Industrial Hygiene Essays (Examples)

Industrial Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene: A comprehensive exposure assessment report. Asbestos exposure World Trade Center disaster

Since September 11, 2001, the outdoor environment around the World Trade Center (WTC) site and nearby areas has been expansively monitored by Acme Industrial Hygiene Consultants and health agencies. As a consultant there have taken samples of air, dust, water, river residues, and drinking water and examined them for the existence of pollutants that could posture a health risk to answer workers at the WTC site, headquarter workers, and local populaces.

Sampling?

Everyone from Acme Industrial Hygiene collected bulk samples of fallen dust. This was all done by using a paper scoop, bulk samples were then reserved from numerous outdoor sites (e.g. car hood, window ledge, park bench) in addition to one indoor location, all of which seemed uninterrupted ever since the fall of the towers, as evaluated by the presence of a suave even layer of…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene the Incident Commander

The Environmental Manager will know exactly what systems we are equipped to deal with and how to best implement them in our institution.

If we need to hire third-party waste management experts including off-campus toilets and perhaps even showers then our Environmental Manager will tell us so and therefore, he or she is thoroughly in charge of issues related to waste management. I would suggest that the Environmental Manager create his or her own team of support personnel. Only a department manager can determine what traits or characteristics to look for in support members.

One of the more immediate concerns would be the initial cleanup effort. I would need to create a team of individuals dedicated to providing the best possible cleanup service, from sanitizing air vents to scrubbing floors. Moreover, our technicians would need to assess the post-cleanup environment to determine whether it was safe for working and operating…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene and Air Quality

Industrial Hygiene

Indoor air quality testing is necessary to ensure that the air in working environments is free from pollutants, or that if there are pollutants that workers can take the precautions necessary to protect themselves. This paper will examine the air quality readings from the test site, outlining the issues that may be present.

The first thing to consider is the role that humidity plays in air quality testing. It has been established that humidity is a factor in air quality perception. Furthermore, both temperature and humidity have been established as key variables in emissions from things like paints and varnishes, from which emissions are greater under conditions of higher humidity (Haghighat & De Bellis, 1998). In this test, relative humidity was a moderate 62-78%, getting high but still not at very high levels.

With the first reading, carbon dioxide, OSHA guidelines does not issue specific air quality standards…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene

911 Recovery

Health and Safety Plan for 911 Recovery Operations:

Lessons Learned

Recommendations on Industrial Hygiene

According to the Office of Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA), industrial hygiene (IH) is of utmost importance to any work site. By definition, IH encompasses the science and art "devoted to the anticipation, recognition, evaluation, and control of those environmental factors or stresses arising in or from the workplace, which may cause sickness, impaired health and well-being, or significant discomfort among workers or among the citizens of the community."

From this definition one can thus agree with the first sentence, namely that the fact that IH must be present at a work site and the fact that this is of utmost importance, and should never be ignored, especially in light of the fact of the consequences of such an action, which can have a negative impact on workers.

OSHA further states, in relation…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene as a Science and Art

Industrial Hygiene a Science or an Art?

Industrial hygiene basically entails the identification, evaluation, and control of environmental factors that threaten the health and safety of people in the community. Professionals in this sector who are commonly known as industrial hygienists develop necessary skills and competence for anticipating, identifying, evaluating, and controlling environmental hazards. Some of the major hazards examined and controlled by industrial hygienists include chemical agents, biological agent, physical agents, psychological factors, and ergonomic or safety issues. The nature of the roles and responsibilities of industrial hygienists has generated debates on whether this profession is a science or an art. This is also fueled by the fact that industrial hygiene has traditionally been viewed as a science and not an art.

From a personal viewpoint, industrial hygiene is both a science and an art despite of the conventional view of this profession as a science only. This profession…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene Nanoparticle Risks

Occupational Toxicology

Bakand, S., Hayes, A. & Deschakulthorn, F. (2012). Nanoparticles: A review of particle toxicology following inhalation exposure. Inhalation Toxicology. Vol. 24 (2) 125-135.

The article can be found at the following URL: http://www.tums.ac.ir/1391/11/28/Nano%20Inh%20Tox%2008958378.2012.pdf-sh-bakand-2013-02-16-10-35.pdf

This article discusses one of the emerging issues in inhalation toxicology, which is nanoparticles. The authors note from the outset that the "rapid expansion of nanotechnology" is going to result in a spike in nanoparticles that can infiltrate the lungs of workers, and that it is important to understand the implications of this increase. The authors have done a review of the literature on the subject, and determined that there are links between exposure to ambient ultrafine particles and increased morbidity and mortality. They note that nanoparticles are more likely to be more toxic than larger particles as well, because nanoparticles can be inhaled more deeply into the lungs.

There are several implications for this…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene and Radiation

adiation is a workplace hazard, and there are two types of radiation that are of concern to industrial hygienists. Ionizing radiation is radiation that will ionize an atom, so for example x-rays or gamma rays. Non-ionizing radiation is a different category and includes ultraviolet radiation, infrared, static fields, radio frequencies and extremely low frequency fields (AIHA, 2014).

Karipidis et al. (2007) discuss the relationship between ionizing and non-ionizing radiation and glioma, which is a malignant cancer of the glial tissue in the nervous system. Gliomas represent 80% of malignant brain tumors, and the exact cause of gliomas is not known. There are suspicions among researchers, however, that radiation is a key causal factor, and that has implications for occupational health. The article in question was published in the journal Occupational Medicine, which is one of the journals that publishes articles pertaining to industrial hygiene. This is a valuable area of…… [Read More]

Industrial Hygiene Approach to Airborne Pollutants

OSHA Technical Manual. I have not yet discussed this resource, but it is actually one of the foundational resources for the industrial hygiene practice. The specific article (SectionV, Chapter 3) outlines lead exposures in the construction industry. Lead is an airborne exposure risk. The article begins by defining an acceptable level of lead exposure, which is 50 micrograms per cubic meter of air (50 µg/m3). The OSHA approach to lead exposure is outlined -- it groups tasks into three categories that relate to their risk of lead exposure.

