Juvenile Crime Issues in the Criminal Justice System
Similar to the concept of childhood, the legal idea of the juvenile justice system or status is relatively new. In the United States, the juvenile court system was established approximately 200 years ago with the first juvenile court instituted in 1899. Before the inception of the first juvenile court, children and the youth were regarded as small adults and were therefore prosecuted and punished as adults. Since the establishment of the first juvenile court, juveniles have largely been treated differently from adults though they are sometimes treated similarly in the criminal justice system. Consequently, there are several juvenile crime issues that have emerged in the criminal justice system as juvenile offenses have increased and the divergent treatment of juvenile offenders.

The Development of Juvenile Justice System:

Unlike the previous years, juvenile crimes and offenders are usually addressed in the juvenile justice system despite of the…...

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References:

"Development of the Juvenile Justice System." (n.d.). Find Law -- Thomson Reuters. Retrieved March 14, 2012, from  http://criminal.findlaw.com/juvenile-justice/development-of-the-juvenile-justice-system.html 

"Introduction." (2001). Juvenile Crime, Juvenile Justice. Retrieved from The National

Academics Press website:  http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=9747&page=13 

Komisaruk, K. (2007). Differences between Juvenile and Adult Court. Retrieved March 14,

Juvenile Crime
United States is on the top of western countries experiencing crime activities. Though, till the past decade the rate of crimes has fallen down but still U.S. has the highest rate. Whether they are adults or juveniles, the rate of committing crimes is quite higher in both groups. There are different reasons been explored, why U.S. is facing the highest rate of crimes; however the exploration and discussion is still in progress among the scholars.

The government reserves large amount of budget for the management of juvenile system and rehabilitation of criminals but still the rate of crimes has fallen down only a little. The juvenile crimes have become one of the serious issues in U.S. which are not only spoiling the youth but also affecting other departments of growth as, if the youth of the nation is spoiled the future of the nation gets in to risk. (Justia, 2012)

The…...

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Bibliography

Family Research Council. (2007). Deterring Divorce. FRC.

Fernandes, C. (2003). The Role of Mass Media Socialization in Juvenile Delinquency. South Africa.

Frosch, D. (2012, March 26). Colorado Revisits Law That Gives Prosecutors Wide Power to Try Youths as Adults. Retrieved June 10, 2012, from The New York Times:  http://www.nytimes.com/2012/03/27/us/colorado-revisits-its-juvenile-crime-law.html 

Greenwood, P.W. (1996, Winter). Responding to Juvenile Crime: Lessons Learned. The Future of Children.

Juvenile Crime
RISE IN JUVENILE CRIME

This paper is about the rise of juvenile crime. It reveals the factors responsible for the high rise in crime and steps on how we can curb it. Juvenile crime is a major problem for people nowadays. Young children have resorted to acts of brutality and violence. It is hard to believe that young children can be responsible for acts of rape, assault, robbery and homicide. The rates of juvenile crimes have been fluctuating throughout the years. The U.S. Government hasn't done much to counter this problem. This paper shows the major factors behind juvenile crimes. It also shows practical and mature ways of countering this problem without being too harsh.

What is Juvenile Delinquency

What is classified as juvenile delinquency? The U.S. Code states that it is a violation of the law if a person under the age of 18 commits a crime. That is classified as…...

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Bibliography

Juvenile Delinquents

 http://www.alma.edu/academics/education/advocacy/delinquency.htm 

Effective Response to Teenage Crime

http://www.violence.neu.edu/publication2.html

Juvenile Crime Prevention
Most people consider delinquency prevention to be crucial to the development of a comprehensive and consistent approach to the problem of youth crime and delinquency. Traditionally, the evaluations have lacked an empirical support of the prevention programs' impact on juvenile misconduct. However, today there is a growing research which supports the idea of delinquency prevention as both a cost-effective as well as a practical means of reducing the youth misbehavior. Even so, policymakers on the other hand, continue to debate on the efficacy of programs that avert crime as opposed to sanctions which purportedly deter youth violence and delinquency. In summary, this paper will evaluate three current prevention and diversion programs used to prevent or deter juvenile delinquency, abuse, and neglect.

