Human Computer Interaction
Human-Computer Interaction (HCI) is the study, planning and design of the way human beings and modern computing devices interact. It is a renaissance discipline, newer and more necessary now that a significant portion of the population use a computer on a regular basis. The term was actually coined in a book that maintains that unlike other tools that have been developed throughout human civilization, and computer has so many uses that were not even part of its design. Also the idea is that HCI is such a large topic of study because it includes psychology, behavior, computer science, medicine (especially kinesiology), pedagogy, and numerous other adaptive behaviors and studies (Card, et.al., 1986).
HCI and IBM- International Business Machines, IBM, has moved from working with its own PC brand to primarily the design, reinvention, and reinterpretation of research and development on computing issues. Its Center for Social Software, for instance,…...
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REFERENCES
Blankson, J. & Kyei-Blankson, L. (2008). Nontraditional students' perceptions of a blended course: integrating synchronous online discussion and face-to-face instruction. Journal of Interactive Learning Research, 19(3), 421-438.
Card, S., et.al., (1998). The Psychology of Human-Computer Interaction. Mahwah, NJ:
Lawrence Erlbaum.
Cheung, W., et.ak., (2008). Toward an understanding of why students contribute in asynchronous online discussions. Journal of Educational Computing Research, 38(1), 29-50.
Sunrise Alsprits, the software system used in the workplace currently include increased efficiency compared to the manual system, increased access to several records, and ability to use real-time data. The disadvantages of the system include a long response time, some difficult to use features, and down-time of the system (during system upgrades), which decreases the level of satisfaction. Sunrise Alsprits system has a major shortcoming in that it allows for short-cuts around the system. Certain recommendations to improve the system to increase efficiency and effectiveness level are discussed. The observations and recommendations mentioned herein apply equally to similar systems meant for healthcare organizations elsewhere. It is recommended that suitable defaults be incorporated to save time and to facilitate fast switching between patient records; such measures would conform to the way the nurses work. Another recommendation is make provision for independent access, thus allowing for entries by administrative personnel. This…...
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References
Smelcer, J. B., Miller-Jacobs, H., & Kantrovich, L. (2009). Usability of electronic medical records. Journal of usability studies, 4(2), 70-84.
Su, K. & Liu, C. (2010). A Mobile Nursing Information System Based on Human-Computer Interaction Design for Improving Quality of Nursing. Journal of Medical Systems,36, 1129-1153.
Zaphiris, P., Ang, C. S., Henderson, J., & Tosheff, L. (2008). Human Computer Interaction: Concepts, Methodologies, Tools and Applications. In Phd Thesis by M. Al-Masarweh Brunel University APPENDIX 1: LIST OF PUBLICATIONS Journal.
Frigstad, S. A., Nost, T. H., & Andre, B. (2015). Implementation of Free Text Format Nursing Diagnoses at a University Hospital's Medical Department. Exploring Nurses' and Nursing Students' Experiences on Use and Usefulness. A Qualitative Study. Nursing research and practice, 2015.
Core affect (CA) on the other hand refers to a neurophysiological state which is accessible consciously as very simple and yet nonreflective feeling which forms an integral part of hedonistic as well as arousing values. The hedonistic values are responsible for the feeling of pleasure and displeasure while the arousal feelings are activated by sleep. In the study of affect, it became clear that its core characteristics are many. Some of the characteristics are valence which is the extent, to which an individual feels bad. Arousal, which is the sleep-activated value denoting to the extent to which one feels energized. Affects exists in each and every person without the need of any form of stimulus. Affects is a primitive aspect of every being and is noted to be university as well as ubiquitous. Affect is the center of all human laden events and called in various names as pointed…...
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References
Zhang, P (2011a).Organizational & Business Context
Zhang, P (2011b).Interactive Technologies
Zhang, P (2011c).Physical Engineering
Zhang, P (2011d).Cognitive Psychology & Cognitive Engineering
As many of the world's industries are faced with increasing competitive pressure and the need to continually improve their performance, employers look to new employees with computer fluency skills as an indicator that the person also has initiative to tackle difficult learning projects and master them. Initiative is very valuable in today's labor market. When combined with computer fluency and literacy, a prospective employee can add in knowledge of a specific industry and gain a greater competitive advantage in getting a new position. This combination of factors together is what serves as the catalyst for anyone seeking a career where computer fluency is a necessary requirement.
Summary
The level of computer literacy and their level of fluency with PCs, applications, the Internet and its many applications and research tools will have a direct correlation to what they will earn over their lifetimes; this point is clear from the studies citied. In…...
