International Expansion Essays (Examples)

" (Veeramani, 2004)

Stated as contributors to the export success of China are those as follows:

1) Favorable exchange rate;

2) Low wages;

3) Availability of labor;

4) Large domestic market;

5) Huge volume FDI inflows etc. (Veeramani, 2004)

India is not far behind except the gap existing in the FDI volume into China and India, which remains a large gap. The FDI for India has been of much less importance as compared to China except in view of information technology. Sinha (2007) states: "In short, while the multinationals mostly engage in the export activities with China, they target the domestic markets in India." (Sinha, 2007) the following chart shows that China is 'above average' in goods while India is 'above average' in services.

Source: India and China's Developmental Paths (2008)

The differentiations of multinational behavior likely include "the relatively high trade barriers in India (which encourages market seeking FDI)…

Bibliography

Wong, Lung-Fai (1987) Agricultural Productivity in China and India: A Comparative Analysis Presented at the Symposium on Feeding the People of China and India, American Association for the Advancement of Science Annual Meeting, Chicago, Illinois, February 15, 1987. Online available at  http://ageconsearch.umn.edu/bitstream/7510/1/edc87-03.pdf 

Das, Dilip K. (2006) the Chinese and Indian Economies: Comparing the Comparables Journal of Chinese Economic and Business Studies, Volume 4, Issue 1 February 2006, pages 77-89 Routledge Taylor & Francis Group Abstract Online available at  http://www.informaworld.com/smpp/content~db=all~content=a743880372?back=%2e%2frelated%7edb%3dall%7econtent%3da713684741%7efirst%3d1%7evaa%3d0%3fbookmark%3d1&words=&hash= 

Emerging Markets outlook for 2007 - India, China, Russia, Eastern Europe and Brazil (2007) the Market Oracle. Online available at  http://www.marketoracle.co.uk/Article185.html 

Balasubramanyam, V.N., and Wei, Yingqi (2005) Textiles and clothing exports from India and china: a comparative analysis Taylor and Francis Journals in its journal

, 2003).

Notwithstanding these similarities in the marketing function, there are some important differences that must also be considered. For example, even enormous countries in geographic and population terms that have relatively homogeneous populations may require more straightforward domestic marketing techniques and small city-states will require more elaborate international marketing techniques. For example, as ao (2000) points out, "Given its strong tourism base and an open economy, Singapore has modern international retailing and other marketing institutions, making this country a truly global or international city, while India represents primarily a traditional, domestic marketing environment with considerable isolation from international markets" (p. 188).

According to Hills (1994), the ecological model shown in Figure 1 below indicates that there is no single, successful ongoing or steady-state strategy for small companies involved in international marketing initiatives. This author emphasizes that, "Standardization vs. local differentiation is the single most important issue in ongoing international…

References

Alon, Ilan. (2004). "International Market Selection for a Small Enterprise: A Case Study in International Entrepreneurship." SAM Advanced Management Journal, 69(1), 25.

Andersen, Otto. (1993). "On the Internationalization Process of Firms: A Critical Analysis." Journal of International Business Studies, 24(2), 209.

Andrews, Tim G., Nartnalin Chompusri and Bryan J. Baldwin Obe. (2003). The Changing Face of Multinationals in Southeast Asia. New York: Routledge.

Beckman, Theodore N. And William R. Davidson. (1967). Marketing. New York: Ronald Press Co.

At the same time, this strategy undermined the ability of workers to gain collective power.

All these factors resulted in increased insecurity in terms of the job market and in terms of the relationship between employers and employees. Auer (2005: 6) addresses Kalleberg's point in this regard with an assertion that the common assumption is that the twin factors of globalization and technological advance would fundamentally change the employment relationship and its expectation of longevity.

Auer's view is somewhat less gloomy than that of Kalleberg in terms of the possibility of flexible, non-standard jobs not only supplementing the more standard, full-time variety, but also becoming standard themselves. In addition to providing greater employee satisfaction, standard, long-term jobs also influence the desire of employees to begin families, which in turn has a significant impact upon the economy. Individuals with greater certainty regarding the future of their income tend to be better…

References

Auer, P. (2005). Protected Mobility for Employment and Decent Work: Labour market security in a globalised world. International Labour Office. Retrieved from  http://ilo-mirror.library.cornell.edu/public/english/employment/strat/download/esp2005-1.pdf 

Dickens, L. (2003). Changing Contours of the Employment Relationship and New Modes of Labour Regulation. Retrieved from http://www.oit.org/public/english/iira/pdf/congresses/world_13/track_2_dickens.pdf

Frenkel, S. And Kuruvilla, S. (2002). Logics of Action, Globalization, and Employment Relations Change in China, India, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Industrial and Labor Relations Review, Retrieved from  http://digitalcommons.ilr.cornell.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1003&context=cbpubs 

Kalleberg, A.L. (2009, Feb). Precarious Work, Insecure Workers: Employment Relations in Transition. American Sociological Review. Vo. 74. Retrieved from  http://www.soc.washington.edu/users/brines/kalleberg.pdf

However, the expatriate has the net advantage of significantly superior product knowledge and control, even if the costs of maintaining him are also higher. Foremost, the expatriate must be able to travel from the host country to the home country in order to conduct face-to-face meetings with his superiors and inform them of the progresses made. Traveling however consumes time and energy and the employee could become tired and unfocused. The need for a strong mind with high motivation and concentration skills becomes as such obvious (Honeycutt, Ford and Simintiras). Also, there is a strong need for the individual to be extremely well adjusted and capable to integrate within the new community. This is most important when "historically, multinational firms have been plagued by the problem of premature return of expatriate managers due to their inability to adapt to the culture of the host country" (Katz and Seifer, 1996). A…

References

Befus, D.R., Mescon, T.S., Mescon, D.L., Vozikis, G.S., 1988, International Investment of Expatriate Entrepreneurs: The Case of Honduras, Journal of Small Business Management, Vol. 26

Hess, M.B., Linderman, P., 2002, Expert Expatriate: Your Guide to Successful Relocation Abroad: Moving, Living, Thriving, Intercultural Press

Hsieh, T.Y., Lavoie, J., Samek, R.A.P., 1999, Are You Taking Your Expatriate Talent Seriously? The McKinsey Quarterly

Honeycutt, E.D., Ford, J.B., Simintiras, a., 2003, Sales Management - a Global Perspective, Routledge

This has weakened their global position over the long-term. The reason why, is because they were focused on select demographics of the population instead of which regions can provide the largest amounts of growth. However, the major marketing initiatives in the Western hemisphere have helped the firm to show future potential. This had caused the company to be sold from one organization to next, who think that they will be able to make it successful. ("Country and Evaluation")

Evaluate urger King's strategy of using razilian experience to guide its entry into Russia.

The strategy that urger King is using in razil allowed them to take into account factors that could increase the possible risks they are facing in a location. These include: developing infrastructure, establishing a good management team, focusing on major cities, establishing local offices and supporting continuous development. These elements are important, because they are providing the company…

Bibliography

"Country and Evaluation," n.d.

