Parent Involvement and Student Academic Performance: A Multiple Mediational Analysis
David R. Topor, Susan P. Keane, Terri L. Shelton, and Susan D. Calkins
Numerous studies have shown a clear positive relationship between the involvement of a parent in a child's education, and the academic performance of the child. This particular study seeks to explore the mechanisms of the said association. On that front, only two potential mechanisms are taken into consideration. These, according to the authors, include; 1) the quality of the relationship between the teacher and the student, and 2) the child's perception of cognitive competence. A total of one hundred and fifty eight 7-year-olds participated in this study. The sample also included their teachers and mothers. It is important to note that data was in this case sourced from three key centers; the child, their mothers, and teachers -- with the gathering of data from the first two centers taking…...
MILITAY DEPLOYED PAENT PECEPTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE EDUCATION OF THEI CHILDEN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDYbyLiberty UniversityA Dissertation Presented in Partial FulfillmentOf the equirements for the DegreeDoctor of EducationLiberty University2021MILITAY DEPLOYED PAENT PECEPTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE EDUCATION OF THEI CHILDEN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDYbyJohn G. BennettA Dissertation Presented in Partial FulfillmentOf the equirements for the DegreeDoctor of EducationAPPOVED BY:Ed.D. Committee ChairEd.D. Committee MemberABSTACTThe purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study is to explore the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their childs education. For this purpose, this study will develop an informed answer to the following research question: What are the perceptions of deployed militaryparents regarding active involvement in their childs education? The study will use the theory of Epstein regarding the triangle relationship between parents, teachers, and the community to help explore and make sense of the stories and experiences of parents who have or are currently…...
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Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271833455_Theoretical_Frameworks_Methods_and_Procedures_for_Conducting_Phenomenological_Studies_in_Educational_SettingsAPPENDIX A: LIBERTY UNIVERSITY IRB APPROVALWill includes once Submitted and Approved SEEKING VOLUNTEERS FOR A RESEARCH STUDYThe purpose of study: To explore the experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. Participation Requirements:To participate in the study you must currently be deployed or previously deployed within the past two years and have pre-K-12 school-aged children that are enrolled in school outside of the homeParticipation in this study involves:· Face-to-Face interview or online interview with the researcher (approximately 45-60 minutes). Interview will be audio-recorded, but pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.· Online focus group with several other participants. The session will be recorded for transcription. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality· Document for Analysis: Participants will be ask to provide relevant documents (if available) for analysis. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.To find out more information about this study, please contact John Bennett at:Phone: (860) 213-4464Email: Study Title: Military Deployed Parents’ Perceptions Of Involvement In The Education Of Their Children While Deployed.Principal Investigator:John Bennett Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: John BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 APPENDIX B: RECRUITMENT FLYERAPPENDIX C: INFORMED CONSENTCONSENT FORMMILITARY DEPLOYED PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE EDUCATION OF THEIR CHILDREN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDYJohn G. BennettLiberty UniversitySchool of EducationGeneral Overview of Study: You are invited to be in a research study investigating the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. You were selected as a possible participants because you are currently deployed or previously deployed and have pre-K-12 school-aged children that are currently enrolled in school. Please read this form and ask any questions you may have before agreeing to be in the study.John G. Bennett, doctoral candidate in the School of Education at Liberty University, is conducting this study.Background Information: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. This will provide a foundation of understanding that can assist educational stakeholders and the military community in filling the void created by a deployed parent with the goal tohelp the student of the deployed parent.Procedures: If you consent to be a part of this study, you will be ask to do the following:1. Complete a questionnaire that includes preliminary demographic data, such as age, race, military affiliation and years of service. The questionnaire will also consist of three open-ended questions and should take approximately 30 minutes to complete2. Participate in a face-to-face or online interview with the researcher. Interviews will be conducted in a predesignated location (chosen by you). Each interview will last for approximately 45-60 minutes. Interview will be audio-recorded, but pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.3. Participate in an online focus group through which several prepared questions will be answered. Participants will be gathered in on online forum for 45-60 minutes using a videoconferencing software such as ZOOM. The online session will be recorded for transcription. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.4. Provide relevant document for analysis: You will be ask to provide (if available) documents such as journals, letters and email correspondence with teachers pertaining to your children. These documents will be analysis to gain further insight into the issues that deployed parents face. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.Risks: The risks involved in this study are minimal and are no more than what participants encounter in everyday life. If you experience discomfort while taking part in this study, you may choose to stop participating at any time.Benefits: The direct benefits participants should expect to receive from taking part in this study will be understanding the perceptions of other deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. Though your participation may have potential benefits to education and military community as a whole, you many not receive any direct benefits from your participation. Compensation: Participants will not be compensated for participating in this study.Confidentiality: The records of this study will be kept private. In any sort of report I might publish, I will not include any information that will make it possible to identify a subject. Research records will be stored securely, and only the researcher will have access to the records. I may share the data I collect from you for use in future research studies or with other researchers; if I share the data that I collect about you, I will remove any information that could identify you, if applicable, before I share the data.· Procedures will be taken to protect the privacy of the all participants including the use of assigned pseudonyms and interviews conducted in locations where others will not easily overhear the conversation.· Data will be stored on a password-protected computer and all documents will be kept in a locked file cabinet. Data may be used in future presentations.· The researcher will transcribe interviews. Recordings will be stored on a password locked computer for three years and then erased. Only the researcher will have access to these recordings.