Interconnection Essays (Examples)

The Data Link Layer, Layer 2, provides the means to transfer data between network entities and to detect and possibly correct errors that may occur in the layer beneath it, the Physical Layer. This bottom layer is responsible for: establishment and termination of a connection to a communications medium; participation in the process where communication resources are effectively shared among multiple users and; conversion between the representation of digital data in user equipment and the corresponding signals transmitted over a communications channel.

Individual layers are not exposed to how the layers above and below them function; they only know how to pass data to them (the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model). Isolating network communications functions in this way minimizes the impact of changes on the entire protocol suite (the seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model).

ibliography

Open Systems Interconnection -- Reference Model (OSI -- RM). http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-025/_3680.htm

The 7 layers…

Bibliography

Open Systems Interconnection -- Reference Model (OSI -- RM).  http://www.its.bldrdoc.gov/fs-1037/dir-025/_3680.htm 

The 7 layers of the OSI Model (2008, March 3). Webopedia.  http://www.webopedia.com/quick_ref/OSI_Layers.asp 

The seven-layer Open Systems Interconnection Reference Model. http://www.citap.com/documents/tcp-ip/tcpip006.htm

Exxon Corporation is a multi-national American oil and gas corporation. It has its roots in the John D. Rockefeller's Standard Oil Company established in 1870. In November 30, 1999, Exxon and Mobil merged and became ExxonMobil. ExxonMobil keeps its headquarters in Irving, Texas. From Rockefeller to ExxonMobil, the company has developed and chosen vertical integration (the combination in one company of two or more stages of production normally operated by separate companies (450)

) across the entire supply chain including upstream and downstream directions to encourage and facilitate exchange of information. Constant and effective communication aids in improving sales strategy, promote efficiency, and minimize costs on a local, regional, and global scale. Although, based on the events of the Baton Rouge location, ExxonMobil does not seem to realize the importance of communication on all scales.

The first scale analyze is the global scale. The industry is characterized by globalization of…

Heart Disease

elationship between cardiac arrest and coronary cardiac disease

The heart is an essential organ in the human body, it keeps the individual alive. Understanding how the heart operates and functions is essential to help protect your heart from heart disease. Cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease are significant heart related illness that has a high mortality rate. It is important for individuals with pre-existing heart disease to understand the symptoms of cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease, since these are both leading causes of fatality in the United States. Understanding how the heart works, the individuals risk for heart disease, and how to prevent or delay heart disease is essential. In this paper I will address the relationship between cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease. I will also explain how the heart functions and discuss some ways of preventing cardiac arrest and coronary heart disease.

Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac…

References

Antonini-Canterin et. al. (2009). Association between carotid and coronary artery disease in patients with aortic valve stenosis: an angiographic study. Angiology 60 (5) 596-600

CDC. (2010). Heart disease. Retrieved from  http://www.cdc.gov/heartdisease/ 

Dewey et. al. (2004). Coronary artery disease: new insights and their implications for radiology. European Radiology. 14 (6) 1048-1054

Escolar et. al. (2006). New imaging techniques for diagnosing coronary artery disease. Canadian Medical Association Journal. 174 (4) 487-495

The result of the innovation chain at Apple is that the company has delivered products that are not innovative, but are used and designed in innovative ways. The vertical integration is unique, the design is unique, and Apple's vision for how its products are used is also unique. Put together, the company is one of the most innovative in consumer electronics, and many firms follow Apple's lead. This has enhanced the company's reputation by positioning it as the innovator. With groundbreaking products, Apple also has a strong employer brand. The company therefore is able to attract top talent, on the idea that this talent will be put to good use in developing leading edge products.

The company's supply chain is typical of the industry. Apple sources finished products primarily from China, from OEMs that manufacture consumer electronics for a number of different companies. The key benefit of Apple's supply chain…

This comes to only point out the fact that the role of postmodernism is essential because it offers a different perspective through which humans can understand the events taking place around them and can interpret them to provide meanings that would be useful in their own development and in the development of the social being.

One of the important aspects of postmodernism is that unlike other theories that have been advocated throughout the decades, this approach takes into account the human perception of things. The development of this trend was essential because the human individual needed a framework through which it could accept, acknowledge and deal with the changes taking place around it. More precisely, at the end of the 19th century, the issue of industrialization together with the huge developments that were taking place at the level of the political changes, economic burst, and cultural revolutions set the human…

Works Cited

Chorney, Harold. City of Dreams: Social Theory and the Urban Experience. . Scarborough: Nelson Canada International Thompson ltd., 1990.

Greenpeace International. The Founders of Greenpeace. 2008. 26 Oct 2012 .

Hutcheon, Linda. The Politics of Postmodernism . New York: Routledge, 2002.

-- . "The Politics of Postmodernism: Parody and History." Cultural Critique. Modernity and Modernism, Postmodernity and Postmodernism (1986-7): p179-207.

OSIIT

An analysis of IT policy transformation

The aim of this project is to evaluate the effectiveness of information security policy in the context of an organization, OSI Systems, Inc. With presence in Africa, Australia, Canada, England, Malaysia and the United States, OSI Systems, Inc. is a worldwide company based in California that develops and markets security and inspection systems such as airport security X-ray machines and metal detectors, medical monitoring anesthesia systems, and optoelectronic devices. The company is also represented by three subsidiary divisions in offices and plants dedicated to the brands, apiscan Systems, OSI Optoelectronics and SpaceLabs Healthcare.

In 2010, OSI, Inc. had sales of $595 million with net income of over $25 million. As of June 2010, the company was comprised of 2,460 personnel globally. The parent company provides oversight and fiscal control to the different divisions, and is connected through its virtual network world-wide intranet system;…

References

Allen, J. (2005). Governing for Security: Project Stakeholders Interests. News at SEI. Retrieved on 5SEPT10 from  http://www.sei.cmu.edu/library/abstracts/news-at-sei/securitymatters20054.cfm 

Computer Misuse Law, 2006. Parliament UK. Retrieved from:  http://www.publications.parliament.uk/pa/cm200809/cmhansrd/cm090916/text/90916w0015.htm#09091614000131 

Diver, S. (2006). Information Security Policy -- A Development Guide for Large and Small Companies. SANS Institute InfoSec Reading Room. Retrieved on 30 Sept 10 from  http://www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers/policyissues/information-security-policy-development-guide-large-small-companies_1331 

Global IT Policy (2009) OSI, Inc.

Integrating Total Quality Environmental Management Systems - a Critical Study of TQEM

Relevance of TQM to Environmental Management

Scope of Dissertation

Moving from Reactive to Proactive Management

Understanding TQM in Relation to TQEM

History of TQM

Operation of TQM

Quality and Environmental Management Standards

Environmental Management Systems

Weaknesses of EMS Standards

Total Quality Environmental Management

Comparing ISO 9000 and ISO 14000

Integrating the ISO 14000 Environmental Management System

Demographics

Impact of certification on economic and ecological performances

Research Design and Nature

Integrating a Sustainable EMS with TQM

Steps to Implementing an Effective TQEM Strategy

Final Word

ibliography

INTEGRATING QUALITY AND ENVIRONMENTAL ManagementS SYSTEMS - A CRITICAL STUDY

INTRODUCTION

ackground and Overview of Study

For decades economic growth has been considered the main indicator of a healthy society (Oliver, 1996). However, only recently has society begun to recognize the environmental cost of this growth. As a result, there is now an…

Bibliography working paper. Winnipeg, MB: International Institute for Sustainable Development, 1996. 58

Bisang, O. (2000), Green Banking - The Value of ISO 14001 Certification

Chattopadhyay, S.P. (2001), "Improving the Speed of ISO 14000 Implementation: A Framework for Increasing Productivity," Managerial Auditing Journal, 16/1, pp. 36-39.

Chinn, R. (March 21, 2001). Roadmap to Realization -- "Getting Started with Your QMS/EMS Integration Process. Alamo Learning Systems.

Clark, D. (1999), What Drives Companies to Seek ISO 14000 Certification, Pollution Engineering, Summer, pp. 14.

features of telecommunications networks, including key networking technologies. Cover the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI) model, including each logical layer.