Cooper, Chris. "Japan Offers California Loan." Bloomberg, 2009. Web. 20 Nov. 2011

Naylor, Brian. "Stimulus Puts High Speed Rail on Track." NPR, 2009. Web. 20 Nov. 2011

international business expansion process.

International recruitment and selection brings a number of challenges for business organizations. They not only face difficulties in hiring the desired skillful staff from the host country, but may also have to deal with severe financial and cultural diversity issues. Through this research study, an effort has been made to highlight the major challenges and issues which make the international recruitment and selection process more complex and challenging for multinational organization.

The research report starts with an ample introduction to the esearch question and proceeds by highlighting the core objectives of the research study. The research question clearly states the major objective of this research study in a quite precise and succinct manner. The most important section of the research report is Literature review which has been written after a comprehensive research from a number of academic and industry journal articles and books; most of which…

REFERENCES

Ashamalla, M.H. 1998, International Human Resource Management Practices: the Challenge of Expatriation. CR, 8 (2): 54-63.

Andeason, A.W. 2003, Expatriate Adjustment to Foreign Assignments. The International 6 tyJournal of Commerce and Management, 13 (1): 42-60.

Andersen, T.M., & Svarer, M. 2006, Flexicurity -- the Danish Labor Market Model. Available from [Accessed July 26th, 2012]

Baudler, C.R. 2011, Employee Engagement: Through Effective Performance Management by Edward M. Mone and Manuel London, Personnel Psychology, 64 (3): 813 -- 816.

Alibaba Group operates what it bills as the world's largest online marketplace, based on two main businesses, the B2B site Alibaba and the B2C site Taobao. The company's service is an interface that connects buyers and sellers. It arose out of a need to connect buyers and sellers within China, but the rapid growth of China as a global goods supplier facilitated the growth of Alibaba. Companies anywhere in the world could use the site to get bids from multiple suppliers, creating an efficient marketplace. The large number of customers allowed Alibaba to expand globally, so that today it is a network of buyers and sellers that operates globally. Alibaba is now floated on the New York Stock Exchange, giving the company greater access to foreign capital and solidifying its position as an international company.

Taobao is the largest online retailer in China. While this site is focused on the…

References

Alibaba Group 2015 Annual Report. Retrieved November 30, 2015 from http://ar.alibabagroup.com/2015/index.html

International Strategies

Whole Foods Market (WFM) is a grocery store chain that has operations in the U.S., Canada and the UK. Competitor The Fresh Market (TFM) is based only in the United States at this point. While Whole Foods is substantially bigger, these two companies are close competitors of one another based on the similarity of their product lines and their target markets. This paper will analyze the strategic tactics of each of these companies, based on their respective growth strategies.

The Merger & Evaluation

By 2007, Whole Foods was becoming the dominant player in the natural foods grocery business. It sought to grow further, and decided to purchase struggling competitor Wild Oats (Fineman, 2007). At the time, Whole Foods paid $18.50 in cash for each share of Wild Oats. There was concern from the Federal Trade Commission about the deal, because it put Whole Foods in a dominant position…

References

Bartz, D. (2009). Whole Foods, FTC settle on Wild Oats merger. Reuters. Retrieved November 30, 2013 from  http://www.reuters.com/article/2009/03/06/us-wholefoods-ftc-idUSTRE5253AL20090306 

Fineman, J. (2007). Whole Foods agrees to buy Wild Oats; profit declines. Bloomberg. Retrieved November 30, 2013 from  http://www.bloomberg.com/apps/news?pid=newsarchive&sid=aZtDQutxeDsU 

MSN Moneycentral. (2013). Whole Foods. Retrieved November 30, 2013 from  http://investing.money.msn.com/investments/stock-price?symbol=WFM&ocid=qbes 

MSN Moneycentral. (2013). The Fresh Market. Retrieved November 30, 2013 from  http://investing.money.msn.com/investments/stock-price?symbol=TFM&ocid=qbes

International Trade

China - United States Trade Analysis

Chinese Economic Development

China's Growing Resource Needs

China and Globalization

Protecting Intellectual Property

orking with Government Bureaucracy

International Management Considerations

Modes of Market Entry into China

Recommendations for International Expansions

China financial integration has significantly developed over the past three decades. The total of U.S.-China trade balances grew from $5 billion in 1980 to $409 billion in 2008. Both economies were significantly affected by the global financial crisis and the 2008 balance was reduced by a little over ten percent in 2009. However, the United States is still the world biggest importer of Chinese goods and the Chinese market as represent the third largest importer of U.S. exports. The total amount of trade between these two financial powerhouses is enormous. Furthermore, the Chinese population is already staggering and it is developing economically in historical rates. Thus China also represents a key strategic…

Works Cited

Asia Water Project. "Water supply and demand gap." The Asia Water Project. December 2009. http://www.asiawaterproject.org/water-crises/why-water/water-gap / (accessed August 29, 2011).

Gallagher, P. "CHINESE TRADE GROWTH IN HISTORICAL, REGIONAL CONTEXT." Trade & Public Policy . June 14, 2005.  http://petergallagher.com.au/index.php/site/article/chinese-trade-growth-in-historical-regional-context  (accessed August 30, 2011 ).

Inocencio, R. "The 'American Age' to end in 2016?" CNN Business. April 27, 2011.  http://business.blogs.cnn.com/2011/04/27/the-american-age-ends-in-2016  / (accessed August 29, 2011).

Mankiw, G. "China's Trade and U.S. Manufacturing Jobs." Havard Economics. October 2003, 2003.  http://www.economics.harvard.edu/files/faculty/40_testi_hcwm.pdf  (accessed August 29, 2011).

International Corporation Walmart

Because of the abilities of the internet and the expansion of global interests, there are many more international corporations today than there were in the past. One of the largest and most recognized of those corporations is Walmart. It operates in nearly all developed countries in the world, and is one of the largest retailers on the planet (Fishman, 2006; Zook & Graham, 2006). While it started out small, the company has grown to enormous proportions. It has become so large that some countries and some communities have taken strong and significant steps to keep the company out. Not everyone is a fan of the company, and not all countries think Walmart is good for business. The way the company comes in and "takes over" is sometimes a problem for much smaller, "mom and pop" businesses that are not able to sell as inexpensively as Walmart. For…

References

Fishman, C. (2006). The Wal-Mart Effect: How the World's Most Powerful Company Really Works -- and How It's Transforming the American Economy. NY: Penguin.

Ingram, P., Yue, L.Q., & Rao, H. (2010). Trouble in Store: Probes, Protests, and Store Openings by Wal-Mart, 1998 -- 2007. American Journal of Sociology, 116(1): pp 53 -- 92.

Lichtenstein, N. (2009). The Retail Revolution: How Wal-Mart Created a Brave New World of Business. NY: Macmillan.

Vance, S.S. & Scott, R.V. (1997). Wal-Mart: A History of Sam Walton's Retail Phenomenon (Twayne's Evolution of Modern Business Series). NY: Twayne Publishers.

