Health
The Baltimore City Health Department

e: Chronic Kidney Disease Can Be Prevented with Nutrition Education

According to the National Kidney Foundation, 26 million Americans have chronic kidney disease (CKD), and "millions of others are at risk." Of the populations most at risk include African-Americans. Persons with HIV / AIDS are also at risk for developing complications related to CKD. Diabetes and high blood pressure are the most common precursors for CKD, and African-Americans are at higher risk for diabetes and high blood pressure than the rest of the American population (National Kidney Foundation, 2012). Moreover, African-Americans are at a higher risk for developing end-stage renal disease (ESD) versus other ethnic groups. Because the state of Maryland has a relatively high incidence of CKD cases, and because the state also has a large number of African-American residents, this public health issue must be addressed promptly. Chronic kidney disease and related complications are, furthermore,…...

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References

National Kidney Foundation (2012). Chronic kidney disease. Retrieved online:  http://www.kidney.org/kidneydisease/ckd/index.cfm

Health Department Proposal
The scope of the project would be that of reducing the numbers of parents who smoke in the presence of their asthmatic children. This problem is increasing in the context in which more children are diagnosed with this condition and as it increases in severity when they are exposed to second hand smoking.

The project addresses the parents of children with asthma who smoke and it would be completed through educational efforts and by presenting these parents with the information necessary to raising awareness of the severity of the condition and the dangers of smoking for their children.

The risks of asthma and smoking

Asthma is often neglected as a severe illness and this is due to the fact that less people come to suffer severe problems pegged to asthma, and the incidence of deaths caused by asthma has dramatically reduced throughout the recent years. This is generally due to…...

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References:

Kotler, P., Armstrong, G., 2010, Principles of marketing, 13th edition, Pearson Education

2011, Smoking and asthma, Kids Health,   last accessed on August 16, 2011http://kidshealth.org/parent/asthma_center/preventing_flareups/smoking_asthma.html 

2011, What is asthma? National Heart, Lung and Blood Institute,   last accessed on August 16, 2011http://www.nhlbi.nih.gov/health/dci/Diseases/Asthma/Asthma_WhatIs.html 

working arrangement at the County Health Department includes a five day work week of eight hours each day. An alternative to this would be to introduce a four day work week of ten hours each day, with every Friday a day off. This four day work week would increase productivity, increase employee motivation and result in significant cost savings for the department.
The four day work week would allow employees to be more productive, using more of their work time for work-related tasks. Firstly, all employees have a wind-up and a wind-down period, the wind-up where they begin to work and the wind-down where they prepare to stop working. The most efficient period is the middle period, where employees are fully focused on working. Longer work days means less time is spent in the wind-up and wind-down periods and more time is spent in the more efficient middle period. Secondly,…...

Healthcare Case Study Schuylkill County, PA
County Overview - Schuylkill County, Pennsylvania is located in the heart of the anthracite Coal region of Pennsylvania where the Schuylkill iver originates. Pottsville is the county seat, and the county showed a population of just under 150,000 as of 2010 with a density of 190 persons per square mile. The total area of the county is 782 square miles, almost all land, less than 1/2 a per cent water. The county's history, likely due to large coal deposits, focused on the railroad and industrialization (Schuylkill Chamber of Commerce, 2011).

The county experienced the high point of its population during the 1920s and 1930s, and has been losing people ever since, most between 1950 and 1970, with about a 1-2% population loss since the turn of the century. This is likely due to the lack of appropriate jobs and opportunities within the county. Schuylkill County is…...

