Ethical Problem(s)
elevant Values

Stakeholders

Decision Making

Utilitarianism

Problems with Utilitarianism

Deontology

awlsian Ethics

oss's Ethical Theory

Natural Law Theory

Ethical Analysis

Scenario

A Pennsylvania hospital is faced with a non-U.S. born 5-year-old daughter of undocumented immigrants who has a life-threatening need for a 2 million dollar transplant. Using critical analysis and your ethics knowledge render and defend a decision about whether to provide the transplant.

Ethical problem(s)

One of the ethical problems present is the fact that the 5-year-old was born in undocumented immigrants parents. She also was a non-United States citizen. Another problem is the child has a life threatening disease that requires a transplant for a substantiate amount of money that is two million dollar to be spending on a non-U.S. citizen. The case that is being presented brings into focus a number of the most currently vital questions that occur in the gap of medicine and politics. If this case were one of only medicine, then both the questions and…...

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References

Dwyer, J. (2004, February). Illegal immigrants, health care, and social responsibility. The Hastings Center Report, 34(1), 34-41. Retrieved from http://benedictine.learntoday.info/AngelUploads/Content/MPH-603-D3A3/_assoc/site/MM/WK5_Dwyer_Article.pdf

Kershaw, S. (2007). U.S. rule limits emergency care for immigrants. Retrieved from http://benedictine.learntoday.info/AngelUploads/Content/MPH-603-D3A3/_assoc/site/MM/WK5_NYTimes%20_%20No_Healthcare_for_Illegals.doc

Maximiano, J.M.B. (2003). Corporate social responsibility: Basic principles and best practices: Historico-philosophical issues in international business. Manila: DLSU University Press.

Nonetheless, internet breach occurs routinely; further steps need to be taken.
Options for resolving these issues

Part of the issue revolves around ambivalent ways of defining PII as well as the fact that the constructs of identity are still in flux. PII, at one moment, can become non-PII during the next, and the reverse is the case, too. Moreover, computer science has shown that, in many instance, data that is consider non-PII and, therefore, not regulated, has been used to identify a person and that this data should, theorem, be called PII. The definition of PII, accordingly, transcends boundaries, and may be difficult to pin down. Given its malleability, some observers have even suggested altogether rejecting PII as the tool for defining privacy law.

The first issue, therefore (it seems to me) is to start off with a clear definition of PII and here we may adopt the approach of chwartz and…...

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Schwartz, PM & Solove, DJ (2011) the PII Problem: Privacy and a New Concept of Personally Identifiable Information New York University Law Review, Vol. 86, p. 1814,

Sweeney, L (n.d.) Standards of Privacy of Individually Identifiable Health Information. Carnegie Mellon University. http://privacy.cs.cmu.edu/dataprivacy/HIPAA/HIPAAcomments.html

United States Department of Defense. "MEMORANDUM for DOD FOIA OFFICES."  http://www.dod.mil/pubs/foi/withhold.pdf )

' Although for major critics this is not an issue, given that their meals are paid for by their newspaper and they invariably will refuse, for bloggers and part-time critics from smaller newspapers whose meals are not 'comped' by their bosses, this makes the restaurant's behavior even shadier. It is as if the restaurant is paying for a good review that will not specifically be labeled an advertisement.
Of course, it could be argued that it is the critic's responsibility to conceal his or her identity, and the restaurant can do what it likes to receive a good review as part of its on-site advertising campaign. But while providing good service -- like giving a customer on a 'tipping' chair a new seat, or making sure the bread is fresh -- might not cross the ethical line, free food or service above and beyond what the average diner could hope to…...

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Reference

Colapinto, John. (2009, November 16) Why restaurant critics need anonymity. The New Yorker

Retrieved March 22, 2010

 http://www.newyorker.com/online/blogs/newsdesk/2009/11/john-colapinto-restaurant-critics-anonymity.html#ixzz0iwSsbB8g

But "few states with mandatory insurance for IVF still require couples to undergo three cycles of ovulation induction and artificial insemination before IVF" thus encouraging the use of a technology more likely to result in multiple births (Roan, 2007, p.4).
hen contemplating the use of fertility drugs or IVF, the American College of Obstetrics and Gynecology advocates discussing the possibility of selective reduction and the patient's comfort level with this practice before any procedures are performed. However, its guidelines, are not binding. For example, "the U.S. fertility industry has guidelines on how many embryos doctors can implant, with the number varying by age and other factors. The guidelines call for no more than one or two for a generally healthy woman under 35, and no more than three to five, depending on the embryos' maturity, for women over 40" (atkins & Neergaard 2008). Eight embryos would be "well beyond" these…...