· I cannot assure participants that other members of the online focus group will not share what was discussed with persons outside of the group.Voluntary Nature of the Study: Participation in this study is voluntary. Your decision whether or not to participate will not affect your current or future relations with Liberty University or your positions in the military. If you decide to participate, you are free to not answer any question or withdraw at any time without affecting those relationships.How to Withdraw from the Study: If you choose to withdraw from the study, please contact the researcher at the email address/phone number included in the next paragraph. Should you choose to withdraw, data collected from you, apart from focus group data, will be destroyed immediately and will not be included in this study. Focus group data will not be destroyed, but your contributions to the focus group will not be included in the study if you choose to withdraw.Contacts and Questions: The researcher conducting this study is John G. Bennett. You may ask any questions you have now. If you have questions later, you are encouraged to contact him at (860) 213-4464 or [email protected] you would like to address questions or concerns to someone other than the researcher, you are encouragedto contact the researcher’s faculty chair, Dr. James Eller at (440) 319-1794 or [email protected] of Consent: I have read and understood the above information. I have asked questions and have received answers. I consent to participate in the study. The researcher has my permission to audio-record me as part of my participation in this study.Signature of Participant Date Signature of Investigator DateAPPENDIX D: RECRUITMENT LETTERFall 2019Dear Service Member, As a graduate student in the School of Education at Liberty University, I am conducting research as part of the requirements for a doctoral degree in Educational Leadership. I am writing to invite you to participate in my research study about the perceptions of military parents who are deployed regarding their active involvement in their child’s education. You\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'re eligible to be in this study because you have been identified has having some experience with this particular issue. If you decide to participate in this study, you will partake in a face-to-face or online recorded interview, take part in an online focus group and be ask to provide relevant documents (if available) for analysis. You should be able to complete your participation in approximately two to three weeks, with it taking four to five hours of time to complete all procedures. Your name and/or other identifying information will be requested as part of your participation, but the information will remain confidential.To participate, please respond to my email with your desire to be a possible participant. Following your response to participate, I will then contact you for an interview and provide the consent form for you to sign. The consent document contains additional information about my research.Sincerely,John G. BennettDoctoral CandidateLiberty UniversityAPPENDIX E: QUESTIONNAIREThe purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study is to explore the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. This questionnaire is designed to obtain demographic information as well as to capture your perceptions and experiences of being a parent while deployed overseas in the military. 1. Name: ____________________________________________________________ 2. Age: _____________ 3. Ethnicity: ______________________ 4. Branch of Service: _____________________________________________ 5. Rank: __________________________________________________ 6. Age of spouse: ____________________________________________ 7. Spouse current profession: _______________________________________8. Highest degree earned ____________________________________________________ 9. How many school age children currently in your household: _______________________ 10. How many times have you been deployed: _____________________________________?11. If currently deployed, what is the duration of your deployment: ______________________12. If not currently deployed: When was your last deployment and how long________________13. Reflect on your experiences of being a parent while deployed in the military. Please provide a brief written response for each question.a. What word best describes your initial thought about deployment as it relates to your ability to be involve in your child’s education. Please explain b. What support (familial, financial, experience) have aided in maintaining a sense of involvement in your child’s educationc. What is the number one challenge (aside from distance) that hinders your ability to participate in child’s education? APPENDIX F: INTERVIEW GUIDESemi-Structured, Open-Ended Interview QuestionsCentral Research Question: What are the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education?Opening Questions 19. Please introduce yourself, describe yourself and your family 20. How long have you been serving in the military 21. In the past two years, how many times and for how long where you deployed22. What is the age and gender of your school age child or children 23. Please explain your experience in the military thus far Questions relating to participants perceptions 24. What is your definition of parental involvement, particularly as it relates to education 25. In what way (if any) does your definition of parental involvement change while deployed26. How would you compare and contrast your role in your child’s education when not deployed and while deployed 27. What changes have you experienced in your child’s behavior, focus, and attitude towards learning while deployed?28. What are some ways or methods used to participate in your child’s education while deployed, and how do they differ from method used when not deployed29. How has your deployment impacted your spouse, particularly as it relates to his/her ability to be involved in your child’s education 30. Reflect on the first time you spoke with your child about their education when you were deployed. What was that experience like? 31. Reflect on your child’s education. What is your perception of your child’s sense of how his or her learning is impacted by your deployment?Questions relating to participants’ perceptions of challenges32. Describe a time (while deployed) when you encountered a barrier or challenge that prevented you from being involved in their education? 33. Describe a time when you felt that you could be more involved in your children’s education while deployed. Were you able to come up with a solution? If so, please describe. 34. How does being deployed alters your interactions with your child’s teachers and other educators 35. What stage of deployment (pre-deployment, deployment, post-deployment) do you believe creates the most challenges in attempting to stay involve in your child’s education, please explain 36. What advice would you give a military parent who is deployed or may deploy in the futureAPPENDIX G: FOCUS GROUP QUESTION GUIDESemi-Structured, Open-Ended Focus Group QuestionsCentral Research Question: What are the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education?Opening Questions: 7. Will each individual please state your name, your military branch and length of serviceQuestions Relating to Challenges Parents experience while Deployed:8. As a parent, how would you describe your overall experience of being separated from your family while deployed9. What would you identify as the most difficult aspect of being a military deployed parent 10. From a parental standpoint, what are some examples of challenges you encountered while deployed, and how have you overcome themQuestions Relating to Participants involvement:11. How has your deployment affected your child’s performance in school12. How often and in what way do you interact with your child’s teachers or educator, what types of feedback have you received https://www.fhsdschools.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_995699/File/2015-16/Parents/Epstein%20-%20Six%20Keys.pdf
Parent Involvement and Student Achievement
Parental Involvement and Student Academic Achievement
TA administration and staff believe schools are seeing a decrease in parental involvement as students enter high school. Research conducted by the Kentucky Department of Education (KDE) Dropout Prevention Resource Guide (2008) has demonstrated the positive effects of parental involvement in schools.