The article then discusses the hierarchy of controls. Engineering controls such as ventilation are at the top of the hierarchy, if the problem cannot be eliminated outright. Ventilation removes the airborne hazard, thereby reducing the exposure level. OSHA recommends other remedies such as using a less hazardous material, change in process equipment, or a change in process all as potential means of…… [Read More]

Organizational Solutions for Industrial Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene

The American Industrial Hygiene Association publishes a number of different resources regarding the practice of industrial hygiene. Sometimes these resources are available only for the organization's membership, such as the Synergist, and an academic journal; however, a practitioner of industrial hygiene should be a member. That said, there are still publications available for those who are not members.

One such free publication is the report "Demonstrating the business value of industrial hygiene." This report, which was published in 2008, makes the business case for industrial hygiene. In doing so, it highlights that industrial hygiene is something that affects the entire business and therefore is the responsibility of everybody involved in the business. One of the issues that the report intends to deal with is the competition from other countries where worker safety protections maybe are not that good. The business case that is often made is that such…… [Read More]

Safety Management Industrial Hygiene Is

Self-awareness is a major key to promoting ergonomics in the workplace, because only through self-awareness can an individual realize that he or she is sitting, standing, moving, or working according to ergonomic principles. Ergonomics applies also to product design and engineering. For example, new machinery is being designed according to well-researched principles of ergonomics. Similarly, office equipment, from chairs to computer keyboards, are also being redesigned with worker safety in mind. Through using ergonomically-designed equipment, individuals can avoid problems related to repetitive strain and stress.

One of the major issues related to industrial safety management is the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). PPE reduces employee exposure to hazardous chemicals, fumes, and materials. Development of PPE occurs according to scientific research. Discovering which items or situations are hazardous is the first step toward the development of protective equipment. PPE can be designed for any body part, and applies especially to…… [Read More]

Sampling Practices in Industrial Hygiene

benefit analysis that typically goes into decisions about sampling in industrial hygiene. The authors describe that there are two different main types of sampling -- active and passive. These come with different advantages and disadvantages, one of which is cost. Some others are the amount of time and effort required, and the accuracy of the sampling technique. The authors focus on the cost. Often, the sampling cost is viewed as an up-front cost, but of course this is not the entire picture -- in many cases discovering and addressing a problem early saves a lot of money. So the full cost-benefit picture needs to be taken into consideration when determining the optimal sampling technique.

The authors compared five passive monitors and one active monitor under a number of different scenarios. They found that overall the passive monitors had a better cost-benefit. They were in particular cheaper than the active monitor.…… [Read More]

Economic Benefit of Complying to Industrial Hygiene Program

Economic Benefit of Complying to Safety and Health egulations

This paper provides a summary of the journal article titled "A Health Impact Assessment of California's Proposed Cap-and-Trade egulations." (Maxwell, Paul, & Linda, 2012, p e 52). The paper reveals the health benefits that the communities and organizations derive from the application of the cap-and -- trade health regulation in California. The paper further discusses the application of the principle for the economic benefits of different organizations across the state.

Cap-and-Trade egulations in California

The authors argue that a climate change can have health effects on workers and people, and one of the causes of the climate change is the greenhouse emission that increases exposure to extreme weather conditions and heat, which can consequently lead to the distribution of air pollution, vector-borne disease, exposure to ultraviolet radiations, and increase illness within the work environment. In response the health effects of the…… [Read More]

Case Study on Industrial Hygiene

Industrial Hygiene

A large New Orleans Hospital has been affected with a Katrina disaster, which has contributed to evacuation of staffs to Baton ouge. Six weeks after the event, I have been mandated with the responsibility of supervising a team that will return to the hospital since I am an Industrial Hygienist. This team will also be responsible for evaluating the situation and engaging in a plan to re-establish basic medical needs for the staffs involved in the recovery initiative. While the team comprises various leaders of the hospital, the Incident Commander or person in-charge of recovery is looking for guidance on safe entry, safe clean-up procedures, suitable PPE for all recovery employees, and a hazard assessment for the most crucial items. He also needs an assessment of operations that can contribute to acute or chronic health effects, disease, or illness. This process of supervising the team in the recovery…… [Read More]

Article Summary Industrial Hygiene

Ethical Misconduct Among Industrial Hygienists in England by Burgess and Mullen (2002). There are a lot of codes of ethics published for ethical hygienists, but surprisingly few articles discussing ethics in the profession. In this article, the authors note that "failure to behave ethically might have serious and possibly fatal consequences," highlighting the need for a greater level of discussion with respect to ethics in the profession. The authors conducted a survey of 43 industrial hygienists, and found that 33 of them had witnessed ethical misconduct.

The authors provided with their survey nine different categories of ethical misconduct, thereby making clear the definition of the term. Some that were found to have occurred were data fabrication, failure to share credit on work, failure to protect confidentiality, criticizing the integrity of another hygienist for one's own gain, and plagiarism. Some of these could result in injury, but many violate the code…… [Read More]

Selenium and Occupational or Industrial Health Concerns

3). Selenide ions are being increasingly being used in photoelectrochemical cell applications (Lewis, 1995). Selenium compounds are also found in internal combustion exhaust, and have been positively associated with increased mortality rates in five of six American cities surveyed by (Topeka, Kansas was the exception; the other cities surveyed were Boston, St. Louis, Knoxville, Madison, and Steubenville) (Dockery, Laden and Schwartz, 2000). The combustion of coal combustion is responsible for between 62% (Medical and Biological Effects of Environmental Pollutants- Selenium, 1976) and 85% (Eimutis, Quill & inaldi, 1978) of harmful selenium emissions in the United States.

Furthermore, in combination with oxygen, selenium forms selenium dioxide, SeO2; the reaction of this oxide with water results in selenious acid, H2SeO3. Selenium also forms a variety of compounds in which the selenium atom bonds to both an oxygen and a halogen atom resulting in compounds such as selenium (VI) oxychloride, SeO2Cl2, which is…… [Read More]

Hygiene as a Pivotal Method of Preventing

Hygiene as a pivotal method of preventing infection in a health care setting

Hand Hygiene as a Pivotal Method of Preventing Infection in a Healthcare Setting

Carpetti, G.M., Sandri, F., Trridapallli, E., Galleti, S., Petracci, E., & Faldella, G. (2007).