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Works Cited

Caplan, Arthur. "Ethics and octuplets." The Philadelphia Inquirer. February 6, 2009.

June 13, 2009.  http://www.philly.com/inquirer/opinion/20090206_Ethics_and_octuplets__Society_is_responsible.html 

"Extreme multiple births carry tremendous risks." CNN. January 28, 2009. June 13, 2009.

 http://edition.cnn.com/2009/HEALTH/01/28/octuplet.risks/index.html

more tactically satisfactory mothers in the form of cloth giving no food. Other young monkeys were given a choice between wire mothers that did not provide food and cloth mothers who did give food. A second control group was given normal mothers. Unsurprisingly, the monkeys all preferred the cloth surrogates, whether they gave food or not, under most circumstances. They study concluded that if simulated adequately, surrogate motherhood was not harmful, provided it fulfilled the child's basic tactile and nutritional needs, and also that feeling and touching was crucial to early development in children.
Again, one wonders at the value of the study, given that institutionalized children could have been observed from the past, or case studies could be examined of abused children to prove this thesis. Also, given Harlow's generalizations about the value of nursery school and the ability of fathers to prove love from the experiment, one might…...

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Works Cited

Harlow, Harry. (1958) "The Nature of Love." First Published 1958. Posted at Classics of Psychology on Mar 2000. Retrieved at Classics of Psychology on 18 Jul 2006  http://psychclassics.yorku.ca/Harlow/love.htm 

Lesson in Depravity." (2006) New Life. Retrieved on http://www.new-life.net/milgram.htm

Zimbardo, Stanley. (2006) "The Stanford Prison Experiment." Official Website. 2006. (http://www.prisonexp.org/)

company through ethical problem years. ead article summarize key points: company involved; problem hand; steps company; outcry public/government; final outcome. Then analyze issue involved: How event avoided; what company; what charge; long -term effects issue.
Goldman Sachs' Greek tragedy

Companies' misbehavior usually has a deleterious effect upon their customers, employees, and shareholders. However, in the case of the investment banking firm Goldman Sachs, the unethical behavior of Goldman caused the downfall of an entire country and has impeded the economic growth of the European Union. "One deal created by Goldman Sachs helped obscure billions in debt from the budget overseers in Brussels," enabling the nation of Greece to conceal its debt from the EU when it first made a bid for membership, and to continue to "skirt European debt limits" mandatory for continued membership in the EU (Story, Thomas & Schwartz 2010: 1).

In 2001, Greece was admitted to the European Union,…...

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References

Story, Louise, Landon Thomas & Nelson Schwartz. (2010). Wall Street helped to mask debt fueling Europe's crisis. The New York Times. Retrieved:  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/02/14/business/global/14debt.html?_r=1&pagewanted=1&th&emc=th 

Surowiecki, James. (2011). Dodger mania. The New Yorker. Retrieved:

 http://www.newyorker.com/talk/financial/2011/07/11/110711ta_talk_surowiecki#ixzz1u2VqAbuf

Additionally, some person in management determined that cutting costs in maintenance and not having a plan was acceptable risk. The company held that the event was unforeseeable, though the contingency of such an event could have likely been conceived as a potential disaster, and hence planned for. In this case, engineering ethics application would have determined at some point that the company had a duty to respect the rights of individuals and to behave in a manner upholding that duty (Fleddermann, 2008, p. 46).
In the Aberdeen Three, three civilian managers were prosecuted for violating the RCRA in allowing the unsafe storage of hazardous chemicals that posed a health risk to workers, civilians, and the natural environment. The managers claimed they were unaware of the companies storage practices. Yet in law, negligence is not an excuse for culpability, and the managers were given jail time and fines. The issue here…...

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Bibliography

Fleddermann, C. (2008). Engineering Ethics. Ann Arbor: Prentice Hall.

Kligyte, V., Marcy, R., Waples, E., Sevier, S., Godfrey, E., Mumford, M., et al. (2008). Application of a Sensemaking Approach to Ethics Training in the Physical Sciences and Engineering. Science and Engineering Ethics, 251-278.

Palmer, J., Smith, T., Willetts, J., & Mitchell, C. (2007). Creativity, Ethics, and Transformation. Systemic Development: Local Solutions in a Global Environment (p. 10). Auckland: ANZYS.

That particular ethical concern may be harder to define precisely, simply because it may be too restrictive and no different from the types of decisions considered appropriate in the U.S. In that regard, provided it violates no domestic or foreign laws and that it is not undertaken for the purpose of shifting the environmental risk (osenstand, 2008), the relocation is no different from situating a similar plant in any local community that does not benefit from the existence of the plant.

eferences

osenstand, N. (2008). The Moral of the Story: An Introduction to Ethics.…...

