Research Paper
Undergraduate
Origins, progression, and significance of World War I
¶ … war, how it started, and the war's importance to world history. World War One was supposed to be the war that ended all other wars on the planet, and it was controversial from the day it started.
Elt in the Expanding Circle
Introduction
The 2001 maven conference bore testimony to the growth of interest in E W L' over the past few decades. In the years between ? the first major academic gathering on this subject, the seminal conference on cross-cultural communication held at the University of Illinois in 1978 (Kachru 1992), and MAVEN 2001, much has been written and spoken about the spread of English around the world, the diverse ways in which the language has developed in this process, especially in the Outer Circle,2 and about the wider implications of this unique socio- linguistic development. Crystal (2003) lists 75 territories in which English is currently spoken as either a) the principal or only L1, or b) as an L2 with official or institutionalized status (World Englishes). These range from Antigua to Zambia, spread across vast distances and exceptionally varied linguacultural contexts. Among these implications, the issue of the ownership of English and its passing from native to non-native speakers has received considerable comment. Graddol typically points out that ?native speakers may feel the language `belongs' to them, but it will be those who speak English as a second or foreign language who will determine its world future? (1997: 10).