Genocide
The second most studied instance of genocide is the methodical killing of the Armenian population that lived in the Ottoman Empire during and following the First World War. However, there were also other ethnic groups that were targeted by the Ottoman Empire during the same period such as Greeks and Assyrians murdered in a broader context of killing non-Muslims (Dixon, 2010). There are some historians who consider those groups to be a part of the same procedure of elimination by the Turks. In any event the genocide was executed by way of indiscriminate massacres and deportations. The deportations were forced long-term marches into the dessert under extreme conditions that were designed to bring about the death of those that were deported. The beginning of the genocide is generally reported as April 24, 1915 (ed Sunday) when the Ottoman authorities arrested 250 Armenian community leaders and intellectuals in Constantinople. Following these…...
mla
References
Akcam, T. (2004). From empire to republic: Turkish nationalism and the Armenian genocide. London: Zed Books.
Dixon, J. (2010). Defending the nation? Maintaining Turkey's narrative of the Armenian Genocide. South European Society and Politics, 15(3), 467-485.
Holthouse, D. (2008). State of denial: Turkey spends millions to cover up Armenian genocide. Southern Poverty Law Center, Intelligence Report, Summer, 130, 48-57. .
Mazian, F. (1990). Why genocide?: The Armenian and Jewish experiences in perspective. Ames: Iowa University Press.
This is despite the politics, regarding the authority and scope of the court. Where, it is slowly proving to have an impact, in prosecuting those who commit acts of genocide. (Reynolds)
Cleary, the various international laws are having an impact upon the way wars are being fought. Where, the act of genocide is becoming increasingly discouraged, because of the conventions that are in place and an effective mechanism to prosecute such crimes. However, the creation of an international court to effectively go after those who commit such atrocities is: continuing to be hotly debated. At the heart of the issue, is the overall power of the court in relations to the nation state's court system and how it will be used. This has caused some countries (such as the U.S.) not participate in the ICC. Since, the United States is the biggest advocates of human rights; this causes many to…...
mla
Bibliography
"Rome Statute." UN. 2002. Web. 27 Jun. 2010
Dworikinb, Anothony. "The Hague Tribunal After Milosevic." Open Democracy. 2006. Web. 27 Jun. 2010
Former President Bill Clinton "stood by" while what Power calls "the fastest, most efficient killing spree of the twentieth century" ravaged families in Africa. In 1998, he would issue an apology for the inactivity (Power). Indeed, his refusal to call the genocide by the term that Lemkin designated for the violence just 50 years prior was met with international scorn.
The Darfur crisis is another, more recent, exhibit of genocide. In this case, a military group called the Janjaweed has engaged in the execution and displacement of many black Africans. This time, the United States did not hesitate to use the term, but the incident brought forward a controversy regarding genocide as a legal term and when it can and cannot be used (British Broadcasting Corporation).
Regardless of its legal definition, genocide is an incredible travesty of international proportion. In the 21st century, as globalization and education attempt to cross cultural…...
In other words, until the amount of the dead is considered high enough to have an internal effect, there will be little or no aid to the endangered population.
Summaries
"Eyewitness Testimony"
Raphael Lempkin was a man who escaped Nazism in 1939 and came to the U.S. After the war, he worked with the League of Nations to ensure that crimes against a group of people would be punished. He is credited with coining the term "genocide." He was not just concerned with the murderous actions of the Nazis, but also of the Ukranians and Russians, Poles and Slavs, and all other groups who were victimized because of how they differed from the attacking group.
"Ghost of Rwanda."
In Rwanda, 800,000 people were killed by racial extremists. The Tutsis were massacred by the Hutu because of racial differences. The Tutsis had been a rebellious group which demanded equal land from Hutu-controlled territory. The UN…...
mla
Works Cited:
"?Ghosts of Rwanda?
- YouTube." YouTube - Broadcast Yourself. Web. 30 July 2011.
.
"Preventing Genocide - Gallery - Eyewitness Testimony - Raphael Lemkin." United States
These were merely some of the first steps in the dehumanization of the Jewish people, and once Germans began to look at Jews as something less than themselves, they were able to permit genocide to occur.
Of course, not all genocide occurs in the same way. In Rwanda, there was a long history of animosity between the Tutsi and the Hutu. The two groups were engaged in outright warfare against each other. Therefore, there was more of a basis for actual distrust, hatred, and even murder, because of ongoing bi-lateral hostilities between the groups. What really pushed the situation towards genocide in Rwanda was the use of children as soldiers. Taken while they were still very young and formative, these children were used as cannon fodder, and those that survived were frequently stripped of the ability to empathize or any of the other characteristics that most people consider human. In…...
