S. effort must follow certain guidelines in any such efforts, like for example, it must perforce be for the innate purpose of changing, or propping up the regime. It must also deploy large numbers of U.S. ground troops, and it must also involve these troops, as well as large numbers of civilians in the basic political administration of the country. (U.S. Involvement in Nation Building before Iraq) If all three of these criterions are met, then it can be termed as a nation building effort, as it happened in Germany after the World War II was concluded in May 1945, after which the victorious French and British and American and Soviet forces set about occupying particular zones in Germany, and in setting up military governments. (U.S. Involvement in Nation Building before Iraq)
It was in 1947 that the multi-billion dollar 'Marshall Plan' was created, with the purpose of rebuilding and also…...
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References
Clarke, Richard A. (21 November, 2004) "Book Review of 'What we owe Iraq', a War of Ideas"
Policy Advisement on Efficacy of Nation Building in Iraq
Dear Mr. President and Mr. Secretary of State,
After a decade to examine the consequences of America's decision to invade Iraq -- and engage in a massive nation building effort after successfully ousting the brutal Baath Party dictatorship of Saddam Hussein -- it has become abundantly clear that a war fought under false pretenses can never be productive in a geopolitical sense. As foreign policy scholars have observed in the wake of your predecessor's calamitous course of action, "President Bush said that our goal was a unified, democratic Iraq that could govern itself, sustain itself, defend itself, and serve as an ally in the 'ar on Terror' & #8230; (but) it's apparent that no part of this goal has been achieved, and that the progress made toward them is fleeting" (Babbin, 2012). This is why the administration's current commitment to a more responsible…...
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Works Cited
Babbin, Jed. "Iraq in the Rearview Mirror." American Spectator. 22 Dec 2011: Web. 27
Oct. 2013. .
Brooks, David. "Nation Building Works." New York Times. 30 Aug 2010, A2. Web. 27 Oct.
Building and Nation building in Iraq -- Present and Future Perspectives
Over the course of the current United States administration's involvement in Iraq,
President Bush has paid much lip service to the importance of multilateral action and to forming an international coalition when establishing a democratic regime within the nation, after the ousting of the tyrant Saddam Hussein from power. However, the lack of international support for the Iraqi mission 'Operation Freedom' has forced the U.S. To essentially 'go it alone,' except for the moral and military support of Prime Minister Tony Blair's British forces. France, the traditional gadfly of European politics, has repeatedly condemned U.S. cowboy tactics in the Middle East. The United Nations weapon inspectors failed to find any weapons of mass destruction within Iraq. In light of terrorist activity and the resulting election results in Spain, all events point to decreased international coalition support for United States goals…...
This includes putting in place international legal systems, dispute resolution mechanisms as well as cooperative arrangements.14 The call this approach social peace-building or structural peace-building. Such peace-building involves "creating structures -- systems of behavior, institutions, concerted actions -- that support the embodiment or implementation of a peace culture."15
This is what the author's call multi-track diplomacy. It involves individuals who are not normally involved in the peace process, particularly business people or other professionals (e.g., academics, sports teams, etc.). In such a situation, it is important to create structures and systems of behavior, institutions and concerted actions that support the embodiment or implementation of a peace culture. It is about building an economic, military and community infrastructure and providing concrete and realistic avenues through which a new peace system might express itself. Structures are terribly necessary because political peacebuilding cannot accomplish conflict transformation by itself. After all, a signed treaty…...
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Works Cited
Amanpour, Christiane. "America Remembers, Part II." CNN.com Transcripts. CNN, August 24, 2002. Web. 6 Dec 2011. .
Rubin and Ahmed Rashid. "From Great Game to Grand Bargain: Ending Chaos in Afghanistan and Pakistan." Foreign Affairs, 2008, 30.
Belasco, Amy. United States Congress. Congressional Research Service. Cost of Iraq, Afghanistan, and Other Global War on Terror Operations Since 9/11. Washington, D.C.: G.P.O., 2011.
Brzezinski, Zbigniew . "The CIA Intervention in Afghanistan ." Center for Research on Globalisation. Globalresearch.ca, 15 October 2001. Web. 5 Dec 2011. .
