Piaget suggested that one way to reconcile these two approaches would be to adopt a method clinique, whereby a traditional intelligence test could serve as the basis for a clinical interview (Indiana.edu. 2006). Piaget's work has influenced other educators and philosophers who share the same respect for children. Examples are John Dewey, Maria Montessori and Paulo Freire, who have fought harder for immediate change in schools. Additionally, Piaget has been revered by generations of teachers inspired by the belief that children are not empty vessels to be filled with knowledge but active builders of knowledge, and little scientists who are constantly creating and testing their own theories of the world (Pappert, 1999).
Piaget's key concepts that have influenced educational reform are as follows: 1). Children will provide different explanations of reality at different stages of cognitive development; 2). Cognitive development is facilitated by providing activities or situations that engage learners…...

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Bibliography

Allor & McCathren. (2003). Developing Emergent Literacy Skills through Storybook Reading. Intervention in School and Clinic, 39(2).

Huitt, W. & Hummel, J. (2003). Piaget's Development of Cognitive Development.

Educational Psychology Interactive, Valdosta, Ga.

Indiana.edu. (2006). Human Intelligence: Jean Piaget. Retrieved December 15, 2006 at  http://www.indiana.edu/-intell/piaget.shtml .

Jean Piaget: The Man Who Listened to Children
As a distinct form of scientific study, psychology does not boast a long history. During the earliest years of its practice, the study was used in a sort of "one size fits all" manner, with the client undergoing the same sort of analysis regardless of gender, age, or background. As more information was gathered through actual interaction with subjects from different parts of human society, it was found that men and women are different and cultural influences can profoundly affect the individuals subject to them.

Jean Piaget was among the first psychologists to understand that children are more than simply little adults (Kitchener, 1986).

Short Biography

Piaget was born on August 9, 1896, in Neuchatel, Switzerland. His father, Arthur, was professor of medieval literature at the University of Neuchatel, and his mother, the former ebecca Jackson, was also an educated person, assuring young Jean of a…...

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References

Bridgewater, W. & Kurtz, S.(1969). The Illustrated Columbia

Encyclopedia, Vol. 16, Columbia University Press: New

York.

Evans, R. (1973). Jean Piaget, the Man and His Ideas, Dutton:

Such adaptations include "altruism, humor, anticipation (looking ahead and planning for future discomfort), suppression (a conscious decision to postpone attention to an impulse or conflict, to be addressed in good time), and sublimation (finding outlets for feelings, like putting aggression into sport, or lust into courtship)" (Shenk 2009, p.2). Greta needs a new outlet and a life outside of her husband and the university community. She had an independent life in Norway but in her new environment she is overly dependent upon her husband, his university, and the university community. Altruistically volunteering for a cause Greta believes in might be one way to find a new circle of friends. This would also improve her English ability and perhaps lead to a permanent job. Her ego would be less reliant upon being in the good graces of the university's wives, and she would be less in need of her busy…...

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References

Baskovic, Brett W. (2010). Jean Piaget's genetic epistemology. University of Florida. Retrieved February 12, 2010 at  http://www.math.ufl.edu/dept_news_events/long/essays/baskovich.html 

Shenk, Joseph. (2009). What makes us happy? The Atlantic. Retrieved February 12, 2010 at  http://www.theatlantic.com/doc/200906/happiness/2

Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget
Jean Piaget was intrigued with the reasons children gave to justify their incorrect answers to questions that called for the application of logic. He interpreted these as symbols indicating just how differently adults and children think. In his view, a child's thinking is influenced by the experiences they have with their environment and how mature their biological system is. Towards this end, a child will often construct their own understanding of the world based on what they experience in their physical environment, and will adjust the same as they continue to mature, and as they interact more with the larger environment. Gradually, these formative rational constructs, which Piaget refers to as schemas, are integrated into the child's cognitive processes and become more abstract. This text outlines the theoretical constructs behind Piaget's theory, and examines how relevant Piaget's framework is to contemporary education.

Piaget's Contribution

Sigelman and ider (2014)…...

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References

Eddy, S. (2010). Theories of Cognitive Development: Jean Piaget. Wordpress. Retrieved 27 October 2014 from  https://psychohawks.wordpress.com/2010/09/05/theories-of-cognitive-development-jean-piaget/ 

McLeod, S. (2009). Jean Piaget. Simply Psychology. Retrieved 28 October 2014 from  http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html 

Sigelman, C. & Rider, E. (2014). Life-Span Human Development (8th ed.). Stamford, CT: Cengage Learning.

Outline Template: Jean Piaget Essay
I. Introduction

A. Historical context of Piaget and why it is important to study the theories of Jean Piaget.

B. The importance of cognitive development and the concept of stages of development.

C. How progressing through the stages of development can lead to successful schemas or to pathological constructs that cause mental or behavioral health issues.