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Francis Green, Alan Felstead, Duncan Gallie, Ying Zhou. "COMPUTERS and PAY." National Institute Economic Review no. 201 (July 1, 2007): 63-75. (Accessed April 30, 2008).http://www.proquest.com
Copacino, William C "Skills development -- the best defense against downsizing." Logistics Management, January 1, 1997, 42.
Essay Topic Examples
1. The Limits of Machine Learning:
This essay would explore the capabilities and limitations of current machine learning technologies in mimicking human thought. It would address the question of whether artificial intelligence can truly replicate the nuanced and complex nature of human cognition or if there are intrinsic qualities to human thought that machines cannot emulate.
2. Emotional Intelligence in Artificial Intelligence:
This topic would discuss the concept of emotional intelligence and whether it can be programmed into computers. The essay could delve into the advances in affective computing and debate the plausibility of computers not only understanding but also experiencing emotions like human beings.
3. Neurocomputing and the Simulation of the Human Brain:
The essay would examine efforts to simulate the human brain through neurocomputing. This includes the development of neural networks and whether these systems can replicate the complexity of human neural structures to a degree that allows for human-like thought…...
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Primary Sources
Turing, Alan M. \"Computing Machinery and Intelligence.\" Mind, vol. 59, no. 236, 1950, pp. 433–460.
Searle, John R. \"Minds, Brains, and Programs.\" The Behavioral and Brain Sciences, vol. 3, 1980, pp. 417-457.Hofstadter, Douglas. \"I Am a Strange Loop.\" Basic Books, 2007.Russell, Stuart J., and Peter Norvig. \"Artificial Intelligence: A Modern Approach.\" 3rd ed., Prentice Hall, 2009.Marcus, Gary. \"Deep Learning: A Critical Appraisal.\" arXiv, arXiv:1801.00631, 2018.
Analyze the appropriateness of HM technologies and best practices to recommend applications and strategies for your selected organization, in order to improve organizational effectiveness, workforce productivity, and systems integration
HM technologies are essential towards reduction of the cost of operations as well as an increment in the level of consumer satisfaction hence effective management of the resources and available opportunities. Wal-Mart should focus on the quality and efficient automation of the processes and departments for the purposes of eliminating errors and overhead costs. This is essential through management of the HM technologies such as CM, FID, and EP with the aim of achieving maximum profit levels and revenues at the end of the fiscal year.
eferences
Ho, C. (2007). Measuring system performance of an EP-based supply chain. International Journal of Production esearch, 45(6), 1255-1277. doi:
10.1080/00207540600635235
Karimi, J., Somers, T.M., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2007). The ole of Information Systems
esources in EP Capability Building and Business…...
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References
Ho, C. (2007). Measuring system performance of an ERP-based supply chain. International Journal of Production Research, 45(6), 1255-1277. doi:
10.1080/00207540600635235
Karimi, J., Somers, T.M., & Bhattacherjee, A. (2007). The Role of Information Systems
Resources in ERP Capability Building and Business Process Outcomes. Journal Of
The work environment, for example, could be conducive to this type of stress, as can the relationship with other employees and with supervisors.
This type of fatigue is vastly different from the mental or physical fatigue of direct work overburden, and is also more subtle than these types of fatigue. It should therefore be carefully monitored in terms of its nature and how it interacts with other types of fatigue, particularly when the workforce is diminished.
Because of the complexity of psychological loading factors, Dr. Bill should be careful to monitor, revise, and update company policy in terms of issues such as communication among employees as well as among employees and their supervisors. Communication can play a significant part in how employees perceive their work, as well as how they experience the burden of their work in a psychological sense.
Mental loading, on the other hand, is probably the most common loading…...
Overgaard, D., Gyntelberg, F. And Heitmann, B.L. (2004). Psychological workload and body weight: is there an association? A review of the literature. Occupational Medicine, no. 54. Retrieved from: http://occmed.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/1/35.long
The instructor does sit with the student when he or she is training with the devices the FAA approves for the educational computer training. Sometimes a separate computer is used during this process, but the teacher is able to monitor and control the student's flight as well as plan out every detail for him or her at that particular time (United States Gernal Accounting Office, 1999).
For those that are educators, they too have noticed trends with computer-based training. The convenience of learning on the Web has stretched all the possible barriers that occur locally and globally. When it comes to distance learning, the Internet is used to deliver material to the learner, such as Word documents or PowerPoints. However, in other online environments, this is provided through hypertext, which allows the learner more opportunities to explore the information provided as well as to have much interactivity (Khalifa & Lam,…...