He proposed that in this kind of government, it will do away with the tradition of 'monarchy,' likened to the British form of government, wherein powered is concentrated on one individual alone. Moreover, in advocating for the new American government, Madison argued that with the British ruling over the American people, the new government is a better option, the 'lesser evil' of the two: "[t]he bulk of the people will probably prefer the lesser evil of a partition of the Union into three more practicable and energetic Governments" (237).
This argument in the letter was not an unfounded statement. Prior to declaring the new government as the better option for American society, Madison enumerated the numerous problems that emerged from the 'iron hand' that Britain used in ruling its colony (America). From his letter, the rising conflict between Americans and the British became apparent, and the external transition happened as…...
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Work cited:
Davis, D. And S. Mintz (Eds.). 1998. The boisterous sea of liberty: a documentary history of America from discovery through the Civil War. NY: Oxford University Press.
North Africa Nation Building
Authoritarian regimes in the Middle East and North Africa have been collapsing unexpectedly over the past year, or at least are under severe challenge by their own people for the first time in decades. In Tunisia, the first North African country to overthrow an entrenched dictatorship, the recent elections appear to have been free and fair, resulting in the election of a moderate Islamic government and the other nations of the region will be fortunate indeed if they are able to follow this model. In Libya, the United Nations Security Council has just called for an end to NATO military operations and a transition to democracy with respect for the rule of law and human rights. Moreover, the UN has insisted on respect for human rights in Egypt and a full investigation of recent clashes between Christians and Muslims there. In both Libya and Egypt, the danger…...
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REFERENCES
The African Union Sends an Observer Mission to Tunisia. African Union Press Release N"133/2011, Addis Ababa, October 20, 2011.
Illy, Ousseni and Omobolaji. "Assessing the Broader Implications of the Middle East Protests: A West African Perspective." Global Economic Governance Programme, April 2011.
Building Coalitions
Early on in my career I recognized that building coalitions was a highly regarded quality within the federal government, and it became my goal to be respected by both civilian and military leaders. Throughout the course of my career, I have been able to build strong relationships with many outstanding colleagues and have been involved with successful actions at high levels of government which have allowed me ample opportunities to build strong networks and support systems. There are four important examples of coalition building that I would like to discuss here.
The first example was my colleague's recommendation that I be chosen to represent women in the military on a commemorative stamp issued for that purpose. I was surprised and delighted that I had built a strong enough relationship with this colleague to be recommended for this honor. Even though there were hundreds of applicants interviewed, I was selected and…...
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Another important example of building coalitions comes from my work at the Office of the Secretary of Veterans Affairs. There are many high-level interconnected government relationships that I must deal with daily, and have been working in this job since 1998 at the cabinet level. I hold the title of Senior Civilian Protocol Officer and must communicate both policy and guidance to VA employees throughout the world. In addition to working with these individuals, I also work with Congressional committee staff, White House staff, and those in other governmental organizations, which allows me to learn about and communicate with many different kinds of people on many different levels.
The fourth and final example of building coalitions comes from 2000, when I led a team of 50 individuals to establish and create the USO Exhibit located in the Pentagon. Now in it's fifth year, the exhibit is viewed by over 100,000 tourists per year, and cost $50,000 to create. During the creation of the exhibit, I coordinated staff policy, maintained focus, and met goals and objectives for the Secretary of Defense. For our performance, my team and I received honor awards; I also received the Secretary of Defense Meritorious Service Award.
The performance that I have continued to give to each organization that I have been involved with throughout my career has helped me to win support for many of my ideas and has created important relationships with many colleagues. Leadership roles are valuable to me, and I ensure that customer complaints are handled properly and new procedures are implemented, as well as ensuring that there is a consensus developed among all of those that are participating in a particular project so that it can run smoothly and be completed on time. By building coalitions I have the opportunity to share my experience and to help others with their skills.
Many argue if Gen. Patton truly made the above remarks, but he had a clear understanding of the importance of logistics. After the Normandy landing that occurred in the year 1944 in August as the allied forced France against Germany offensively, the third Army of General Patton went short of fuel and they had to cut short their advance (Neubauer, 2011).
