Constructivism is based in a socio-political framework and must be interpreted according to the specific moral proclamations that pervade the minds of the inhabitants of a nation and also the leaders who put forth such laws. Social constructivists would argue that the Kashmiri people have endured a painful history full of bloodshed due to international conflicts. The formation of Kashmir as an independent nation has yet to come, but is possible if leaders from India, china, and Pakistan concur that the Kashmiri people should determine the fate of the region instead of the continual violent conflicts that persist. This dilemma prohibits the possibility of federalism.
Federalism is a means of erecting a singular government with power sharing at the regional and national level. Currently, Kashmir is not a self-sustaining nation with a functional government structure. India, which controls one region of Kashmir, has the most input and is on constant…...

Kashmir
The issue of whether the region of Kashmir should be an independent state, part of India, or part of Pakistan, has been a source of serious conflict ever since India and Pakistan were partitioned into two different countries in 1947. When that partition occurred, the two new countries were divided along largely religious lines: most residents of the new country of India was Hindi, while most residents of the new country of Pakistan were Muslim. Kashmir, however, did not have any one dominant religion that could guide its destiny. The issue of who should govern Kashmir has been a source of contention and three wars since 1947 along with persistent border disputes.

Part of the difficulty is that the two regional powers, India and Pakistan, both feel that Kashmir should be part of their respective country. However, many Kashmiris feel that Kashmir should be its own independent state and will be…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Hardgrave, Robert L., Jr. 1998. Kashmir 1947: burdens of the past, options for the future - four perspectives. The Journal of Commonwealth & Comparative Politics, March.

Kumar, Manav. 2005.The Hidden Conflict: False Optimism and Silent Strategy in Kashmir. Harvard International Review 26.

Kumar, Radha. 2002. Untying the Kashmir knot. World Policy Journal, March.

Kashmir Dispute
Kashmir is at the heart of a dispute between Pakistan and India. This dispute has been ongoing for more than 50 years, and does not show any easy or immediate way of being resolved. The background of the dispute is a boundary. There is a line of control that runs through Kashmir. It divides the region in two. One area is generally governed and monitored by India, while the other side is controlled by Pakistan (The future, n.d.).

The boundary is not a formal one, however, so there are still arguments over where it is located and if it should be located somewhere else. India is happy with the boundary as it stands, and would like to see it made official, formal, and permanent right where it is. However, Pakistan does not agree with this assessment. That country would like greater control over more of Kashmir, so it wants…...

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References

The future of Kashmir. (n.d.). Kashmir Flashpoint. BBC News. Retrieved from:  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/shared/spl/hi/south_asia/03/kashmir_future/html/default.stm

oth the Maharaja and the Prime Minister agreed to these terms and on October 26 the Maharaja signed the Instrument of Accession (GlobalSecurity.org 2009)." Indeed, the First Kashmir War had three major personalities / entities vying for control or maintenance thereof of the disputed region; the Indian and Pakistani governments and the Maharaja of Kashmir. Despite wanting to remain independent, the Maharaja could not do so because of the power that could be yielded on him by either Pakistan or India. With Pakistan initiating the hostilities, the Maharaja had no recourse but to ask for India's help albeit the high price of accession required by India.
With the war seeing no end during 1948, "Indian leaders had to approach the United Nations who ultimately introduced Observers in June 1948. A UN brokered cease-fire went into effect on January 1, 1949 (GlobalSecurity.org 2009)." In the same manner as how the Korean…...

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Bibliography:

GlobalSecurity.org. Indo-Pakistani Conflict of 1947-48. 21 Feb. 2009. 06 Jan. 2009. .

Worthview. Causes of Kashmir Conflict. 21 Feb. 2009. 02 Jun. 2011. .

Additionally, it is important to note that the perceptual nature of truth, even as it is unexamined does not in itself make truth genuine -- and that all is not relative. Instead:
Bhaskar contrasts a relative and developing ethical naturalism with a rational moral realism. Ethical naturalism is at the level of moral rules designed to guide actions, and these change over time with changes in our ethical concepts (for example, "slave," "person"). Underlying these is a moral realism which grounds our ethics and which can be rationally discovered via analysis of the changing nature of ourselves, our needs and our society. Bhaskar speaks of "ethical alethia, ultimately grounded in conceptions of human nature" (DPF 211). It is moral realism that prevents ethical naturalism from being an arbitrary matter internal to a culture (Irwin, 1997).