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References
Bowman, W.R., Crawford, A.M., & Mehay, S. (2009). An assessment of the effectiveness of computer-based training for newly commissioned surface warfare division officers. Naval Postgraduate School, 119.
Information Design, Inc. (2004). Issues in web-based training. 5.
Khalifa, M., & Lam, R. (2002). Web-based learning: Effects on learning process and outcome. IEEE Transactions on Education, 7.
Kulik, C.-L. C., & Kulik, J.A. (1991). Effectiveness of computer-based: An updated analysis. Computers in human behavior, 20.
Some nanorobots are being designed as "spray-on computers the size of a grain of sand." Edinburgh University has been working on nanorobots that can be sprayed onto patients as monitoring devices. They may be released for medical use in four years.
Quantum computers, based on principles like quantum entanglement and superposition, use the properties of particles. Quantum bits, called qubits, can process information faster than any existing computer technologies. A quantum computer can process many equations simultaneously. In a smaller space, using less energy, a quantum computer becomes more powerful than any commercial PC. In fact, Hertzog implies that quantum computers will mainly be used in fields demanding rapid data processing like the sciences or in cryptography.
Finally, one of the most promising future developments will be in the realm of artificial intelligence. Artificial intelligence implies computers that can think critically and creatively, like human beings. The potential for artificial intelligence…...
Human Factors in Aviation
rief Historical ackground
The Airline Industry has a history that dates back to 1903 when the Wright brothers made their first successful flight in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. Initially the public did not take the idea of the airplane travel favorably. ut this event marked the beginning of the Airline Industry as more and more inputs were given by people such as Charles Lindbergh who successfully completed a solo flight across the Atlantic Ocean in 1927 and created massive interest in flying with the general public.
The concern for human factor involvement in aviation started as soon as the interest of general public was roused in it. The initial concern was for the safety of people daring to fly the aircraft as accidents were reported due to a flaw in the design or working of the plane. A pilot task was to juggle with the complexity of design of…...
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Bibliography
Daniel J. Garland, V. David Hopkins, John A. Wise. (1999). Handbook of Aviation Human Factors. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Clint A. Bowers, C. Shawn Burke, Eduardo Salas, Katherine A. Wilson. (2001) Team Training in the Skies: Does Crew Resource Management (CRM) Training Work?, Vol. 43
Clint A. Bowers, Janis A. Cannon-Bowers, Randall L. Oser, Carolyn Prince, Eduardo Salas, Renee J. Stout. (1999) A Methodology for Enhancing Crew Resource Management Training, Vol. 41
Airlines in the industry. (N.d.) Retrieved on Sep 30, 2005 from:
"(O'Callaghan and Smits, nd) it is stated that estimations of the Gartner Group is that the majority of the data in organizations (75-80%) is in this state of unstructured format and is generally not easily located when it is needed by the organization.
O'Callaghan and Smits (nd) state that organizations tend to "maintain and variety of systems and databases in a complex ad-hoc architecture that does not seem to fulfill the needs for company-wide unstructured information in business processes, business functions and the extended enterprise." (O'Callaghan and Smits, nd) it is stated that document management (DM) systems focus on the organization and accessibility of files and contain the following parts in the DM system:
a) File storage;
b) File categorization;
Metadata services;
d) Collaboration services;
e) Workflow services;
f) Versioning services; and g) Access services. (O'Callaghan and Smits, nd)
2) Organizations should not fail in implementation of 'Enterprise Content Management' (O'Callaghan and Smits, nd)
Human esources Management - Maintaining a Competitive Edge in the Corporate Marketplace
Change continues to reshape the workplace. Today's H professional is called upon to help the organization retain its competitive edge in the marketplace. Along with representing the best interests of employees, H professionals assume the role of strategic partner, administrative expert, and change agent. H assumes a critical role in promoting the vision and shaping the focus of the company. H professionals must be skilled and knowledgeable business partners, able to wear many hats while demonstrating their own competencies in communication and decision-making skills. (Aghazadeh, 1999)
Today, H departments face many challenges. Some are conventional and continuing concerns.
They include:
Attract, retain and motivate employees;
Ensure legal and regulatory compliance;
Manage the human side of technological change.
Perhaps, most critically today however, progressive H departments are charged with adding value to the corporation as they seek to:
Meet the demands for a more strategic H function,…...
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References
Aghazadeh, Seyed-Mahmoud (1999). Human Resource Management: Issues and challenges in the new millennium. Management Research News, 22(12) 19-32.