The OSI layer covers the different layers and types of communication that occurs within a network. The layers, in order of complexity from greatest to lowest are application, presentation, session, transport, network, data link and physical. The physical layer is the actual transport medium like network cable and such while routers and switches address much of the middle layers while the "window" to the user is the application layer at the very top. Telecommoniciation networks, and this is something that will be answered more in-depth later in this report, are very computer driven and are in many ways indistinguishable from regular computer networks as phone and conventional internet networks are very much one and the same and this is especially true when speaking Voice over IP (VOIP) technologies and the like.…

References

DigiCert. (2014, February 20). What Is SSL (Secure Sockets Layer) and What Are SSL

Certificates?. DigiCert Inc.. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from  http://www.digicert.com/ssl.htm 

Kratsas, G. (2014, February 18). Reports: Target warned before data breach. USA

Today. Retrieved February 20, 2014, from  http://www.usatoday.com/story/money/business/2014/02/14/target-warned-breach/5494911/

Jonas (1992) points to the first signs of life as the quickening of an unborn person in the womb. From prenatal quickening, a person soon learns self-expression in different ways. One is in the form of a meaningful series of bodily activities or motions called dance. It has evolved into both a tradition and an unconscious external display of purpose, emotion or message. Through history, it can be a form of wooing, entertainment, mourning, praying, healing, teaching or communication. These expressions evolved into a people's culture upon which their society was built (Jonas). Sklar (2001), on the other hand, lists five premises for a culturally sensitive approach to, and an appreciation of, dance. He lists them as a knowledge of movement as cultural in nature; as conceptual, emotional and kinesthetic; as embedded into other kinds of cultural knowledge; as requiring a discernment beyond physical movement; and always an immediate physical…

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Jonas, Gerald. Dancing- the Pleasure, Power and Art of Movement, 1992. New York: Harry N.

Abrams, Inc.

Sklar, Deidre. Five Premises for a Culturally Sensitive Approach to Dance, 2001. North

Carolina: Wesleyan University Press

Separation of Powers

Doctrine of Separation of powers in Australia

The concept of separation of powers has been in operation and application in many countries. This has always helped them in ensuring efficient governance and effective working of each arm of the government without interfering with the other organs of the government. Factually, the different arms of the governments cannot operate independent of each other, yet they must keep a safe distance that will enable them operate effectively and carry out their daily activities. This doctrine of separation of powers classifies the institutions of government into 3 major branches classified as the legislative, the Executive and the judicial branch. Separation of powers in Australia

The Australian system is referred to as the Westminster system which is a system that was adopted from England and still has the Queen as the overall head who resides in England but represented locally by…

References

Australianpolitics.com, (2014). Westminster System. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://australianpolitics.com/democracy-and-politics/key-terms/westminster-system 

Carney G., (1993). Separation of Powers in the Westminster System. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://www.parliament.qld.gov.au/aspg/papers/930913.pdf 

Museum of Australian Democracy, (2014). Australia's System of Governance. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://static.moadoph.gov.au/ophgovau/media/images/apmc/docs/61-System-of-government.pdf 

Parliamentary Education Office, (2014). Separation of Powers: Parliament, Executive and Judiciary. Retrieved April 21, 2014 from  http://www.peo.gov.au/learning/fact-sheets/separation-of-powers.html

Secured real time protocol (STP) is also being identified to enhance the security parameter of WAN and LAN network elements. "STP provides protection with encryption keys for wired and wireless networks including bandwidth limited channels." (Guillen and Chacon 2009 P. 690). There is also a growing use of IP secure to protect organization from the interception of data over the LAN and WAN environment.

To enhance network security, Chen, Horng, & Yang (2008) postulate the use of public key cryptography. While there is a growing use of public key cryptography, there is still a shortcoming identified with the use of public key cryptography in the LAN and WAN environment. Since the public key is being kept in a public file, it is possible for an active intruder to forge the contents of the public key and use it to get access onto the data kept within the network system. To…

References

Chen, T. Horng, G. & Yang, C. (2008).Public Key Authentication Schemes for Local Area. Informaticia.19 (1):3-16.

Fetterolf, P.C. & Anandalinga, G. (1992). Optimal design of LAN-WAN internetworks:

an approach using simulated annealing. Annals of Operations Research. 36: 275-298.

Guillen, P.E. & Chacon, D. A (2009). VoIP Networks Performance Analysis with Encryption Systems. World Academy of Science, Engineering & Technology. 58: 688-695.

Network Standards

A Brief Look Since 1995

This is a research paper that focuses on network standards and protocols that involve strategies in management. Leadership strategies cannot handle the need for network standards to handle billions of users and user generated applications. Therefore management strategies are more appropriate. Furthermore the history of network standards shows layering through the OSI models follows a management approach vs. A leadership approach.

In the OSI model, there are seven layers. The seven layers then acts as a means of managing problems within that layer as it is separated and contained. People can run communication through these layers much more easily and smoothly than through a singular, whole layer. The several layers are more efficient and can handle and spot problems and inefficiencies more quickly. It serves as the basis for network standards.

The history behind network standards provides valuable insight into how organizations emerged…

References

Faynberg, I. (1997). The intelligent network standards. New York: McGraw-Hill.

Haase, J. (2012). Wireless Network Standards for Building Automation. Embedded Systems, 53-65. Doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-8795-2_4

Panayides, A., Antoniou, Z., Pattichis, M., Pattichis, C., & Constantinides, A. (2012). High efficiency video coding for ultrasound video communication in m-health systems. IEEE, 2170.

Siep, T., Gifford, I., Braley, R., & Heile, R. (2000). Paving the way for personal area network standards: an overview of the IEEE P802.15 Working Group for Wireless Personal Area Networks.IEEE Personal Communications, 7(1), 37-43. doi:10.1109/98.824574

More recently, Miedzian (1991) has studied peer pressure, the socialization process, and military impact that has resulted in violence becoming standard behavior in males, and Thompson (1991) has demonstrated that violent acts are more often performed by males with greater masculine gender orientations.

Another slant on this topic was placed by West and Zimmerman (1987) in "Doing Gender," that looked at gender not in terms of a set of traits that are held by individuals, but rather as something people do together in their social interactions. In this case, gender is basically about social interaction and establishing relationships. It is an integral part of all daily interactions. Where a person's actions in "doing gender" simultaneously produce, reproduce, sustain and legitimate the social meanings accorded to gender. The authors state that gender is a fundamental aspect of all social relationships, in terms that no one can possibly not do gender if…

References

Carrigan, C., Connell, R.W., & Lee, J. (1985), Toward a new sociology of masculinity, Theory and Society, 14 (5), 551-604.

Cloward, Richard a. And Lloyd E. Ohlin. 1960. Delinquency and Opportunity: a theory of delinquent gangs. Glencoe, IL: Free Press.

Connell, RW. 1985. Masculinities. Cambridge, Polity Press.

Connell, R.W. And Messerschmidt, J. (2005) Hegemonic Masculinity, Rethinking the Concept Gender and Society. Gender & Society, 19(6), 829-859

Individual Terms

Word Processor

"Sometimes abbreviated as WP, a word processor is a software program capable of creating, storing, and printing documents. Unlike the standard typewriter, users using word processors have the ability of creating a document and making any changes anywhere in the document. This document can also be saved for modification at a later time or to be opened on any other computer using the same word processor. (Computer Hope, 2011)" Microsoft's Word is a word processor and there are other ones as well such as Apple iWork, Corel WordPerfect, and Sun StarOffice. Amongst the various office automated systems, the word processor is one of the most used thereto.

Hierarchical Database

This type of database is one of the first of its kind and is still present in older or legacy systems. "Each cell in a table may have a table underneath it, which is similar to the…

Bibliography:

Best Priced Computers UK. (2009). Decision support systems. Retrieved July 31, 2011 from  http://www.bestpricecomputers.co.uk/glossary/decision-support-systems.htm 

Computer Hope. (2011). Word processor. Retrieved July 31, 2011 from  http://www.computerhope.com/jargon/w/wordssor.htm 

Hernandez, G. (2011, August 8). DB types. Retrieved July 31, 2011 from  http://www.georgehernandez.com/h/xComputers/Databases/aaIntro/DBTypes.asp 

Introduction to HIS. (2007). Retrieved July 31, 2011 from  http://faculty.yu.edu.jo

Telecommunications Act of 1996 was a high point in the history of telecommunications in the United States. It was coming twelve years after the breakup of AT&T; the Act endeavored to reposition all telecommunications markets in the direction of opposition. The Act imagined antagonism in all telecommunications markets, both in the markets for the numerous elements that included the telecommunications network, along with the final services the network generated. Going on the knowledge of the long distance market, which was distorted from a monopoly to a successfully competitive market over the last twelve years, the Act attempted to endorse opposition in the hitherto dominate local exchange markets. The Act acknowledged the telecommunications network as a network of consistent networks. Telecommunications contributors were obliged to intersect with applicant at any possible point the entrant desires. Most prominently, the Act commanded that current local exchange carriers ("ILECs") lease parts of their network…

Bibliography

Overbey, Jason. (1996) Telecommunication Act of 1996,

October 23,2002. www.telecommunications.com

OET, (2001) OET Telecommunications,.

