane, H. T., & Leonard, K. A. (1999). In OttP. J., Tarter, R. E., Ammerman, R. T. Sourcebook on substance abuse: Etiology, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment. Boston: Allyn and bacon, pp.153-165.

Psychology-Dual Diagnosis
Considering a differential diagnosis, what is your initial assessment and diagnostic impressions of Adam and why? Consider the depressive disorders and posttraumatic stress disorder concurrent with substance related disorders in your response. Please present other ideas that you have for Adam.

Various psychiatric conditions can bring about the uncontrolled consumption of alcohol, which in turn can lead to alcoholism. They can also cause a person to resort to alcoholism. In the case of mental health, the presence of alcoholism brings with it various complications, which may hinder the reaching of a precise diagnosis of the psychiatric condition. This seems to be the case with Adam. In cases like his, where there is a psychiatric disorder present as well as alcoholism, suicide becomes a possibility, and the person will need the services from the mental health institutions. Where a person is dependent on alcohol, one of the risks that emerge is…...

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References

Brady, K. T., & Back, S. E. (2012). Childhood trauma, posttraumatic stress disorder, and alcohol dependence. Alcohol research: current reviews, 34(4), 408.

DSM-5 American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Arlington: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Jongsma, A. E., & Perkinson, R. R. (2013). The addiction treatment planner. Hoboken, N.J: Wiley.

Olson R. (2012). Alcohol Dependence and Suicide. Retrieved 26 January 2016 from  http://www.suicideinfo.ca/LinkClick.aspx?fileticket=IenSG2V_ZxM%3D&tabid=579

Capitalism in 1984
Many of the ideas put forward in George Orwell's 1984 have relevance in today's society. Any strong government regulation brings comparisons to "Big Brother," and many regulatory measures are deemed "Orwellian." One strong idea in 1984 that has definite relevance to today's America is the Party's view of capitalists.

The capitalists, according to the Party's history books, were the rulers of the world before the Revolution. They used their great wealth to wield great power over ordinary people. Consider the history books' view:

Children no older than you had to work twelve hours a day for cruel masters who flogged them with whips if they worked too slowly and fed them on nothing but stale breadcrusts and water. But in among all this terrible poverty there were just a few great big beautiful houses that were lived in by rich men who had as many as thirty servants to…...

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Works Cited

Orwell, George. 1984. New York: Signet Classic, 1990.

Attention Deficit HyperactivITY Disorder DIAGNOSIS IN CHILDEN
Historical ecords

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a diverse behavioral set of symptoms described by the hub indication of impulsivity, hyperactivity and inattention. Even as, these symptoms have a tendency to gather together, some individuals are for the most part hyperactive and impetuous, even as others are predominantly inattentive. This disease affects both toddlers and adults of all ages and should be taken seriously. When this disease is being diagnosed in children, doctors often make quick decisions to make a diagnosis and handing out prescriptions. This should not be the case as doctors are supposed to take enough time to well analyze the condition of the children before offering prescriptions.

About Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

There are two main diagnostic decisive factors that are currently in use. These are the International Classification of Mental and Behavioral Disorders uses the initials (ICD-10) and the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual…...

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References

Honos-Webb, L. (2010). The gift of ADHD: How to transform your child's problems into strengths. Oakland, CA: New Harbinger Publications.

Kushner, T.K. (2010). Surviving health care: A manual for patients and their families.

Cambridge England: Cambridge University Press.

Nass, R.D. & Leventhal, F.,. (2011). 100 questions & answers about your child's ADHD: From

diagnosis of autism can lead to a stigma or whether there are good results. Indeed, some feel that a diagnosis of autism leads to a situation where the child is treated differently but in a negative way. The genesis of this maltreatment can come both from children as well as teachers and other people. However, the study clearly approaches the question with an open mind and asks the question of whether the diagnosis of autism leads to better trails for a student or if there are bumps in the road instead.
Description & Evaluation of esearch Methodology, Approach, and Design

There were actually two studies completed as part of this study. One was interview-based and the other was survey based. The interviews were "in-depth" in nature and they were directly with individuals that had autism spectrum disorder maladies. One major thing that is focused on as part of the interviews is…...