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REFERENCES

County Health Statistics - Healthcare 2010. (2009, March). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of Health: http://www.portal.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt-in_hi_groupoperator_1=or&in_hi_req_objtype=18&in_hi_req_objtype=17&in_hi_req_objtype=512&in_hi_req_objtype=514&in_hi_req_objtype=43&in_hi_req_objtype=1&in_hi_req_apps=7&in_hi_req_page=10&in_ra_topoperator=or&

Comprehensive Plan. (2010, March). Retrieved from City of Pottsville, PA:  http://www.city.pottsville.pa.us/html/cp1.htm 

Election Statistics. (2010, June). Retrieved from Pennsylvania Department of State:  http://www.dos.state.pa.us/portal/server.pt/community/running_for_office/12704 

Schuylkill County. (2010, June). Retrieved from Sperling's Best Places USA:  http://www.bestplaces.net/economy/county/pennsylvania/schuylkill

Health Disparities in Louisville KY
Health Disparities

Health inequities have become a major problem in the United States. Hofrichter stresses in Tackling Health Inequities Through Public Health Practice:

A Handbook for Action ( 2006) that, "The awareness of the existence of inequities in health, health status and health outcomes between racial and ethnic groups in America is as old as the nation itself" (Hofrichter, 2006,P. vii). As will be discussed in this paper, these inequalities have a wide range of repercussions, including social and psychological implications. A definition of health disparity is: "... The difference in the incidence, prevalence, morbidity, mortality, and burden of diseases and other adverse health conditions that exist among specific population groups" ( Samuels, 2005).

There is also a consensus in the literature that inequalities in health and healthcare throughout the world are on the increase. This is largely due to the increasing gap between rich and poor within many…...

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References

Eliminating social and economic barriers to good health and safety: Louisville

Center for Health Equity. Retrieved from  http://www.preventioninstitute.org/component/jlibrary/article/id-278/127.html?tmpl=component&print=1 

Galvin, J.R. (2006) Diabetes. Ebony, 61 p. 157.

GradNation - Making the Connection: Health & Student Achievement. Retrieved from http://www.silentepidemic.net/Our-Work/Dropout-Prevention/~/media/Files/Our%20Work/Dropout%20Prevention/Grad%20Nation%20Action%20Forum/Steve%20Tarver%20working%20sess%20PPT.ashx

In 2004, a Ten-Year Plan to Strengthen Health Care was announced, primarily intended to improve access to medical services, decrease wait times, and update medical equipment and ensure accurate reporting and enhance public health promotion and prevention programs. Shortly thereafter, the Canadian Supreme Court affirmed the nation's health care philosophy and the immediate need to implement further improvements envisioned by the ambitious 2004 plan in striking down a Quebec law that had prohibited private medical insurance for covered services:

The evidence in this case shows that delays in the public health care system are widespread and that in some serious cases, patients die as a result of waiting lists for public health care...In sum, the prohibition on obtaining private health insurance is not constitutional where the public system fails to deliver reasonable services."

According to legal experts, the decision could "open the door to a wave of lawsuits challenging the health care…...

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References

Canadian Medical Association Journal.

1939 September; 41(3):

Chaoulli v. Quebec: Judgments of the Supreme Court of Canada Accessed, September 2, 2007, at http://scc.lexum.umontreal.ca/en/index.html

Kraus, C. (2005) Canada's Supreme Court Chips Away at National Health Care.

The research thus concludes the essence of having quality and effective legislation addressing the aspects of overall oral health of the people.
Additionally, the Canadian Dental Association also relates several issues of the overall body health to the oral health of the individual. In view of the article on the relation "oral health -- good life," the article gives information on the essence of good oral health, indicating some of the illnesses of ill oral health (Chattopadhyay, 2011). In this article, the relation between the ill oral health and the overall health of the body is that the mouth is the ingress to the body. Therefore, an individual with ill oral health is at the highest risk of having infection that affects the whole body system severely. According to this article, it emphasizes the need for dentists-patient relation as the dentists is the only person with the skill, expertise and…...

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References

Chattopadhyay, a. (2011). Oral health epidemiology: Principles and practice. Sudbury, Mass:

Jones and Bartlett Publishers.

Ramseier, C.A., & Suvan, J.E. (2010). Health behavior change in the dental practice. Ames,

Iowa: Wiley-Blackwell.