October, 23, 2002. www.oet.com

Paradox Marketing Implementation for Business ustainability in Indonesian Telecommunication Company

The study provides the analysis of paradox marketing strategy implementation for business sustainability for Indonesian telecommunication company using the Telkom as a center of investigation. The research objectives have been achieved and research questions answered using both the primary and secondary research. The secondary data are collected using a comprehensive literature review from various scholarly research articles. Moreover, comprehensive literature review is carried out by collecting data from various research articles from EBCOhost database, cience Direct, Emerald Publication, university libraries, and online academic libraries. The quantitative research is used as a method of data collection using the survey strategy. Comparative analysis carried out between qualitative and quantitative research reveals that quantitative research is more appropriate to complete the thesis because it saves time and is cost effective.

The data collected through primary and secondary research have been used to achieve…

Sources: Guidelines for Authors. AJN, American Journal of Nursing. 109(4): 76 -- 77.

Appendices

Summary of the Results

Strongly Disagree

Disagree

This means that the Korean model is difficult to implement in countries where performance and advancement are so interconnected.

2. The main theme of the analyzed article is the difference between an individualistic approach towards reward allocation and a team-based one.

The theme of the article relates to the article on "Reward Allocation and Culture: A Meta-Analysis," whose theme is reward allocation, in particular the way the reward allocation behavior varies across different cultures. Based on an ample theoretical research, the article initially presents the way that theory on this subject has developed during the last decade and moves. As such, the premise of reward allocation has gradually shifted from reward allocated based on equity and equality to reward being allocated in a framework that factors in more and more additional issues such as social skills or tenure. The degree to which some of these factors are considered varies from…

This interpretation would therefore tend to suggest a view of the art that shows cultural and social disparities between classes and social groups in the society.

3. Conclusion

In the final analysis what is clear that Mithen's approach holds a great deal of potential for an understanding of past cultures and societies from an archeological perspective. This interpretive stance is valuable in that it takes into account a wide ranging and inclusive understanding of the concept of ecology. Mithen's view is both logical and consistent with contemporary approaches in other disciplines in its emphasis on holistic and integrative views and interpretations of reality. Another benefit of this stance is that it brings to bear a host of different disciplines and perspectives that can help to unravel the mysteries encapsulated in the artifacts of the past.

However, while holistic thinking and integration are useful conceptual tools for research one should not…

Bibliography

Hodder, I., & Hutson, S., 2003, Reading the Past: Current Approaches to Interpretation in Archaeology (3rd ed.), Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.

Faris, J., 1983, 'From Form to Content in the Structural Study of Aesthetic Systems', in D. Washburn (ed.), Structure and Cognition in Art, Cambridge University Press, London.

Flannery, K. V, and Marcus, J., 1976, 'Formative Oaxaca and the Zapotec Cosmos',

American Scientist, volume 64, pp.374-83.

These stores then send information into Short-Term memory stores, which then send information into Long-Term memory stores. The believed that control process were performed in short-term memory which allowed information to be put into long-term memory and then recalled from it as well (Baddeley, 1997).

6. Suppose a two-year-old child believed every object a person can go into with a roof is called a house. One day the child refers to the family car as a house. The parent corrects him and says this is a car not a house. Based on Piaget's theory, what will this child have to do in order to correctly process this material and not make a similar error in the future?

According to Piaget the child would have to assimilate and accommodate the information in order to not make the same mistake in the future. Assimilation is the process by which a person takes…

Works Cited

Baddeley, Alan D. (1997). Human Memory. Retrieved July 7, 2009, from Google Books Web

site: http://books.google.com/books?id=fMgm-

2 NXAXYC&pg=PA44&lpg=PA44&dq=Atkinson+and+Shiffrin%27s+(1971)+model+of

+memory&source=bl&ots=jLZi5KhHLo&sig=7Xk6Pz5i8SK3njg7lPGVsXSsIBE&hl=e n&ei=qk9TSv-MLoG6NfKlmOgI&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1

" (ean, 2006) ean notes that a "dramatic decline in the influence of father involvement has been shown to be correlated with fathers' maintaining a residence other than that of their children." (2006)

According to the work entitled: "Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency" developmental pathways of adolescent delinquency has been examined by researcher "through both longitudinal research and meta-analyses." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) Resulting from these empirical investigations are "numerous insights...key indicators and predictors of behavior of those youths who engage and those who persist in delinquent behavior." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) According to this work there have been a number of studies which had made identification of characteristic patterns of parent-child relationships that are strongly associated with juvenile delinquency." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) the work of Juby and Farrington (2001); Patterson and Stouthamer-Loeber (1984); and Steinberg (1987) state that "evidence clearly demonstrates the…

Bibliography

Allen, Sarah; and Daly, Kerry (2007) the Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence Inventory. FIRA-CURA Centre for Families, Work & Well-Being University of Guelph, Ontario Canada. Online available at  http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:9pJUiihSv0YJ:fira.ca/cms/documen  ts/29/Effects_of_Father_Involvement.pdf+CORRELATION+BETW EEN+the+ABSENCE+of+PATERNAL+INVOLVEMENT+and+SEXUAL+RISK+TAKING+BEHAVIOR+in+ADOLESCENT+FEMALES&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=26&gl=us

Bean, Matthew (2006) Understanding Father's Roles: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Family Therapists. Kansas State University 2006. Online available at  http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:R_K1C-afXJ8J:krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2097/314/1/MatthewBean2007.pdf+CORRELATION+BETWEEN+the+ABSENCE+of+PATERNAL+INVOLVEMENT+and+SEXUAL+RISK+TAKING+BEHAVIOR+in+ADOLESCENT+FEMALES&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=37&gl=us 

Brooks, Constance M. (2007) Environmental Risk Factors and Risky Sexual Behavior Outcomes: Attitudes as a Mediating Factor. Online available at http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2007/Dissertation/BrooksC-051107-D6584/research.pdf

Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.) (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Brooks, Constance M. (2007) Environmental Risk Factors and Risky Sexual Behavior Outcomes: Attitudes as a Mediating Factor. Online available at http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2007/Dissertation/BrooksC-051107-D6584/research.pdf

Louvre: Influences of an Art Museum on Vistors, People, and Politics

"The Louvre, once the palace of kings, was now reorganized as a museum for the people, to be open [...] It

thus became a lucid symbol of the fall of the Old Regime and the rise of a new order" (192)

Built as a palace for the pomp of kings and queens of France, the Louvre has served to awe and inspire its visitors for centuries. The Louvre, now no less than one of the world's most famous art galleries, still continues to communicate majesty to its visitors, without the monarchial affliation. Yet in the Louvre's undeniable aesthetic appeal, both in its palatial architecture and near endless masterpieces of artwork, is intertwined with a vibrant, smart political advantage that has come to define not only citizen-centered political systems, such as democracy, but also the entire field of Art History.…

Oxford Brookes University BSc (Hons) in Applied

Accounting esearch and Analysis Project

An Analysis of the Business and Financial Performance of StarHub Group from 2008 to 2010

Topic chosen and for the reason

For the basis of my Oxford Brookes University degree research and analysis project (AP) is project, the topic selected was number 8, "The business and financial performance of organisation over the three years period." This selection is due in large part to my ultimate dream job of being a professional financial analyst and the environment in which the Singaporean telecommunications industry is developing. For instance, Chong and Chow emphasize that, "Asia's telecommunications market has long been viewed as lucrative and fast growing. The value of the Asian market is estimated at $180 billion, while a recent study shows that the "Asia-Pacific excluding Japan has been the fastest growing information and communications technology market, moving at a compound…

REFERENCES

Anderson, M. (2010, August) 'Gearing.' ACCA Student Accountant.

Bragg, S.M. (2007) Business Ratio and Formulas, 2nd Ed. John Wiley & Sons, Inc.

Chong, R. & Chow W. (1999) 'Financing Telecommunications Projects in Asia: A Promising

Regulatory Perspective.' Federal Communications Law Journal, vol. 52, no. 1, p. 1.