The challenge on traditional culture that is resulted from both external cultural and political influences, as well as internal changes is extremely strong and this is the core of Islamic fundamentalism. Fundamentalism arises as a backlash towards the fragmenting of national identity and cultural transparency. Many traditionalists feel that they need to compensate for the growing modernity of their nations by bringing back their fundamental roots, and thus they take extreme actions. This is evidenced particularly in audi Arabia, where the conflict between fundamentalists and modernists are evident. While the nation is awash with oil wealth, it has transformed them into a modern state with all of the benefits of economic status and technology. However, fundamentalists argue that the country has left behind their religion and cultural values to succumb to western wealth. Therefore they consistently combat these forces through the employment of radical measures including terrorism. The rise…...
mla
Sources. How do these criteria help us to improve our understanding of the Past?
The criteria for evaluating primary and secondary sources is the understanding of how to correctly interpret documentation and evidence that is given first and second hand. Primary source documents are documents that come from the specific time period that reflects the event without any additional interpretation. While secondary sources are information that has been processed and explained through an intermediary. Both of these sources are extremely important in understanding the past as they dictate how we can fully appreciate and understand the impact of historical events. The Criteria itself works because it teaches us when and how to understand different types of sources. For instance, primary sources give an excellent interpretation of perspectives, but does a very poor job of giving us a broad and macroscopic understanding of specific issues. Whereas secondary sources are extremely important in evaluating a broad perspective of events while being very poor assessment of the specific events because they are often biased with the conclusions and perspectives of the author.
Additional countries, such as Argentina, Czech epublic, Chile, Slovak epublic, Spain, Balearic Islands and the Vatican made a Holodomor declaration. ussia continues to be complete denial and is utilizing it political influence to refute that this event ever happened and that it was a deliberate act. In fact, in ussia it has been made illegal to commemorate this event. Stalin's Soviet communist success of relying food as a weapon to assume power over a specific people and eliminate them was a first. Since then, this has become a much-used vehicle in the arsenal of communist regimes, such as China, North Korea, Ethiopia, Cambodia, and Zimbabwe, to follow suit and do the same to their people (Weitz, 2003)
Some people may not consider this a true "genocide," but what is happening in Darfur cannot be anything but an annihilation of a people. What is worse, it did not happen decades ago,…...
mla
References
Courtois, S. (1977) The Black Book of Communism: Crimes, Terror, Repression. Boston: Harvard University
Darfur Scores Accessed April 14, 2010. Available at www.darfurscores.org/darfur
Hollander, Paul 2008 Political Violence: Belief, Behavior, and Legitimation New York: Macmillan.
Hryshko, V. (1983) The Ukrainian Holocaust of 1933, Toronto: Bahrianyi Foundation.
Genocide in Germany
What are the questions you are asking in your paper and what is the main argument?
What constitutes genocide and what was the worst genocide in recent world history? Genocide is a traumatic part of world history. The term genocide was coined in the aftermath of World War II. When the world learned that more than six million Jewish people had been murdered by the German military because of their beliefs, the universal reaction was disgust and disbelief.
What are the five sources you will be using?
Bartov, Omer. The Holocaust: Origins, Implementation, Aftermath. New York, NY: Routledge,
Print.
Dwork, Deborah & Robert Jan van Pelt. The Holocaust: a History. New York, NY: Norton,
2002. Print.
Gilbert, Martin. The Holocaust. New York, NY: Henry Hold, 1985. Print.
Paxton, Robert O. Europe in the Twentieth Century. 5th. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt College,
2012. Print.
Rossel, Seymour. The Holocaust: the World and the Jews. Springfield, NJ: Behrman, 1992.
In 1959, Mutara III died and was succeeded by Kigeri V. he Hutus contended that the new mwami had not been properly chosen, and fighting broke out between the Hutus and the utsis (who were aided by the wa). he Hutus emerged victorious, and some 100,000 utsis, including Kigeri V, fled to neighboring countries. Hutu political parties won the election of 1960; Gregoire Kayibanda became interim prime minister. In early 1961 a republic was proclaimed, which was confirmed in a UN-supervised referendum later in the year. Belgium granted independence to Rwanda on July 1, 1962(History http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860866.html)."
he first president elected following the Constitution adoption was Kayibanda / He was then re-elected two more times.