Additionally, its taxation advatantages may erode due to pressure from EU and implicitly its wages will increase as taxes increase. Competition from emerging countries, namely Eastern Europe will become stronger as Ireland allings its strong points to EU standards. Moreover, the country's inflationary problem persistance may strengthen EU pressure on the authorities to reduce it through its fiscal policy.

eference List

BBC news channel. 2004. Ireland is Named 'Best Country', published on Nov 17, http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4020523.stm.

Barry, F. And Bradley, J. 1997. FDI and Trade: The Irish Host-Country Experience. The Economic Journal, vol. 107(445): pp. 1798-1811, http://www.res.org.uk/

Berry, . 2001. U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: Making the Most of Other's People Money. Perspectives on Business and Economics, vol. 19.

Cassidy, Mark, 2002. The Irish Economy: ecent Experience and Prospects. in: Aronson, ., Munley, V., Thornton, . (Eds.). The Irish Economy in Transition: Successes, Problems and Prospects. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam: pp.…

Reference List

BBC news channel. 2004. Ireland is Named 'Best Country', published on Nov 17,  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/europe/4020523.stm .

Barry, F. And Bradley, J. 1997. FDI and Trade: The Irish Host-Country Experience. The Economic Journal, vol. 107(445): pp. 1798-1811,  http://www.res.org.uk/ 

Berry, R. 2001. U.S. Foreign Direct Investment in Ireland: Making the Most of Other's People Money. Perspectives on Business and Economics, vol. 19.

Cassidy, Mark, 2002. The Irish Economy: Recent Experience and Prospects. in: Aronson, R., Munley, V., Thornton, R. (Eds.). The Irish Economy in Transition: Successes, Problems and Prospects. Elsevier Science, Amsterdam: pp. 5-30.

International Pol. Ec.

The four different scenarios laid out by the orld Economic Forum in 2009 paint distinctly different visions of the development of global financial markets. The four scenarios are financial regionalism, re-engineered estern centralism, fragmented protectionism and rebalanced multilateralism (yman, 2009). Of these four different scenarios, there is evidence late in 2010 that would support the evolution of two of these different scenarios. These scenarios, in particular the one with the most support, will be given primary consideration in this paper. The implications for these scenarios for my chosen company, an IT firm with a local focus, will also be discussed in this paper.

The EF scenario that fits the world best as of late 2010 is the first scenario, financial regionalism. This scenario relies on post-crisis blame-shifting, something that can be seen in the global political environment at present. The United States has raised serious issues about…

Works Cited:

Chan, S. & Ewing, J. (2010). Echoing Obama, Bernanke presses China on imbalances. New York Times. Retrieved November 19, 2010 from  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/11/19/business/economy/19fed.html?_r=1&hp 

Euro Intelligence. (2010). European panic over QE2. Euro Intelligence. Retrieved November 19, 2010 from http://www.eurointelligence.com/index.php?id=581&tx_ttnews[tt_news]=2948&tx_ttnews[backPid]=743&cHash=8bec5d30ed

Garrett, G. (2010). G2 in G20: China, the United States and the World after the global financial crisis. Global Policy. Vol. 1 (1) 29-39.

IMF. (2010). Reports for select countries and subjects. IMF. Retrieved November 19, 2010 from  http://www.imf.org/external/pubs/ft/weo/2010/02/weodata/weorept.aspx ?

The main advantage of this association is that you will get to control the production process and both collaborators will have the right to question and manage everything. It will require high negotiation skills, primary high investments, but the market is full of potential. By joint venture we will have the possibility to interfere in the recruitment process, deciding who the best people for the jobs are. For India, there will also be an important gain. Not only do we stimulate intern, national production but we also give new job opportunities to citizens. Moreover, due to the fact that India has highly trained people in the technological domain, we might improve our product's characteristics or even come up with new ways of reducing the costs. Moreover, the assembling parts will be less expensive as their transportation costs will be lower.

ecommendations

When choosing a country for expansion, one has to…

References

Alibaba.com, 2007, Who is the leader in software.. china or India?, [Online] Available at  http://resources.alibaba.com/topic/23730/Who_is_the_leader_in_software_china_Or_India_.htm 

BBC News, 2007, Country Profile: India, [Online] Available at  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/south_asia/country_profiles/1154019.stm 

Directory of Official Websites of the Government of India, 2007, [Online] Available at  http://goidirectory.nic.in/ 

Farlex, 2007, the Free Dictionary, [Online] Available at  http://www.thefreedictionary.com

Management possesses a broad range of international experience. Decisions may be made at head office or at the subsidiary level, but in either case management is familiar with both outlooks.

The rationale behind the ethnocentric approach is that the home office will deliver consistent decisions that are always in line with core values and objectives. The local managers are directly and specifically oriented towards corporate-wide objectives. The polycentric approach reflects the belief that the local managers will do what is best for the local subsidiary, which in turn will be what is best for the head office. The geocentric approach believes that the best management teams will be able to fuse local and global perspectives and that the other two approaches to do not achieve this.

4. Management development programs are systems for developing managers with specific skills and traits that are consistent with the corporation's strategic objectives. Managers are…

International Ethics

"One aspect of culture is that it is difficult to define universally." (Pitta). Culture represents values and patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting in identifiable groups. It represents how people of certain civilizations interact. Each culture has its own rules of conduct within the individual culture. For example, China looks at small, carefully chosen gifts as conveying a great deal of respect and is a sign that the business relationship is valued by the giver. ut, universally, gifts are recognized as bribes in the business world.

Some major cultural issues include the same words in different languages can mean different things, the actions of one culture can be offensive to another culture, some cultures, China for example, become offensive about touching, Chinese views eye contact as offensive, and taboos exist in cultures. The approaches that Company A uses in marketing can be offensive, if not careful, causing the…

Bibliography

Gillikin, J. (n.d.). Cross Cultural Marketing Strategies. Retrieved from eHow.com: http://www.ehow.com/info_8210250_cross-cultural-marketing-strategies.html

Pitta, D.A. (n.d.). Ethical issues across cultures: managing the differenting perspectives of China and the U.S.A. Retrieved from ubalt.edu:  http://home.ubalt.edu/ntsbpitt/ethics.pdf 

Sall, A.M. (2010, Apr 23). Cross-cultural communication Strategy -- the 4 Building Blocks. Retrieved from The Cross-cultural Connector: http://thecrossculturalconnector.com/?p=244

Given the high degree to which AIDS impedes global economic integration, in particular of sub-Saharan Africa, it would be reasonable to think that such a transnational issue would bring nations and institutions together to a much higher degree than we see.