II. First body paragraph: Background information

A. Who was Jean Piaget

B. Who influenced Piaget

C. Piaget’s theory of cognitive development

III. Second body paragraph: Childhood cognitive development in stages

A. Sensorimotor stage from birth until age two

B. Preoperational stage from two years old until age seven

C. Concrete operational stage from seven years until age eleven

D. Formal operational stage from age eleven until adulthood.

IV. Third body paragraph: On assimilation and accommodation of new knowledge into the schema

A. How children integrate new knowledge or concepts into their existing schemas.

B. Successful versus unsuccessful integration and assimilation of new knowledge.

V. Conclusion: How…...

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References

McLeod, S. (2018). Jean Piaget’s theory of cognitive development. Simply Psychology. Retrieved from:  

https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html 

But the result was bland - boring enough to ruin my kids' morning. I thought of which ingredients were best to add. I thought of adding more sweetener, cheese, and pepper. I tried to approximate the amount of each ingredient that I would put in to make the outcome what I envisioned it to be. I carefully thought of the ingredients to add and at which amount to avoid wastage. Fortunately, I achieved the sweet-sour-spicy taste I was looking for. As I was preparing breakfast, I thought of passing by the grocery later in the afternoon before heading home. I thought of the items I should buy - which stocks ran out, which products come with which, products needed in my menu for the week, and other items that the kids asked for. I listed all these to ensure that I would not miss any, and then I calculated…...

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Come nighttime, I helped my kids with their homework. My eldest has an exam the next day so I also helped him review his lessons. Their teacher did not specify which type of exam it would be, so I helped him prepare for multiple-choice, identification, and even essay-type exams. I scanned his notes and books, and asked him about the items that might come out in the multiple-choice or identification types of exam. For the essay type, I thought of situations and let him explain its relevance to the topics they have been discussing in school. After helping my kids with their schoolwork, it was time for me to deal with my own schoolwork. I tried to recall how my day went - my activities - in order to pick out those in which I used formal operational thinking. But I was not able to focus. It has been a stressful day, and during that time I did not know if I was mad, irritated, or just tired. I took time to reflect, and realized that I cannot be mad. Mad with what or with whom? It must be that I was just tired, so I decided to rest for a while, and then got on with this paper.

In each of the above-mentioned activities, I made use of formal operational thinking. I was able to understand abstract concepts, such as anger. I made use of logical problem-solving in trying to fix the shower. Processing hypothetical situations came in while reviewing my eldest for his exam, thinking of what I should be buying in the grocery, and what would happen if I add an ingredient to my pasta sauce. All these show logical thinking and reasoning, that adolescents and adults (like me) engage in formal operational thinking everyday and every time. People do this without being aware that they are already doing so; it happens fast and it almost always happens, that is why they are not aware that they already do delve in abstract concepts, process hypothetical situations, and that their thinking, reasoning and their thinking, reasoning, and problem-solving is systematic and logical.

Santrock, J.W. (2004). Life span development (9th Ed.). New York: McGraw Hill.

Jean Piaget Cognitive Development Theory
The way we consider development and disability has started to change. With these progressions come new potential outcomes for moving toward the treatment of kids with disabilities. These new thoughts broadly look at health and improvement, considering them to be perplexing networks of cooperation instead of simple chains of timed situations (McLinden, 2012). Piaget's hypothesis of cognitive development generally manages the view that all species acquire two essential tendencies; 'organization' is the first one - organizing thoughts and behaviours into sensible frameworks. The second is adaptation - changing in accordance with your environment. Jean Piaget (1896-1980) is likely one of the pioneers who did precise investigations of cognitive development in youngsters, and sent a standout amongst the most noteworthy theories in cognitive psychology "genetic epistemology" that increased wide acknowledgment in the 1970s. His perspectives, frequently portrayed as a constructivist view, were to a great extent derived…...

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Bibliography

Al-Shidhani, A. T., & Arora, V. (2012). Understanding Dyslexia in Children through Human Development Theories. Sultan Qaboos Univ Med J., 286 -- 294.

McLinden, M. (2012) Mediating haptic exploratory strategies in children who have visual impairment and intellectual disabilities, Journal of Intellectual Disability Research, 56 (2), 129-139.

Suresh, P., Ayyapan, A., Nandini, J., & Ismail, T. (2015). Cognitive Deficits and Behavioral Disorders in Children: A Comprehensive Multidisciplinary Approach to Management. Annals of Behavioural Science.