Sociology Take Home Final

Unequal Power Relationships and Laborers

The unequal power relationship that characterizes many employment relationships is characteristic of industrialized capitalism. Capitalism itself is defined by the manufacturing division of labor, which systematically divides the work of economic production into limited operations. The result is that no one man in the Capitalist system would know how to produce a good from start to finish, destroying the traditional notion of occupations, e.g. artisans or craftsmen.

ecause each worker is only qualified to perform a particular, often narrow, task which creates no value in itself but must be combined with the fruits of other tasks by the Capitalist, the worker is at the mercy of the Capitalist who owns the means of production. The dominant mode of employment arising from the manufacturing division of labor is wage labor. In wage labor, a worker does not work to improve his own…

Bibliography

Adler, William M. Mollie's Job: A Story of Life and Work on the Global Assembly Line. New York: Scribner, 2000. Print.

Appiah, Anthony. Cosmopolitanism: Ethics in a World of Strangers. New York: W.W. Norton & Co, 2006. Print.

Bowe, John. Nobodies: Modern American Slave Labor and the Dark Side of the New Global Economy. New York: Random House, 2007. Print.

Ehrenreich, Barbara. Nickel and Dimed: On (not) Getting by in America. New York: Metropolitan Books, 2001. Print.

Following from this is the assumption that ideological connections may be the precursor to more definite and practical interactions between these groups and organizations.

In other words, terrorist groups, whether representing different nationalistic and ideological persuasions, can also be linked by shared concerns, objectives and perceptions. The increase in the ease of communications and the Internet has also accelerated the possibly of these connections. This has highlighted the threat of domestic extremists and the possible connections between extremist groupings. There has also been a more directed contemporary focus on the underlying causative facets that motivate and precipitate terrorist actions, resulting in a growing realization that these underlying causative elements in extremist groups can be more important and possibly override national and regional differences.

Cyber-terrorism has become a particularly virulent and dangerous form of terrorism that is not restricted by any regional or international boundaries. Experts agree that this form of…

References

Alexander, M. (2010). Martyrdom, Interrupted. The National Interest 10+. Retrieved from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5041434091 

Ashour, O. (2007). Lions Tamed? An Inquiry into the Causes of De-radicalization of Armed Islamist Movements: the Case of the Egyptian Islamic Group. The Middle East Journal, 61(4).

Beres, L. (1971) the MEANING of TERRORISM. Prepared for COUNTERTERRORISM and SECURITY INTERNATIONAL . Department of Political Science Purdue University. Retrieved from  http://web.ics.purdue.edu/~lberes/terroris.html 

Chowdbury, F. And Hearne, E. ( 2008). Beyond Terrorism: Deradicalization and Disengagement'from Violent Extremism. International Peace Institute. Retrieved from  http://www.ipinst.org/media/pdf/publications/beter.pdf

Papyri

Awakening Osiris: The Egyptian ook of the Dead

The Egyptian ook of the Dead is a western title for an ancient collection of Egyptian manuscripts, the majority of which were funerary in nature. These collected writings have also been referred to as the Egyptian ible or identified by the names of the scribes who penned them. The Papyrus of Ani comprises the most significant contribution to these texts, though there are some other minor sources which are often included. In the original languages, these works were more accurately entitled the ooks of Coming Forth y Day. One of the greatest challenges to English-language speakers when confronting all the great scriptures is the language gap. Unless one has the time and inclination to learn Arabic, Hindi, Hebrew, Greek -- or in this case, Egyptian Heiroglyphs -- it becomes necessary to read the scriptures in translation. The farther removed one's own…

Bibliography

Budge, E.A. Wallis et al. (Trans.) The Egyptian Book of the Dead: The Papyrus of Ani.  http://www.touregypt.net/bkofdead.htm 

Ellis, Normandi (Trans.). Awakening Osiris: The Egyptian Book of the Dead. Grand Rapids, MI: Phanes Press, 1988.

Seawright, Caroline. "The Book of the Dead" Tour Egypt Feature.  http://www.touregypt.net/featurestories/bod.htm 

Sophia Society for Philosophy. "Genetico-cognitive features of the ante-rational mind." Sophia Society for Philosophy.  http://www.maat.sofiatopia.org/cognition.htm

Cox had no obligation to contribute VoIP derived revenues to the Universal Service Fund, however the Cox management decided to contribute voluntarily. This way Cox has tried to enhance and build its stature as both a good corporate citizen and established carrier.

Although VoIP was in line; Cox didn't breakout its variable and fixed expenses for residential telephony.

ECOMMENDATIONS

Cox had proven its ability to profitably provide first rate telephone service. In doing so, they have experienced that bundled offerings could significantly reduce churn.

There is no to launch the operations of VoIP speedily. By doing so Cox can lock in customers, otherwise Cox would be exposed to competition and rivalry from DBS and other ILECs who are steadily and gradually building the art and science of bundling. Cox should better plan its ploicy such that it can cater for the supremacy of the competitors.

The training cost of the…

References

 http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_generic_strategies.htm .  http://www.marketingteacher.com/Lessons/lesson_value_chain.htm 

 http://www.quickmba.com/strategy/porter.shtml   http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Porter_5_forces_analysis 

http://www.cox.com/Digitalservices/

Cox Communication Inc., Harvard Business School report.

Despite their supposed differences, all of the foregoing organizational management techniques and approaches share some common themes involving getting a better handle of what is actually being done in companies and how better to manage these things. Unfortunately, another common theme these management approaches share is the inappropriate or misapplication of these approaches by managers who either do not understand how they work or by rabid managers who insist on absolute conformity with these processes and procedures without any room for flexibility according to the unique needs of the organization. In fact, according to Mills (2003), "Analysis of the data suggests that the implementation of organizational change, particularly selected change programs such as Culture Change, TQM and BP, does not follow the rational, orderly decision-making processes indicated by advocates" (p. 2). Nevertheless, some of the more recent management approaches do provide a more comprehensive analysis of what can reasonably be…

References

Ashkenas, R.N. (1994). Beyond the fads: How leaders drive change with results. Human Resource Planning, 17(2), 25-27.

Bailey, J. (1996). After thought: The computer challenge to human intelligence. New York: Basic Books.

Bennis, W. & Mische, M. (1995). The 21st century organization: Reinventing through reengineering. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.

Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders. New York: Harper and Row.

Sometimes, only network design enhancements are needed for existing networks that are still functional.

Characterizing the network infrastructure is the next step in designing a new network. To be able to develop a network map, different methods must be used. It is possible to figure out the architecture of the existing network by locating the cabling in the physical environment (Oppenheimer, 1998). The accessibility to major hosts and storage spaces can also be determined by taking a good look at the physical set up of the network. The location of the major internetworking devices as well as network segments is very important. All cables and their types or uses should be documented. The lengths of the cables are also important in order to be able to check the quality of connections. Environmental constraints can be seen within the physical environment of the network.

Developing a network map can only be…

References

Farr R.E. (1988). Telecommunications Traffic, Tariffs and Costs -- an Introduction for

Managers. New York: Peter Peregrinus Ltd.

Oppenheimer, P. (1998). Top-down Network Design. Cisco Press. Indianapolis: Macmillan

Technical Publishing.

Myth of the First Three Years

Major Points of the Arguments made by Broude and Zero to Three

Broude presents arguments against the myth of the first three years by exposing some of the fallacies propagated by popular neuroscience. The first argument that she makes is that the stage of brain development is not the same as the stage of child development. She argues that the fact that the brain is developing connections rapidly should not be taken to imply that the connections are being formed as a result of rapid learning. She argues instead that the forming of connections among neurons is simply the stage-setting for learning to take place in later years of the lifespan. Her second major argument is that a number of traits are experience-expectant and not age dependent. The fact that most of these experiences are available to children during the first three years of…

References

Dowling, M. (2009). Young children's personal, social and emotional development. Sage Publications.

OECD. (2007). Understanding the brain: The birth of a learning science. OECD Publishing.

Wilson, C. (2006). No on is too old to learn. iUniverse.

Abnormal psychology is a field in psychology that addresses dysfunctions in behavior which are determined abnormally by standards of behavior .These standards have been established by clinical professionals in the field such as medical doctors, psychiatrists and psychologists. Behaviors considered to be abnormal are; schizophrenia, depression, attention deficit disorder, eating disorder, sexual deviance, obsessive compulsive disorder and anti-social disorder (Cherry, 2012). These disordered function outside the normal parameters of the functional behaviors considered to be standard. The paper will look at the origins of abnormal psychology and challenges when it comes to the classification and definition of normal and abnormal behavior. It will also look at how abnormal psychology has evolved into a scientific discipline. It will finally look at the theoretical models that have led to the advancement of understanding psychopathology.