According to Martin Van Creveld, several operations of the allied in the European theater, in the course of the Second World War, were implemented and frequently cancelled with reasons of logistics. This clearly displayed how logistics can limit the operations of the military if they are not well and managed properly. Operations of the military rely on logistics on all the existing levels, tactical, strategic, and operational. Strategic logistics usually assist the government with information useful in building, projecting and sustaining the power of military over time using its…...
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References
Parry, G., & Graves, a. (2008). Build to order: The road to the 5-day car. London: Springer.
Neubauer, R.M. (2011). Business Models in the Area of Logistics: In Search of Hidden Champions, their Business Principles, and Common Industry Misperceptions. Wiesbaden: Gabler.
Zanjirani, R., Asgari, N. & Davarzani, H. (2009). Supply chain and logistics in national, international, and governmental environment: Concepts and models. Heidelberg: Physica
Building Security Evaluation: Baltimore-Washington Thurgood Marshall International Airport
Just a couple of decades ago, travelers, visitors and virtually anyone else could walk freely through the nation's airports without being challenged at any point, and security considerations were generally restricted to concerns over possible so-called "skyjackings" to Cuba, but even these were rare. Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, though, all of this changed in fundamental ways as airports across the country implemented a wide range of security measures intended to prevent a recurrence of these deadly security breaches. Indeed, today, security at the nation's airports has never been stricter, and despite the time and trouble these initiatives have created for air travelers, most passengers today appear to accept these measures in stride as part of the post-September 11 climate. To determine what security measures have been taken in a specific airport facility, this paper provides an evaluation of building…...
Ramstack, T. & Lively, T. (2004, January 7). BWI airport police search entering cars; action taken as a Code Orange precaution. The Washington Times, C08.
Wallis, R. (2003). How safe are our skies? Assessing the airlines' response to terrorism. Westport, CT: Praeger.
In fact, the superficiality of nation-statehood is merely presumed. There is no concrete reason to question the organic nature of the nation-state. The nation-state emerged on the heels of the Enlightenment (Anderson).
Historians cannot escape writing natural histories; writing natural histories is certainly preferable to penning unnatural histories. In Korea, "through the practice of state-sponsored rituals, the building of monuments, and the compilations of official histories, narratives about the collective 'self' were continuously generated," (Em 336 . These are the very same processes of nation-state building as take place anywhere in the world. The process of nation-state and subsequent identity formation is inescapable and therefore natural.
Nation-statehood is still an artifice, though, in the same way that religion can be considered an artifice. In the past, before the term nation-state was used to define and delimit geo-political boundaries, there were two prevailing means of defining groups of people, Anderson notes. Those…...
This was one of the factors that led to the foundation of the EU, as small, less powerful nations united in an effort to gain and hold power in a collective effort (Tyldesley). Therefore, in the "Five Lenses" and especially so in the case of EU, power is in essence the coin of the realm. In other words, without holding a superior position to others, class structure would not really help any coalition, as the ability to leverage into more lucrative relationships would not exist.
Risk- Any coalition is extremely risky; referring back to the earlier elements, there is the possibility of losing power or coming out of the collaborative effort worse off than when the effort was entered into.
Risk being understood, when looking at the coalition that has come to be known as the EU is extremely risky, especially when one considers the turbulent and violent past of Europe…...
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Works Cited
Borowiec, Andrew. "EU Expansion Sows Doubt About the Future." World and I October 2004: 10.
66). St. Justinus' was influenced by St. Caster at Coblenz and churches Michaelstadt and Seligenstadt (Fegusson & Spiers p. 220). The columns and roofs are of cultural interest and the massive Gothic choir and its original seating still exist.
3.4. Significances
St. Justinus' has undergone changes over the years. In 1298 the relics of St. Justinus' were transferred to the mother church St. Margaret who in turn dedicated the church. In 1419 the Antoniter order made numerous altercations to the church including the building of the gothic chancel. In the early 18th century the church added an organ that is mostly intact today (The American Organist). In the 1930s and the 1980s St. Justinus' underwent restoration; today the church belongs to the parish of St. Josef in the Frankfurt district of Roman Catholic Diocese of Limburg (aedekers Frankfurt).