In 1964, following an incursion from Burundi, which continued to be controlled by its utsi aristocracy, many utsis were killed in Rwanda, and numerous others left the country (History http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/world/A0860866.html).In 1971-72, relations with Uganda were bitter after…...
mla
To put it in terms that are easily understood, if one had been a Tutsis, residing in Rwanda at the time of the Genocide one would not be alive today.
Genocide is not a word that is used without deep thought. It is a word that congers up visions of mass murders for no reason. It is a word that paints a picture of all human compassion gone bad and the delightful killing of thousands or hundreds of thousands of innocents.
The United Nations provides a definition of Genocide to be "acts committed with the intent to destroy, in whole or in part, a national, ethnical, racial, or religious group (History, 1999)."
Although at a declarative level, genocide is considered to be one of the greatest crimes against humanity, few countries are actually wiling to become actively involved in stopping it. In the last decade there have been numerous examples of the UN failing to prevent the death of millions of people throughout the world. Maybe the most significant example is Rwanda; there was a general trend among the Security Council members to limit the commitment of national troops for a consistent UN presence in Kigali. The arguments against a humanitarian intervention to stop the fighting between the Hutu and Tutsi revolved around the implications such actions might have had on the neighboring countries and their undermining of authority in the region, as well as the on the inability to assure security for the UN personnel. (Graybill, 2002) Taking into consideration the failure of the UNSOM I and UNSOM II and…...
mla
Works Cited
Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide, Dec. 9, 1948, 78 U.N.T.S. 277, entered into force Jan. 12, 1951.
Graybill, Lyn. "Responsible.... By Omission: The United States and Genocide in Rwanda." Seton Hall Journal of Diplomacy and International Relations. Winter/Spring 2002: 86-103.
Russbach, Oliver. L'ONU contre l'ONU. Le droit international confisque. Paris: La Decouverte, 1994.
Schlesinger, Stephen. Act of Creation. The Founding of the United Nations. Colorado: Westview, 2003.
West Papua
The author of this report has been asked to review and summarize the ongoing genocide and other atrocities that have been occurring in West Papua since World War II. Further, it will be explored why and how these atrocities and instances of genocide have been obscured and hidden from the peoples of the West by the media and other bodies that should normally report and summarize what is really going on. While some reports of atrocities and wrongdoing is conjecture or fiction, this is certainly not the case with West Papua.
To give a little bit of context, the West Papua region mentioned above in the introduction is a province and section of Indonesia. Part of the problem when it comes to journalists reporting on the area is that journalists are often condemned and shunned when they so much as ask about the region and what is going on there.…...
mla
References
Cultural Survival. (2015). West Papua: Forgotten War, Unwanted People. Cultural Survival. Retrieved 9 September 2015, from http://www.culturalsurvival.org
Genocide the term "genocide" is a harsh word. It is a word used to describe the decimation of an entire people and culture. Sadly, this word has also become common cultural and political parlance in the vocabulary of America and the world today, given the horrific events that transpired during orld ar II in Europe, and later, during the 20th century in Cambodia, Rwanda, and Bosnia. But is the present American nation, long before these chronicled events of recent memory, stained with a similar historical blemish of cultural eradication? ere the words spoken by one English colonist, "the only good savage is a dead savage," (Relle & Madras, 2003) merely hyperbole or representative of the English nation's entire ideology regarding the native peoples of the Americas?
David Stannard says yes, what transpired between the colonists and the natives was genocide. Specifically, he states of the war between the colonists of Connecticut…...
mla
Works Cited
Stannard, David. American Holocaust. Oxford University Press, 1992.
Katz, David. The Pequot War Reconsidered." From The New England Quarterly. June 1991.
Relle, James & Larry Madaras, Taking Sides/Clashing Views on Controversial Issues In American History. Volume I. 10th Edition. Duskin McGraw-Hill, 2003.
Both Nazism and Communism have been proved of being highly ineffective and dangerous for humanity.
Some of the reasons which made it easier for the genocide that took place during the Holocaust to occur were Hitler's clever schemes and the favorable conditions in which Germans were searching for a scapegoat that they could blame for their deficiencies.