Origins of Abnormal psychology

Abnormal psychology has been undergoing tremendous changes and progress. It is a very controversial…

References

Cherry, K. (2012).What is Abnormal Psychology? Retrieved May 10, 2013 from  http://psychology.about.com/od/abnormalpsychology/f/abnormal-psychology.htm 

Crawford, O. (2010). Psychopathology Analysis: Historical and Contemporary Perspectives of Abnormal Behavior and Psychopathology. Retrieved May 10, 2013 from  http://voices.yahoo.com/psychopathology-analysis-6147988.html

Social equity is a key issue of public administration and forms the basic theme of the 2013 "Social Equity Leadership Conference," in June. This white paper discusses the key goals of the conference based on the conference issue for social equity as global engagement and local responsibility. These are the issue facing social equity among domestic and global public leaders in public and private agencies in the education, immigration, transportation, environmental, policing and corrections sectors. A review of theories on public administration identifies that public leadership networking, collaboration, and cooperation with leaders and agencies is necessary. This is associated with public leadership practices like public policy development, implementation, monitoring, and evaluation, social equity, and public advocacy.

Introduction

Conference Theme:

Globally Engaged, Locally esponsible: New Challenges for Social Equity

Emerging Issues in Social Equity and Leadership Covered in the Conference:

1. Education

2. Policing and corrections

3. At risk communities, which…

References

Brian, A.E., & Adam, J.N. (2010). Building the reservoir to nowhere: The role of agencies in advocacy coalitions. Policy Studies Journal, 38(4), 653-678.

Buss, T.F. & Morse, R.S. (2008). Innovations in Public Leadership Development. Armonk, New York; M.E. Sharpe, Inc.

Candler, G., & Dumont, G. (2010). The price of citizenship: Civic responsibility as the missing dimension of public administration theory. Public Administration Quarterly, 34(2), 169-201.

Cichocki, D., Laberschek, M., & Rusanowska, M. (2011). Analysis of strategy of culture development in krakow 2010-2014 as an example of public policy implementation. Zarzadzanie Publiczne, 13(1), 103-115.

British Age of Austerity and the Debt Crisis

Currently, the United Kingdom is going through a period of intense economic turmoil where the fundamental questions of monetary and fiscal policy are major political issues. As Europe finds it's way through the ongoing sovereign debt crisis, Britons find themselves on the cusp of a recession and their government is enacting unprecedented budgetary cuts to weather the storm. This paper will analyze the macroeconomic policies of the Cameron government in response to the sovereign debt crisis and the associated recession here in the United Kingdom.

Before we can analyze the current situation it is important to define terms. According to the Office for National tatistics (2011), the British government is in the midst of a recession. This is defined as a period of general economic decline, defined usually as a contraction in the GDP for six months (two consecutive quarters) or longer.…

Sources:

Bartlett, Bruce (2004). Brief Analysis No. 483. National Center for Policy Analysis.

Burnham, James B. (2003). Why Ireland Boomed. The Independent Review, Vol. 7, No. 4-537 -- 556

Gwartney, James, Stroup, Richard L. & Lee, Dwight R. (2005). Common Sense Economics. New York, St. Martin's Press

Hauptmeier, Sebastian, Heipertz, Martin & Schuknecht, Ludger (2006). Expenditure Reform in Industrialized Countries: A Case Study Approach. European Central Bank Working Paper No. 634.

Right from the beginning, information systems were perceived as tools that could increase efficiency. Quinn (1976) prescribed increased use of information systems in public service in order to improve efficient delivery and to realize cost savings. Information systems do this by storing and retrieving information more quickly and effectively, resulting in faster response times and greater accuracy simultaneously.

Fast forward to today and we can see the many different ways in which this efficiency is being applied in society. For example Kauffman, eber and u (2012) note that information systems can be a component of competitive strategy. The ability to gather, store and process information can be a competitive weapon if a company can do it better than its competitors. The concept of big data reflects the power of information systems to handle vast amounts of information and from that develop competitive advantage when your capabilities are greater than competitors…

Works Cited

Alaghehband, F., Rivard, S., Wu, S. & Goyette, S. (2011). An assessment of the use of transaction cost theory in information technology outsourcing. Journal of Strategic Information Systems. Vol. 20 (2011) 125-138.

Filip, F. (2007). Management information systems, review. International Journal of Computers, Communications and Control. Vol. 11(1) 103-105.

Ghoshal, S. & Moran, P. (1996). Bad for practice: A critique of the transaction cost theory. Academy of Management Review. Vol. 21 (1) 13-47.

Kauffman, R., Weber, T. & Wu, D. (2012). Information and competitive strategy in a networked economy. Journal of Management Information Systems. Vol. 29 (2)

railroad industrialized America, a Track That Unified a Nation

How the railroad industrialized America

In the nineteenth century, the railroad system of the United States of America came to life. The systems' sole purpose was to transport people and goods across the country. Railroad system in the country began on the East and moved westwards. The move to the west resulted in development of towns, which further made the system branch to meet other regions in the state. These resulted in a web like rail system over the country. These had an impact on the life, culture and the way of life for the people of America. The railroad system in America in the nineteenth century interconnected various societies. The railroad systems at that time decreased work time since people were able to travel easier. People were able to travel great distances with the invention of the railroad system.

In…

Bibliography

William Thomas, 2011 . "Railroads and the Making of Modern America." Railroads.unl.edu.

John F. Stover, 1997. "American railroads.," Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press

Albro Martin., 1992. "Railroads triumphant: the growth, rejection, and rebirth of a vital American force." New York: Oxford University Press.

H. Roger Grant and Charles W. Bohi., 1978. "The Country Railroad Station in America."

Internetworking can basically be defined as the connection of a computer network with other networks through using gateways with common ways of steering information packs between the networks. This practice and process contributes to the development of a system of interconnected networks, which is commonly known as an internetwork or internet. The Internet is the most common example of internetworking since it is a system of networks founded on several essential hardware technologies but linked through an internetworking protocol. In the past few years, the use of data networks has become an integral part of today's life to an extent that companies are increasingly producing internetworking products or equipments. Large computer networks are produced by companies like Nortel, Cisco, Sycamore, and Juniper as technology continues to evolve. The major function of internetworking equipments is to transmit data across a network by operating at open systems interconnection layers above physical layers.…

References:

Achtmeyer, W.F. (n.d.). Technology Note: Internetworking Products. Retrieved from Tuck

School of Business at Dartmouth website:  http://digitalstrategies.tuck.dartmouth.edu/cds-uploads/case-studies/pdf/1-0005.pdf 

"Connectivity and Internetworking Devices." (n.d.). Unit 1: Internetworking Overview.

Retrieved from Plano Independent School District website: http://k-12.pisd.edu/currinst/network/if1_2st.pdf

Infrastructure Vulnerability and Protection

The efficient operation of any city in the world depends on the level of the infrastructure that is available, indeed even the far removed areas from the city can only be categorized as accessible and habitable with the introduction of the necessary infrastructure. Infrastructure has been the yardstick for measuring the level of civilization in any part of the world, with regions that lack basic infrastructure like roads, electricity, communication, means of transport among others being categorized as uncivilized or yet to be civilized. The economic categorization also hinges its definition on the amount and quality of infrastructure that a region or a country has, with those with most sophisticated infrastructure considered to be developed and those with the least considered as developing or underdeveloped regions/nations (O'Conor T., 2014).

Apparently, the infrastructures, in most cases are interconnected for them to function significantly well. The infrastructure in…

References

Manuel Suter, (2007). A Generic National Framework For Critical Information Infrastructure Protection (CIIP). Retrieved April 18, 2015 from  http://www.itu.int/ITU-D/cyb/cybersecurity/docs/generic-national-framework-for-ciip.pdf 

O'Conor T., (2014). The Safety and Security of Critical Infrastructure. Retrieved April 18, 2015 from  http://drtomoconnor.com/3430/3430lect01a.htm

Ceremonies and Celebrations

The Coast Salish people are people from Nations and Tribes whose traditional roots are found along the west coast of British Columbia and ashington State. Actually, the Coast Salish region expands from the northern Vancouver Island and Lower Mainland regions to western part of the ashington State. Most of the Coast Salish First Nations Groups are found in British Columbia and ashington State ("Coast Salish Fast Facts," p.1). The Coast Salish people seemingly have some similarities with other cultures in the Pacific Northwest Coast. An analysis of their traditions and customs and ceremonies and celebrations demonstrates that they are different from the other cultures, which make them distinct people. The process of proving this thesis will entail examining a brief history of Coast Salish people and thorough evaluation of their traditions and customs as well as ceremonies and celebrations.