Parental involvement in the eighth grade had a strong positive effect on the grade point average of 10th graders (Keith, T.Z., Keith, Quirk, Sperduto, Santillo, & Killings, 1998). In contrast, Balen and Moles (1994) and Hurst (2002) suggest when parents have a positive attitude regarding education and demonstrate trust that their children can do well, children perform better in school. However, parental involvement tends to decrease as students become older (p. 3).
Problem Statement
Historical and current studies have investigated the impact of parental involvement and student achievement. Diverse studies have considered how well students perform academically when their parents are involved…...
mlaOn a much larger sample of children (6,400 Americans, 14-18 years old) (Steinberg, 1992) conducted within the same two years that the previous researchers had started their study (1987-1988), Steinberg et al. (1992) found that parental involvement is more likely to promote adolescent school success as long as this academic involvement occurred in the context of an authoritative home environment.
This study was structured so as to examine long-term parenting style, including parental academic involvement with school performance in a sample of high school youth. Nine high schools from Wisconsin and North California were used in this study (Steinberg, 1992). Diversity was achieved as far as possible between different communities, ethnic population, family structures, and socioeconomic status levels. Self-report surveys were filled out by the students on two days of survey administration during the schools years of 1987-1988 and of 1988-1989 (Hill, 2004). In this case, I agree with the emphasis on self-reporting but the analytical framework, again, needs to be much stronger for truly measuring student perceptions as that is where the core of the mechanisms emerges.
The standard active consent form for ethical procedures was not used here since studies have shown that it would screen out individuals with possibly disengaged parents and it was precisely these individuals whom the researchers wished to include. Their procedure, therefore, was to request active consent from adolescents and passive consent from parents
Parent Involvement
When it comes to children and how well they do (or do not do) in schools, a lot of the invective and scrutiny is directed towards the teachers at the school and the administrators that govern the same. Whether it be parents showing disdain for how well the students are not doing or whether it be national laws such as No Child Left Behind, the teachers seem to shoulder a lot of the blame when students do not perform as expected or desired. However, to just blame the teachers would be unwise because they are only part of equation and some would argue that teachers are not even the biggest part of the equation. While having adept teachers imparting knowledge to students is important, having parents or guardians of those children that are involved and engaged is even more important.
esearch
One of the linchpins of student success has been determined…...
mlaReferences
Harji, M. B., Balakrishnan, K., & Letchumanan, K. (2016). SPIRE Project: Parental Involvement
in Young Children's ESL Reading Development. English Language Teaching, 9(12), 1-
15.
Hemmerechts, K., Agirdag, O., & Kavadias, D. (2017). The relationship between parental
Finally, Boothroyd (2010) suggests that because the authors of PCI do not provide guidance on how parents are defined, the assessment may not be appropriate for families with a parenting structure other than two biological parents. It seems that while the PCI is considered a valid and reliable assessment for some populations, further study should be conducted with a more diverse norming sample.
eferences
Coffman, J.K., Guerin, D.W., & Gottfried, A.W. (2006). eliability and validity of the parent-child relationship inventory (PCI): Evidence from a longitudinal cross-informant investigation. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 209-214. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.209
Gerard, A.B.Parent-child relationship inventory Western Psychological Services, 12031 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025-1251; ephone [HIDDEN]; FAX [HIDDEN]; Web: www.wpspublish.com. etrieved from http://ezproxy.library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mmt&AN=TIP07001840&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Heinze, M.C., & Grisso, T. (1996). eview of instruments assessing parenting competencies used in child custody evaluations. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 14(3), 293-313. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0798(199622)14:33.0.CO;2-0
Schroeder, V., & Kelley, M. (2009). Associations between family environment, parenting practices, and executive…...
mlaReferences
Coffman, J.K., Guerin, D.W., & Gottfried, A.W. (2006). Reliability and validity of the parent-child relationship inventory (PCRI): Evidence from a longitudinal cross-informant investigation. Psychological Assessment, 18(2), 209-214. doi:10.1037/1040-3590.18.2.209
Gerard, A.B.Parent-child relationship inventory Western Psychological Services, 12031 Wilshire Blvd., Los Angeles, CA 90025-1251; ephone [HIDDEN]; FAX [HIDDEN]; Web: www.wpspublish.com. Retrieved from http://ezproxy.library.capella.edu/login?url=http://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=mmt&AN=TIP07001840&site=ehost-live&scope=site
Heinze, M.C., & Grisso, T. (1996). Review of instruments assessing parenting competencies used in child custody evaluations. Behavioral Sciences & the Law, 14(3), 293-313. doi:10.1002/(SICI)1099-0798(199622)14:33.0.CO;2-0
Schroeder, V., & Kelley, M. (2009). Associations between family environment, parenting practices, and executive functioning of children with and without ADHD. Journal of Child & Family Studies, 18(2), 227-235. doi:10.1007/s10826-008-9223-0
Family Involvement at School
I enjoy working with the students at my school tremendously. At the K-8 school in Borough Park Brooklyn NY, there are largely Chinese and Hispanic demographics. Working with students and parents is what will prove crucial in improving the academic success of the students.
There are a number of things that are happening at my school in regards to family-involvement that are really making me excited for the improvement of the students' academic success. A lot of my Chinese-American students do get a lot of parent involvement at home. I hear from the students that their parents help them with daily homework and even push them to go beyond that day's lesson in order to prepare for the next upcoming lessons. In fact, I do see a heightened level of at-home parent involvement with the Chinese-American students, probably more so than any other demographic of students at the…...