Overall, the various aspects of the international system have enabled the expansion of global economic integration. Regimes, institutions, and regional interests bring nations together to meet common objectives. As rational actors, nations sometimes impede global integration, be it over a domestic issue or a transnational one. No aspect of the current international system, however, specifically impedes global economic integration. Only when a nation takes itself out of the international system, as has occurred in North Korea, Cuba, Zimbabwe and a handful of other countries, does economic integration become fully impeded. Therefore we can reasonably conclude that the international system, on balance and with a modicum of cooperation on the…

Works Cited

Goldstein, Judith; Rivers, Douglas & Tomz, Michael. (2003). How does the Trade Regime Affect International Trade? Stanford University. Retrieved December 21, 2008 at  http://www.allacademic.com//meta/p_mla_apa_research_citation/0/6/4/3/7/pages64379/p64379-1.php 

Wayne, E. Anthony. (2004). NAFTA: Ten Years After. U.S. Department of State. Retrieved December 21, 2008 at  http://www.state.gov/e/eeb/rls/rm/31645.htm 

No author. (2003). Trade Reforms and Food Security: Conceptualizing the Linkages United Nations. Retrieved December 21, 2008 at http://www.fao.org/docrep/005/y4671e/y4671e00.htm#Contents

Capdevila, Gustavo. (2008). The Death of Doha. Asia Times. Retrieved December 21, 2008 at http://www.atimes.com/atimes/Global_Economy/JG31Dj02.html

International Mini-Plan

Wal-Mart in Hong Kong

The Wal-Mart store is one of the leading American subsidized markets for domestic goods that have been subsidized. In the recent past, it has been considering expansion of their stores to other countries and one of them would be Hong Kong in China.

eason why choose Hong Kong to expand

One reason why the Wal-Mart should invest in Hong Kong is the promising economic trends that are there. The total world trade that was experienced in January to July 2007 was a staggering $391.9 billions, which was a 12.4% increment as compared to the same period of the previous year as shown in Consulate General of India, (2007). This was perpetuated by the steady demand from mainland China and particularly for industrial export products like the electronics and electronic components.

The other reason is that there is a British legal system that has been…

References

Consulate General of India, (2007). Business Opportunities in Hong Kong. Retrieved August 3,

2011 from http://www.indianconsulate.org.hk/images/BOHKVol7Iss9_10.pdf

Hong Kong Trade Development Council, (2008). Profiles of Hong Kong Major Service

Industries. Retrieved August 3, 2011 from  http://info.hktdc.com/main/si/advert.htm

Only a few decades ago, China was a struggling economy. It is much newer in the free market economy system as compared to the already established economical giants, given the country's communist history. China, a country with an extremely high population, put its resources to its best possible advantage and that was something which contributed towards the country's rapid growth. China has one of the cheapest labor and energy and power resources available for its production. As a result, the industries can achieve economies of scale and thus can cut down on their cost of production. As a result, China enjoys a greater absolute advantage over its competitors. Importers around the world have realized the fact that importing goods from China is relatively much cheaper as compared to imports from other developed economies. These cheaper imports allow them a greater profit margin. Moreover, given the fragile economic conditions and declining…

References

Kreh, W. (2008). Money, Debt and Wealth of Nations. Canada: COMER publications

Lipsey, R. & Chrystal, K. (1997). An Introduction to Positive Economics. London: Oxford University Press.

Zweig, D. & Jianhai, B. (2005). China's global hunt for energy. Foreign Affairs, 84(5), 25-38.

Hale, D. & Hale, L. (2003). China takes off. Foreign Affairs, 82(36).

S. policymakers about the international consensus on questions and issues. The U.S. thus uses international law in its foreign policy and also contributes to its formation and development. This is why it formally recognizes and respects fundamental rules and principles as guide to its foreign policy (Joyner).

However, American foreign policy has not focused very much on international law (Rivkin and Casey 2000). Since the end of the Cold War, many international organization have struggled to modify the traditional law of nations governing the relationships between States into an international regulatory code. This intended and new international law would also govern the relationship between citizens and their government. It would regulate primary domestic issues, such as environmental protection and the rights of children. It would also virtually eradicate the use of military force, avoid all civilian casualties during combat, promote the equitable criminal prosecution of individual state leaders or officials…

Bibliography

Joyner, Christopher C. International Law. Encyclopedia of American Foreign Policy, 2002. Retrieved on January 1, 2008 at  http://findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_qx5215/is_2002/ai_n19132421 

Mitchell, Paul Andrew. Citizenship is a Term of Municipal Law. Supreme Law Firm:

Supreme Law Library, 2005. Retrieved on January 1, 2008 at http://www.supremelaw.org/rsrc/privlaw.htm

Rivkin, David. B., Jr. And Lee a. Casey. The Shoals of International Law. The National

27-29) This provoked financial demands and awareness of the people in different parts of the world. People and businesses are dissatisfied with the traditional financial systems due to lack of opportunities for investors. Businesses today require more diversified portfolios for investments because this will reduce their investment risks and increase the probability of future capital flows.

Increased capital mobility has increased the importance of exchange rates which is serving as a monetary policy channel in some industrialized economies. In mid 2000s, there was a sharp shift in the flow of international investments and savings (geographic pattern) resulting in the segmentation of current account imbalances. This was also a major contributing factor. Additionally, the domestic financial markets were also affected by the change in regulatory environment. The two important factors for this are as follows:

1. apid growth of OTC (over-the-counter) markets of derivatives in terms of complexity as well as…

References

Bekaert, G., Harvey, C. And Lundblad, C. 2005. Does financial liberalization spur growth? Journal of Financial Economics 77, 3 -- 55.

Edison, H., Klein, M., Ricci, L. And Slok, T. 2004. Capital account liberalization and economic performance: survey and synthesis. IMF Staff Papers 51, 111 -- 115.

Kaminsky, G. And Reinhart, C. 1999. The twin crises: the causes of banking and balance-of payments problems. American Economic Review 89, 473 -- 500.

Klein, M. 2005. Capital account liberalization, institutional quality and economic growth: theory and evidence. Working Paper No. 11112. Cambridge, MA: NBER, pp.19-21.

International Business in South Florida

Premise and Conclusion

The location of any business entity, but especially one engaged in international commerce, is a complex and critical pre-condition for serving customers, providing a nurturing and productive environment for employees, and achieving profitable operations. Of the many factors management must consider, the following are generally thought to be the most influential: access to capital, favorable tax advantages, excellent transportation and technological infrastructure, and a skilled multilingual and multicultural workforce. (web eFlorida 2010)

South Florida, comprising Miami-Dade, Broward, and Palm Beach counties, does not present a perfect record on any of the success factors, but a close examination of the efforts made and the resulting accomplishments leads to a favorable recommendation for the formation or expansion of international business functions in the region.

Access to Capital

Depending on the stage of company development, a business may need venture capital, commercial bank lenders, or…

References

Enterprise Florida, Inc., 2010, a public-private partnership serving as Florida's primary organization devoted to statewide economic development. www.eFlorida.com

Florida International Bankers Association, 2010, a non-profit trade association founded in 1979. http://www.fiba.net

Florida Development Finance Corporation. 2010 Created by special state statute as an issuer of tax-exempt revenue bonds. www.floridafinance.org

Fodor's South Florida, 2010. Word of mouth tips from fellow travelers. www.fodors.com/guidebooks/9781400004775/

International Human Resources

Culture, Political, Economic and ocial Contexts of Nigeria Under the ubject of International Human Resource Management.

This paper is solely related to the International human resources practices, the uses of international human resources aspects as well as implementation within Nigeria. The paper has been explored several positive and negative aspects of Nigeria related to IHRM and whether it is feasible for global companies to operate and use the labor of Nigeria for making higher profits over there.