This, then, is a theory with a very wide extent, which seeks to move away from the biotechnical perspective, in direction of a more all-inclusive evaluation of health. Health is a right for all the people and it's an ideal state while nowadays it is been sold as a commodity by private insurance companies to increase their profits. This therefore is resulting in the loss of the people's lives and health.
At all stages in life, health is determined by compound interactions between communal and monetary factors, the corporal environment and individual behavior. And these factors which affect health are known as the determinants of health. Many other factors are there which combine together to affect the health of individuals and communities. Whether people are well or not, is determined by their conditions and surroundings. Factors such as the living standards, the state of environment, genetics, earnings and education level,…...

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References

1.  http://www.phac-aspc.gc.ca/ph-sp/phdd/determinants/determinants.htm 

  www.who.int/hia/evidence/doh/en /  http://www.uclan.ac.uk/facs/health/hsdu/homepage/health.htm http://www.rochesterunitarian.org/1999-2000/20000326.html 

Health: The Foundations for Achievement by David Seedhouse June 2001

Ethics: The Heart of Health Care by David Seedhouse April 1998

Community Teaching Plan
Community Teaching Work Plan Proposal

Directions: Develop an educational series proposal for your community using one of the following four topics which was chosen within your CLC group:

Bioterrorism/Disaster

Environmental Issues

Primary Prevention/Health Promotion

Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population

Planning Before Teaching:

Estimated Time Teaching Will Last:

Three 2-hour sessions

Location of Teaching:

Athens Community Health Department

Supplies, Material, Equipment Needed:

Laptop; digital projector; screen

Estimated Cost:

Community and Target Aggregate:

Athens Community Health Department, Athens, Georgia

Secondary Prevention/Screenings for a Vulnerable Population

Session I: Sources of Vulnerability

Session II:Implications for Healthcare Providers

Session III: Innovative Practice; Gordon's Functional Health Patterns Assessment

Epidemiological ationale for Topic (statistics related to topic):

The literature on vulnerable people clearly indicates that the special needs of these populations and the ubiquitous barriers to quality care access lead to traceable disparities in the provision of healthcare and in their health outcomes (Edelman & Mandle, 2006).

Nursing Diagnosis:

Any number of variables or combinations of variables can impact the healthcare experiences of individuals -- and…...

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References

Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality (AHRQ). National healthcare disparities report 2008. Chapter 3, Access to healthcare. Washington: AHRQ; 2008. Retrieved  http://www.ahrq.gov/qual/nhdr08/Chap3.htm 

Edelman, C.L. And Mandle, C.L. (2006). In D. Como, L. Thomas (Eds.), Health Promotion Throughout the Lifespan. St. Louis, Missouri: Mosby.

[Type text]

American Public Health Association Advocacy and Policy page that resonated the most with me was the process that this organization outlines for shaping public health policy. On the one hand, it was encouraging to see that this organization has issued a number of ways for virtually anyone to take action and attempt to affect the public health processes that influence this country. There are a variety of alerts that one can be a part of and which reach policymakers, as well as calendar dates pertaining to the organization's own public health initiatives. There is even information about taking trips to Washington D.C. And meeting with members of Congress. Perhaps the most interesting aspect about all of these avenues, however, is that they do not take account for the power of money. It is quite easy for any citizen to express his or her needs to policy makers regarding the…...

January 22, 2025Capstone ProgressPADM888AN ASSESSMENT OF MAYO DE BLASIO COVID LOCKDOWN POLICIES UPON THE MINOITY POPULATION IN TEMONT, NEW YOKCHAPTE ONE:INTODUCTIONOverviewThe panic regarding the 2020 COVID-19 pandemic led to new administrative challenges regarding protecting and serving communities at the same time. Many cities across America reacted to COVID by trying to curb the virus\\\'s spread through the implementation of lockdowns. Local governments implemented strict measures that changed daily life overnight and exposed the vulnerabilities of already underserved and marginalized communities.In New York City, one of the worst hit cities of the pandemic in the United States, Mayor Bill de Blasio\\\'s office issued a series of lockdown policies starting in March 2020 (NYC, 2020; Tolentino et al., 2021). Policies included the closure of non-essential businesses, the implementation of remote learning, the restriction of public gatherings, and the enforcement of social distancing in essential services (NYC, 2020). Legacy media reported on these…...