Crusades:
4. Krak des Chevaliers, Syria (AD 1144 -- 1250) -- 950 words
4.1. ackground
The Krak…...
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Bibliography Page
Albright, W.F. (1936), "Archaeological Exploration and Excavation in Palestine and Syria, 1935," American Journal of Archaeology (Archaeological Institute of America) 40 (1): 154 -- 167
Baedekers Frankford: a city guide series. Prentice Hall Press, 1987. Print.
Bennett, M. The Hutchinson dictionary of ancient and medieval warfare. Chicago, Il: Helicon Publishing, 1998. Print.
Billings, Malcolm. The Crusades: Five Centuries of Holy Wars. New York: Sterling
Using the Cultural Dimensions Model to analyze the differences in cultures, the sources of potential disconnect can be seen in the wide variation in PDI (Power Distance Index), Individuality (IDV), Uncertainty Avoidance (UAI) and long-term orientation (LTO). This graphic is derived using the interactive charting feature on Geert Hofstede's website, which is available to anyone online.
Source: http://www.geert-hofstede.com/hofstede_dimensions.php?culture1=95&culture2=72#compare
On cultural level alone there are major disconnects between the U.S. And omanian teams. The greatest difference is on the IDV dimension, which shows how the U.S. culture values initiative and individuality much more than their omanian counterparts. This explains the major disconnect in how time and sense of urgency is responsible for the majority of change management initiatives failing (Kirca, Hult, 2009). The article concludes with a model the author defines in Appendix a, yet this does not go far enough to explain and overcome the major differences in cultural mindsets and…...
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References
Charles R. Franz. (2004). Building a Business Program in Romania: Creating and Sustaining Change. International Journal of Public Administration, 27(11,12), 931-961.
Geert Hofstede, & Robert R. McCrae. (2004). Personality and Culture Revisited: Linking Traits and Dimensions of Culture. Cross - Cultural Research, 38(1), 52-88.
Hatum, a., Pettigrew, a., & Michelini, J.. (2010). Building Organizational Capabilities to Adapt Under Turmoil. Journal of Change Management, 10(3), 257.
Ahmet H. Kirca, & G. Tomas M. Hult. (2009). Intra-organizational factors and market orientation: effects of national culture. International Marketing Review, 26(6), 633-650.
The sixth point is that they accept credit cards and other cards, so that the customers find it easy to pay for the purchase, and the company also can ensure that they do not end up losing any money due to cheating by the customers. All these points are important and have to be covered within the plans for the new organization of instantwheel.com. Even with this, since this site will be the newest of all sites, it will have a natural disadvantage. To cover this disadvantage up, it would be better to tie up or purchase an organization which has existed for a long time, so that 'a wealth of experience' can be claimed for instantwheel.com.
Unique Selling Position
For any business to be a successful business, the organization has to have a Unique selling position. This means that this particular position sets them apart from other business in that…...
Each onion router removes a layer of encryption to uncover routing instructions, and sends the message to the next router where this is repeated. This prevents these intermediary nodes from knowing the origin, destination, and contents of the message.
1.4.
Lecture Survey.
The predicted solution of the problems related to e-government administration depends on answering the following questions as brainstorming ideas to solve the problem and the features provided by the system or application.
1. An important step for processing of e-Government.
2. To ensure the confidentiality of information such as contracts for military weapons and other by Providing a high level of security as it is based on singing the data by combining multiple key values like user id, date stamp and transaction id which produce an encrypted key utilized and used only internally by the system for authentication and validation of user privileges. This procedure would make it virtually impossible to falsify…...
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References
Averyt, William. (2005). E-Government Reconsidered: Renewal of Governance for the Knowledge Age. American Review of Canadian Studies 35(4): 769-770.
Chaffee, a. (2000-08-17). "What is a web application (or "webapp")?"
Cohen, JE. (2000). Examined Lives: Informational Privacy and the Subject as Object. Stanford Law Review 52(5): 1373.
Bourquard, J.A. (2003, March). What's Up with E-Government? Digital Government Isn't a Silver Bullet, but as Part of a Long-Term Plan it May Provide a Means to Reduce State
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