International HRM growth and significance

After attaining global scale, any company may be bound to utilize numerous resources and opportunities like global scale, scope, local differences adaptation and tap into best resources and locations associated with global presence in Nigeria and other countries. These are important opportunities in Nigeria because after exploiting such opportunities, the global image can be transformed into top global image (Hollinshead 2010, pp.233-262).

The opportunities can…

Schuler, R., Dowling, P., & De Cieri, H. 1993, 'An integrative framework of strategic international human resource management', deciding An IHRM Approach 449 International Journal of Human Resourc Management, Vol.1, pp.717 -- 764.

Taylor, S., Beechler, S., & Napier, N. 1996, 'Toward an integrative model of strategic international human resource management', Academy of Management Review,, vol21, pp. 959 -- 985.

Tomkins, R. Battered 1997, PepsiCo licks its wounds. The Financial Times, vol.26.

International Networking and the Outcomes of Global Networking

The purpose of the research proposed is to examine international business economics and specifically the impact that global networking has had upon organizations and corporations that are global providers of products and/or services. Research questions in this proposed study include those which ask as the questions of: (1) What is the impact of global networking on international business economics both in the U.S. And in developing countries throughout the world? And (2) Does affiliation drive business growth and profit for international organizations?

International Networking and the Outcomes of Global Networking

According to the work of Contractor and Lorange (2002) entitled "Cooperative Strategies in International usiness: Joint Ventures and Technology Partnerships etween Firms" there is increasingly acknowledgement that alternative forms of international business operations involving "negotiated arrangements between two or more firms." (Contractor and Lorange, 2002) This model involves the collaboration and cooperation…

Bibliography

Changes in Global Organization (nd) World Bank report. Retrieved from:  http://siteresources.worldbank.org/INTGEP/Resources/335315-1257200391829/gep2003chap2.pdf 

Contractor, FJ and Lorange, P (2002) Cooperative Strategies in International business: Joint Ventures and Technology Partnerships between firms. International business and management series. Vol. 2 Cooperative Strategies and Alliances in International business. Rutgers University. Graduate School of Management, Wharton School. Emerald Group Publishing 2002. Retrieved from:  http://books.google.com/books?id=BwfRrH5jEKgC&dq=International+Business+Economics&lr=&source=gbs_navlinks_s 

Heinsz, WJ (nd) The Institutional Environment for International business. The Wharton school, University of Pennsylvania. Philadelphia, PA. Retrieved from:  http://www-management.wharton.upenn.edu/henisz/papers/wiib.pdf 

Mataloni, Raymond J., and Daniel R. Yorgason (2002) Operations of U.S. Multinational Companies: Preliminary Results from the 1999 Benchmark Survey." Survey of Current Business. Washington, D.C.: U.S. Department of Commerce. March.

Comparative advantage states that mutually beneficial exchange is possible whenever relative production costs differ prior to trade. Nations gain by producing goods at relatively low costs and exchanging their outputs for different goods produced by others at relatively low cost. Thus, consumers can gain enormously through appropriate specialization and exchange. A country has an absolute advantage in producing a good if production of the good absorbs fewer resources than are required in other countries or by other individuals or firms.

Specialization leads to economies of scale (Globalization) where more units of a good or a service can be produced on a larger scale, yet with (on average) less input costs. An increasingly competitive global economy drives companies to gain larger global market shares so that they can exploit the benefits of economies of scale (Daniels, Radebaugh, and Sullivan, 2007).

Of course, a harmonious political climate and international embracement of free…

Bibliography

Comparative advantage and absolute advantage. EconomicsInteractive.com. Retrieved from  http://www.unc.edu/depts/econ/byrns_web/Economicae/Essays/ABS_Comp_Adv.htm 

Daniels, J.D., Radebaugh, L.H., & Sullivan, D.P. (2007) International business: Environments and operations. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson/Prentice Hall. ISBN: 0131869426

Fergusson, I.F. (2007, May 9). The World Trade Organization: Background and issues. http://www.nationalaglawcenter.org/assets/crs/98-928.pdf

Globalization. http://bovination.com/cbs/globalization.jsp

In other words while a business may decline in a market in one country, at the same moment the business may experience a decrease in another or perhaps several other countries. Therefore, to be a business on an international level offers a type of padding against sudden market declines that effectively destroy the business but instead there is a balance found within the business structure that survives the declines because those declines are offset by other increase of business in other markets throughout the world.

eferences

Using Customer Insights to Build Brand Loyalty and Increase Marketing OI (2004 Insight Driven Marketing -Accenture esearch eport [Online located at http://www.marketingpilot.com/downloads/White_Papers_&_eviews/Accentureeport.pdf]

Siegel, Phyllis (1997) Whatron Work/Life Integration Project http://www.caseplace.org/cases3117/cases_show.htm?docid=96436

Economies of Capacity and Speed: Choosing the most cost-effective disc drive size and PM to meet it requirements TP-525 • From: Seagate Global Product Marketing • May 2004 [Online available at http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/economies_capacity_spd_tp.pdf]

Seagate Expands…

References

Using Customer Insights to Build Brand Loyalty and Increase Marketing ROI (2004 Insight Driven Marketing -Accenture Research Report [Online located at http://www.marketingpilot.com/downloads/White_Papers_&_Reviews/AccentureReport.pdf]

Siegel, Phyllis (1997) Whatron Work/Life Integration Project  http://www.caseplace.org/cases3117/cases_show.htm?docid=96436 

Economies of Capacity and Speed: Choosing the most cost-effective disc drive size and RPM to meet it requirements TP-525 • From: Seagate Global Product Marketing • May 2004 [Online available at  http://www.seagate.com/docs/pdf/whitepaper/economies_capacity_spd_tp.pdf ]

Seagate Expands Market Reach by Adding Three New Distributors in North America (2005) News Release 1 Feb 2005 [Online available at  http://www.seagate.com/cda/newsinfo/newsroom/releases/article/0,1121,2599,00.html ]

International Criminal Organizations

Over time, Mexico has experienced significant growth in crime levels -- something that has led to an increase in criminal activity not only in Mexico but also across the entire region as well. In this text, I concern myself with the rise of international criminal organizations in Mexico. In so doing, I will amongst other things explain the role poverty and/or corruption has played in the creation of fertile ground for organized gangs and how the Mexican government has responded to the rise in criminal activity. Further, in addition to evaluating the effect of the said criminal organizations on the stability of the nation as a whole, I will also speculate over what the situation in Mexico means to the United States from a national security perspective. ecommendations with regard to how the government of Mexico should respond to the situation will be offered at the end…

References

Barkan, S. & Bryjak, G. (2011). Fundamentals of Criminal Justice: A Sociological View (2nd ed.). Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.

Center for International Cooperation -- CIC (2013). Organized Crime. Retrieved from  http://cic.nyu.edu/content/organized-crime 

CNN Library. (2013). Mexico Drug War Fast Facts. CNN. Retrieved from  http://edition.cnn.com/2013/09/02/world/americas/mexico-drug-war-fast-facts/ 

Edmonds-Poli, E. & Shirk, D.A. (2012). Contemporary Mexican Politics (2nd ed.). Lanham, Maryland: Rowman & Littlefield.