If then, there is a way to view the "facts" or events according to this moral…...

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Works Cited

Basden, Andrew. (2004). "Bhaskar's Critical Realism." Web site. Retrieved on November 21, 2004, from, Copyright BBC. British Broadcasting Company. (2002). "Q&a: Kashmir Dispute." Web site. Retrieved on November 21, 2004, from,  http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/world/353352 .http://www.isi.salford.ac.uk/dooy/ext/bhaskar.html.

Irwin, Louis. (1997). "Critical Realism." Web site. Retrieved on November 21, 2004, from,  http://www.raggedclaws.com/criticalrealism/index.php?sitesig=WSCR&page=WSCR_060_WSCR_Glossary&subpage=WSCR_130_Ethical_Naturalism_and_Moral_Realism 

Kaboub, Fidel. (2000) "Roy Bhaskar's Critical Realism: A Brief Overview and a Critical Evaluation." Web site. Retrieved on November 21, 2004, from, http://f.students.umkc.edu/fkfc8/BhaskarCR.htm

Walsh, Christine. (2003). "The Kashmir Conflict." Web site. Retrieved on November 21, 2004, from,  http://www.indianewengland.com/news/2003/04/15/Community/Kashmir.Conflict.In.N.h-410521.shtml

How Compellence by Indian and Pakistan has Prolonged the Kashmir Question Introduction
The partition of British India into the two independent nations in August 1947 was intended to create coexisting, peaceful homelands for the Hindus and Sikhs in India and Moslems in Pakistan. Since that time, however, India and Pakistan have waged three shooting wars over the hotly disputed territories of Kashmir where each nation claims ownership. Today, an uneasy ceasefire exists along the line of control established following the first such war in 1963, but each side accuses the other of inciting new hostilities through armed provocative incursions into disputed regions of Kashmir. With both India and Pakistan possessing a nuclear arsenal with inadequate and unpredictable command and control, it is reasonable to suggest that a conventional war that started between these two belligerents may not end that way. Against this backdrop, determining why Kashmir has remained a major source of…...

Indian nationalism as a response to the British presence in India as of 1945, from the standpoint of your role in the game (i.e. from Maharaj)
"Outlining the reasons why democracy should not prevail in Kashmir" (quoted from your role sheet) 3. As Maharaja of Kashmir, you wish your territory to be left intact. You do not want a united and democratic India under the rule of the INC. Your paper needs to provide a principled defense of that objective.

Who Am I?

There are many, many reasons why I do not want democracy for Kashmir, but the logical way to approach this would be first to tell you something about myself and then to detail my reasons against democracy:

I was born on September 23, 1895 and am the great grandson of Maharaja Gulab Singh. I pride myself on possessing many of his values but at the same time am also Western-educated…...

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References

Hyland, JL. Democratic theory: the philosophical foundations. Manchester, England, UK; New York, New York, USA: Manchester University Press ND, 1995.

Kofmel E. (ed). Anti-Democratic Thought. Charlottesville, Virginia, USA: Imprint Academic, 2008.

MAHARAJAS, THE DESPOTS

http://www.kashmiralight.com/html/maharajas.html

' Indians across the political spectrum, especially the country's powerful nuclear weapons establishment, are critical of the NPT, arguing that it unfairly warps international hierarchies to the disadvantage of the non-nuclear-weapon states" (1998:15). In its efforts to balance the pressures from the international community with its own self-interests in formulating foreign policies, the position adopted by India has been starkly different than other countries. In this regard, Karp concludes that, "Most states party to the NPT accept the unfairness of the treaty as a tradeoff that serves their own and global interests. India's leaders insist that fair and genuine nuclear disarmament must start with the nuclear-weapon states themselves, a demand formalized by former Prime Minister ajiv Gandhi in his 1990 global nuclear disarmament initiative" (Karp 1998:14).
As a result of these events, the 20th century witnessed the formation of various positions in Indian foreign policy that would endure throughout the Cold…...

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References

Berlin, D.L. 2006 "India in the Indian Ocean." Naval War College Review 59(2): 58-59.