Presently, the current discussion centered on juvenile crime prevention primarily focuses on the several key components in effort to define the programs that are most effective in discouraging…...

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Reference

Saunders, G., & Carr, R.A. (2009). A juvenile crime prevention programme utilizing a peer counselling model. New York: Juvenile Crime Prevention Project.

Juvenile Justice
Policy regarding juvenile crime and justice has moved to the center of public attention and political debate in recent years. Increases in youth crime, stories of frustrated parents seeking help for their troubled children, and criticisms of juvenile justice programs have led to demands for change in the way young offenders are charged, punished, and treated (Howell, Krisberg, & Jones, 1995). Public concern about violent juvenile crime is also at an unprecedented high (Butterfield, 1996). The increasingly violent nature of contemporary youth crime and the escalating number of young people involved with the juvenile justice system have challenged established beliefs guiding policy and practice with offenders.

Traditionally, the juvenile court has striven to maintain a balance between rehabilitating and punishing offenders. The extent to which policy with young offenders has emphasized rehabilitation vs. punishment has changed intermittently over the past 30 years. Influenced by principles of deinstitutionalization, practice in the…...

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Sources:

Matthew O. Howard, Jeffrey M. Jenson. (1998) Youth crime, public policy, and practice in the juvenile justice system: recent trends and needed reforms

Social Work, Vol. 43.

Jennifer M. O'Connor, Lucinda Kinau Treat. (1996) Getting smart about getting tough: juvenile justice and the possibility of progressive reform. American Criminal Law Review, Vol. 33.

Howell, J.C., Krisberg, B., & Jones, M. (1995). Trends in juvenile crime and youth violence. In J.C. Howell, B. Krisberg, J.D. Hawkins, & J.J. Wilson (Eds.), A sourcebook: Serious, violent, and chronic juvenile offenders (pp. 1-35). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.

Conclusion

There are many factors that increase the prevalence of juvenile crime and juvenile violence. Ethnic diversity is also much greater in urban areas, and the correlation between juvenile violent crimes and such diversity can be attributed largely to attempts at group identification -- i.e. gangs -- when other support structures are lacking (Osgood & Chambers 2003). Thus, though urbanization faces more than its share of juvenile violent crime proportionately speaking, it cannot actually be considered the cause of such criminality. The research into juvenile violent crimes shows that many different societal ills contribute to the problem. Urban communities often present concentrations of society's problems, and that is certainly the case here. It would be incorrect, however, to cite urbanization as a cause of juvenile violent crimes.

eferences

Austin, C. (1994). "Focusing on schools: The police fight back." Corrections Today August 1994;56(5):78. Available from: SocINDEX with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 26,…...

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References

Austin, C. (1994). "Focusing on schools: The police fight back." Corrections Today August 1994;56(5):78. Available from: SocINDEX with Full Text, Ipswich, MA. Accessed October 26, 2009

McManus, R. (1999). "Juvenile and young adult firearm use in South Carolina." South Carolina department of public safety.

Osgood, W. & Chambers, J. 92003). "Community correlates of juvenile justice and delinquency prevention." Juvenile justice bulletin, May 2003.

Wootton, J. & Heck, R. (1996). "How State and Local Officials Can Combat Violent Juvenile Crime." The heritage foundation.

Juvenile Offenders, an Intervention Analysis
The need to lessen the criminal behavior of juvenile offenders is an important aspect of the modern juvenile justice system given that over 1 million adolescents in the United States are processed by juvenile courts. The juvenile justice system has developed various approaches, initiatives, and interventions to help reduce criminal behavior among this population. The various approaches or interventions adopted by the justice system to address, resolve, and reduce the problem vary significantly. Effective juvenile justice necessitates evidence-based interventions and corresponding policy. This intervention analysis research is rooted in antisocial potential theory, a subset of cognitive theories of criminality and social behavior. Antisocial potential theory suggests that at-risk populations, in this case youth, exhibit antisocial tendencies and that those tendencies can be mitigated via evidence-based interventions. Evidence-based intervention policies and strategies demonstrate that emphasizing psychological interventions is more effective than emphasizing punitive justice.

The first step of…...

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References

Henggeler, S.W. & Schoenwald, S.K. (2011). Evidence-Based Interventions for Juvenile Offenders and Juvenile Justice Policies that Support Them. Social Policy Report, 25(1), 1-28.