That's proving a business opportunity for Krispy Kreme, McDonald's and other American fast-food chains. For Krispy Kreme, Japan is part of its overseas expansion -- a crucial element of its revival plan announced earlier this year. The chain, based in inston-Salem, N.C., saw its stock collapse two years ago under the weight of overexpansion in the U.S., an accounting investigation and the low-carb diet craze...[Now a] Japanese man carries boxes of Krispy Kreme doughnuts back to his office...two Japanese girls devour doughnuts last week at a Krispy Kreme shop in Tokyo. Long lines form outside the shops, sometimes leading to waits of an hour" (Kageyama 2007). But because of more health-conscious consumers in other regions of America where the Southern, Americana image of the company has less cache and novelty, this strategy has not been successful. Also, the idea of a 'trans-fat free doughnut' has not quelled fears about health…

Works Cited

About us. (2008). Carvel Ice Cream Website. Retrieved September, 21 2008 at  http://www.carvel.com/about_us/about_us.htm 

About us. (2008). Dunkin' Doughnuts Official Website. Retrieved September 21, 2008.

A  https://www.dunkindonuts.com/aboutus/company/ 

Cateora, P.R., & Graham, J.L. (2005). International Marketing. 12th ed. New York, NY: The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc.

3. Describe some factors you would consider when selecting a strategic alliance partner. Explain what you would do to insure the success of such a partnership.

Starting with financial viability and moving into the specific areas of expertise in a given market, potential strategic alliance partners need to be evaluate on their ability to continually innovate as well (Jamali, Yianni, Abdallah, 383, 384). In addition, their role in the overall market of the region or nation of interest, reputation, customer service record, level of influence with the government, and potential to open entirely new markets also must be considered. Previous experiences with managing international relationships, roles of their senior management team earlier in their careers in managing global alliances, and track record with equity and non-equity forms of expansion all need to be considered

(Hipkin, Naude, 63, 64). The extent of success or failure specific alliance partners have had in…

Works Cited

Baloh, Peter, Sanjeev Jha, and Yukika Awazu. "Building Strategic Partnerships for Managing Innovation Outsourcing."Strategic Outsourcing: an International Journal 1.2 (2008): 100-21.

Hipkin, Ian, and Pete Naude. "Developing Effective Alliance Partnerships: Lessons from a Case Study." Long-range planning 39.1 (2006): 51-69.

Jamali, Dima, Mary Yianni, and Hanin Abdallah. "Strategic Partnerships, Social Capital and Innovation: Accounting for Social Alliance Innovation." Business Ethics 20.4 (2011): 375-91.

Kumazawa, R., and P. Gomis-Porqueras. "An Empirical Analysis of Patents Flows and R&D Flows Around the World."Applied Economics 44.36 (2012): 4755.

In fact many identify as European as opposed to Latin American. In addition, although Spanish is spoken in Argentina and it is the official language of the country, it is also a quite different type of Spanish than the Spanish spoken in other Latin American countries ("Argentina cultural guide").

In addition to the aforementioned differences, there are also differences associated with Business Etiquette. In Argentina the culture is driven by relationships and as such when people are conducting businesses they tend to be more comfortable conducting business with people that they know and they are already familiar with. However, in London it will often be the case that the person that business is conducted with is not someone that is familiar to the individual. Because this is the case it will be important to prepare the Argentineans who will work in London by educating them concerning the norms of business…

Reference List

Argentina cultural guide. Retrieved April 7, 2009 from;

 http://www.kwintessential.co.uk/resources/global-etiquette/argentina.html 

Business Etiquette. Retrieved April 7, 2009 from; http://www.london-

guides.co.uk/pages.php?id=b0701010

Again this cannot be turned on or off in a founder, CEO or President of a company, it has to be engrained over years of commitment to the ideals. The biography of Marc Benioff for example and his messianic crusades in oracle under founder and CEO Larry Ellison to start Oracle Charitable Trust and other organization is a case in point. As Salesforce.com began an ascent in sales and global expansion became easier due to increased capital to invest, Marc Benioff still stayed true to his core beliefs that doing well by doing good, being transparent and investing in socially responsible programs was part of the company's DNA, as he says in his latest book. International entrepreneurs would do well to study Mr. Benioff because he has found an approach that capitalizes on his passion for social responsibility globally with the ability to expand into new markets using a highly…

References

Beth Barbee. 2005. ethics of... ENTREPRENEURSHIP. Baylor Business Review 22, no. 2, (April 1): 42.

Bernoff, J., and C. Li. 2008. Harnessing the Power of the Oh-So-Social Web. MIT Sloan Management Review 49, no. 3, (April 1): 36-42.

Brenkert, G.. 2009. Innovation, rule breaking and the ethics of entrepreneurship. Journal of Business Venturing 24, no. 5, (September 1): 448.

Robbin Derry. 2002. SEEKING a BALANCE: A CRITICAL PERSPECTIVE on ENTREPRENEURSHIP and the GOOD SOCIETY. Ruffin Series in Business Ethics: Ethics and Entrepreneurship (January 1): 197-207.

1) Cemex is an acquisition specialist. They perform best with FDI when they have control over the company and can make the changes they need to improve it. Cemex derives value from buying companies and improving them. This is the internalization theory. Cemex feels that the benefits from taking control are worth the expense. They do not wish to risk technology transfer; they wish to have strict control over manufacturing and marketing, and they believe that with an undifferentiated product their competitive advantage is in their managerial expertise, something they do not wish to transfer to any foreign company.

2) To the host economy, Cemex brings a more efficient cement firm. They improve the construction business and its capacity. This in turn lowers the cost of construction and helps create jobs. Potential drawbacks to Cemex's investment in an economy are that they teach competitors how to better perform. These competitors…

For instance, McDonald's has a solid partnership with Starbucks that came as a natural solution to the increased consumption of coffee in its restaurants. Starbucks happens to be the world's leading specialty coffee retailer with a worldwide presence that matches that of the fast food producer.

4.

Other factors affecting decision

Vietnam is an Asian country with strong oriental cooking habits, which might not be very compatible with McDonald's typical menu of cheeseburgers and fries with a Coke on the side. Furthermore, the local food seems to be relatively healthy, which again is not something that cam be said by McDonald's food.

In 1990s, the company tried to enter this market, but didn't due to the lack of suitable business partners. A few years later, KFC and Lotteria entered the market and consolidated their position. Therefore, at this point the restaurant chain would need a couple of strong breakthrough strategies…

Reference list:

IMF -- International Monetary Fund, accessed June 09, World Economic Outlook - Vietnam.

Ministry of Foreign Affairs, accessed June 09, http://www.mofa.gov.vn/en/cs_doingoai/

Ministry of Planning and Investment:  http://fia.mpi.gov.vn/ 

Thuy, L.T. 2005. Technological Spillovers from Foreign Direct Investment: the Case of Vietnam. University of Tokyo, www.e.u-tokyo.ac.jp

International commercial arbitration has been helping the international trade and commerce by being mediator in the occurrence of disputes. To know and learn of its powers, duties, and jurisdiction is essential to parties concerned in arbitration in the event of resolving disagreements.