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REFERENCES2020 Health Alert #10: COVID-19 Updates for New York City Face Mask Use Policy, Swab Shortage, Reporting COVID-19 Related Deaths and Crisis Communication Resources (Office of the Mayor, 2020). Retrieved from 2020 Health Alert #13. 2020). Retrieved from https://www.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/han/alert/2020/covid-19-pediatric-multi-system-inflammatory-syndrome.pdf Ahmed, S. K. (2024). The pillars of trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of Medicine, Surgery, and Public Health, 2, 100051.Brennan, G. (2021). Park on the highway: building a cap park as a solution to decades of devastation caused by the construction of the Cross-Bronx expressway. Fordham Urb. LJ, 49, 825.Census Reporter. (2024). Retrieved from  https://censusreporter.org/profiles/14000US36005042901-census-tract-42901-bronx-ny/#:~:text=Census%20data%20for%20Census%20Tract%20429.01,%20Bronx,%20NY%20(pop.%203,048),  Clark, S., & Shabsigh, R. (2022). Background, the hospital system, the patient community, and the Bronx. In Health Crisis Management in Acute Care Hospitals: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Beyond (pp. 1-7). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Crabtree, B. F., & Miller, W. L. (2023). Doing qualitative research. Sage publications.De Blasio, B. (2020). Mayor de Blasio Issues New Guidance to New Yorkers. Retrieved from https://www.nyc.gov/office-of-the-mayor/news/173-20/mayor-de-blasio-issues-new-guidance-new-yorkers  Dorvil, S., Nieves, C., Pierre, J., Valdez, J., Dannefer, R., Shiman, L. J., & Diallo, F. (2023). Disruption of Healthcare in New York City During the COVID-19 Pandemic: Findings From Residents Living in North and Central Brooklyn, the South Bronx, and East and Central Harlem. Journal of Primary Care & Community Health, 14, 21501319231205992.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10619193/  El Diario. (n.d.). Retrieved from  https://eldiariony.com/  Erwin, P. C., Mucheck, K. W., & Brownson, R. C. (2021). Different responses to COVID-19 in four US states: Washington, New York, Missouri, and Alabama. American Journal of Public Health, 111(4), 647-651.Estevez, J. (2020). An analysis of Environmental Racism in the South Bronx: A discussion on the negligent, potentially racist political practices that have created conditions for dangerous air quality in the South Bronx.  https://soar.suny.edu/bitstream/handle/20.500.12648/13487/4557_jerielys.estevez.pdf?sequence=1  Forster, R., Griffen, A., Daily, J. P., & Kelly, L. (2024). Community-level variability in Bronx COVID-19 hospitalizations associated with differing population immunity during the second year of the pandemic. Virus Evolution, 10(1), veae090.Friedman, S., Insaf, T. Z., Adeyeye, T., & Lee, J. W. (2023). Spatial Variation in COVID-19 Mortality in New York City and Its Association with Neighborhood Race, Ethnicity, and Nativity Status. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(17), 6702. https://www.mdpi.com/1660-4601/20/17/6702/pdf Friedman, S., & Lee, J. W. (2023). COVID-19 mortality in New York City across neighborhoods by race, ethnicity, and nativity status. In Examining the COVID Crisis from a Geographical Perspective (pp. 79-99). Routledge.  https://scholarsarchive.library.albany.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1007&context=covid_mhd_nys_white_papers  Gephart, R. P. (2018). Qualitative research as interpretive social science. The SAGE handbook of qualitative business and management research methods: History and traditions, 33-53.Gilbert, K. L., Ransome, Y., Dean, L. T., DeCaille, J., & Kawachi, I. (2022). Social capital, Black social mobility, and health disparities. Annual review of public health, 43(1), 173-191.Hammond, B. (2021). 2020 HINDSIGHT: Rebuilding New York’s Public Health Defenses After the Coronavirus Pandemic. Retrieved from  https://www.empirecenter.org/publications/2020-hindsight/  Helmreich, W. B. (2023). The Bronx Nobody Knows: An Urban Walking Guide.Hick, J. L., Hanfling, D., Wynia, M. K., & Toner, E. (2021). Crisis standards of care and COVID-19: what did we learn? How do we ensure equity? What should we do?. NAM perspectives, 2021.Huang, Y., & Li, R. (2022). The lockdown, mobility, and spatial health disparities in COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of New York City. Cities, 122, 103549.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8806179/ Irimata, K. E., Pleis, J. R., Heslin, K. C., & He, Y. (2023). Reduced access to preventive care due to the COVID-19 pandemic, by chronic disease status and race and Hispanic origin, United States, 2020-2021. Public Health Reports, 138(2), 341-348.Jarrett, M., Garrick, R., Gaeta, A., Lombardi, D., Mayo, R., McNulty, P., ... & Krahn, W. D. (2022). Pandemic Preparedness: COVID-19 Lessons Learned in New York\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s Hospitals. Joint Commission journal on quality and patient safety, 48(9), 475-491.Lim, W. M. (2024). What is qualitative research? An overview and guidelines. Australasian Marketing Journal, 14413582241264619.Long, B. D. (2021). Prioritizing Preparation: Ensuring Access to Health Care through Hospitals\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\' Stockpiling of Personal Protective Equipment. Wyo. L. Rev., 21, 45.Naeem, M., Ozuem, W., Howell, K., & Ranfagni, S. (2023). A step-by-step process of thematic analysis to develop a conceptual model in qualitative research. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 22, 16094069231205789.Naz, N., Gulab, F., & Aslam, M. (2022). Development of qualitative semi-structured interview guide for case study research. Competitive Social Science Research Journal, 3(2), 42-52.NYC. (2020a). Mayor de Blasio Issues New Guidance to New Yorkers. Retrieved from https://www.nyc.gov/assets/doh/downloads/pdf/han/alert/2020/covid-19-update-04112020.pdf