The Coast Salish People of British Columbia

As…

Works Cited

"COAST SALISH FAST FACTS." S'abadeb -- The Gifts: Pacific Coast Salish Art and Artists. Royal BC Museum, 17 Nov. 2009. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. .

"Coast Salish." First Nations - Land Rights and Environmentalism in British Columbia. First Nations, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. .

"Coast Salish Peoples." The Seattle Times. Newspapers in Education and Hibulb Cultural Center, n.d. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. .

"Coast Salish Spinning and Weaving." Coast Salish Wool Dog Poster. Coast Salish Fashion, 2007. Web. 12 Nov. 2014. .

For one thing, while the deregulation of panish retail markets has driven interest among the nation's utilities to differentiate themselves and so win overall share, Iberdrola is already competing quite effectively on its renewable power proposition -- it is likely that most paniards who want to go green have already done so. hould Endesa require additional renewable capacity to meet demand, it also has the relatively captive resources of its recently announced corporate affiliate Enel Green Power to fall back on, allowing it to keep any value-added green power buying "in the family."

If cottish & outhern Energy finds it necessary to enter the fast-growing panish market, it may be easier to simply buy a small local utility and compete on the ground. This would give the company direct access to the wind-friendly panish subsidy regime; so far tightening budgets have not led Madrid to take a less active role…

Sources

Crouch, M. (2010). Electricity interconnector policy (PDF document). Retrieved from  http://www.ofgem.gov.uk/Europe/Documents1/Interconnector%20policy%20consultation.pdf .

Enzili, M.M. (2008). Country study Morocco (PDF document). Retrieved from http://gtz.de/de/dokumente/cder2008-en-country-case-study-morocco.pdf.

European Network of Transmission System Operators for Electricity (ENTSO-E) (2009). Statistical yearbook 2008: Regional group Continental Europe (PDF document). Retrieved from  http://www.entsoe.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/_library/publications/ce/Statistical_Yearbook_2008.pdf .

European Union (2001). UK-French electricity interconnector opens up, increasing scope for competition (Web page). Retrieved from  http://europa.eu/rapid/pressReleasesAction.do?reference=IP/01/341&format=HTML&aged=1&language=EN&guiLanguage=en .

Apparently this view has much in its favor.

When we compare modern English with some of those Indian languages which are most concrete in their formative expression, the contrast is striking. When we say "The eye is the organ of sight, the Indian may not be able to form the expression the eye, but may have to define that the eye of a person or of an animal is meant. Neither may the Indian be able to generalize readily the abstract idea of an eye as the representative of the whole class of objects... (p. 64).

It does not seem to occur to Boas anywhere in the Handbook that such a way of talking about the world might not arise because the mind of the American Indians that he is writing about is "primitive" but rather because he or she is seeing the world in a very different way.

Boas…

References

Boas, F. (1911). The handbook of American Indian languages. Washington DC: Smithsonian Institute.

Chomsky, N. (1965). Aspects of the theory of syntax. Boston: MIT Press.

Lewis, H. (2001). Boas, Darwin, Science and Anthropology. Current Anthropology 42(3): 381-406

Whorf, B.L. (1941). The relation of habitual thought and behavior to language in Language, culture, and personality, essays in memory of Edward Sapir. (L. Spier, ed.) Menasha, Wis.: Sapir Memorial Publication Fund.

I longed for a mother with a scarf on her head and a skin so dark that I never would have to be afraid at night again that the sun would ever burn me" (350). It is this sense of personal shame of having a white mother, caused by the teasing of her peers, that perhaps drives the daughter's longing to travel to Surinam someday to meet her extended family and learn of her black father's roots. "… I began to think about everything, about who my parents were, about my mother, about where my father is from, about what I am, about who were are together" (349).

Her parents are reluctant to allow their daughter to go, but finally give in when it is the summer of the grandmother's eightieth birthday. The father and daughter make the long trip to Surinam. "I knew that we were flying away from…

Works Cited

Danticat, Edwidge. "Nineteen Thirty-Seven." The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories, Ed. Stewart Brown and John Wickham. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 447-456. Print.

Hunter, Andrea G. And Robert J. Taylor. "Grandparenthood in African-American Families." Handbook on Grandparenthood, Ed. Maximilane Szinovacz.. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press, 1998. 70-86. Print.

Marshall, Paule. "To Da-duh, in Memoriam." The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories, Ed. Stewart Brown and John Wickham. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 159-168. Print.

Roemer, Astrid. "The Inheritance of my Father: A Story for Listening." The Oxford Book of Caribbean Short Stories, Ed. Stewart Brown and John Wickham. New York: Oxford University Press, 1999. 348-361. Print.

If Nigerian local content law is not complied with equires licensee to submit a detailed programme for recruitment and training of Nigerians

(Nigerian Local Content Policy)

2.3. History of the LCL

The Local Content Law was signed into law in April 2010 by acting President Goodluck Jonathan. In brief, the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Local Content Development Bill 2010 places "…obligations on upstream oil companies in the areas of finance, community and local workforce" (Examining Nigeria's Local Content Act). The process that led to this Bill began in 2007. The initiator of the Bill, Senator Lee Maeba, provides some interesting insight into the originating impetus that led to the final acceptance of the Act. He states,

I saw that there is no law guiding the activities of Nigerian companies in the oil and gas industry and because of that, there has been a capital drift...and that is the reason…

References

Adefulu a. Nigeria: National Treatment & Nigeria's New Local Content Legislation.

Retrieved from  http://www.mondaq.com/article.asp?articleid=102400 

Adefulu O. ( 2010) Does the Nigerian Oil and Gas Industry Content Development Act

Conflict with the Country's International Treaty Obligations? Retrieved from http://odujinrinadefulu.com/documents/Does%20Nigeria%27s%20local%20content%20legislation%20breach%20its%20international%20obligations.pdf

In general, the intelligence community operates as a community of shared practice, where all of the members of the network share common functions and areas of expertise, and where the effective pooling of resources could yield to more effective as well as more efficient results (Goldsmith & Kettl 2009). Determining the most effective governance structure for the intelligence community necessitates taking this community structure into account (Goldsmith & Kettl 2009). Other considerations that influence effective network governance include the specific functions and desired outputs of this network and the level of trust that exists between the various network nodes, the size of the network, the clarity and consensus of the goals that the network is working towards, and the nature of the tasks necessary to reach these stated goals (Provan & Kenis 2007).

Ultimately, the only change that can be brought to a network is through the actual relationships within…

References

Goldsmith, Stephen, and Donald Kettl. Unlocking the Power of Networks: Keys to High-Performance Government. Washington, D.C.: Brookings Institution Press, 2009.

Provan, Keith & Patrick Kenis. Modes of Network Governance: Structure, Management,

and Effectiveness.

The economic pragmatism that the Marshall Plan demonstrates for the United States is not necessarily as clearly observable form a basic look at history as is the containment of communism. The decades following World War II and the implementation of the Marshall Plan were definitely economically successful fro Europe and for the United States, but how this relates directly to the Marshall Plan and not simply to the end of the war can be difficult to discern. Looking at how the economic growth and development that occurred following the Marshall Plan actually came to be makes its effects and intentions quite clear, however.

American industry had grown hugely during the war, as factories and raw materials in the United States supplied much of what was needed to engage in warfare for the Allied forces, including everything from artillery to textiles (WiseGeek 2010; InfoPlease 2010). Following the war, it was still…

References

InfoPlease. (2010). Marshall Plan. Accessed 3 December 2010.  http://www.infoplease.com/ce6/history/A0831964.html 

LOC. (2010). Marshall announces his plan. Library of Congress. Accessed 3 December 2010.  http://www.loc.gov/exhibits/marshall/mars1.html 

NARA. (2010). The Marshall Plan. National Archives and Records Adminsitration. Accessed 3 December 2010.  http://www.archives.gov/exhibits/featured_documents/marshall_plan/ 

Spartacus. (2010). Marshall Plan. Accessed 3 December 2010. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAmarshallP.htm

3. Curriculum or Method of the Study

The research methodology that was applied in this study was essentially an inclusive, extensive and comparative overview of the literature on the subject. Various sources were consulted, which included books and scholarly articles on the column in architectural history. Also included in the literature survey was information and data from online databases and verified websites.