MILITAY DEPLOYED PAENT PECEPTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE EDUCATION OF THEI CHILDEN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDYbyEder G. BennettLiberty UniversityA Dissertation Presented in Partial FulfillmentOf the equirements for the DegreeDoctor of EducationLiberty University2021MILITAY DEPLOYED PAENT PECEPTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE EDUCATION OF THEI CHILDEN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDYby Eder G. BennettA Dissertation Presented in Partial FulfillmentOf the equirements for the DegreeDoctor of EducationAPPOVED BY:James Eller, Ed.D., Committee ChairMichael-Chadwell Sharon, Ed.D., Committee MemberABSTACTThe purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study was to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their childs education. For this purpose, this study developed an informed answer to the following research question: What are the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their childs education? The study used Epstein\\\'s theory regarding the triangle relationship between parents, teachers, and the community to help explore and make sense of the stories and experiences…...
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Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/271833455_Theoretical_Frameworks_Methods_and_Procedures_for_Conducting_Phenomenological_Studies_in_Educational_SettingsAPPENDIX A: LIBERTY UNIVERSITY IRB APPROVALWill includes once Submitted and Approved SEEKING VOLUNTEERS FOR A RESEARCH STUDYThe purpose of study: To explore the experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. Participation Requirements:To participate in the study, you must currently be deployed or previously deployed within the past two years and have pre-K-12 school-aged children that are enrolled in a school outside of the homeParticipation in this study involves:1. Face-to-Face interview or online interview with the researcher (approximately 45-60 minutes). Interviews will be audio-recorded, but pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.1. Online focus group with several other participants. The session will be recorded for transcription. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality1. Artifact for Analysis: Participants will be asked to provide relevant artifacts (if available) for analysis. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.To find out more information about this study, please contact Eder Bennett at:Phone: (860) 213-4464Email: Study Title: Military Deployed Parents’ Perceptions Of Involvement In The Education Of Their Children While Deployed.Principal Investigator: Eder Bennett Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 Research Study: Perception of Involvement in Childs EducationContact: Eder BennettPhone: (860) 213-4464 APPENDIX B: RECRUITMENT FLYERAPPENDIX C: INFORMED CONSENTCONSENT FORMMILITARY DEPLOYED PARENTS’ PERCEPTIONS OF INVOLVEMENT IN THE EDUCATION OF THEIR CHILDREN: A PHENOMENOLOGICAL STUDYEder G. BennettLiberty UniversitySchool of EducationGeneral Overview of Study: You are invited to be in a research study investigating the perceptions of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. You were selected as a possible participant because you are currently deployed or previously deployed and have pre-K-12 school-aged children that are currently enrolled in school. Please read this form and ask any questions you may have before agreeing to be in the study.Eder G. Bennett, a doctoral candidate in the School of Education at Liberty University, is conducting this study.Background Information: The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. This will provide a foundation of understanding that can assist educational stakeholders and the military community in filling the void created by a deployed parent with the goal to help the student of the deployed parent.Procedures: If you consent to be a part of this study, you will be asked to do the following:1. Complete a questionnaire that includes preliminary demographic data, such as age, race, military affiliation, and years of service. The questionnaire will also consist of three open-ended questions and should take approximately 30 minutes to complete2. Participate in a face-to-face or online interview with the researcher. Interviews will be conducted in a predesignated location (chosen by you). Each interview will last for approximately 45-60 minutes. Interviews will be audio-recorded, but pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.3. Participate in an online focus group through which several prepared questions will be answered. Participants will be gathered in an online forum for 45-60 minutes using a videoconferencing software such as ZOOM. The online session will be recorded for transcription. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.4. Provide relevant artifacts for analysis: You will be asked to provide (if available) artifacts such as journals, letters, and email correspondence with teachers pertaining to your children. These artifacts will be analyzed to gain further insight into the issues that deployed parents face. Pseudonyms will be used to maintain confidentiality.Risks: The risks involved in this study are minimal and are no more than what participants encounter in everyday life. If you experience discomfort while taking part in this study, you may choose to stop participating at any time.Benefits: The direct benefits participants should expect to receive from taking part in this study will be understanding the perceptions of other deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. Though your participation may have potential benefits to education and the military community as a whole, you may not receive any direct benefits of your involvement. Compensation: Participants will not be compensated for participating in this study.Confidentiality: The records of this study will be kept private. In any sort of report, I might publish, I will not include any information that will make it possible to identify a subject. Research records will be stored securely, and only the researcher will have access to the artifacts. I may share the data I collect from you for use in future research studies or with other researchers; if I share the data that I collect about you, I will remove any information that could identify you, if applicable, before I share the data.1. Procedures will be taken to protect the privacy of all participants, including the use of assigned pseudonyms and interviews conducted in locations where others will not easily overhear the conversation.1. Data will be stored on a password-protected computer, and all documents will be kept in a locked file cabinet. Data may be used in future presentations.1. The researcher will transcribe interviews. Recordings will be stored on a password-locked computer for three years and then erased. Only the researcher will have access to these recordings.1. I cannot assure participants that other members of the online focus group will not share what was discussed with persons outside of the group.Voluntary Nature of the Study: Participation in this study is voluntary. Your decision whether or not to participate will not affect your current or future relations with Liberty University or your positions in the military. If you decide to participate, you are free not to answer any question or withdraw at any time without affecting those relationships.How to Withdraw from the Study: If you choose to withdraw from the study, please contact the researcher at the email address/phone number included in the next paragraph. Should you decide to withdraw, data collected from you, apart from focus group data, will be destroyed immediately and will not be included in this study. Focus group data will not be destroyed, but your contributions to the focus group will not be included in the study if you choose to withdraw.Contacts and Questions: The researcher conducting this study is Eder G. Bennett. You may ask any questions you have now. If you have questions later, you are encouraged to contact him