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References

Rosenstand, N. (2008). The Moral of the Story: An Introduction to Ethics. New York:

McGraw-Hill

Their primary duty is that of guiding the spiritual and religious aspects of the lives of their community members. They should give the highest priority to their duties towards the community including church service, counseling and other ceremonial functions required by their profession. As part of their professional and ethical duties, pastors are also required to show an interest in community development and increase their participation in community activities. This has become a necessity in modern culture because people expect institutions to take an interest and an active role in the community development efforts. Institutions cannot expect to benefit from the resources of the society and not give back. This is why business organizations, universities and even political parties make community development a part of their organization's commitment to the society and the people they serve. eligious institutions like the church are also expected to follow this example. The…...

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References

Arnold, W.V. (1982). Introduction to Pastoral Care. Westminster John Knox Press.

Bush, J.E. (2006). Gentle Shepherding: Pastoral Ethics and Leadership. Chalice Press.

Gula, R.M. (1996). Ethics in Pastoral Ministry. Paulist Press.

Hewart-Mills, D. (2011). Pastoral Ministry. Xulon Press.

Education on ethics must be wider compared to "moral development" in that it must tackle the broader consideration of a wide-ranging vocation, and constricted in that it must tackle problems particularly to the accounting vocation. (esearch on Accounting Ethics)
Definite duties of the accounting profession are put forth in the different code of ethics circulated by important establishments like the AICPA. The AICPA's foremost rule of professional conduct declares: In discharging their duties as professionals, associates must implement responsive professional and moral views in all their works. (Business and Accounting Ethics) the failure of auditor sovereignty infringing ule 101 of the AICPA Code of Professional Conduct was the topic of a research project using 2,000 arbitrarily chosen AICPA members in public accounting profession as a staff auditor, senior, or manager. These executives were offered with 15 roles that are an infringement of ule 101 and were directed to give their…...

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References

Accounting and Accountability: A Challenge for corporate culture. The 13th International Symposium on Ethics, Business and Society. IESE Business School, University of Navarra. Barcelona, Spain. May 7-8, 2004. Retrieved at   Accessed on 25 April, 2005.http://www.iese.edu/en/files/6_6343.pdf .

Schachter, Joseph. Research on Accounting Ethics. CPA Journal. April 1999. Retrieved at   Accessed on 25 April, 2005.http://www.nysscpa.org/cpajournal/1999/0499/News_Views/NV12.HTM .

Smith, Katherine T; Smith, Murphy. L. Business and Accounting Ethics. 21 June, 2003.

Retrieved at Accessed on 25 April, 2005.http://acct.tamu.edu/smith/ethics/ethics.htm.

Milgram's study illustrates that many who have had the responsibility taken from them are although not happy but content to continue with a procedure as long as they are not directly held responsible, thereby giving rise to an obedience through social bonding and situations (Hayes & Orell PG).

In this situation in a comparison with the Tuskegee experiment and Milgram's experiment it can be argued that the members of the medical team were acting under orders from the government and therefore were blameless in their experiments as were the teachers in theory only following orders, obviously this form of passing blame can be seen be as a paradigm in ethical understanding as we are all cogent beings with the ability to reason and question yet it seems when a person is actively allowing himself to take the blame as such then all reason as to ethical understandings of what is right…...

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Bibliography

Brown, Kathleen W.; Cozby, Paul C.; Kee, Daniel W.; Worden, Patricia E (1999) Research methods in human development (2nd ed.). Mountain View, California, Mayfield Publishing Company.

Burley, Kim a., (1995 08-01), Family variables as mediators of the relationship between work-familyconflict and marital adjustment among dual-career men and women.. The Journal of Social Psychology, Vol. 135, pp 483(15).

Crane a (1999 Jul) Are you ethical? Please tick yes or no on researching ethics in business organizations, Journal of Business Ethics 20 (3): 237-248

Journal is published by Kluwer Academic Publishers)

However, if it were the case that the Chinese legal system protected the innocent and executed only those criminals who have been properly, duly, and fairly convicted and sentenced for crimes appropriately punished by execution, it is much harder to argue against the use of their organs to benefit society. From an objective point-of-view, once a person dies, it is wasteful not to use his or her organs to benefit living people. The attachment we have to the body after death is primarily a function of social learning and nonsensical superstition in the first place. Logically, it would be ethically permissible, to require that organs be harvested from all deceased persons once their families have had the opportunity to pay their respects.
The ethical problem in this case is much more about the way that Chinese citizens become prisoners in the first place and the way that the decision to…...