"Juvenile Justice and Rehabilitation." (n.d.). Legal Career Path. Retrieved February 23, 2016, from  http://legalcareerpath.com/juvenile-justice-rehabilitation/

Juvenille Justice Statistics
Statistical eporting and eduction of Juvenile Crime

Strengths and limitations of juvenile delinquency measurements

To deal with the problem of juvenile delinquency, it is essential that the statistics that are kept on this crime are accurately tabulated and reported. "While measurement is not new to juvenile justice, too often data collected by juvenile justice agencies have been unrelated to outcomes, and have seldom allowed the public to assess performance in a meaningful way. This information has not helped juvenile justice systems and organizations determine the impact and cost-effectiveness of their interventions" (Bazemore 2006: v). For example, there has been a tendency to keep track of the number of appointments with probationers or recidivism, without actually asking questions like: were the interventions with the system effective or what specifically prompted the recidivism? "e-offending may be a result of any number of factors that may or may not be related to the…...

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References

Bazemore, Gordon. (2006). Measuring what really matters in juvenile justice. American Prosecutor's Research Institute. Retrieved:  http://www.ndaa.org/pdf/measuring_what_really_matters_06.pdf 

Tourangeau, Roger & McNeeley, Madeline E. (2008). Measuring crime and crime victimization: Methodological issues. Measurement Problems in Criminal Justice Research: Workshop Summary. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press. Retrieved:

 http://www.nap.edu/openbook.php?record_id=10581&page=10

Power of Myth: Chapter 2 before referencing
Reducing Juvenile crime through community-based involvement strategies

Prevention

As with so many things in life, when it comes to preventing juvenile crime, an 'ounce of prevention is worth a pound of cure.' In other words, the ideal method of containing juvenile crime is to make a life of crime less attractive to potential young offenders. This is important not simply to reduce rates of criminality amongst the most vulnerable population of our society, but also to reduce crime later on, as youthful criminals are likely to become more hardened, career criminals after they age out of the juvenile justice system. Most chronic juvenile offenders are under the age of 15 when they commit their first offense (Sprague 2003:5).

After-school programs uniquely tailored to the demographic needs of the community are one effective way to reduce juvenile crime. An estimated eight million school-age children are home alone…...

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Works Cited

Derryck, Erica Terry. (3 May 2007). "Law enforcement leaders say California is risking lives and wasting money by failing to fully fund interventions proven to cut juvenile crime." Fight Crime: Invest in Kids California. Retrieved 20 Feb 2008 at http://www.fightcrime.org/releases.php?id=305

Jackovitz, Allison. (2007)."Juvenile Crime Investigated." The Collegian. Penn State

University. Retrieved 20 Feb 2008 at  http://www.mapinc.org/drugnews/v08/n155/a09.html 

Patten, Peggy & Anne S. Robertson. (2000). "Focus on after-school time for violence prevention. ERIC Digest. Retrieved 20 Feb 2008 at  http://www.ericdigests.org/2002-2/focus.htm

The juvenile diversion system was established with funding from the iverside County Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act of 2000, approved by the California Board of Corrections. This was a multi-year evaluation research project and was divided into five distinct areas to evaluate programs approved by the Board of Corrections, these being the Community-Based Probation Diversion, Youth Accountability Teams, the Gang Prevention-Project BIDGE, and the Family Violence Prevention Program-P.A.C.T., Youth Accountability Boards, and Youth Courts. The evaluation was meant to collect baseline data and follow-up data to measure the success of each program, with the data including juvenile arrest rates per 100,000; arrest rates for program participants; incarceration rats; rate of completion of probation; probation violation rate; rate of completion of restitution; rate of completion of community service; and rates of truancy and family violence for those to which these apply. Performance benchmarks were to be developed for each program…...

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References

Johnson, J.E. (1979, April 6). "The Impact of Juvenile Diversion: An Assessment Using Multiple Archival Perspectives."

Retrieved May 24, 2007 at  http://eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/custom/portlets/recordDetails/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED177411&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=eric_accno&accno=ED177411 .