The information gleaned about columns and their historical context was extrapolated and then entered into a free-from database for further analysis. This resulted in an overall survey of the progression and evolution of various forms and types of columns, from the Egyptian column to the present day. A comparative method of analysis was employed in order to ascertain the commonalities as well as the differences between the various types and forms of this architectural structure.

What should also be mentioned is that the focus of the research, and…

References

Ancient Roman Architecture. Retrieved from  http://www.crystalinks.com/romearchitecture.html 

Architecture of ancient Greece. Retrieved from  http://upge.wn.com/?t=ancientgreece/index12.txt 

Barry C. What Are the Types of Architectural Columns? Retrieved from http://www.ehow.com/about_5453707_types-architectural-columns.html

Column: New World Encyclopaedia. Retrieved from  http://www.newworldencyclopedia.org/entry/Column

The article that was written by Conley (2011) discusses the impact that collateralized debt obligations (CDO's) would have upon the subprime loans. These were created in 1987, by the Wall Street firm Drexel urnham. In this product, the investment bankers would take a number of different articles and combine them together as one investment. The various assets that were used included: junk bonds, mortgages and other high yielding investments from the debt. The idea with these different products is that the investment bank could offer customers a stated return on their investment. The way it worked is the brokerage firm would distribute each investor, the stated amount of returns that they would make off of the tranche (the CDO investment). This was derived using a complex mathematical formula that would divide the total amount of interest that was received, from the various high yielding products that were inside the CDO.…

Bibliography

Case Study, 2011, Investopedia. Available from: [14 February 2011]

Citi Merger a Mistake, 2008, Huffington Post. Available from: [14 February 2011].

Deregulation Redux, 2011, FCIC. Available from: {14 February 2011].

Derivatives, 2011, Financial Dictionary. Available from: [12 February 2011].

d. The Tempe Police Department website aside from featuring maps, also provides a host of other valuable information particularly essential in terms of its objective of community policing. Aside from ongoing reports about crimes and other relevant community-police associated news, the unit also distributes its annual citizen survey findings over the Web, as well as custom reports that are shared by other community agencies and city government units.

e. Criminal and Non-criminal Justice Databases -- the Tempe Police Department has access to a variety of citywide criminal and non-criminal justice databases, the latter including census information, commercial permits and licenses, traffic engineering, and housing data.

How Information Technology Assists the Tempe PD in Community Policing

a. As regards the community itself

Attempting to maintain strong connections with the community, the Tempe PD finds the it network to be invaluable in fostering these connections. The Web site, for instance, is significant…

Source

Abt Associates (1999) Case Study: Tempe, Arizona. Police Department Information Systems Technology Enhancement Project. Report to USDoJ. Available at https://www.abtassociates.com/reports/ISTEP_C2.pdf retrieved December 7, 2010

Summary

This leads one to believe that they are not very well off financially and the mother has not real education in order to obtain employment since she is currently attaining administrative assistant training. Antonio also has issues with controlling his behavior when in the daycare environment, as he frequently has violent outbursts and crying spells.

If one were to assess Antonio from an Eco-Feminist perspective one would be better able to understand Antonio and his present behavior. Ecofeminism is the social movement that regards the domination of women and nature as unified. It is one of the few movements and analyses that in fact connect the two movements. Lately, ecofeminist theorists have extended their analyses to reflect on the interconnections flanked by sexism, the domination of nature, and also racism and social dissimilarities (What is Ecofeminism, n.d.). Daniel spent a lot of time suppressing Hilda in his behavior that he…

References

"Neil Adger on Social Resilience." (2010). Retrieved December 2, 2010, from Ecological

Sociology Web site:  http://ecologicalsociology.blogspot.com/2010/05/neil-adger-on-social-resilience.html 

Kendall, Diana. (2008). Sociology in our Times. Belmont: Thompson Wadsworth.

Mannelli, Sandra. (n.d.). What Are Defense Mechanisms Anyway? Retrieved December 3, 2010,

These experts or chartered surveyors use the following five main methods for capital valuation & #8230;

The Investment Method:

This is the first and most common method of capital valuation that is applied in commercial property valuation. The method incorporates translating a property's income flow or rent into a suitable capital sum. In this case, the capital value of the commercial property is directly linked to its producing power of income. Therefore, Value = ent * Years Purchase with the year purchase being the multiplier that translates rental income to capital sum.

For example, if rent is $200,000 and Years Purchase is 10, therefore

Value = ent * YP (200,000*10) = 2,000,000.

The Comparison Method:

Being a method that applies to capital values, the comparison method that is also known as the comparative method of valuation is primarily used for residential property. The method is used for properties that are…

References:

"An Introduction to the Valuation of Property." (n.d.). Best-Investment-Property-Tips.com.

Retrieved November 9, 2010, from http://www.best-investment-property-tips.com/valuation-of-property.html

Kim, K.S. & Nelson, W.A. (1996). Assessing the Rental Value of Residential Properties: An

Abductive Learning Networks Approach. The Journal of Real Estate Research, 12(1), 63-77. Retrieved from  http://www.gmdh.net/articles/applic/aln.pdf

This can be traced to the conservative view that lacks have in fact no real history in comparison to the richness and significance of European history. "As astonishing as it seems most of the prestigious academics and universities in Europe and America have ridiculed the idea that blacks have any substantive history."

This derogatory view has its roots as well in the colonial attitude that tended to see all lack people as inferior in status and 'ignorant' in order to justify the intrusion and invasion of their lands and territories.

In other words, the justification for conquest and what was in reality the theft of African land and wealth was provided to a great extent by the ' rewriting' of iblical texts. lacks were cast as 'heathen' people who had not achieved the enlightenment that the white group had attained through the ible and Christianity and therefore lacks were seen…

Bibliography

"African Heritage: The Original African Heritage Study Bible,"  http://kenanderson.net/bible/html/african_heritage.html  (accessed September 20, 2010).

BibleGateway, Genesis 2:10- 14,

 http://www.biblegateway.com/passage/?search=Genesis+2%3A10-14&version=NIV  (accessed September 20, 2010).

"BLACK HEBREW ISRAELITES,"  http://www.angelfire.com/sd/occultic/hebrew.html , (accessed September 20, 2010).

Treadway

Analyze the Harvard case the Treadway Tire Company: Job Dissatisfaction and High Turnover at the Lima Tire Plant 2189

Analysis of Treadway Tire

Analysis of the Harvard case the Treadway Tire Company: Job Dissatisfaction and High Turnover at the Lima Tire Plant 2189

An analysis of the dilemma facing the Treadway Tire Company, particularly at its Lima plant in Ohio, is one that reveals many aspects and problematics of contemporary human resource management. This case is in essence a model for many of the themes and issues facing modern management and leadership in large-scale industry.

The Treadway Tire's plant in Lima has been confronted with high levels of job dissatisfaction, which is accompanied by high turnover rates, particularly among there line foremen at the company. This is partly due to the position of the foremen as they are uncomfortably situated between management and the unions. However, central to the…

References

Bandura, A. (1993) Perceived Self-Efficacy in Cognitive Development and Functioning. Educational Psychologist, 28( 2).

Greenberg, J. (Ed.). (2003). Organizational Behavior: The State of the Science (2nd ed.). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Retrieved from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=110700896 

Jackson S. And Schuler R. (1990) Human Resource Planning Challenges for Industrial/Organizational Psychologists. American Psychologist, 45( 2) pp. 223-239

Kalliath, T, and Beck A, (2001) Alexandra Is the path to burnout and turnover paved by a lack of supervisory support? A structural equations test. New Zealand Journal of Psychology, December 01, 2001. Retrieved from  http://www.accessmylibrary.com/article-1G1-83447488/path-burnout-and-turnover.html

As mentioned above, advertising is an excellent way to create revenue, and sites like myspace and Facebook have made great use of this revenue source. Many of the sites on the Internet, in fact -- perhaps even the majority, though this claim cannot be made with any certainty here -- rely solely on advertising revenue for their operation. Many sites and Internet services that have a tiered membership system like those mentioned in the article, with basic membership or services offered for free and more complete and/or extensive benefits offered for a fee, are often supplemented by advertising as well (with the lack of advertising offered as one of the perks for paying for membership). The email/search engine site Yahoo! Is a non-social networking site example of this type of tiered-membership/advertising supplemented system, with free Yahoo! Mail available but with the option to purchase upgraded email options from the company…

At the same time, this strategy undermined the ability of workers to gain collective power.