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Reference

Johnson, T. & Joshi, A. (2016). Dark clouds or silver linings? A stigma threat perspective on the implications of an autism diagnosis for workplace well-being. Journal of Applied

Psychology, 101(3), 430-449.  http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/apl0000058

substance abuse disorder that can mimic a mental health or medical diagnosis. -Addictions or substance abuse counseling
Brooks, AJ & Penn, PE (2003) Comparing reatments for Dual Diagnosis: welve-Step and Self-Management and Recovery raining HE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF DRUG AND ALCOHOL ABUSE, 29, 359 -- 383

Brooks and Penn (2003) compared the effectiveness of the 12-step approach with the cognitive-behavioral (Self-Management and Recovery raining [SMAR]) approach for people with a dual diagnosis of serious mental illness and substance use disorder. he 112 participants were tested in an intensive outpatient/partial hospitalization setting and were assigned to two treatment conditions. 50 participants completed the 6-month treatment program. he participants were tested during five intermittent periods. Researchers discovered that the 12 Steps program was more efficacious in decreasing alcohol use and increasing social interactions, but that it resulted in a worsening of medical problems, health status, employment status, and psychiatric hospitalization. SMAR, on the…...

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The authors found positive associations to exist between these six components and treatment completion, length of stay, decreased use of substances, reduced mental health symptoms, improved birth outcomes, employment, self-reported health status, and HIV risk reduction. The authors conclude by recommending that further research needs to be done into interventions that can be efficacious for women in order to best treat that gender.

The study is helpful to people who work with substance abuse since research has clearly indicated gender-based differences in etiology of substance abuse and reaction to interventions. In this case, it only makes sense to evaluate the existent research on pertinent gender differences and to structure substance-abuse programs for each gender accordingly.

The studies, however, that authors employed - only 38 -- may have been too few. They may also have been from biased samples and may have reflected specific and limited populations and contexts. Substance abuse is a complex and multi-variegated field with patients possessing many variables. It is, therefore, important that a more comprehensive and exhaustive study (both longitudinal and cross-sectional) be conducted and that further meta analytic studies including a more diverse population be conducted. Given the limited purview of this study, Ashley et al.'s (2003) findings may not be generalizable to all treatment programs and treatment populations. Furthermore, most of the articles employed were non-randomized rather than randomized studies, containing lesser reliability. Given accomplishment of these factors, future research on this same topic would be extremely helpful to researchers and social workers since substance abuse programs may be substantially improved for women helping both women and their offspring.

Studies conducted by Doughty et al. (2004) suggest that panic disorders, potentially exacerbated by the panic-inducing qualities of drug usage, are significantly associated with bi-polar disease, and Long finds that panic disorders are generationally related to bi-polar. Therefore, the well-known panic- and anxiety-related effects of drug usage have been shown to be related to bipolar disorder, so that both diseases correlate. Further, chemical responses that drive the bi-polar are complicated by the chemical effects of drug addiction, making treatment difficult to sort out. The associated risk of suicide, already high with sufferers of bi-polar disorder, is heightened. Care and treatment, both physical and mental, must be approached in an integrated fashion.
Drug and chemical treatments for dual diagnosis patients have attempted to sort out the effects of each disorder. However, because the brain centers that are impacted by drug abuse and addiction are often driven by the same or similar…...

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Works Cited

Doughty, C., Wells, J., Joyce, P., Olds, R., & Walsh, A. (2004). Bipolar-panic disorder comorbidity within bipolar disorder families: a study of siblings. Bipolar Disorders, 6(3), 245-252. doi:10.1111/j.1399-5618.2004.00120.x.

Long, M. (2005). Bipolar Disorders. Retrieved from http:/ / www.mentalhealth.com/dis/p20-md02.html. Internet Mental Health.

Michael's House. n.d. 10 important facts about dual diagnosis and bipolar disorder. Retrieved from  http://www.michaelshouse.com/dual-dual-diagnosis/about-dual-diagnosis-bipolar-disorder .