Chollett, D. & Lindberg, T. 2007 "A Moral Core for U.S. Foreign Policy." Policy Review 146: 3-

4.

Davis, C.B. & Rill, L.A. 2008 "Testing the Second Level of Agenda Setting: Effects of News

Similarly, the Blithewold Gardens, located in Bristol, RI, were specifically constructed to take advantage of the garden's proximity to water in the form of Narragansett Bay. ithin its 33 acres, Blithewold contains several garden types, including a rock garden, a rose garden, a display garden, a garden designed for celebrations and functions, and its water garden and rock garden located near the shore.
Thus, another similarity Blithewold shares with Shalimar is the fact that it is segmented based upon the intended functionality of the design of the garden. For example, "the more formal North Garden whose lush, deep borders are the background for weddings and other social functions" ("Blithewold Gardens," Blithewold Mansion, Gardens & Arboretum, 2009). The North Garden is designed to showcase the human beings that inhabit it. In contrast, the ater Garden is designed as a place of solitary reflection.

Like Shalimar, Blithewold was once designed as a private…...

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Works Cited

"Blithewold Gardens." Blithewold Mansion, Gardens & Arboretum. 2009.

[November 8, 2011].  http://www.blithewold.org/gardens 

"Shalimar Gardens." Arch Net. [November 8, 2011].

 http://archnet.org/library/sites/one-site.jsp?site_id=8861

For example, the word "ring" connotes a wedding ring and it also refers more directly to the "ring of boots" at her feet. The word "lifted" also has a double meaning, one literal and one metaphorical. The mother remembers literally lifting her baby boy in the bathtub, but she contemplates how he is being "lifted" or stolen by his fiance. Her baby boy is leaving her. The word "bedded" also connotes two different things, suggesting both sex but also finality as she describes the feeling wedding ring being permanently em-bedded on a person's finger.
6. The first stanza of Agha Shahid Ali's poem "Postcard from Kashmir" is filled with hope and optimism, delivered mainly by the word "neat." Written from a youthful perspective, the word "neat" is often used as slang like the word "cool" is. Moreover, the word "neat" is used to described his humble yet poor home. The…...

Peace Treat between India and Pakistan:
The primary objective of the peace process is 1) to expand and intensify people to people contact, 2) broaden and consolidate the peace process by encouraging new associations as well as those groups who have been operating for enduring peace in South Asia for the preceding 58 years, and 3) give enhanced ethical, academic, community and cultural resources to assist in maintaining long-lasting peace.

The peace treaty should read:

Both governments should welcome and support the peace process by engaging in a composite dialogue between directed towards creating righteous and long-lasting peace in South Asia.

The ultimate settlement on issues, of Kashmir, international terrorism and nuclear weapons, between, both, India and Pakistan, ought to be founded on the Doctrine of Peaceful Co-Existence, that is, autonomous parity, non-violence, non-intrusion, mutual and shared advantage, and nonviolent co-existence

Both governments should agree that the ultimate settlement ought to, in addition, preserve…...

history of events in the twentieth century, one might surmise that the twenty-first may not be all that different. Why? ecause human nature and the pursuit of self-interest has not changed from one century to the next. To explain what drives international relations, Joshua Goldstein provides a brief history of the world, in addition to information about the geographical features and the consequences of different nation's economies. (Goldstein, 2003) The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by relative peace in the world. The Franco-Prussian wars were at least three decades into the past. Nobody would envision that the worst horrors of a global scale wars were in the near future. In as much as Goldstein avers that the First World War was wholly unnecessary and it was, at least in its inception, a macho exercise (p. 37), one can believe that war is part of human nature.
After the…...

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Bibliography

Goldstein, J.S. International Relations. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

Tacitus, C., and Birley, A.R. Agricola; and Germany. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

If it isn't demons, idols, and black magic, it's sex -- the most repressed impulse in the estern-Christian tradition.
During and after his time in the court of Kubla Khan, one notices an increased tone of rationality in the narrative. Less exoticized details of the life of people in the Orient begin to emerge, such as food and clothing habit, but the earlier sensationalism is not lost entirely -- perhaps cannot be, as it is such an engrained part of the estern perspective when viewing the sights of Asia. He travels to a region he identifies as "Bengala," which according to Latham is likely Bengal but could possibly be Pegu, which was in the process of being conquered during the time of the Great Khan's court (Latham, 189). Though this passage also contains a brief and simple message about the main sources of sustenance for the people in this region,…...