Nosocomial infection in very low birth weight infants. American journal of infection control, 36(6), 430-435.

To increase the chances of survival of VLBW infants, there are continued improvements in neo-natal management. However, the risk of infection during their stay in hospital is especially because they undergo diagnostic and therapeutic procedures. In order to eliminate the infections, and provide more chances of survival, the article suggests that hand washing is the only effective measure to prevent the transmission of microorganisms. In addition, it suggests that it is the most important precaution in infection control. In the study, sixteen VLBW infants, in the "before" period and five others in the "after" period…… [Read More]

Hurricane Aftermath Returning to Work

Industrial Hygiene

Being that it is an operation that is being conducted in an industrial area, and in an industry that dealt with compressed gas, it is critical that all the safety measures are taken into account in a categorical and safe manner in the bid to re-enter the after the terrible hurricane. For instance there are various experts who are present and I would recommend that their individual expertise be put to use in the recovery process. First, the entire employees' body must be informed of the extent of the damage and the seriousness of the problem at hand and instructed not to venture into any area within the firm without the clearance and subsequent communication through a central communications office that they have to be informed of. I would also suggest to the Incident Commander to have a formal written process for the recovery of the firm. This…… [Read More]

Terrorist Attacks Using Toxic Industrial

Examples of Previous Attacks Using Toxic Industrial Chemicals

The earliest example of the use of chemical weapons occurred during orld ar I when both groups of adversaries in the conflict (the Central Powers and the Allies) used chlorine and phosgene-- two of the most commonly available toxic industrial chemicals these days -- against each other, resulting in almost 100,000 deaths.

The most famous example of the use of TICs was the 1995 sarin gas attack in Tokyo subways by "Aum Shinrikyo" -- a Japanese apocalyptic cult -- that resulted in the death of 12 people and the hospitalization of thousands. Sarin gas was produced by the terrorists with the help of commonly available toxic industrial chemicals such as dimethyl methylphosphonate, phosphorus trichloride, sodium fluoride and alcohol (Bloomfield). To avoid handling the highly toxic sarin, Aum Shinrikyo created its binary components, and mixed the two at the site of attack; thus…… [Read More]

Employee Satisfaction Hygiene Factors and

Motivation of workers is posing very big challenges to organizations. Herzberg ensures that an organization rewards its employees depending on the behaviors that the management would like to encourage.One of the widely known writers on motivation of workers is Frederick Herzberg. He is widely known for the two-factor theory that he came up with. The two factor theory is widely referred to as the hygiene motivation theory. As stated above, motivation of employees is a challenge. Nobody has brought evidence refuting the theories of Herzberg. Therefore, the ideas that are put forward by him may still be looked at.

Hygiene Factors and Dissatisfaction at Work

The hygiene factor in job satisfaction can best be explained using Herzberg's (1966) two factor theory (Motivation-Hygiene Theory).The hygiene factors refer to the factors that are majorly concerned with the work conditions. The factors are contextual features of conditions of work. They are however not…… [Read More]

Health & Safety Plan for

Such equipment should be adequate to ensure personnel are protected from chemical exposure to the eyes, skin, and respiratory tract. PPE may be upgraded or downgraded by the site industrial hygienist, HSM, or qualified Site Safety Officer based upon site conditions and air monitoring results (Levin, et al., 2002)

Work practice and administrative controls

Administrative controls or work practice controls are changes in work procedures such as written safety policies, rules, supervision, schedules, and training with the aim of reducing the interval, frequency, and sternness of exposure to hazardous chemicals or situations. Workers who handle hazardous chemicals in the workplace should be familiar with the administrative controls required fewer than 29 CF 1910.1200, and the OSHA Hazard Communication Standard. This controls are perhaps most important, because they impact your people directly. On the one hand, they are the simplest, since all it takes is education. On the other hand, education…… [Read More]

Republic of Mauritius Has Progressed

" (United Nations, 2000) The Household udget Survey 1996/1997 reported that in excess of 14.5 of households in Mauritius are presently living below the poverty line and economic development has been stalled due to the "…rising cost of labor erosion of the protected international markets due to gradual effects of globalization and liberalization and increasing competition with other countries…" (United Nations, 2000)

The distribution aspect of income and wealth has not been addressed in a sufficient manner by the liberal economic policies that rely on the market. Unemployment has increased in recent years and this has been "accompanied by inflation that has contributed to a loss of purchasing power, especially affecting women." (United Nations, 2000)

There is a failure to meet the needs of very low income housing and creating further tensions in Mauritius are challenges related to employment equality of access and disparity in education which is stated to…… [Read More]

Injury and Illness Prevention Within the Workplace

Unlike our predecessors in the mines and mills and factories - and even offices - we today expect our workplaces to be safe. We consider this a birthright - that our employers should design and monitor the workplace in such a way that we are allowed to do our job without any undue risk for ourselves. And yet, of course, this is not a birthright but rather a legal protection that was fought for by workers and workers advocates (including unions) in previous generations. There seems to be little if any natural inclination of even good employers to ensure the safety of their workers, and it is for this reason that government regulations exist to protect workers. This research project examines one very specific example within the contemporary workforce of the ways in which government regulation is sometimes a necessary supplement - or bulwark - to the good intentions of…… [Read More]

Occupational Health and Safety Policies at Workplaces

Occupational Health and Safety Policies at Workplaces

Occupational Health and Safety Policy of Toyota

Occupational Health and Safety Management Strategies of Toyota

Organizational Structure of Toyota In elation To the Occupational Health And Safety

Working For the Safety of the Employees

Detailed Human esources Development

The paper will highlight occupational health and safety management systems being followed at Toyota Motors Corporation. Employees are the main stakeholders for any organization and it is important that the organization in order to be successful in the global bossiness and in the environment of cutthroat competition values its employees and taken into account all the daft measures that are needed by the employees working at the workplaces. The main occupational health and safety management systems being followed to Toyota will be taken into consideration along with the fact that if these policies and management systems are being advantageous for the clients, customers and employees…… [Read More]

Occupational Noise and Hearing Loss

occupationally-acquired noise-induced hearing loss: A senseless workplace hazard highlights the risks associated with excess noise in the workplace. The authors are writing in a journal that is dedicated to environmental health in the workplace. The authors note that noise is a causal factor in around 37% of all adult hearing loss. The authors conducted a survey of the existing literature on the subject in order to summarize the existing knowledge the tie some of the work together to form conclusions.