Psychologists, such as Jean Piaget and Erik Erikson, theorize that humans go through stages in their development throughout life, growing from infancy to old age. Piaget outlined stages of thinking, referred to as cognitive development; Erikson described stages of personality, referred to as psychosocial development. How can you use this information to better understand your own life? hat stages of cognitive and psychosocial development have you gone through since you were an infant? hich stages will you encounter during adulthood and old age?
Piaget and Erikson both took a systematic approach to trying to determine what the different stages of human development. However, both individuals used different perspectives and formulated models that were inherently different. Piaget was interested in trying to determine the way children begin to develop various mental capacities to understand things such as numbers, time, causality, justice, etc. and he considered his work to be the realm…...

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Works Cited

McLeod, S. (2015). Jean Piaget. Retrieved from Simple Psychology:  https://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html 

McLeod, S. (2017). Erik Erikson. Retrieved from Simply Psychology:  https://www.simplypsychology.org/Erik-Erikson.html

Piaget's And Bruner's Theories For Cognitive Development
Cognitive theory, to some extent, is complex and multipart proposition. It puts forward the idea that development in humans is a function of an interaction with their upbringing, surroundings and individual understanding and experiences. Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner are the two great theorists who constructed cognitive theories (William). Both theories have some similarities and differences which would be discussed in the paper.

Piaget's and Bruner's Cognitive Theories: Similarities and Differences

According to Piaget, the cognitive development of a child depends on four factors. These are genetic maturation, familiarity with the physical environment, understanding of the social environment and equilibration. His cognitive theory also gives an explanation of the four stages of cognitive development. The Sensory Motor Stage (Birth -- 2 years). During this stage, children act impulsively. They demonstrate an egocentric behavior and are indifferent to the needs, wants and interests of others around them.…...

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References

Cherry G. 2004. An Overview of Jerome Brunner His Theory of Constructivism. [ONLINE] Available at:   [Accessed 26 May 2012].http://www.odu.edu/educ/roverbau/Class_Websites/761_Spring_04/Assets/course_docs/ID_Theory_Reps_Sp04/Bruner-Cherry.pdf 

Seta, C.E., Seta, J., Paulus, P., & Andrews, E.A. 2001. Study Guide for Psychology, Third Canadian edition, by Baron, R., Earhard, B., & Ozier, M. Toronto, ON: Pearson Education Canada Inc. [Print].

William, R.T. Social Cognitive Theories of Jean Piaget and Jerome Bruner., [Online]. 41, 117-123. Available at:   [Accessed 26 May 2012].http://www.takamatsu-u.ac.jp/library/06_gakunaisyupan/kiyo/no41/41_117-123_williams.pdf 

Piaget
Harry James Potter was born in 1980, the son of James and Lily Potter. Both of Harry's parents died when Harry was an infant. The murder of his parents literally left Harry Potter scarred for life: his lightening bolt-shaped scar is one of his most distinguishing physical features. The orphaned Harry was forced to live with distant family relatives who are Muggles, and culturally distinct from Harry. Harry Potter studies at the Hogwarts School of Witchcraft and Wizardry. Harry has developed a process of adaptation, by which he adjusts himself to assimilate to the social environment at Hogwarts.

One of Harry's main cognitive schemas is that he aware that the Dark Lord Voldemort wants to kill him. The schema related to his personal identity and abstract concepts like good and evil evolve, revealing the process of child development throughout Potter's early adolescence. He demonstrates a process of accommodation, by which he…...

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References

Cherry, K. (n.d.). Background and key concepts of Piaget's theory. About.com. Retrieved online:  http://psychology.about.com/od/piagetstheory/a/keyconcepts.htm 

McLeod, S. (2009). Jean Piaget. Simply Psychology. Retrieved online:  http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html 

"Stage Theory of Cognitive Development (Piaget)" (n.d.). Learning Theories. Retrieved online:  http://www.learning-theories.com/piagets-stage-theory-of-cognitive-development.html 

Sutton-Smith, B. (1966). Piaget on play: A critique. Psychological Review 73(1): 104-110.

Piaget's Cognitive Development
The Webster Dictionary describes the word cognition as; the psychological means of distinguishing, including features such as consciousness, perception, reasoning and decision making (Cognition). Piaget's Cognitive Developmental theory was a novel idea at the time of its birth. In depth, this theory, was the first on the issue and continued the specification of the field for a while. All through this paper, Piaget's thesis will be torn down into its four phases and all will be methodically complete. It is the intention of this research study to see how well Piaget's ideas endured the test of time and see what developments made to the current theory.

Piaget makes the hypothesis that there were four main cognitive phases in practical development, agreeing to four consecutive methods of knowledge. All through each of these stages, children were theorized to ponder and reason in a way that was different. These stages, and…...