at (860) 213-4464 or [email protected] you would like to address questions or concerns to someone other than the researcher, you are encouragedto contact the researcher’s faculty chair, Dr. James Eller, at (440) 319-1794 or [email protected] of Consent: I have read and understood the above information. I have asked questions and have received answers. I consent to participate in the study. The researcher has my permission to audio-record me as part of my participation in this study.Signature of Participant Date Signature of Investigator DateAPPENDIX D: RECRUITMENT LETTERFall 2019Dear Service Member, As a graduate student in the School of Education at Liberty University, I am conducting research as part of the requirements for a doctoral degree in Educational Leadership. I am writing to invite you to participate in my research study about the perceptions of military parents who are deployed regarding their active involvement in their child’s education. You\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'re eligible to be in this study because you have been identified as having some experience with this particular issue. If you decide to participate in this study, you will partake in a face-to-face or online recorded interview, take part in an online focus group, and be asked to provide relevant artifacts (if available) for analysis. You should be able to complete your participation in approximately two to three weeks, with it taking four to five hours to complete all procedures. Your name and/or other identifying information will be requested as part of your participation, but the information will remain confidential.To participate, please respond to my email with your desire to be a possible participant. Following your response to participate, I will then contact you for an interview and provide the consent form for you to sign. The consent document contains additional information about my research.Sincerely,Eder G. BennettDoctoral CandidateLiberty UniversityAPPENDIX E: QUESTIONNAIREThe purpose of this qualitative transcendental phenomenological study is to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education. This questionnaire is designed to obtain demographic information as well as to capture your perceptions and experiences of being a parent while deployed overseas in the military. 1. Name: ____________________________________________________________ 2. Age: _____________ 3. Ethnicity: ______________________ 4. Branch of Service: _____________________________________________ 5. Rank: __________________________________________________ 6. Age of spouse: ____________________________________________ 7. Spouse current profession: _______________________________________8. Highest degree earned ____________________________________________________ 9. How many school age children currently in your household: _______________________ 10. How many times have you been deployed: _____________________________________?11. If currently deployed, what is the duration of your deployment: ______________________12. If not currently deployed: When was your last deployment and how long________________13. Reflect on your experiences of being a parent while deployed in the military. Please provide a brief written response to each question.1. What word best describes your initial thought about deployment as it relates to your ability to be involved in your child’s education. Please explain 1. What support (familial, financial, experience) has aided in maintaining a sense of involvement in your child’s education1. What is the number one challenge (aside from a distance) that hinders your ability to participate in a child’s education? APPENDIX F: INTERVIEW GUIDESemi-Structured, Open-Ended Interview QuestionsCentral Research Question: What are the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education?Opening Questions 1. Please introduce yourself, describe yourself and your family 1. How long have you been serving in the military? 1. In the past two years, how many times and for how long where you deployed1. What is the age and gender of your school-age child or children? 1. Please explain your experience in the military thus far Questions relating to participants perceptions 1. What is your definition of parental involvement, particularly as it relates to education? 1. In what way (if any) does your definition of parental involvement change while deployed1. How would you compare and contrast your role in your child’s education when not deployed and while deployed? 1. What changes have you experienced in your child’s behavior, focus, and attitude towards learning while deployed?1. What are some ways or methods used to participate in your child’s education while deployed, and how do they differ from the technique used when not deployed?1. How has your deployment impacted your spouse, particularly as it relates to his/her ability to be involved in your child’s education 1. Reflect on the first time you spoke with your child about their education when you were deployed. What was that experience like? 1. Reflect on your child’s education. What is your perception of your child’s sense of how your deployment impacts his or her learning?Questions relating to participants’ perceptions of challenges1. Describe a time (while deployed) when you encountered a barrier or challenge that prevented you from being involved in their education? 1. Describe a time when you felt that you could be more involved in your children’s education while deployed. Were you able to come up with a solution? If so, please describe it. 1. How does being deployed alters your interactions with your child’s teachers and other educators 1. What stage of deployment (pre-deployment, deployment, post-deployment) do you believe creates the most challenges in attempting to stay involved in your child’s education, please explain. 1. What advice would you give a military parent who is deployed or may deploy in the futureAPPENDIX G: FOCUS GROUP QUESTION GUIDESemi-Structured, Open-Ended Focus Group QuestionsCentral Research Question: What are the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child’s education?Opening Questions: 1. Will each individual, please state your name, your military branch, and length of serviceQuestions Relating to Challenges Parents experience while Deployed:1. As a parent, how would you describe your overall experience of being separated from your family while deployed1. What would you identify as the most challenging aspect of being a military deployed parent? 1. From a parental standpoint, what are some examples of challenges you encountered while deployed, and how have you overcome themQuestions Relating to Participants involvement:1. How has your deployment affected your child’s performance in school?1. How often and in what way do you interact with your child’s teachers or educator, what types of feedback have you received https://www.fhsdschools.org/UserFiles/Servers/Server_995699/File/2015-16/Parents/Epstein%20-%20Six%20Keys.pdf
unning head: PAENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN MINOITY COMMUNITY IN U.S PUBLIC SCHOOLS PAENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN MINOITY COMMUNITY IN U.S PUBLIC SCHOOL 29Parental Involvement in Minority Community in U.S Public SchoolsAbstractThe socio-economic status of minority communities greatly impacts the residence choice and the schools where parents take their children, limiting their childrens educative process. This study examines parents involvement in minority communities in their childrens education process in public schools. A quantitative approach to the research study will be employed to explore the problem statements problem and allow the researcher to examine the variables identified in the literature review and the conceptual framework. The sample population involved (n=20) parents from two public schools, ten in each district. The study comprised ten men and ten women, where five men and women were selected from each school. The parent selected were distributed equally from African American and Hispanic ethnicity since they are the minority…...