The findings were interesting. Excessive noise in the workplace is attributed mainly to a handful of industries, such as mining, construction and manufacturing, and as a result 97% of workers affected are male. The authors have also noted that responses from different workplace safety agencies around the world can differ fairly dramatically, and there remains some lack of understanding about the issue of excessive noise in the workplace.

By looking…… [Read More]

Economic Globalization Is Regarded as

By means of automation, specialized works that were predominantly done by men in the manufacturing industries situated in the developed nations were diminished. Conversely, non-specialized jobs mainly in the electronic parts manufacturing industries, particularly the microchip, in which unskilled women in a number of developing nations find employment, became bigger. Thus, the electronic parts manufacturers, instead of investing in huge capital-based units, had favored to make use of manual workers based in nations wherein inexpensive, quiet, and for that reason mostly women workers was quickly accessible. (Mitter; owbotham, 1995) Hence, women in Asia could get several jobs from the electronics manufacturing industry. Fresh high school passed out graduates from the tiny villages moved to the cities for jobs available in the semiconductor units. Usually the daughters of those villagers who were high-incomes, these young females, irritated by the absence of clerical as well as semi-skilled employment prospects in their villages,…… [Read More]

Safety and Discrimination Policies

Policies and Procedures

Health and Safety Guidelines

There are several elements to health and safety guidelines that must be adhered to. The presence of equipment, hot water, and chemicals all represent safety hazards to the workers. Furthermore, to the extent that the operation carries cash, and may be at risk for robbery, there are other safety considerations that need to be taken into account. There will be electrical equipment in this environment, a risk given that water will be everywhere on site and its spray uncontrolled. A further risk is that customers will be operating the car wash, meaning that employees do not have full control over the equipment. OSHA has published a list of the common citations specific to the car wash industry, including fall protection, hazard communication, scaffolding, respiratory protection, control of hazardous energy, machines, wiring and more (Lawless, 2012).

A lot of health and safety guidelines can…… [Read More]

Apple Corporation'summary and review

.....yearly, quarterly and monthly periods. Trends and issues that will be identified include patterns of growth, regression and other items that are clearly outside of the norm. The items and trends that have been identified include the following:

• The firm is clearly a mostly-domestic endeavor. While the international revenues are somewhat large, they are a rather small proportion of annual revenues.

• A large swath of the business is expanding in nature. Acquire is decent and retain is twice as large as acquire. Serve and non-coded make up another $2 million or so. However, expand is more than the other items combined on an annual basis

• When it comes to customer class, commercial clearly dominates the others. Much like the customer rank field, commercial makes up more than the other classes combined.

• There is much more balance when it comes to the biggest customers. There are ten…… [Read More]

Hurricane Aftermath

Hurricane Aftermath, Returning to a workplace

Disasters are itself destruction to humanity for long time and recovering from that disaster is a challenge which has to be achieved with the gradual process. Safety is the fundamental concern similar to the stability of our mental and physical well-being. Proper planning is required to make the process of recovery achievable in the most efficient way, much faster and less stressful. The research paper followed is a guideline to recover from hurricane and return back to home, community, school, work and normal life.

Safety Measures Adopted and recommendations

The foremost concern after hurricane disaster is the safety of the people affected and surrounding areas. The team comprising of safety supervisors will observe issues and monitor healthcare facility of families and individuals and will scrutinize their well being. To look after the safety measures it will be important for team to make a recovery…… [Read More]

Toilet Design in Modern Society Public Toilets

Toilet Design

In modern society, public toilets has become a fixture wherever human activities take place; shopping malls, restaurants and filling stations all provide these places of convenience for travelers, diners and shoppers. However, when considering the nature and function of public toilets, many question their cleanliness and safety for public use. In addition, cultural and gender issues have also played a role in these debates. Women, for example, are obliged to make physical contact with public toilets, while this is not necessarily the case for men. In terms of cultural issues and sanitary concern, critics such as Isbit (2001) have suggested a toilet design whereby the human skin does not need to make any contact with the abode, but where both men and women squat to relieve themselves. To take these concerns into account, the history, background, and design of the public toilet should be considered in detail.

Historical…… [Read More]

Market Driven Management

Pharmaceutical industries have to operate in an environment that is highly competitive and subject to a wide variety of internal and external constraints. In recent times, there has been an increasing trend to reduce the cost of operation while competing with other companies that manufacture products that treat similar afflictions and ailments. The complexities in drug research and development and regulations have created an industry that is subject to intense pressure to perform. The amount of capital investment investments required to get a drug from conception, through clinical trials and into the market is enormous. The already high-strung pharmaceutical industry is increasingly investing greater amounts of resources in search of the next "blockbuster" drug that can help them gain market position and profits. Laws, regulations and patents are important to the industry while spending billions of dollars in ensuring the copyright of their products.

It is the intention of this…… [Read More]

Emotional Labor Implications on a Call Centre

Emotional Labor

Implications on a Call Centre

During the last two decades Contact or call centers have emerged as the answer to cost effectiveness for all sort of businesses that require back end customer services (Boreham et al., 2007). These call centers hailing from different countries are very similar with respect to markets, offered services, structure of the organization and type of workforce. This industry has flourished very quickly but usually these call centers are about ten to twelve years old hence still in infancy. Despite the similarities that exist across the globe in standards, processes and customers; are these call centers actually catering to the emotional side of this work.