Nadell-Hayes, S. & Macallair, D. (1995) Restructuring Juvenile Corrections in California: A Report to the Legislature. Retrieved May 24, 2007 at  http://www.cjcj.org/pdf/restructuring.pdf .

Riverside County Juvenile Justice Crime Prevention Act (a.B. 1913) Projects (2007). Retrieved May 25, 2007 at  http://ccjr.csusb.edu/ProgEvalRiversideProjects.htm .

Crime
Juvenile Offender in Hong Kong

Juvenile Offenders

Juvenile Offender in Hong Kong

The increase in juvenile delinquency has become a world-wide phenomenon, especially in many developed countries. This trend is also evident in cities like Hong Kong and can be seen in a recent report which asserts that the age of juvenile offenders in Kong is getting younger. This study by Pang (2008) states that, "Some juvenile delinquents are now as young as 10 and 11..." (Pang, 2008).

According to the Hong Kong Federation of Youth Groups, another disturbing indication of the increase in youth crime was the number of crimes committed by young females, which increased in 2006. "The young girls, mostly aged 13 to 14, usually like to commit crimes with their friends, like stealing accessories or cosmetics"..." ( Pang, 2008). Furthermore, this study notes that there was a thirteen percent increase in crimes committed by children between the ages of twelve…...

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References

Broadhurst R. ( 2000). Crime Trends in Hong Kong. Retrieved from  http://www.crime.hku.hk/rb-crimetrends.htm 

Cagape E. ( 2008). Why I think juvenile offenders are getting younger. Retrieved from  http://asiancorrespondent.com/17054/why-i-think-juvenile-offenders-are-getting-younger/ 

Edwin H. Sutherland: Differential Association Theory. Florida State University.

Retrieved from http://criminology.fsu.edu/crimtheory/sutherland.html

Juvenile Justice
Juvenile delinquents

Shifting to a restorative model, acknowledging the needs of victims

Juvenile justice:

Shifting to a restorative model, acknowledging the needs of victims

The adult justice system in America has long focused upon retribution and community restoration as well as rehabilitation of offenders. Victims must be 'made whole,' not just offenders within the adult system. However, the juvenile justice system has had a far less clear focus upon the restoration of justice to the community than that of its adult counterpart. This is partially due to the oft-expressed view that juveniles are less morally responsible than adults. Juvenile records are usually 'wiped clean' after the adolescents have served their time in probation or prison. The focus of the juvenile justice system is always on the improvement of the life of the juvenile and to reduce the likelihood of recidivism, rather than outright punishment.

On the other hand, juveniles are also prosecuted for so-called…...

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References

Balanced and restorative justice. (2010). OJJDP report: Guide for implementing the balanced and restorative justice model. Retrieved July 4, 2010. http://www.ojjdp.ncjrs.gov/pubs/implementing/balanced.html

Giacomazzi, Andrew L. (2005, February). Review of Restorative justice by Ruth Ann

Strickland. (New York, NY: Peter Lang, 2004). LPBR. 15.2: 139-142. Retrieved July 4,

2010.  http://www.bsos.umd.edu/gvpt/lpbr/subpages/reviews/strickland205.htm

According to Lawlor, Connecticut has "developed a flexible approach geared toward immediate intervention and proven results" (Lawlor). He explains that not every teenaged car thief with a record of several arrests should be sent to prison, just as not every 10-year-old first time truant needs to be simply sent home to his parents (Lawlor).
The state of Connecticut has sole responsibility for all probation, adult and juvenile, and all graduated sanctions programs are operated by the state or by private, non-profit organizations funded by the state (Lawlor). For more than twenty years, the term 'juvenile' in the state of Connecticut refers to only youths under the age of sixteen; youths who are sixteen years and older are treated as adults for all crimes (Lawlor). In 1995, before the graduated sanctions were implemented, the most serious violent juveniles were the focus of the juvenile court, and all other cases were for…...

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Works Cited

Bilchik, Shay. "Sentencing juveniles to adult facilities fails youths and society."

Corrections Today. April 1, 2003. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Feld, Barry C. "Abolish the juvenile court: youthfulness, criminal responsibility, and sentencing policy. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. September 22, 1997. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Grisso, Thomas. "The evolution of adolescence: a developmental perspective on juvenile justice reform. Journal of Criminal Law and Criminology. September 22, 1997. Retrieved November 30, 2006 from HighBeam Research Library.