The Khmer Rouge regime has ruled over Cambodia from 1975 to 1979 and it is yet another example of genocide when considering the number of innocents that it claimed and the reasons it had for doing so. Despite the fact that both the Khmer Rouge Regime and the Nazi Regime were guilty of taking the lives of millions, the methods through which the two acted are opposite with one being communist and the other fascist.
ith the Marxist leader Pol Pot in charge, the Khmer Rouge army attempted to take Cambodia back to its roots…...
mla
Works Cited
Heidenrich, John G. How to Prevent Genocide: A Guide for Policymakers, Scholars, and the Concerned Citizen. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2001.
Hirsch, Herbert. Anti-Genocide: Building an American Movement to Prevent Genocide. Westport, CT: Praeger, 2002.
Leblanc, Lawrence J. The United States and the Genocide Convention. Durham, NC: Duke University Press, 1991.
In the Nineteenth Century, Mahmud II and Abdulmecid promulgated reforms that gave to millet the sense it has always had to Nineteenth and Twentieth Century Western scholars, diplomats, and politicians.
The millet system furnished, degree of religious, cultural, and ethnic continuity within these communities, while on the other it permitted their incorporation into the Ottoman administrative, economic and political system. An ethnic-religious group preserved its culture and religion while being subject to continuous 'Ottomanization' in other spheres of life."
Non-Muslim minority groups, like the Armenians, were kept distinct from mainstream society, while at the same time performing functions that contributed to the well-being of the Ottoman society. The effect was one in which the Armenians, and others, became components in a kind of organic machine, each becoming associated with a specialized function within the Empire. To a considerable extent, they controlled their own affairs, and maintained their separate customs and legal and…...
Adalian, Rouben Paul. "Chapter 2 The Armenian Genocide." In A Century of Genocide: Critical Essays and Eyewitness Accounts, edited by Totten, Samuel, William S. Parsons, and Israel W. Charny, 53-90. New York: Routledge, 2004.
A www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=110137945
Arkun, Aram. "4 Into the Modern Age, 1800-1913." In The Armenians: Past and Present in the Making of National Identity, edited by Herzig, Edmund and Marina Kurkchiyan, 65-88. London: RoutledgeCurzon, 2005
Most obviously, the scale upon which murder is committed seldom comes close to the number of deaths in genocide. Genocide on the other hand is usually committed by politically powerful persons or groups of persons on a very large scale. The motive behind this is the total eradication of a certain population group within a country for political or ideological reasons. In this, the udan government and its concomitant perpetrators of this crime should be held accountable to the highest degree of the law.
Currently, no such accountability is manifesting itself. The question is whether there is anything that can be done. My opinion is that any problem can be solved when certain measures are taken. For this particular problem, the root behind the matter needs to be established. At the root of the genocide problem is an outdated convention for a new manifestation of the problem. The world is…...
Certainly! Here are a few potential essay topics related to the Holocaust:
1. The role of bystanders during the Holocaust: How did individuals and countries around the world respond to the atrocities being committed, and what responsibilities did they have to intervene?
2. The impact of propaganda on the Holocaust: How did the Nazi regime use propaganda to dehumanize and demonize Jewish people and other targeted groups, and how did this contribute to the genocide?
3. Resilience and resistance in the face of persecution: Explore the stories of individuals who resisted Nazi oppression during the Holocaust, and examine the ways in which they....
Title: The Holocaust: A Profound Legacy of Intolerance and Resilience
Introduction: The Holocaust stands as an indelible scar on the conscience of humanity, a systematic campaign of extermination that extinguished millions of lives. Exploring this dark chapter in history offers a profound opportunity to learn, reflect, and work towards a future free from intolerance. This essay presents a comprehensive analysis of various aspects related to the Holocaust, delving into its historical context, the mechanisms of persecution, the experiences of victims, and the enduring legacy of remembrance and resilience.
Body Paragraph 1: Roots of Intolerance: Examining the Historical Context The Holocaust did not arise in a....
One recent news story in Canada that could be analyzed sociologically using concepts or theories is the controversy surrounding the recent discovery of unmarked graves at former residential school sites. This news has brought to light the long-standing issue of systemic racism and cultural genocide against Indigenous peoples in Canada.
In analyzing this news story, one could apply sociological concepts such as structural functionalism, conflict theory, or postcolonial theory to understand the historical and ongoing impacts of colonialism on Indigenous communities. One could also examine the role of power and privilege in perpetuating inequality and marginalization of Indigenous peoples within Canadian....
Sign Up for Unlimited Study Help
Our semester plans gives you unlimited, unrestricted access to our entire library
of resources —writing tools, guides, example essays, tutorials, class notes, and more.