Being a repetitive task with only a set of responses most of the time with no creativity and innovation in the services process added with long hours and no formal education on the subject, do these call centers affect…… [Read More]

U S Immigrants the Black and

The advent of World War II saw and end of the period of economic turmoil and massive unemployment known as the Great Depression, and thus was a time of increased opportunity for many of the nation's citizens and immigrants, but the experiences of some groups during and following the war were far less positive than others. Some of this was due to the different histories that different immigrant groups had in the country, as well as the different roles that various nations played in the war itself, but often the source for the treatment of different ethnic groups was all too similar and all too simple -- racism and ethnocentrism that made the white Americans "true" citizens while others were labeled as outsiders, and those that didn't belong.

The Japanese suffered the worst during World War II; even families that had been in the country for generations and many decades…… [Read More]

Economic Systems Are Quite Complex

Plus, if the world is tied together economically, there is more impetus to prevent hyper-inflation, to help other countries in times of natural disaster, and to form a more humanitarian-based society. It seems that the idea of globalism was also assisted with new macro-trade agreements combine with the easy communications brought about because of the advances in cellular technology and the Internet. This rapid growth of the global economy affects modern economic development, stability, labor, and the environment in a dramatic way. Developing countries did not, in most cases, have the long tradition of the Industrial Revolution, so they are now trying to rapidly modernize; to build their economies in years or decades when it took the West centuries. This is in part due to the need for satisfaction of the populace, in part because of the way information is shared, and in part because on a regular basis, the…… [Read More]

Customer Satisfaction and Loyalty in

2 of the respondents were self-employed and 11.2% of respondent were white-collar workers with 1.2% of respondents being blue-collar workers. The following chart shows the factor analysis results with VARIMAX rotation of traveler's perceptions of hotel attributes in the study of Choi and Chu (2000).

Factor Analysis Results with VARIMAX Rotation of Traveler's Perceptions of Hotel Attributes

Source: Choi and Chu (2000)

The following chart shows a 'regression analysis results of hotel factors according to Asian and Western travellers overall satisfaction levels.

Regression Analysis Results of Hotel Factors According to Asian and Western Travelers Overall Satisfaction Levels

Source: Choi and Chu (2000)

2.3 Loyalty

2.3.1 Definition of customer loyalty

Kandampully and Suhartanto (2000) define a loyal customer as "a customer who purchases from the same service provider whenever possible, and who continues to recommend or maintain a positive attitude toward the service provider" (p. 346).

2.3.2 Loyalty dimensions

There is…… [Read More]

Water Pollution

Water Pollution

The vast majority -- over 70% -- of our earth is covered by water. Unfortunately for our thirst, 97.5% of all the water on the planet is salt water. Only 2.5% of the water on planet earth is fresh drinking water. Given that there is such a small percentage of drinkable water on the planet, the resource has become a scarce commodity. Making matters worse is the fact that much of the available drinking water on the planet is becoming polluted -- contaminated by the same people who rely on it to sustain life. There are many sources of water pollution, including untreated human waste from sewage, lack of sanitation, agricultural chemicals, and factory chemical runoff. If nothing is done to prevent these sources of pollution from continuing to contaminate water, waterborne illnesses and infectious disease could become more prevalent. Scarcity could also be an issue, as the…… [Read More]

Meat Packing Industry

Safety and Health Issues in Meat Processing Industry

In the meat processing industry, health and safety issues are of vital importance, in view of the several risks arising out of microbial contamination of meat and the occupational hazards faced by workers. Past experiences have shown that microbial reproduction in meat and meat products can reach alarming proportions traversing across countries and even continents. The infamous mad cow disease and the foot and mouth disease in cattle has rattled the British meat industry for a considerable period, resulting in loss of image, confidence and erosion of profits. North America's main problem is the widespread prevalence of eschericia coli in meat, more commonly known as the hamburger disease. It is well-known that meat is highly susceptible to attack of bacteria and virus and hence there is a constant need to address this risk. When microbial activity sets in, the quality of meat…… [Read More]

Tom Shulich Coltishhum a Comparative Study on

Tom Shulich ("ColtishHum")

A comparative study on the theme of fascination with and repulsion from Otherness in Song of Kali by Dan Simmons and in the City of Joy by Dominique Lapierre

ABSACT

In this chapter, I examine similarities and differences between The City of Joy by Dominique Lapierre (1985) and Song of Kali by Dan Simmons (1985) with regard to the themes of the Western journalistic observer of the Oriental Other, and the fascination-repulsion that inspires the Occidental spatial imaginary of Calcutta. By comparing and contrasting these two popular novels, both describing white men's journey into the space of the Other, the chapter seeks to achieve a two-fold objective: (a) to provide insight into the authors with respect to alterity (otherness), and (b) to examine the discursive practices of these novels in terms of contrasting spatial metaphors of Calcutta as "The City of Dreadful Night" or "The City of…… [Read More]

E-Groceries Primary Data Collection Secondary Data Collection

E-Groceries

Primary Data Collection

Secondary Data Collection

Performance evaluation of the optimized supply chains

McLane e-grocery

Carrefour Ooshop e-grocery

Logistics Optimization

Structural decisions items of operations strategy in logistics

Hardware of the firm

Operational Facilities

Operational Capacity

Process technology

Supply Network

Infrastructure decision areas

Software of the organization

Planning and control

Quality

Organizational Structure

Comparison of structural and infrastructural logistical operations management decisions

Horizons

Capital Investment

Globalization and Logistics Optimization

Logistical optimization models

Challenges in e-grocery Logistics

E-grocery logistical solution

Store-based order picking model

Figure: Store-based order picking model

Store-based order picking for attended goods reception

Store-based order picking for unattended goods reception

Dedicated order picking model

Figure: Dedicated order picking model

Delivery from dedicated centers for attended goods reception

Delivery from dedicated centers for unattended goods reception

Conclusion

E-basic needs frameworks so that organizations can get beneficial

Execution methodology

Distinctive logistical results

ecognize e-basic framework

E-basic framework

E-basic model…… [Read More]