This paper aims to provide information on International Commercial Arbitration. The powers, duties, and jurisdiction of the organization are included in this paper. Also, we shall examine in this paper the procedural aspects prevailing in the international arbitration, specific issues, as well as court proceedings. Part of which, being a judicial body, is the discussion of the basic and fundamental approach of laws of most governing arbitral institutions.

INTRODUCTION

In events when business parties from different countries have disputes concerning commercial problems, litigation process often leaves them in expensive and frustrating procedures of finding international courts to resolve their cases. Unfortunate sometimes, the judgment imposed by courts is…

CTUR is an organization that was instituted in the year 1987 and brings together labor lawyers, unionists, reporters, and academics. Since its formation it has set up national committees in every continent and a global network of its members. t should be noted that this is a non-profit making organization and has the sole responsibility of protecting, improving and defending the rights of its members worldwide.

The main aims of this organization include defending and extending the rights of trade unions, and gather information and raise awareness of trade union rights and their infringements. This organization came as an answer to the cry of many unions with regard to the infringement of their rights by employers which include legal threat and violence. it's accreditation in 1993 came as a result of the recognition of its importance in defending the rights of trade unions and their members.

Structure and Funding

Given…

International structure, retrieved on March 21, 2010 from  http://www.actionaid.org/main.aspx?PageID=11 

About us, retrieved on March 21, 2010 from  http://www.actionaid.org/main.aspx?PageID=2 

All information about ICTUR obtained from their web site titled: About ICTUR, retrieved on March 21, 2010 from http://www.ictur.org/AboutICTUR.htm

" (U.S. Secuities and Exchange Commission Annual Repot No. 1-2217)

Economical and Political Influences:

Economical and political conditions in the intenational maket place include: "civil unest, poduct boycotts, govenmental changes and estiction on the ability to tansfe capital acoss bodes." It is vey possible that the cuent instability in economic and political conditions in the Middle East, Noth Koea, Iaq o elsewhee as well as continued teoism could advesely impact the Company's financial esults in business."

Othe factos include: "Changes in the nonalcoholic beveages business envionment which is inclusive of changes in consumes pefeences due to health o nutition aspects, competition pessues in poduct and picing competitive poduct. Othe changes such as changes in foeign cuency fluctuation and inteest ates as well as othe capital maket conditions, weathe conditions advesely effecting the Company by a eduction in demand, vaiations in effectiveness of advetising, maketing and pomotions. Fluctuations on cost and…

references due to health or nutrition aspects, competition pressures in product and pricing competitive product. Other changes such as changes in foreign currency fluctuation and interest rates as well as other capital market conditions, weather conditions adversely effecting the Company by a reduction in demand, variations in effectiveness of advertising, marketing and promotions. Fluctuations on cost and availability of raw materials as well as variables in energy costs and transportation costs as well as other necessary services along with the variables in maintaining supplier arrangements and relationships. Natural disasters will be possible threats due to power disruptions and labor strikes. Other variables in business are: "Our ability to effectively align ourselves with our bottling system as we focus on increasing the investment in our brands; seeking efficiencies throughout the supply chain; delivering more value for our customers; and better meeting the needs of our consumers. Changes in laws and regulations, including changes in accounting standards, taxation requirements

Including tax rate changes, new tax laws and revised tax law interpretations), laws concerning food and beverages, competition laws, employment laws and environmental laws in domestic or foreign jurisdictions. Our ability to penetrate developing and emerging markets, which also depends on economic and political conditions, and how well we are able to acquire or form strategic business alliances with local bottlers and make necessary infrastructure enhancements to production facilities, distribution networks, sales equipment and technology. Moreover, the supply of products in developing markets must match the customers' demand for those products, and due to product price and cultural differences, there can be no assurance of product acceptance in any particular market. • the uncertainties of litigation, as well as other risks and uncertainties detailed from time to time in our Company's Securities and Exchange Commission filings. The foregoing list of important factors is not exclusive.

Third Quarter Statement (2004) Coca-Cola FEMSA a DE CV Earnings Conference [Online] Highbeam Research.

South American Business Information 4.8.2004 Comtex news.

Latin America Operating Segment" the Coca-Cola Company 2003 [Online} available at  http://www2.coca-cola.com/investors/annualandotherreports/2003/opseg_latin.shtml

International Planning

Development is a general concept that includes many different aspects. The definition of development is improvement in human welfare, quality of life, social well-being, and satisfying the population's needs and wants. There are many different measurements for development, such as GDP, GNI, Human Development Index, Gender Inequality Index, Gini coefficient, and etc. Since each nation has its own culture, history, tradition, religion, and etc., the measurement of a successful development varies for different countries. As a result, although the general development concepts apply to all countries, each country needs to find their own specific way to develop. China has led the world its development among many various measures; especially economic growth. This analysis will consider some of the factors that are associated with China's exception development trajectory and what option it may hold in the future.

China's History of Development in the Twentieth Century

To understand China's rapid…

Works Cited

Davies, M. "HOW CHINA IS INFLUENCING AFRICA'S DEVELOPMENT." April 2010. OECD Development Centre. Web. 5 December 2012.

Jason, B. "China's Development Plans Lead World, BRICs." 10 January 2011. Global Sherpa. Web. 4 December 2012.

Kanter, J. "European Finance Ministers Deadlock on Plan to Oversee Banks." 4 December 2012. The New York Times. Web. 5 December 2012.

Orlik, T. "China's Inequality Gini Out of the Bottle." 17 September 2012. The Wall Street Jounal China. Web. 6 December 2012.

com, 2010). Jordan's retail fashion scene is similar to that of the UAE with an emphasis on high fashion (AME Info, 2007), although not on as grand a scale as the opulent malls of Dubai and Abu Dhabi. Despite restrictions on ladies' dress in the UAE, the market for estern fashions is strong, as women wear these fashions in the home and at women's only social events. Morocco's retail fashion industry is more nascent, and is focused on Casablanca, giving it a market structure similar to that of Jordan (CPP Luxury.com, 2010).

Other sources of information can come from chambers of commerce for the respective countries, as well as from news reports concerning the experiences of other retailers. However, as media in these countries is not free, the information is not always trustworthy. That said, first hand experience can also be valuable, as the company's managers can see the state…

Works Cited:

CIA World Factbook. (2010). Central Intelligence Agency. Retrieved November 1, 2010 from  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/ae.html 

AME Info. (2008). UAE fashion retail brand catwalks on to international ramp. AME Info. Retrieved November 1, 2010 from  http://www.ameinfo.com/165661.html 

VacationInDubai.com (2010). Retrieved November 1, 2010 from http://www.vacationindubai.com/Pages/shopping_in_Dubai.htm

AME Info. (2007). Landmark Group opens second Max outlet in Amman. AME Info. Retrieved November 1, 2010 from  http://www.ameinfo.com/123019.html

Toyota's system is superior.

2) Toyota's arms-length relationship spread the risk of overcapacity with the suppliers and reduced capital expenditures. Toyota was able to maintain the same degree of production flexibility and quality control by contracting out. The major drawback of Toyota's system was a dependence on other companies for supplies. There was also the risk of a supplier going out of business. American manufacturers did not have this risk.