Whitten, L. (2008). Aripiprazole prevents rats from resuming cocaine seeking. Nida Notes, 22(2), 4-5. Retrieved from CINAHL database.

" (1995)
The authors state: "The amphetamines occasioned dose-related increases in d- amphetamine-appropriate responding, whereas hydromorphone did not. Amphetamines also occasioned dose-related increases in reports of the drug being most like "speed," whereas hydromorphone did not. However, both amphetamines and hydromorphone occasioned dose-related increases in reports of drug liking and in three scales of the ARCI. Thus, some self-report measures were well correlated with responding on the drug-appropriate lever and some were not. Lamb and Henningfield (1994) suggest that self-reports are complexly controlled by both the private event and the subject's history of experience with the drug. Some of the self-reports they observed (e.g., feels like speed) are probably occasioned by a relatively narrow range of stimuli because in the subject's experience with drug administration, these reports have been more selectively reinforced by the verbal community relative to other reports (e.g., drug liking). They also suggest that these results imply that…...

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Bibliography

Budney, Alan J. et al. (2006) Clinical Trial of Abstinence-Based Vouchers and Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Cannabis Dependence. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology 2006. Vol.. 74 No. 2. 2006 American Psychological Association.

McRae, a.; Budney, a.; & Brady, K. (2002) Treatment of Marijuana Dependence: A Review of the Literature. Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment 24 (2003)

Pathways of Addiction: Opportunities in Drug Abuse Research (1996) Institute of Medicine (IOM)

Kamon, J; Budney, a. & Stanger, C. (2005)a Contingency Management Intervention for Adolescent Marijuana Abuse and Conduct Problems. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 44(6):513-521, June 2005.

Working with Clients with Dual Diagnosis: The Case of Joe," (n.d.) shows how social policies can directly affect the lives of individuals, impacting their access to and awareness of care options and the availability of specific services. Moreover, social policies can influence mental health practitioners, reinforcing stereotypes and stigmas toward patients with substance abuse disorders in particular. A systematic review of the literature reveals "negative attitudes of health professionals towards patients with substance use disorders are common and contribute to suboptimal health care for these patients," (Boekel, Brouwers, van Weeghel & Garresten, 2013, p. 23). Social workers are at the forefront of substance abuse treatment, as social work professionals "regularly encounter individuals, families, and communities affected by substance use disorders," including co-occurring disorders as in Joe's case (NASW, 2013, p. 5). Therefore, in addition to their role in reducing stigma and ensuring evidence-based practice in mental health care, social workers…...

After several years of working with inpatients ranging from adolescents, dual-diagnosis patients, and intensive care patients, I transitioned to a Discharge Case Manager. I spent nine years there, and transitioned again -- this time to a Residential Counselor. At that time I assisted in the creation of a transitional house for people with persistent psychiatric disorders. It provided different types of therapy, so a wider range of people could be treated. I'm now DBT and Cognitive Remediation certified and I've helped so many people who really needed someone to care for them. With more than 10 years of experience at Silver Hill behind me, I'm ready to take the next step into nursing. My past experiences -- both personal and professional -- have equipped me well for this. I remember the people I've helped, and I remember those who helped my brother when I needed it the most. His 13…...

According to the manual, the personality disorder 'is clinical syndrome which has more long lasting symptoms and encompass the individual's way of interacting with the world; the mental disorder includes paranoid, antisocial, and borderline personality disorders' (House, 2000). The deterioration of the physical condition is considered to be likely cause of the development, continuance, or exacerbation of clinical syndromes, developmental disorders and personality disorders. The DMS-IV manual has elaborated the conditions experienced by the patients in particular those under sever psychological trauma, and the physicians have been provided with the best possible technique to address the psychological pains and mental sufferings. The mental sufferings have their origin which is socially, politically, and naturally motivated or self-imposed (James, 2000).
The occurrences of the tragic events due the life span has the potential to create mental disorder, there have been cases where the patients have reflected their vulnerability of the mental dissatisfaction…...