mlaReferencesAgronick, G., Clark, A., O’Donnell, L., & Stueve, A. (2019). Parent involvement strategies in urban middle and high schools in the Northeast and Islands Region [Ebook] (69th ed.). Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. Retrieved from S., Haider, Z., Munir, F., Khan, H., & Ahmed, A. (2013). Factors Contributing to the Students Academic Performance: A Case Study of Islamia University Sub-Campus. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(8), 283-289. https://doi.org/10.12691/education-1-8-3 Araque, J. C., Wietstock, C., Cova, H. M., & Zepeda, S. (2017). Impact of Latino Parent Engagement on Student Academic Achievement: A Pilot Study. School Community Journal, 27(2), 229-250.Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research And Practice, 2(1). DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00059-zConnecticut State Department of Education. (2018). Full, equal, and equitable partnerships with families [Ebook].Connecticut State Department of Education. (2020). Adapt, Advance, Achieve: Connecticut’s Plan to Learn and Grow Together [Ebook]. Connecticut State Department of Education.Cotton, K., & Wikelund, K. (2005). Parent involvement in education. Available at: http:/www.nwrel.org/. De Pedro, K. T., Astor, R. A., Gilreath, T. D., Benbenishty, R., & Berkowitz, R. (2018). School climate, deployment, and mental health among students in military-connected schools. Youth & Society, 50(1), 93-115.Denessen, E. J. P. G., Bakker, J. T. A., & Gierveld, M. R. M. (2007). Multi-ethnic schools’ parent involvement policies and practices.Epstein, J. L., Sanders, M. G., Sheldon, S. B., Simon, B. S., Salinas, K. C., Jansorn, N. R., ... & Hutchins, D. J. (2018). School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. City: Corwin Press.Erdener, M., & Knoeppel, R. (2018). Parents’ Perceptions of Their Involvement in Schooling. International Journal Of Research In Education And Science, 1-13. DOI: 10.21890/ijres.369197Espinosa, E. M., Sorensen, J. R., & Lopez, M. A. (2013). Youth pathways to placement: The influence of gender, mental health need, and trauma on confinement in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 42(12), 1824-1836.Gordon, V., & Nocon, H. (2008). Reproducing segregation: Parent involvement, diversity, and school governance. Journal of Latinos and Education, 7(4), 320-339Inoa, R. (2017). Parental involvement among middle-income Latino parents living in a middle-class community. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 39(3), 316-335.Khajehpour, M., & Ghazvini, S. (2011). The role of parental involvement affect in children’s academic performance. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1204-1208. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.263Lawson, M. A., & Alameda-Lawson, T. (2012). A case study of school-linked, collective parent engagement. American Educational Research Journal, 49(4), 651-684.Lester, P., Aralis, H., Sinclair, M., Kiff, C., Lee, K. H., Mustillo, S., & Wadsworth, S. M. (2016). The impact of deployment on parental, family, and child adjustment in military families. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(6), 938-949.Long, C. (2007). Parent in the picture: Building relationships that last beyond back to school night. NEA Today, 26-31.Lv, B., Zhou, H., Liu, C., Guo, X., Liu, J., & Jiang, K. et al. (2018). The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Children’s Self-Efficacy Profiles: A Person-Centered Approach. Journal Of Child And Family Studies, 27(11), 3730-3741. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1201-6National Parent Teacher Association. (2006). National standards for parent/family involvement programs. Retrieved from: http://www.pta.org/picert/Quick. (2016). How Racially Diverse Schools and Classrooms Can Benefit All Students. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from https://tcf.org/content/report/how-racially-diverse-schools-and-classrooms-can-benefit-all-students/?session=1 Reynolds, A. D., Crea, T. M., Medina, J., Degnan, E., & McRoy, R. (2015). A mixed-methods case study of parent involvement in an urban high school serving minority students. Urban Education, 50(6), 750-775.Rivera, H., & Li, J. T. (2019). Hispanic Parents’ Involvement and Teachers’ Empowerment as Pathways to Hispanic English Learners’ Academic Performance. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 41(2), 214-230Rivera, L., & Lavan, N. (2012). Family literacy practices and parental involvement of Latin American immigrant mothers. Journal of Latinos and Education, 11(4), 247-259.Robertson-Kraft, C., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). True grit: Trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals predict effectiveness and retention among novice teachers. Teachers College Record, 116(3).Robles, S. (2011). Parental involvement in an urban minority school district. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses. Ruggiano, N., & Perry, T. (2017). Conducting secondary analysis of qualitative data: Should we, can we, and how?. Qualitative Social Work, 18(1), 81-97. DOI: 10.1177/1473325017700701Smith, J., Wohlstetter, P., Kuzin, C. A., & De Pedro, K. (2011). Parent involvement in urban charter schools: New strategies for increasing participation. School Community Journal, 21(1), 71-94.Teachers view immigrant, minority parents as less involved in their children’s education. (2018). Retrieved 1 April 2021, from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/uop-tvi061918.phpThompson, G. L. (2010). The power of one how you can help or harm African American students. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press.Uyan?k, G., & Güler, N. (2013). A Study on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 106, 234-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.027Whitesell, M., Bachand, A., Peel, J., & Brown, M. (2013). Familial, Social, and Individual Factors Contributing to Risk for Adolescent Substance Use. Journal Of Addiction, 2013, 1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2013/57931AppendicesTable 1: Participant Questionnaire Demographic Information Questions 1. Age: 2. Ethnicity: 3. Married: 4. Level of education earned:5. The number of school-aged children currently in the household:Table 2: Semi Open-Ended Questionnaire QuestionsQuestions Opening Questions 1. What grade does your child (select one if there several at school) score on average?1) F2) D3) C4) B5) A 2. How much income does our household generate annually? (tick where applicable)1) A maximum of $15,0002) A maximum of $30,0003) A maximum of $45,0004) A maximum of $60,0005) Above $75,0003. How would you rate tour school efforts in engaging you in the education process of your child? (tick where applicable)1) None 2) Poor3) Good4) Very Good4. Do you think