Juvenile Delincency in Urban Areas
Juvenile delinquency is a contemporary term for an old problem. One of the oldest relevant studies of the phenomenon was 'social disorganization' theory, which was developed by the Chicago school of sociology in the 1920's. This theory posits that there exist areas in a city in which traditional institutions have little or no control. This was studied in Chicago using a system of 'Concentric Zones' which demonstrated that most of the crime in the city occurs within certain areas that are typically associated with poverty. According to studies conducted by Shaw and McKay in the 1940's, "a preponderance of the delinquent boys lived either in areas adjacent to the central business and industrial district or along the two forks of the Chicago River, ack of the Yards, or in South Chicago, with relatively few in other outlying areas." (Jacoby, 13)

Shaw and McKay discovered a strong association…...

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Bibliography

Carlin Wong. Clifford R. Shaw and Henry D. McKay: The Social Disorganization Theory. Center for Spacially Oriented Social Science. 2002.

Terence Morris. The Criminal Area: A Study in Social Ecology Routledge & Paul, 1966

Robert C. Trojanowicz, Merry Morash, and Pamela Schram. Juvenile Delinquency Concepts and Control, 6th Edition. Prentice Hall: 2000.

Walter B. Miller. The Growth of Youth Gang Problems in the United States: 1970-98. U.S. Department of Justice: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. April, 2001.

Juvenile Gangs
Gangs have been thorns on the flesh of the citizens of the United States no wonder they have occupied a prominent position in American criminological literature. Gang wars between the Crips and the Bloods in Los Angeles are testament to the gang culture among certain communities in the United States. As opposed to the Dutch youth who are interested in music and romance of the West Side Story, especially the video clips and compact disc with gangster rap, the Americans juveniles appear to have negative associations (Klein, 2001). The language of the youngsters perceived to be engaging in juvenile gang activities is characterized by hyperbole and contains refers to competition and violence. The youth style personified by rappers like Tupac Shakur and Notorious B.I.G. who appeared to talk about the hard life in their neighborhoods referred to juvenile gangs. This research paper seeks to review literature on criminal gangs…...

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References List

Defleur, L.B. (1967). Delinquent Gangs in Cross-Cultural Perspective: the Case of Cordoba.

Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 4(1), 132-141.

Flores, J.R. (2006). Juvenile Offenders and Victims: 2006 National Report. Retrieved from  http://www.eric.ed.gov/PDFS/ED495786.pdf 

Klein, M. (2001). The Eurogang Paradox: Street Gangs and Youth Groups in the U.S. And Europe. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers.

Teenage curfews have been a controversial topic for many years, with proponents arguing that they help reduce crime and increase public safety, while opponents claim they unfairly restrict the liberties of young people. In this essay, we will examine the effects of teenage curfews on crime rates and public safety, exploring whether these measures are truly effective in preventing delinquent behavior and promoting community well-being. By analyzing the research and data surrounding this issue, we will be able to better understand the implications of curfews for teenagers and society as a whole.
In recent years, several studies have attempted to evaluate....

Do Teenage Curfews Decrease Crime Rates and Improve Public Safety?
The implementation of teenage curfews has been a controversial topic for many years, with proponents arguing that they enhance public safety and deter juvenile crime, while opponents maintain that they infringe upon the rights of youth and are ineffective in reducing criminal activity. While research on this issue has produced mixed results, the weight of evidence suggests that teenage curfews have a limited impact on crime rates and may even have negative consequences for young people.
Arguments in Favor of Teenage Curfews
Reduce Juvenile Crime: Proponents of curfews argue that they reduce....

1. The effectiveness of different types of interventions for substance abuse in youth in Singapore.
2. The role of family support in the treatment of substance abuse in youth in Singapore.
3. The impact of cultural and societal factors on substance abuse in youth in Singapore and their treatment.
4. The relationship between mental health issues and substance abuse in youth in Singapore and how it influences treatment.
5. The availability and accessibility of treatment programs for substance abuse in youth in Singapore.
6. The effectiveness of peer support programs in helping youth overcome substance abuse in Singapore.
7. The role of schools and educators in....