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Works Cited

Polo, Marco (attributed). The Travels of Marco Polo, Ronald Latham. New York: Penguin, 1958.

He had an engineering degree from the university of Swansea in ritain. He too participated in the afghan war and was a friend of in laden since the late eighties. He was the emissary of bin laden in Philippines and trained the Muslim fundamentalists there. He made his way into the U.S. without a visa and continued his stay there by seeking political asylum. He was a skilled expert in making chemical bombs. In 1995, Yousef was arrested by Pakistani authorities and in the next year he was sentenced to 240 years of imprisonment in the U.S. For his role in the WTO bombing.
Rex a. Hudson]

Conclusion

Terrorism has expanded into every nook and corner of the world today. A terrorist today, does not appear with a distinctive personality but rather blends with the society leaving security experts with little clue. While organized crimes are mostly economically motivated, terrorism is on…...

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Bibliography

Rex a. Hudson, "The sociology and psychology of terrorism: Who Becomes a terrorist and why?," Sept 1999, Library of Congress, Accessed 19th November 2007, available at  http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Soc_Psych_of_Terrorism.pdf 

BBC, "Profile: Mullah Mohammed Omar," Accessed 19th November 2007, available at  http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/south_asia/1550419.stm 

Frank Bovenkerk, "Terrorism and Organized Crime," Accessed 19th November 2007, available at http://igitur-archive.library.uu.nl/law/2006-0803-203003/bovenkerk_05_terrorism_and_organized.doc

Threat Analysis
A Foreign Intelligence Entity (FIE) can be delineated as any identified or suspected foreign organization, individual, or group, whether private, public, or governmental, that undertakes intelligence activities to obtain United States information, block or damage U.S. intelligence gathering, impact U.S. policy, or mess up U.S. systems and programs. In particular, this term takes into account an international terrorist organization and also a foreign intelligence and security service.[footnoteef:1] The FIE considered in this essay is Pakistani's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI). Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence (ISI) is the nation's biggest of its five intelligence services. Pakistan is deemed to be one of the fast-paced and rapidly developing nations in the [1: Center for Development of Security Excellence. "Counter Intelligence Awareness Glossary." CDSE, 2017.]

South Asian expanse. Owing to the country's strategic positioning in the core of all the nuclear adversaries, it had grown and develop to become of the best intelligence services globally with…...

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References

Capriz, Marco, and Kelly George. "Pakistan Inter Services Intelligence Directorate." (2014).

Center for Development of Security Excellence. "Counter Intelligence Awareness Glossary." CDSE. (2017). Retrieved from:  http://www.cdse.edu/documents/toolkits-fsos/ci-definitions.pdf 

Pakistan Defence. "ISI Pakistan Inter-Services Intelligence". (2006). Retrieved from:  https://defence.pk/pdf/threads/isi-pakistan-inter-services-intelligence.551/ 

Roberts, Mark J. Pakistan's Inter-Services Intelligence Directorate: A State within a State?. NATIONAL DEFENSE UNIV WASHINGTON DC INST FOR NATIONAL STRATEGIC STUDIES, 2008.

1. The history of Pakistan's independence and partition from India in 1947
2. The impact of British colonialism on Pakistan's development and society
3. The role of religion in shaping politics and society in Pakistan
4. Women's rights and gender equality in Pakistan
5. The education system in Pakistan and challenges to access and quality
6. The Kashmir conflict and its implications for Pakistan's foreign policy
7. The impact of terrorism and extremism on Pakistan's security and stability
8. The economy of Pakistan and challenges to growth and development
9. The cultural diversity and heritage of Pakistan
10. The role of media and technology in shaping public opinion and....

The Impact of Colonialism on Pakistan's Development

The colonial era in Pakistan left a profound impact on the country's socio-economic and political trajectory. British rule, beginning in the 19th century, introduced a series of economic, institutional, and social changes that shaped the course of Pakistan's development.

One of the most significant impacts was the introduction of a capitalist economic system. The British established a plantation economy, extracting raw materials from the subcontinent for export. This led to a shift in land ownership patterns, as traditional communal lands were converted into private property. The resulting displacement of farmers and artisans from their livelihoods....