your participation is sufficient? (tick where applicable)1) Yes 2) I could do more3) I like to do more but don’t have the time Table 3: Descriptive statistics of the social, economic status of the participants. Age Number of School-aged children Level of education earned Mean 33.1 Mean 1.45 Mean 1.95 Standard Error 2.231237561 Standard Error 0.135239 Standard Error 0.169752 Median 34 Median 1 Median 2 Mode 34 Mode 1 Mode 2 Standard Deviation 9.97839772 Standard Deviation 0.604805 Standard Deviation 0.759155 Sample Variance 99.56842105 Sample Variance 0.365789 Sample Variance 0.576316 Kurtosis -0.515468061 Kurtosis 0.188579 Kurtosis -1.15444 Skewness 0.179313955 Skewness 1.003157 Skewness 0.086213 Range 36 Range 2 Range 2 Minimum 18 Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Maximum 54 Maximum 3 Maximum 3 Sum 662 Sum 29 Sum 39 Count 20 Count 20 Count 20 Largest (1) 54 Largest (1) 3 Largest (1) 3 Smallest (1) 18 Smallest (1) 1 Smallest (1) 1 Confidence Level (95.0%) 4.670033886 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.283058 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.355295Table 3: Regression Analysis SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.654482 R Square 0.428347 Adjusted R Square 0.321162 Standard Error 0.7782 Observations 20 ANOVA df SS MS F Significance F Regression 3 7.260482 2.420161 3.996337 0.026659 Residual 16 9.689518 0.605595 Total 19 16.95 Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept -0.76206 1.114636 -0.68369 0.503954 -3.12498 1.600859 -3.12498 1.600859 household income 0.490248 0.205104 2.390238 0.029486 0.055446 0.925049 0.055446 0.925049 School Interventions 0.513517 0.235298 2.182414 0.044331 0.014708 1.012325 0.014708 1.012325 level of education 0.529143 0.269187 1.965713 0.066933 -0.04151 1.099793 -0.04151 1.099793https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505024.pdf Ali,
Military Deployed Parent Perceptions of Involvement in the Education of their ChildrenChapter Four: FindingsOverviewThis transcendental phenomenological study\\\'s objective was to explore the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child\\\'s education. Within the broad objective, the central question was: What are the perceptions and lived experiences of deployed military parents regarding active involvement in their child\\\'s education? However, to capture all the necessary details required to give the study\\\'s best outcomes, other three sub-questions were used to narrow the study\\\'s findings and relevance. These were:1. How do military parents describe their involvement in their children\\\'s education while deployed?2. How do military parents perceive the impact of their deployment on the family and particularly on their child\\\'s academic performance?3. What challenges do military parents who are deployed face while trying to stay involved in their children\\\'s education?This chapter gives an introduction and description of the…...
Adolescence)
The Issue of Students of Arab Descent
Scope for Advisory Participation groups
ole of Involvement from Parents as External Stakeholders
Barriers and Facilitators to Parent Involvement
Advisory Participation and Policy Implications
elation between Parental Involvement and Child Growth
The ole of Native Americans in Interventions
Traditional Parenting Practices
Considerations
Middle Eastern Students: Effect of Advisory Participation in the Adolescent Years - Grades 8-9
It is believed that when children and adolescents take part in group activities, they experience better social and psychological health. Indeed, it has also been documented that participating in team sports leads to positive health outcomes. Analysts observe that such eventuality accrues from the social dimension that team sports provide. The positive involvement by adults and peers enhances such gains (ochelle M. Eime, Janet A Young, Jack T. Harvey, Melanie J. Charity, & Warren . Payne, 2013). eader advisory techniques; applied with youthful patrons present an effective model for encouraging the development of better intrinsic motivation…...
mlaReferences
Abdul Tawab, N., Saher, S., & Nawawi, N. (2013). Learning About Youth. New York: Population Council.
Aghajanian, A., & Cong, W. (2012). How Culture Affects on English Language Learners' (ELL's) Outcomes, with Middle East Immigrant Students. International Journal of Business and Social Science, 172-180.
Alnawar, H. (2015). Raising Teachers' Cultural Knowledge of Middle Eastern Students in The Classroom. California State University - Capstones and Theses.
Badri, M., Al Quabaisi, A., Al Rashedi, A., & Yang, G. (2014). The causal relationship between parental involvement and children's behavioural adjustment to KG-1 schooling. International Journal of Child Care and Education Policy.
Family therapy believes that problems that the individuals evidence stem from the fact that problems occur within the family unit itself and that the family is divided into several component parts. To address these problems the therapist, as it were, therefore steps into the family unit, becomes "a part of it" and intervenes. His doing so not only enables him to see the family patterns from the inside; thereby understanding faults of fission but also enable him to practice therapy. Intervention in the family is called enactment.
Enactment refers to the therapist encouraging acting of dysfunctional relationship patterns within the family therapy session and him acting out some of this behavior by actually entering the family unit. The therapist thereby learns about the family's structure and interactional patterns and is able to interfere in the process by modifying some of the negative elements, pointing these out, intensifying positive elements, and modifying…...
mlaReferences
Family Systems institute Bowen Family Systems Theory and Practice: Illustration and Critique
http://www.familysystemstraining.com/papers/bowen-illustration-and-critique.html
Bowenian Family Systems Theory and Therapy
http://www.theravive.com/research/Bowenian_Family_Systems_Theory_and_Therapy
Grant Proposal for Strengthening the Family Unit
Program Design and Implementation
The overall design and structure of the program will orbit around multiple activities and methodologies which are designed to fortify the overall family unit, most notably the parental unit. Parenting is an extremely challenging endeavor and one which can put a considerable strain on a marriage -- even the strongest marriage. Thus, one of the foremost aspects of the program in general will consist of a parenting skills training program to minimize behavior problems in young children (particularly when these children are at the most difficult age) by bolstering the level of parent self-efficacy through beneficial parenting behaviors and overall child discipline strategies (NEPP, 2012).