Company Size and Management Structures

Management Structures Case of Walmart

The City and State where it is located

Firms today are facing fierce and strong competition and this has brought with it many challenges. To ensure their survival, companies must continually improve in both efficiency and effectiveness (Buble, Juras and Matic, 2014). Because of this, every organization must seek to exploit its workforce's potential, and the place of leadership in this can't be understated. Everyone knows that leadership is central in helping an organization achieve its goals and in aiding information sharing in the organization (Buble, Juras and Matic, 2014). Wal-Mart Stores Inc. is U.S.'s largest retail company and has been placed first by Fortune Magazine on Fortune 500 Index (Hayden et al., n.d.). The corporate strategy at Wal-Mart is constituted of dominating retail market, expanding in the United States as well as international markets, creating a positive brand and Company ecognition as well as…… [Read More]

Motivation and Morale Police administration

Abstract

The current study aims to examine the effect of the lack of supervision and detachment between administration and low-level supervisors and beat officers and how this leads to low morale and motivation. Imperatively, low level of morale and motivation results in low productivity, which might give rise to absenteeism and poor watch, adversely affecting the society through increased level of crime. A questionnaire will be designed to achieve the purpose of this research study and will be distributed to selected beat officers working in different police precincts. The number of questionnaires analyzed will be to different police precincts. Data collected will be analyzed through SPSS using both descriptive statistics, correlation and regression data.

Problem Statement

Organizations endeavor to have more productive personnel, who are deemed the most significant resources and a determining factor for success. Low levels of productivity can be linked to poor employee morale and motivation. The…… [Read More]

Wbgt Limits for Chinese Migrant Workforce the

WBGT Limits for Chinese Migrant Workforce

The effects of heat stress on workers has been well documented (1-4), especially in the construction industry (5-6), but widely compatible standards for determining safe limits for heat exposure have yet to arisen, which makes a difficult task of determining the compatibility of Wet Bulb Globe Temperature (WBGT) limits with a Chinese migrant workforce in the construction industry, working primarily in a tropical climate. Each population and climate requires specific considerations when determining the risk of heat stress, and these specific considerations ultimately demonstrate certain gaps in the WBGT heat index that makes it incompatible for deployment with the previously mentioned workforce. A number of regulations use the Wet Bulb Globe Temperature as a standard for determining heat thresholds (7), but recent research (8-9) has shown the WBGT to be overly conservative in certain situations, particularly in areas with high humidity levels such as…… [Read More]

Technology Has Evolved a Great

Again, Mc Donald's has managed to deal with competitive threats posed by both these market players due to the fact that the prices that Burger King, Starbucks and Costa Coffee charge are much higher than that charged by Mc Donald's. The primary reason behind higher prices of Costa Coffee and Starbucks is the fact that their target market is much stronger and niche as compared to that of Mc Donald's. The recent economic crunch however, has benefitted Mc Donald's as many people who prefer sophisticated ambience, due to their lower purchasing power and increased inflationary pressures now prefer Mc Donald's over the likes of Starbucks and Costa Coffee. As a result, Mc Donald's is the strongest market player in the Global region today.

Mc Donald's target market includes all the people who travel for leisure and/or business purposes and prefer to have a luxurious accommodation. The cafe provides best possible…… [Read More]

Advertising Through the Years in the Popular

advertising through the years in the popular magazine, The Ladies Home Journal. The writer uses examples of ads as well as a discussion about advertising changes to explore the way history dictates advertising. There were six sources used to complete this paper.

From the beginning of the advertising industry, ads have been historical records of the history of the nation. Whether it is a cleaning product, a service, or other advertising need, the tone and look of the ad is dictated and driven by society. The Ladies Home Journal has been a mainstay in America when it comes to print ads. It presents a classic roadmap of historic changes in societal attitudes through the advertisements that it has printed. Through the 1930's 1940's and 1950's the ads in the magazine portray the changing attitudes regarding women and their place in society.

The ads in the Ladies Home Journal magazine through…… [Read More]

White Bread A Social History of the

hite Bread: A Social History of the Store-Bought Loaf, Aaron Bobrow-Stain writes, "few foods have embodied so many dreams as industrial white bread, particularly during times of recession, war, and social upheaval," as white bread (ix). Few foods indeed are as controversial and culturally relevant. The term "white bread" has become a largely derogatory one, referring to something neutered, sterile, and painfully mainstream. Yet the symbolism white bread is even deeper than that relatively innocuous meaning. hite bread evokes racism, classism, and xenophobia, as Bobrow-Stain points out. The "whiteness" of the bread parallels the dominant culture and its presumed purity. hite bread is presumed to be the stuff of the masses, and remains closely linked to "trailer trash." No self-respecting urbanite eats white bread, except perhaps for the ironic Instagram shot. A deep-rooted mistrust of white bread, specifically its pre-sliced plastic wrapped incarnation, has embedded itself as deeply in the…… [Read More]

Global aspects of HRM Equal Employment Opportunity and Compensation and motivation

Human resource management is one of the essential components to the competitiveness of global firms. Corporations that perform exceptionally regarding human resource management tend to integrate strong discipline in their people with attention to strong social capital (developing networks and relationships within the organization). The multiplier impacts of this combination generate inimitable conditions for people management, which in turn drives employee engagement in the global context. The following study focuses on the historical and current trends in human resource practices with a great focus on global HM, equal employment opportunity and compensation and motivation. The emphasis will be laid on their influence on the management of international employees. The study will highlight the major aspects emerging from the three areas of focus. It will provide an extensive detail from real case examples of companies in the global field by examining major HM practices including global HM, equal employment opportunity, and…… [Read More]

Water Legislation Origins of Environmental

The Leblanc alkali production processes were especially pernicious, but they followed along the lines of previous industrial processes. In other words, the first British environmental legislation was a response not so much to a qualitative change in industrial processes and their environmental impact but more to a quantitative increase in sources of pollution that had up to that point been (if only barely) tolerable.