Revised Research QuestionIn March 2020, Mayor Bill de Blasios office issued new guidance for New Yorkers, closing non-essential businesses and mandating remote learning for students. Essential businesses that remained open had to implement and enforce social distancing rules (NYC, 2020).How did these COVID-19 lockdown policies implemented by Mayor Bill de Blasio\\\'s office between March 2020-September 2020 affect the socio-economic conditions of low-income communities in the Tremont neighborhood of the Bronx? Specifically, what were the consequences of these policies on quality of life, job and housing stability, and access to essential services for the minority Tremont population?ReferencesClark, S., & Shabsigh, R. (2022). Background, the hospital system, the patient community, and the Bronx. InHealth Crisis Management in Acute Care Hospitals: Lessons Learned from COVID-19 and Beyond(pp. 1-7). Cham: Springer International Publishing.Helmreich, W. B. (2023). The Bronx Nobody Knows: An Urban Walking Guide.Friedman, S., Insaf, T. Z., Adeyeye, T., & Lee, J. W.…...

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Roldós, M. I., Jones, J., & Rajaballey, J. (2024). The First Steps to Building Research Collaborative Using Strength-Based Assessments and GIS Maps with a Sample of Community-Based Organizations in the Bronx, NY. Health Equity, 8(1), 66-75.   Huang, Y., & Li, R. (2022). The lockdown, mobility, and spatial health disparities in COVID-19 pandemic: A case study of New York City. Cities, 122, 103549.  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8806179/  https://scholar.google.com/scholar?output=instlink&q=info:LtCcRRY4ZlcJ:scholar.google.com/&hl=en&as_sdt=0,18&as_ylo=2020&scioq=pope+encyclical&scillfp=9178941485918948332&oi=lle 