All these factors resulted in increased insecurity in terms of the job market and in terms of the relationship between employers and employees. Auer (2005: 6) addresses Kalleberg's point in this regard with an assertion that the common assumption is that the twin factors of globalization and technological advance would fundamentally change the employment relationship and its expectation of longevity.

Auer's view is somewhat less gloomy than that of Kalleberg in terms of the possibility of flexible, non-standard jobs not only supplementing the more standard, full-time variety, but also becoming standard themselves. In addition to providing greater employee satisfaction, standard, long-term jobs also influence the desire of employees to begin families, which in turn has a significant impact upon the economy. Individuals with greater certainty regarding the future of their income tend to be better…

References

Auer, P. (2005). Protected Mobility for Employment and Decent Work: Labour market security in a globalised world. International Labour Office. Retrieved from  http://ilo-mirror.library.cornell.edu/public/english/employment/strat/download/esp2005-1.pdf 

Dickens, L. (2003). Changing Contours of the Employment Relationship and New Modes of Labour Regulation. Retrieved from http://www.oit.org/public/english/iira/pdf/congresses/world_13/track_2_dickens.pdf

Frenkel, S. And Kuruvilla, S. (2002). Logics of Action, Globalization, and Employment Relations Change in China, India, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Retrieved from  http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cbpubs 

Kalleberg, A.L. (2009, Feb). Precarious Work, Insecure Workers: Employment Relations in Transition. American Sociological Review. Vo. 74. Retrieved from  http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/kalleberg.pdf

The novel opens seven years after Gabo's mother, Ximena, was murdered by coyotes -- or paid traffickers -- during an attempt to cross the border. Her mutilated body was found, her organs gone -- sold most likely. Because of the fear surrounding this border town and the lure of the other side, all of the characters become consumed with finding afa. These people are neglected and abused. Like other fiction works on this topic (such as Cisneros's The House on Mango Street), The Guardians (2008) is rich in symbolism and flavored with Mexican aphorisms. The novel also shows the reader how complex and perilous border life is when you're living in between the United States and Mexico.

The book is important when attempting to understand the challenge of the border town life and it is, at the same time, a testament to faith, family bonds, cultural pride, and the human…

Reference:

Giroux, Henry A. (2001). Theory and resistance in education (Critical studies in education and culture series). Praeger; Rev Exp edition.

San Juan (2002) states that the racism of sex in the U.S. is another element of the unequal political and economic relations that exist between the races in the American democracy. Women of color may even be conceived as constituting "a different kind of racial formation" (2002), although the violence inflicted against them as well as with familial servitude and social inferiority, testifies more sharply to the sedimented structures of class and national oppression embedded in both state and civil society (2002).

San Juan (2002) goes on to explore the articulations between sexuality and nationalism. "What demands scrutiny is more precisely how the categories of patriarchy and ethnonationalism contour the parameters of discourse about citizen identities" (2002). How the idea of nation is sexualized and how sex is nationalized, according to San Juan (2002), are topics that may give clues as to how racial conflicts are circumscribed within the force field of national self-identification.

Sexuality, San Juan (2002) suggests, unlike racial judgment is not a pure self-evident category. He states that it manifests its semantic and ethical potency in the field of racial and gendered politics. In the layering and sedimentation of beliefs about sexual liberty and national belonging in the United States, one will see ambiguities and disjunctions analogous to those between sexuality and freedom as well as the persistence of racist ideology.

City dwellers must be free to join any number of groups to promote their interpersonal connections within the city. Such a sense of connection would create a sense of community and hence equality among everyone connecting with each other.

In terms of policing, online policies and practices must be in place to ensure that rules are enforced for the purpose of optimizing the online experience for everyone. Antisocial practices such as uploading viruses, sending spam, and the like must not be tolerated and must be prosecuted.

In Philips (2010, p. 179), Louis Wirth's definition of a city is quoted as "a relatively large, dense, and permanent settlement of socially heterogeneous individuals." Wirth goes on to say that increasing the interpersonal interactions among these heterogeneous individuals significantly reduces the severity of class division. Furthermore, the interdependence of city dwellers tends to bring them into contact with a wide range of individuals…

References

Phillips, E.B. (2010). City Lights: Urban-Suburban Life in the Global Society. New York: Oxford University Press.

One also has to question the 'rationality 'of these criteria in the light of the severity of the possible repercussions and diplomatic fallout.

The most acceptable criterion which could justify the use of force in intervention is when the freedom of the state of the safety of its citizens comes under real and tangible threat. However, what is much more questionable are other criteria which are vague and possibly ethically suspect. For example, the view of theorists like Clausewitz that forceful intervention is a tool used by the states to achieve certain political objectives:"….war was merely one means states might employ to achieve objectives set by political authorities" ( Viotti and Kauppi, 2009, chapter 7).

The above perspective, in my point-of-view, is unacceptable as a true criterion for the intervention by force. The reason for the rejection of this criterion is not only on ethical grounds but also refers to…

References

Brown, B.S. (2000). Humanitarian Intervention at a Crossroads. William and Mary Law Review, 41(5), 1683. Retrieved June 23, 2010, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=5001761450 

Hillen H. (1996) American Military Intervention: A User's Guide. Retrieved from  http://www.heritage.org/Research/Reports/1996/05/BG1079nbsp-American-Military-Intervention-a-Users-Guide 

Johnson J. Which Criteria Should the President Use to Decide on Armed Intervention?

Retrieved from  http://gotmine9.blogspot.com/2008/05/which-criteria-should-president-use-to.html

Towns, Alike in Dignity

Modern theatrical literature has become increasingly concerned with the goings-on in small towns and often largely un-notable communities. The epic plots and larger-than-life characters that occupied plays in Shakespeare's day and in much subsequent drama took place either in large metropolises, both real and imagined, or else in wildernesses of untamed forest or uninhabited isles. The small towns and hamlets that most people occupied were largely ignored, and the fanciful and more important-seeming tales of the rich and powerful and the cities that they occupied held the stage. Interestingly, as industrialization has increased urbanization so that now most people live in or near major cities, drama has begun to focus on the smaller towns that are being left behind. Perhaps this can be understood as a reaction to the loss itself, in some instances, and in others it has more to do with the continuation of…

143).

Moreover, the global neglect of women (in terms of science) is reflected in the fact that women have been excluded as experimental subjects in drug research, Rosser continues. Certainly pregnant women have been excluded from experiments with pesticides and radioactive materials, but beyond that Rosser explains that "…these drugs and materials are then used without ever having been tested on women" (1991, p. 143). And yet notwithstanding their exclusion from testing, women's research has led to a vast resource of knowledge vis-a-vis the natural environment.

To wit, Rachel Carson correctly extrapolated the deadly effects on the environment due to agricultural pesticides (DDT in particular), and in fact changed the way the government approached pesticides (1991, p. 144). Indeed, Carson's books ("Silent Spring," "Under the Sea-Wind," and others) had an enormous impact on the nation's grasp of environmental dangers and led eventually to the creation of the Environmental Protection Agency…

Bibliography

Alldred, Pam, and Dennison, Sarah, 2000, 'Eco-Activism and Feminism: Do Eco-Warriors and Goddesses Need it?', Feminist Review, No. 63, 124-127.

Biehl, Janet, 1991, Rethinking Ecofeminist Politics, South End Press, Cambridge MA.

Eaton, Heather, 2005, Introducing Ecofeminist Theologies, Continuum International Publishing Group, New York.

Kheel, Marti, 1993, 'From Heroic to Holistic Ethics: The Ecofeminist Challenge', in Ecofeminism: Women, Animals, Nature, G. Gaard Ed., Temple University Press: New York.

Massive amounts of daily emails from various sources would arrive, often reiterating the same information or even forwarding the exact same memo. This is actually an instance of the slowdown of communication and operations due to the advances in communication technology that now exist; the ease of communication has led many organizations to over-communicate to the point of redundancy and extreme inefficiency. The emphasis in research literature on communication technology is also partially to blame for this perspective (Preston et al. 2009). This is still a problem at my current organization, though to a far lesser degree, and there is a company awareness of the problem.

The message types that result from this trend were largely ineffective, impersonal, unguided, and unreasoned. They did not really take into account who the recipients were, nor whether or not it was necessary for them to receive the communication, or if they had in…

References

Beurer-Zelig, B.; Fieseler, C. & Meckel, M. "A descriptive inquiry into the corporate communication profession in Europe." Public relations review 35(3), pp. 270-9.

Preston, P.' Kerr, A. & Cawley, A. (2009). "Innovation and knowledge in the digital media sector." Information, communication, & society 12(7), pp. 994-1014.