Legislation Arising From Public Anger

At the center of the first British environmental legislation was the Leblanc process, an industrial process that produced of soda ash (which is chemically sodium carbonate) that came into use in the first decades of the 19th century. Named after its inventor, Nicolas Leblanc, it replaced an older process in which soda ash had been produced from wood ash. However, as the availability of wood ash declined (because of deforestation, a process that was occuring both in Great Britain and across…… [Read More]

Global Pollution Has Increased Significantly

While global warming is still hotly debated global pollution is already a fact. An environmentally sustainable development plan is the need of the hour.

ibliography

1) University of East Anglia (2009, November 17). 'Fossil fuel carbon dioxide emissions up by 29% since 2000.' ScienceDaily. Retrieved December 9, 2009, from http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2009/11/091117133504.htm

2) NGC, 'Acid Rain', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from,, http://environment.nationalgeographic.com/environment/global-warming/acid-rain-overview.html

3) WHO, (2006), 'Indoor air pollution. 4000 deaths a day must no longer be ignored', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from, http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/84/7/editorial30706html/en/index.html

4) lacksmith Institute, (2009) 'Pollution Facts, Retrieved December 9, 2009, from, 'http://www.worstpolluted.org/pollution-facts-2009.html

5) U.S. PIRG Education Fund, (Jan 2005), 'Pollution on the Rise: Local Trends in Power Plant Pollution', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from http://cdn.publicinterestnetwork.org/assets/0kExFsxeEE6g_YLDhOxTAA/Pollution_On_The_Rise.pdf

6) NASA, 'NASA Satellite Measure Pollution from East Asia to North America', retrieved Dec 9th 2009, from, http://www.nasa.gov/topics/earth/features/pollution_measure.html

7) EEA Report, (2008) 'Greenhouse Gas Emission Trends and Production in Europe 2008', retrieved Dec 9th…… [Read More]

Motivation & Leadership the Objective

" (Ibid)

Transformation leadership is 'authentic' leadership which "builds genuine trust between leaders and followers." Furthermore transformational leadership "concentrates on terminal values such as integrity and fairness. They see the responsibility for their organization's development and impact on society." (Ibid)

Homig and MacGregor in the work entitled:" Transformational Leadership" state that the following ten 'tenets' are inclusive in the transformational leader's style of leading:

1. Leaders have high moral and ethical values.

2. Leaders express genuine interest in followers.

3. Leaders have an inspirational vision.

4. Genuine trust exists between leaders and led.

5. Followers share leader's values and vision.

6. Leaders and followers perform beyond self-interest.

7. Participatory decision-making is the rule.

8. Innovative thinking and action is expected.

9. Motivation is to do the right thing.

10. Leaders mentor. (nd)

SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION

While all of these theories were valid at some time or in relation to some…… [Read More]

History of the Areas of

It was founded on the knowledge that spurred during the Renaissance and has placed significance on rational thought and cultural emphasis, which was not present before.

Furthermore, with regards to the popularity of Baroque during this period, it is important to note that this style was able to combine the principles of science and the philosophies and doctrines of early Christianity, which has been very prominent in architectures built on such style. During the earlier period, the Renaissance, art was simpler and characterized by simple rhythms. With Baroque, however, a dynamic change has occurred, as art and architecture became more ostentatious and it has shown how art can move from the previous period (Saisselin).

The Scientific Revolution has presented a new perspective and shows a shift from the orthodox. It has also allowed the use of the past in order to create the future. In the field of arts, the…… [Read More]

Fiscal Impact of the Maryland Budgetary Crisis

Maryland Prison System

Crime is expensive. But so too is punishment. The state of Maryland, like the majority of states across the nation at the moment, is facing a period of slow economic growth and shrinking economic resources even as it continues to have to meet the needs of its citizens. This paper examines the effect on the state's overall budget of the cost of incarcerating prisoners.

The treatment of prisoners causes few legal problems for the government of a dictatorship. A government that refuses to acknowledge the human rights of even its law-abiding citizens is not likely to show too many qualms about shoving its criminals into overcrowded and unsafe prisons - or even to worry about whether the niceties of due process were considered in getting the person to prison to begin with. But the rule of constitutional law changes all that. Because we live in a country…… [Read More]

Consumers' Perspectives What Criteria Influence

Fo instance, appoximately 33 pe cent of Thailand's wate souces ae categoized as having poo quality and the phenomenon is consideed a seious envionment poblem. Moeove, Thailand is anked among the last Asian counties based on amounts of fesh wate available pe capita (WWF, 2010).

In this context, the Thai govenment and the Thai people have commenced to pay moe attention to the effect of the envionmental poblems, as well as to the adjacent economics of the poblem. People make an effot to buy poducts which ae envionmentally hamless and, though them, to minimize the negative envionmental implications of consumption. A fist effot in this diection was the intoduction of the Thai Geen Label Scheme in 1993 and its fomal launch one yea late (Geen Label Thailand, 2010). In shot, the scheme suppots the development of the geen poducts secto by intoducing infomation fo consumes and standads fo businesses. Moe…… [Read More]

Job Stress

American today, works more that an American worker of even a generation ago. A 1999 Government report stated that workers worked 8% more hours than the previous generation. This translates to an average workweek of 47 hours. Twenty percent of workers today work more than 49 hours. The work place has been constantly changing -- the revolution from agronomies to industrialization having had its origins in the industrial revolution. Most of the industrialized regions of the world have attained better standards with significant improvements in quality of life as a result of the industrial revolution. In turn, however, the workplace became more formal and restrictive. Any personal skills of an individual worker were generally ignored. These abilities were not essential a worker's role in the "new" work environment.

Mass production was the next phase of change in the workplace. It made standardization the norm. Greater emphasis was placed on conforming…… [Read More]

Piaf Pam Gems Provides a View Into

Piaf," Pam Gems provides a view into the life of the great French singer and arguably the greatest singer of her generation -- Edith Piaf. (Fildier and Primack, 1981), the slices that the playwright provides, more than adequately trace her life. Edith was born a waif on the streets of Paris (literally under a lamp-post). Abandoned by her parents -- a drunken street singer for a mother and a circus acrobat father -- Edith learns to fend for herself from the very beginning. As a natural consequence of her surroundings, she makes the acquaintance of several ne'er do wells. She rises above the lifestyles of the girls she grows up with who prostitute themselves for a living in the hope that they will eventually meet a benefactor with whom they can settle. Edith has a talent for singing and she indulges this interest by singing loudly in the streets. On…… [Read More]

Teleworking Telecommuting's Emergence as a

The Herzberg two-plane model that includes an upper plane of "motivator" factors, which are those factors that lead to high job satisfaction are compared to the "hygiene" factors that are enablers of stability in any work environment. Motivator factors include achievement, recognition; work itself, responsibility, advancement, and growth, while hygiene factors include company policies, relationships with supervisors, work conditions, salary, relationship with peers, personal life, and relationships with subordinates, status, and security. These factors overall are critical for the development of a motivated and stable workforce. The implications of these factors on the job satisfaction and attitudes of telecommuters form the research foundation of this paper and also look to provide an indication of how teleworkers keep their work/life balance in equilibrium.