Ashbaugh, Sam and Rowan Miranda (2002). Technology for Human Resources Management: Seven Questions and Answers. Public Personnel Management, (31) 7.
Ball, Sarah (2002, Sept). How technology can make you look good. Employee Benefits, S9-11.
Human Resources as Critical Investments
IN AN ORGANIZATION'S FUTURE
The purpose of this paper is to explore whether or not the human resources (HR) within an organization should be used as critical investments. To support this exploration, the terms "human capital," "human assets" and "intellectual capital" will be discussed, on the merits of each specific term as well as in relation to one another. Finally a conclusion will be drawn that determines if human resources should be viewed as any or all of the above terms, and if HR managers should utilize them as critical investments in an organization's future.
To begin, the overarching term "human resources management (HRM)" must be understood. HRM essentially is an all-encompassing term that refers to how an organization's human resources are used to achieve the organization's overall objectives or strategic directions. HRM includes a continuum of activities that can be compartmentalized into seven categories:
Human Resource Planning -…...
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Bibliography
Boone, Christophe, Arjen van Witteloostuijn. Industry Competition and Firm Human Capital. Small Business Economics. 1996. Vol. 8. Pp. 347-364.
Boudreau, John, Peter Ramstad. Measuring Intellectual Capital: Learning From Financial History. Human Resource Management. Fall, 1997. Vol. 36, No. 3. Pp. 343-356.
Bradley, Keith. Measuring Return on Human Assets in Companies. Feb., 1993. London School of Economics, Business Performance Group.
Employers will usually want to maximize the productivity of their employees. Different employers may use different strategies to support and improve productivity. It has been demonstrated by a number of theorists, such as Mayo, Maslow, and Herzberg, that one of the most effective ways of improving employee performance is through the use of motivational strategies (Tohidi, 2011). The aim of this paper is to look at the development of a motivational plan, identify two potential motivational strategies and consider the way that a minimum wage worker may be motivated.
2.
Motivational Plan
A good motivational plan may allow the employer to motivate employees by supporting high levels of jib satisfaction, which will support positive behavioral traits, including low turnover, high produced and high quality work. For employees to feel job satisfaction there are several requirement; they need…...
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References
Cook, Sarah, (2008), The Essential Guide to Employee Engagement: Better Business Performance Through Staff Satisfaction, Kogan Page Publishers
Danish, Rizwan Qaiser; Usman, Ali, (2010), Impact of Reward and Recognition on Job Satisfaction and Motivation: An Empirical Study from Pakistan, International Journal of Business & Management, 5(2), 159-167
Mone, E. M; London, M. (2010), Employee engagement through effective performance management: A practical guide for managers, New York, Routledge.
Tohidi, H, (2011), Teamwork productivity & effectiveness in an organization base on rewards, leadership, training, goals, wage, size, motivation, measurement and information technology, Procedia Computer Science, 3, 1137-1146
" Shin (2006) Shin also states that the CMC literature "illustrates shifts of focus to different layers of context." Early on, research relating to CMC in language learning and teaching looked at the linguistic content of CMC text to examine how language learners could improve certain communication functions and learn linguistic figures through CMC activities (lake, 2000; Chun, 1994; Kern, 1995; Ortega, 1997; Pellettieri, 2000; Smith 2000, Sotlillo, 2000; Toyoda & Harrison, 2002, Tudini, 2003; Warschauer, 1996) Recent studies of "tellecollaborative projects have examined how language learners jointly construct the contexts of their CMC activities, as part of their focus on tensions among intercultural communication partners. (elz, 2003, 2003; Kramsch & Thorn, 2002; O'Dowd, 2003; Ware 2000, War & Kramsch, 2005) IN the study of Shin (2006) which was "informed by Ware's (2005) examination of a tellecollaborative communication project between American college students and German students" Shin (2006) looks into…...
Lusnia, Karen B. (1000) Teaching Teachers Long-Distance: A Paradigm-Shift for the Teacher-Planner in Mexico - Applied Linguistics. Paper presented at the International Conference on Language Teacher Education.
Bakhtin, M.M. (1981). Excerpts from discourse in the novel. In M. Holquist (Ed.), The dialogic imagination: Four essays by M.M. Bakhtin. Austin, TX: University of Texas Press.
Bateson, G. (2000). Steps to an ecology of mind: Collected essays in anthropology, psychiatry, evolution, and epistemology. Chicago, IL: University Of Chicago Press.
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