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Reference:

Cook-Cottone, C. (2004). Using piaget's theory of cognitive development to understand the construction of healing narratives. Journal of College Counseling, 7(2), 177-186.

Goswami, U. (2001). Cognitive development: No stages please -- we're british. British Journal of Psychology, 92(00071269), 257-77.

Hinde, E., & Perry, N. (2007). Elementary teachers' application of jean piaget's theories of cognitive development during social studies curriculum debates in arizona. The Elementary School Journal, 108(1), 63.

Leppo, M., Davis, D., & Crim, B. (2000). The basics of exercising the mind and body. Childhood Education, 76(3), 142-147.

Piaget vs. Vygotsky
Cognitive Constructivism and Social Constructivism are both theories in the field of Cognitive Development which focuses on the development of how people attain knowledge about their surroundings and come to understand their world throughout their life span. Both psychologists, Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, came up with their own theories on cognitive development. Piaget came up with the idea of Cognitive Constructivism, while Vygotsky came up with Social Constructivism, both of which have become the most studied theories in this branch of psychology.

Piaget focused on categorizing children's cognitive development into stages and made note of the different approaches that children at a given stage and age has toward acquiring new knowledge. Vygotsky's focus was on a more social perspective and suggested that children's ability to learn comes from their social and daily interactions with their surroundings and culture. It is this that helps them think and understand something…...

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References:

Martin, J. & Sugarman, J. (1997). The social-cognitive construction of psychotherapeutic change: Bridging the social constructionism and cognitive constructivism. Review of General Psychology. 1(4): 375-388.

Palincsar, A.S. (1998). Social contructivist persepctives on teaching and learning. Annu. Rev. Psychol. 49: 345-375.

Davies, D. (2004). Child Development. Second Edition. Guilford Press.

Kall, R.V. & Cavanaugh, J.C. (2010). Human development: A life-span view. Wadsworth Publishing.

Some might say I am too exacting, too much of a perfectionist. But working with children has and will continue to make me more accepting of the need to 'break eggs' to make an omelet, to tolerate disorder to realize a goal. Even at the formal operations stage, an adult must know that his or her cherished philosophical goals and abstractions are not shared by everyone. It is necessary to motivate others through emotions as well as logic to make employees want to achieve critical objectives and benchmarks.
Learning how to convince other people, to make them share my ideals, has been a great learning experience for me in all of my leadership roles. A CEO, above all, cannot have the egocentric perspective of a child. Although it is expected of a child, a CEO must put aside such 'childish things' as concern for the ego, and instead focus on…...

Piaget
There are almost as many different varieties of issues that can impede a child learner from succeeding in a math class as there are particular remedies to ameliorate such a problem. One of the chief reasons that certain children find mathematics difficult is because they are overwhelmed by it. They find the concept of a never ending series of numbers (as well as similarly interminable operations which one can put them through and which are taught daily and tested weekly) beyond challenging to the point where it incites anxiety and fear.

Additionally, difficulties can arise from learning differences such as dyscalculia, or situations in which students may not be familiar with the language that the class is taught in (such as English Language Learners). These two factors can exacerbate the initial feeling of anxiety that math can produce in child learners. Moreover, it is important to realize that in math there…...

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References

Huitt, W., & Hummel, J. (2003). "Piaget's theory of cognitive development." Educational Psychology Interactive. Valdosta, GA: Valdosta State University. Retrieved from  http://www.edpsycinteractive.org/topics/cognition/piaget.html

Theories
Comparing the Theories of Piaget and Vygotsky

Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky were both born in 1896 in Switzerland and ussia, respectively. Both men were born at the turn of the 20th century, one of the greatest and most prolific centuries in modern history. Both men were profoundly instrumental in shaping the perspectives and practices regarding education, socialization, and human development. The paper will examine the theories of each gentlemen, offering a comparative analysis and assessment of some of the greater concepts or schools of thought. The paper will additionally offer insight as to the value of incorporating their theories in the classroom as part of the teaching practice. Piaget is more known for Developmental Psychology, Constructivism, and Epistemology, while Vygotsky is more known for Cultural-historical psychology, and the Zone of Proximal Development. While individually distinctive, there is some conceptual overlap, as well as overlap in their intentions to improve the…...

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References:

Gallagher, Christina. "Lev Semyonovich Vygotsky." Muskingham University, Psychology Department, Web, Available from:   1999. Accessed 2013 February 04.http://www.muskingum.edu/~psych/psycweb/history/vygotsky.htm ,

McLeod, Sean. "Jean Piaget." Simply Psychology, Web, Available from:   2009, 2012. Accessed 2013 February 04.http://www.simplypsychology.org/piaget.html ,