Method

The main objectives of this study are:

To provide further understanding of why workers choose to telecommute in the context of their work/life balance objectives.

To define…… [Read More]

Water Shortage in the Middle

Given water scarcity, the high costs of desalinisation and other unconventional methods of supplying water, and the pollution of surface and ground waters, Israel sought other natural supplies of water from the Litani" (Dolatyar, 2002). The Israeli then invaded Lebanon, but were met with extreme resistance.

1990 - Present - Period of return to bargaining tactic

The fall of the Soviet Union, the Gulf War (1990-1991) and the interference of the United States led to more amiable relationships between the countries of the Middle Eats, which were committed to creating the "New Middle East." Several treaties were signed which were aimed to increase the collaboration and lead to the resolution of impending problems, such as environmental concerns and water resources. "For example, the peace treaty between Israel and Jordan, signed on October 26, 1994, includes five annexes, two of which address water and environmental issues. Negotiations between Israel and Syria…… [Read More]

Motivational Theories for Various Employee Groups the

Motivational Theories for Various Employee Groups

The force that initiates certain behavior in a person is also called motivation. Motivational theories have been developed by researchers using various mechanisms like state of mind, basic needs, desires and goals of a person.

Two-Factor Theory (Herzberg)

The two-factor theory was published in 1959 by Herzberg after doing a research on the job attitudes for five years. Two different factors affect job satisfaction and job dissatisfaction, as the theory states. Thus, dissatisfaction and satisfaction should not be measured using the same continuum. The two motivating factors of the theory are motivation and hygiene factors. Motivation factors produce positive satisfaction to an employee, they are mainly intrinsic conditions e.g. responsibility, recognition, challenging work and achievement. Hygiene factors are extrinsic job conditions and absence of these results in job dissatisfaction e.g. working conditions, company policies, pay, supervision, job security, status and fringe benefits Sutaria, 1980()…… [Read More]

E-Groceries Feasibility Study of E-Groceries Recent Technological

E-Groceries

Feasibility Study of E-Groceries

ecent technological developments have seen different plans of action being actualized as it relates to e-Groceries retailing. However, challenges have limited the full realization of this aspect with the greatest hindrance has been logistics; more wasteful operation has often prompted resources being utilized on working expenditures. In this case, enhancements geared towards logistical effectiveness are seen as standouts amongst the most essential steps towards the implementation of this project. This study focuses at the feasibility of a distinctive e-grocery logistics framework and usage plan. The primary target is to study how best to actualize an e-Grocery business from the logistical perspective in order to guarantee some business success. The second target is to recognize, model, and assess diverse logistical results that could be utilized as a part of e-basic need retailing. esults for realizing more remarkable delivery proficiency are displayed and modeled.

For the realization…… [Read More]

Human Resource Management The Motivation Plan

HM

Improving Motivation

The Motivation Plan

Summary of Moat Important Elements of the Plan

Motivating the Minimum Wage Service Workers

The elevance of the Individual Worker

Individual to Teamwork Chart

The development of an organizational motivation plan to improve performance within a company should take into account the different needs of different employees as well as the requirements of the employer. The Hawthorne studies by Mayo indicated that when employees were happy and motivated at work they would work harder and display more positive behavioral traits. If the firm is suffering from traits associated with poor motivation, such as poor performance levels, developing a plan to increase motivation may result in desired changes in the behavior, especially if the plan is designed with the needs of the employer in mind.

In the case of the firm making the WooWoo widgets, there are currently some problems; the main symptom is a…… [Read More]

Taylorism Scientific Call Centre Management

Taylorism' / 'Scientific management.'

Introduction to the Evolvement of Management Theory during the 19th and 20th Century

With the coming of the Industrial age at the turn of the Century, and a new era, came the need for more efficient management techniques. Several Classical Theories evolved during the early years of this discipline. Fordism arose from a synthesis of the other earlier theories. Fayolism philosophy included close communication between bosses and workers. Taylorism developed a theory known as "Scientific Management" to study and set appropriate work quotas based on research. Lillian Gilbreth believed that workers were motivated by both direct and indirect motives. Arthur Gantt developed a task chart to help monitor and plan projects more efficiently.

After the Classical theorists, the Human Relations Movement began to take into account the reasons for individual responses. The first of these theorists was George Elton Mayo who conducted experiments at the General…… [Read More]

Cocoa the Cacao Tree Theobroma Cacao What

Cocoa

THE CACAO TREE (THEOBROMA CACAO)

WHAT IS IN THE COCOA BEAN?

MAKING AND EATING CHOCOLATE

State of the At of Cocoa

Is Cocoa good fo you?

Buden of Poof

CHOCOLATE AS A FAT

EFFECTS ON BLOOD LIPIDS

WHAT IS OK

CHOCOLATE AND HEALTH AND DISEASE

Chocolate Caving

F. Migaine

G. Toxicity

H. Immune Function

Allegy

J. Othe Disodes

K. Behavio

L. Antioxidants

M. Caffeine

N. Dental Caies

O. Migaines

P. Obesity

Seum Cholesteol

K. Heat Health

Pacemakes and vitamin pills ae just among a few of millions of health poducts that ae sold daily aound the wold. But one of the most easily accessible of all is ight beneath ou noses: chocolate. Cocoa, the plant fom which chocolate is deived, has had a positive effect on today's society because of its active ole in daily health. The development and distibution of cocoa has had a positive effect on today's…… [Read More]