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References

James Roy Morrison. The First Interview: Revised for DSM-IV. Guilford Press. 2000, pp. 34-54.

House, Alvin E. DSM-IV Diagnosis in the Schools. Guilford Press. 2000. pp. 45-76.

Michael B. First, Allen J. Frances, Harold Alan Pincus. DSM-IV: Diagnostics Differentials. 2000. pp. 187-201.

Thomas a. Widiger. DSM-IV Sourcebook. American Psychiatric Publication Inc. 2001. pp. 134-154.

(1999) which are:
1) Those with serious mental illnesses such as schizophrenia, bi-polar disorder with major depression and who use alcohol and drugs to self-mediate to cope with the symptoms; and 2) Those with borderline personality and anti-social personality disorders including anxiety disorder that is complicated by use of alcohol and illicit drugs. (Mather et al. 1999)

Presenting further difficulty is the establishment of problems with alcohol and illicit drug use for adolescents entering service programs outside of the AOD system. (National Survey on Drug Use and Health, 2005) In an analysis of data taken form a sample group of youth in five San Diego county sectors of AOD treatment, mental health, juvenile justice, child welfare and public school-based services for severely emotionally disturbed [SED] youth gives indication that "there are relatively high rates of substance use disorders among adolescents in these systems, as determined in diagnostic interview with DSM-IV criteria."…...

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Bibliography

Amaro, Hortensia, et al. (2005) Racial/Ethnic Differences in Social Vulnerability Among Women with Co-Occurring Mental Health and Substance Disorders: Implications for Treatment Services - Journal of Community Psychology. Vol. 33 Issue 4.

An Overview of the Effectiveness of Adolescent Substance Abuse Treatment Models (2001) Thousand Oaks, December 2001. Online available at http://web.utk.edu/~dap/SA2003/EffectadolescentSATx.html

Blane, H.T. (1993) Recent Development in Alcoholism: Ethnicity: Recent Development in Alcoholism, 11, 109-122.

Bridging the Gap: What We Know and Don't Know About Dual Diagnosis (1998) Healing Hands Journal. Vol.2, No.4 July 1998.

1. "Understanding the Stigma: Unpacking Depression"

2. "The Impact of Depression on Mental Health and Well-being"

3. "Breaking the Silence: Coping with Depression"

4. "Exploring the Root Causes of Depression"

5. "Depression and Society: Breaking Down Barriers to Treatment"

6. "The Link Between Depression and Anxiety: Dual Diagnosis"

7. "Depression in Adolescents: Recognizing the Signs and Seeking Help"

8. "The Role of Genetics in Depression: Nature vs. Nurture"

9. "The Effects of Depression on Relationships and Social Interactions"

10. "Finding Hope: Recovery and Management of Depression"
11. "Overcoming Depression: Strategies for Healing and Recovery"
12. "Depression and Suicide: Understanding the Connection"
13. "Depression in the Workplace: Managing Symptoms and Seeking Support"
14. "The....

1. Exploring the stigmatization of mental illness in society and its impact on individuals seeking help
2. The effectiveness of different treatment options for mental health disorders, such as therapy, medication, and holistic approaches
3. The connection between mental health and physical health, and the importance of addressing both in overall wellness
4. The role of early intervention in mental health and its impact on long-term outcomes
5. The impact of trauma on mental health and the importance of trauma-informed care
6. The intersectionality of mental health and identity factors such as race, gender, sexuality, and socioeconomic status
7. The relationship between mental health and substance....

I. Introduction

1. Explanation of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and Substance Use Disorder

   1. MDD is a mood disorder characterized by persistent feelings of sadness and loss of interest in activities.
   2. Substance Use Disorder involves the recurrent use of substances despite negative consequences.

2. Aetiological Factors of MDD and Substance Use Disorder

   1. Genetic predisposition and family history play a role in both disorders.
   2. Trauma and environmental stressors can contribute to the development of MDD and Substance Use Disorder.

II. Body

1. Impact of....