Healthcare Industry Accountability
Beckham Company

After having read your article entitled the accountability crisis in healthcare, one may have several observations and suggestions concerning both the content and conclusions contained within. First are the generalizations indicting the healthcare industry, (particularly the not-for-profits), in terms of the alleged fragmentation between the parts that make up the whole; namely, according to your text, physicians, hospitals and insurers. One may also take umbrage at examples you employ to ensure accountability. While they appear on the surface to be worthy of merit, closer examinations reveal weaknesses in areas that may not be evident at first consideration. Finally, it appears that many of the examples cited as support for one point-of-view may support the opposing point-of-view equally as well. Let us examine the text more closely based on these issues.

The major generalizations made in the text are as follows:

Nobody is in control because they (the healthcare providers)…...

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REFERENCES

Leatherman, S. President, Center for Health Care Policy and Evaluation, Minneapolis. Measuring up: performance indicators for better healthcare. Published on December 09, 2001. page 18. Retrieved June 17, 2003 from   performance_indicators_for_better_healthcare.htmlhttp://www.oecdobserver.org/news/printpage.php/aid/557/Measuring_up:_ 

Beckham, J.D. The Accountability Crisis in Healthcare. The Healthcare Forum Journal. San Francisco. Sept/Oct 1997.

Healthcare Regulations Manual retrieved June 17, 2003 from 2003http://HCFA.gov.

Health Disparity
Health disparities refer to a certain kind of health-related difference closely tied to economic or social disadvantage. They negatively impact groups of individuals systematically subject to greater economic and social barriers to a hygienic environment and health, on the basis of their ethnic or racial group, age, gender, religion, mental health, socioeconomic standing, geographic location, gender identity or sexual orientation, physical, cognitive, or sensory disability, or any other characteristics that are associated historically with marginalization or discrimination (Department of Health & Human Services, 2011b).

Of all industrialized countries, the U.S. expends maximum resources on the area of healthcare; despite this, millions of U.S. citizens do not enjoy a chance to live a healthful life. Overall population health in the U.S. has witnessed improvements over time, but health disparities for underserved, racial minority and ethnic minority communities continue. Vulnerable population clusters such as ethnic and racial minorities, disabled individuals, and rural…...

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References

Center for Disease and Control. (2013). Conclusion and future directions: CDC health disparities and inequalities report -- United States, 2013. CDC Health Disparities and Inequalities Report -- United States, 2013, 62(3), 184.

Cooper, M. (2016). Clark County fighting minority health disparities. Retrieved from  http://www.springfieldnewssun.com/news/news/local/clark-county-fighting-minority-health-disparities/nq5wj/ 

Department of Health & Human Services. (2011a). HHS action plan to reduce racial and ethnic health disparities: A nation free of disparities in health and health care.

Health, U. D. o., & Services, H. (2011b). National partnership for action to end health disparities. Health Equality & Disparities.

Health Organization Case Study
The mission of Banner Healthcare is to make a difference in the lives of people through excellent patient care. They achieve this by providing leadership for excellence in patient safety and clinical care. Traditionally, healthcare institutions focused on analyzing aggregate performance, questioning causation, monitoring scorecards and identifying gaps. Planning and managing stages at integral to the process of achieving Banner Healthcare's vision. Planning entails the development of standards, rules, and work teams necessary for the work. Concurrent management involves patient-oriented care and coordinated health care. Across the various work teams, care management efforts and the number of people are involved in making clinical improvements across the organization have been gradually increasing.

This occurs regardless of whether they are work groups, system wide teams, strategic initiatives, and special projects. The work is organized under functional teams. Besides the functional teams, initiative work groups and clinical consensus groups guide the…...

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Reference

Wickramasinghe, N. & Sharma, S.K. (2010). Creating knowledge-based healthcare organizations. Hershey Penns: Idea Group Pub.