3) the development of Toyota's lean production system was driven by the need to be a better competitor that U.S. automakers and the desire to offer a wide range of products. Factors unique to Japan were important because the lean production system required labor-management relations, and a strong support network called keiretsu.

4) Toyota entered the NUMMI joint venture in order to gauge the feasibility of manufacturing in the U.S. market. They were able to gain experience with American labor…

(Ghemawat, 2001)

Ghemawat states that administrative distance in relation to 'preferential trading agreements' involves gold, electricity, coffee, tea, cocoa spices, textiles fibers as well as sugar, sugar preparations and honey. Also included are gas and travel goods such as handbags as well as footwear and sanitary, plumbing, heating and lighting fixtures and furniture parts. Geographic distance factors impact products such as electricity current transfer over long distances, gas transfer, paper, paperboard and live animals as well as sugar, sugar preparations and honey. Included as well are other numerous products. Economic distance is derived through wealth differences and distance in economics results in a decrease in trade. Linguistic distance is the most severe in the range of distance impacts with second in sensitivity being administrative distance followed by geographic and then finally economic distance being the less in the range of sensitivity to impact on product because of existing distance.

Distance…

Bibliography

Boerner, Beatrice Barbara (2008) Flat or Not: World Economies, Here Comes Business! Oxford Business & Economics Conference Program. Online available at  http://www.gcbe.us/2008_OBEC/data/Beatrice%20Barbara%20Boerner.doc 

Ghemawat, Pankaj (2001) Distance Still Matters: The Hard Reality of Global Expansion. Sept 2001. The Tool Kit.

Lavie, Dovev; and Miller, Stewart (nd) the Performance Implications of Alliance Portfolio Internationalization Learning within and Across Organizational Boundaries.

International Supply Chain Management

S. markets are listed as being:

Import Licensing

Services arriers

Also is concern in the presence of the government in the telecommunications market sector. U.S. exporters need to know that shipping of foods and agricultural products must be done to meet Italian requirements whether sealed and bonded or not. Italy has also banned the commercialization of four corn varieties approved by the EU. The biotech corn ban may be in violation of EU regulations. The United States and the European Union are the two regions with the largest amounts of imports in Textile and Clothing as well as in terms of their GDP and power of purchase. There are also investment barriers in place making it a lengthy process and investors are prohibited from the airlines and aircraft manufacturing markets. Government procurement is also a problem as it is fragmented in Italy and there are problems with Conclusion:

There are…

Bibliography

Italy: Economy [Online] located at  http://www.geographyiq.com/countries/it/Italy_economy_summary.htm 

The World Textile and Clothing Trade: Globalization vs. Regionlization [Online] at  http://64.233.161.104/search?q=cache:RhDXwbnGQ6KJ:blake.montclair.edu/ 'cibconf/co

2001 Country Reports on Economic Policy and Trade Practices; Bureau of Economic and Business Affairs U.S. Department of State, February 2002

Italy in the World Economy ICE Report 2003-2004

However there were also the perceptions of threats in the way the firm may impact on local culture 'Americanizing' it. The firm may also be perceived as one where there is a highly commercial intent with little local consideration, a concern seen in the consumers in France. The government is also likely to reflect public opinion, as they are the representatives of the electorate, and as seen in France, McDonalds can be a target as the general image is one that represents American culture. It is notable that France has strongly defended its culture, and other controversies regarding American companies in the country have also been seen, especially Disneyland Paris. Therefore, governments are likely to have mixed responses, recognizing that there are some direct benefits as well as potential difficulties, especially in terms of perceptions of cultural contamination from the consumer markets.

Question 3

McDonalds has sought to undertake a…

Metricum

International Business Management

eview of International Strategy at Metricum

Overview of the Metricum Company

Metricum is an SME manufacturer of materials handling equipment and intelligent handling systems. It has been based in the east of England for the last 28 years and has been catering to clients in several parts of the world. The company exports equipment to 40 countries around the world and has manufacturing facilities in Sweden and China in addition to the United Kingdom. Metricum has vertically integrated up the value chain by acquiring a key supplier in omania. The omanian subsidiary has great room for expansion. The company has expanded internationally through joint ventures and acquisitions. Manufacturing operations have been decentralized on the basis of local expertise. Standardized products are manufactured in China, which makes up 25% of total production. Innovative products are made in Sweden while a scaled-down labour force in the United Kingdom…

References

Bannock, G., 2005, The Economics and Management of Small Business: An International Perspective. New York. Routledge Briscoe, D.R., Schuler, R.S., & Claus, L., 2008, International Human Resource Management. Taylor & Francis

CIA, 2012. The World Factbook: Ukraine. Available at: <  https://www.cia.gov/library/publications/the-world-factbook/geos/up.html > [Accessed 20 April 2012].

Contractor, F.J., & Lorange, P., 2002, Cooperative Strategies in International Business. Rutgers University

Copsey, N., 2010. Ukraine. In D.O. Beachain, ed. 2010. The Colour Revolutions in the Former Soviet Republics: Successes and Failures. Taylor & Francis, p. 30.

Global Economic Conditions

Apple operates in over 100 countries already, but there are still some markets available for the company. The one that has been chosen for the next international expansion in Myanmar. Apple already has a presence in most other Southeast Asian countries, but Myanmar has only recently become a democracy. It is a poor country, but relatively large, and is starting to see some strong economic growth. Foreign companies are starting to make their market entry. The trends for Myanmar are all quite recent. Five years ago there was little economic activity in the country, regular brownouts and a military junta. Today, there are signs of economic life. Moreover, where five years ago there was almost no broadband and it was prohibitively expensive, broadband in the country has been rolled out to most populated areas and is affordable.

Myanmar\'s economic story is mostly internal, but there is some…

Human esource Management in International Business

Impact of Cultural Differences, Socioeconomic or Political Factors on international HM

Challenges to HM posed by growth in International Business

By looking at the changing trends of the world of commerce in recent times, one can significantly notice the fact that this business community is becoming more and more competitive. This clearly signifies the truth that the elevating competition within the community has given rise to international business where enterprises regardless of their size are expanding their operations within the global market. As an outcome of it, an efficient and effective work environment has become the fundamental necessity that can facilitate the organizations in maintaining strong holds in the market place as well as generate profits (Daly, 2011).

Considering the challenge of maintaining an effectual organizational culture, businesses need the asset of human resources, hence, they are considered as the foundation stone for any…

References

Briscoe, D., Schuler, R., & Tarique, I. (2012). International Human Resource Management, 4E. 4th Edition. USA: CRC Press.

Briscoe, D.R., & Schuler, R.S. (2004). International Human Resource Management: Policies and Practices for the Global Enterprise. 2nd Edition. USA: Routledge.

Cooke, W.N. (2003). Multinational Companies and Global Human Resource Strategies. USA: Greenwood Publishing Group.

Daly, J.L. (2011). Human Resource Management in the Public Sector: Policies and Practices. USA: M.E. Sharpe.