Ethics in Technology
Business - Management

The purpose of this paper is to highlight and present the ethical issues that are involved in using modern technology. The paper highlights some of the current ethical issues faced by computer users that are due to unethical practice and lack of proper ethical policies by different businesses. The paper pinpoints the causes and gives recommendation on how the current issues can be minimized. A portion of this paper also consists of lawsuits that have recently occurred due to unethical practices adopted by businesses.

Ethics in Technology

We live in a modern era, the era of modern technology and innovation. Our lives are encircled by modern creations. These technology and advancement have surely brought comfort and ease in our life but unfortunately, the use of modern technology has also given rise to many ethical problems out of which few are a topic of discussion in this paper. The…...

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References

Anderman, E.M., & Burton Murdock, E. (2007). Psychology of academic cheating. (p. 1). California, USA: Elsevier Academic Press.

Morley, D., & Parker, C.S. (2009). Understanding computers: Today and tomorrow, comprehensive. (12th ed., p. 712). Boston, USA: Course Technology Cengage Learning.

Rogozea, L. (2009). Towards ethical aspects on artificial intelligence. Manuscript submitted for publication, Transylvania University of Brasov, Romania. Retrieved from  http://www.academia.edu/1044129

Ethical Issues in Nursing
Scenario

The scenario in this study involves a nurse who has intentionally disregarded the elderly patient's expressed wishes to receive pressure area care. The patient finds the procedure uncomfortable, embarrassing, and painful. The nurse continues to turn the patient in spite of the patient's wishes. This study will answer if the nurse is justified in turning the patient and if so, on what ethical grounds and if not then why not. This case will be discussed in light of the principles of bioethics and at least one ethical issue.

The work of Lakeman (2000) entitled "Nurses as Tools: Instrumentality and Implications for Nursing Ethics" states "Nurses are left in a particularly compromised position when required to administer compulsory treatment. The task of administering the treatment is often left to nurses who are legally required to follow "doctor's orders." There is little room for conscientious objection by nurses, as a…...

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Bibliography

Browning, J.S. (2007) Ethical Issues in Nursing Practice; Identifications and Comparisons Across Clinical Specialty. Ethical Issues. 12 Jul 2007. Retrieved from:  http://stti.confex.com/stti/congrs07/techprogram/paper_32839.htm 

Johnstone, M.-J. (1999). Bioethics: a nursing perspective. (3rd ed.). Sydney: Harcourt Saunders.

Jonsen, AR, Siegler, M and Winslade, WJ (1998) Clinical Ethics: A Practical Approach to Ethical Decisions in Clinical Medicine, 4th ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc., 1998.

Kurtz, R.J., & Wang, J. (1991). The caring ethic: more than kindness, the core of nursing science. Nursing Forum, 26(1), 4-8.

Ethics
The employee is faced with ethical requirements throughout their workday that must be met with knowledge and a trained attitude. Workplace ethics is one of the most crucial elements whether the person involved in an ethical dilemma is a high-level manager or an entry-level employee. An ethical stance is important because it is what guides the interactions that the employees will have with each other, their management, and the customers that patronize their products. It is also important that the business leaders follow an internal and external ethical stance so that the culture generated within the company is one that promotes positive ethical practices. This paper begins by talking about the way that the business leaders view the external world of ethics through accounting practices and how they deal with other companies. The discussion then moves inside the company and how the management treats its employees. Employee to employee interactions…...

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References

Brandt-Rauf, S.I., Brabdt-Rauf, E., Gershon, R., Li, Y., & Brandt-Rauf, P.W. (2011). Genes, jobs, and justice: Occupational medicine physicians and the ethical, legal, and social issues of genetic testing in the workplace. Ethics & Medicine, 27(1), 51-55.

Dinkins, C.S. (2011). Ethics: Beyond patient care practicing empathy in the workplace. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 16(2), 1-8.

Embse, T.J.V.D., Desai, M.S., & Ofori-Brobbey, K. (2010). A new perspective on ethics safeguards: Where is the clout? SAM Advanced Management Journal, 75(3), 4-13.

Klimek, J., & Wenell, K. (2011). Ethics in accounting: An indispensable course? Academy of Educational Leadership Journal, 15(4), 107-113.

Heroism in the Crosshairs: Unveiling the Social Problems Associated with the Cult of Heroes

Introduction:

Heroism, a concept often imbued with grandeur and reverence, has long been celebrated in societies across cultures and time. However, beneath the idealized facade of heroes lies a complex tapestry of social problems that warrant critical examination. This essay delves into the intricate social problems associated with the cult of heroes, shedding light on the psychological, sociological, and ethical ramifications that arise from an overemphasis on heroic narratives.

Psychological Problems:

Inflated Expectations: The exaltation of heroes sets unrealistic expectations on individuals, leading to feelings of inadequacy and despair....