Many of the strategies used in this case will be modeled after the Chicago Parent Program (CPP), which is an extremely well organized program that is founded in the notion that parents play the most fundamental part…...
mlaReferences
Flay, B., & Allred, C. (2010). The Positive Action Program. International Research Handbook on Values Education, 471-481.
GGC. (2012, July). Guiding Good Choices. Retrieved from NREPP: [HIDDEN]
Lia, K., Washburn, I., & DuBois, D. (2011). Effects of the Positive Action programme on problem behaviours in elementary school students. Psychology and Health, 187-204.
NREPP. (2012, August). Chicago Parent Program. Retrieved from NREPP
Parent-Teacher Collaboration
Synthesis of the Literature
Involvement of parents in the education of their children both in the classroom and at home has the potential or greatly enhancing the education of a child. It is important for schools to tap into the potential of the parents to support their child's education can help in better and effective teaching. Conversely, when the parents work in close collaboration with the teachers at school and follow the suggestions and directions prescribed for the students while dealing with their education at home can also help children do better in studies (Hendricks, 2013).
esearcher Susan Graham-Clay, in her article titled "Communicating with Parents: Strategies for Teachers," claims that often teachers try to develop a partnership with the parents to create a support system for student learning (Dubis & Bernadowski, 2014). esearchers claim that one of the major factors in the development of this partnership is strong communication which…...
mlaReferences
Cook, B., Shepherd, K., Cook, S., & Cook, L. (2012). Facilitating the Effective Implementation of Evidence-Based Practices through Teacher-Parent Collaboration. TEACHING Exceptional Children, 44(3), 22-30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/004005991204400303
Dubis, S. & Bernadowski, C. (2014). Communicating with parents of children with special needs in Saudi Arabia: parents' and teachers' perceptions of using email for regular and ongoing communication. British Journal Of Special Education, 42(2), 166-182. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-8578.12061
Griffin, S. (2009). Communicating with parents. Practical Pre-School, 2009(106), 15-16. http://dx.doi.org/10.12968/prps.2009.1.106.44936
Hendricks, C. (2013). Improving schools Through action research: A reflective practice approach (3rd ed.). Boston: Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education.
Free access for students and teachers will be available at school and home at any time (Charp, 2002, p. 10).
Schools have also been helped by funding from corporations of various types, many of which see the need for a workforce in the future that is fully adept at using the new information technology, or that has some stake in assuring that a well-trained public is developed. Companies focusing on engineering and mathematics offer computer help to students, and some programs are more far-reaching:
lso, the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation is donating $40 million to create small high schools across the United States to increase high school graduation and college attendance. Students will be able to earn both a high school diploma, and an associate's degree or two years of college credit. The effort includes the Carnegie Corporation of New York, the Ford Foundation and the W.K. Kellogg Foundation. In…...
mlaAlthough widely accepted as a useful statistical tool, multiple regression and correlation analysis are fraught with dangers in estimating effect sizes when one uses a number of predictor variables in the linear equation. For example, it is highly unlikely that a large number of naturally occurring predictors will be statistically independent. When two or more variables are relatively highly correlated, the statistical estimation method of squared error minimization used in multiple regression is incapable of sorting out their independent effects on the dependent variable. This condition is referred to as multicollinearity and results in highly unstable regression coefficients (Pfaffenberger & Patterson, 1997).
Conclusion
Zangle is a system for providing information on student performance, assignments, and other matters to parents over the Internet, making it possible to keep this information flowing all year long and not simply during parent-teacher conferences. The intent is to enhance communication between teacher and parent and so to help change behavior and improve the performance of students, addressing problems as soon as they appear rather then waiting. This is a proposal for research to test whether the system delivers on its promises and does improve student performance in those districts where it is currently in use.
" (ean, 2006) ean notes that a "dramatic decline in the influence of father involvement has been shown to be correlated with fathers' maintaining a residence other than that of their children." (2006)
According to the work entitled: "Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency" developmental pathways of adolescent delinquency has been examined by researcher "through both longitudinal research and meta-analyses." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) Resulting from these empirical investigations are "numerous insights...key indicators and predictors of behavior of those youths who engage and those who persist in delinquent behavior." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) According to this work there have been a number of studies which had made identification of characteristic patterns of parent-child relationships that are strongly associated with juvenile delinquency." (Theoretical Models of Juvenile Delinquency, nd) the work of Juby and Farrington (2001); Patterson and Stouthamer-Loeber (1984); and Steinberg (1987) state that "evidence clearly demonstrates the influence…...
mlaBibliography
Allen, Sarah; and Daly, Kerry (2007) the Effects of Father Involvement: An Updated Research Summary of the Evidence Inventory. FIRA-CURA Centre for Families, Work & Well-Being University of Guelph, Ontario Canada. Online available at ts/29/Effects_of_Father_Involvement.pdf+CORRELATION+BETW EEN+the+ABSENCE+of+PATERNAL+INVOLVEMENT+and+SEXUAL+RISK+TAKING+BEHAVIOR+in+ADOLESCENT+FEMALES&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=26&gl=ushttp://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:9pJUiihSv0YJ:fira.ca/cms/documen
Bean, Matthew (2006) Understanding Father's Roles: An Evidence-Based Practice Guide for Family Therapists. Kansas State University 2006. Online available at http://64.233.169.104/search?q=cache:R_K1C-afXJ8J:krex.k-state.edu/dspace/bitstream/2097/314/1/MatthewBean2007.pdf+CORRELATION+BETWEEN+the+ABSENCE+of+PATERNAL+INVOLVEMENT+and+SEXUAL+RISK+TAKING+BEHAVIOR+in+ADOLESCENT+FEMALES&hl=en&ct=clnk&cd=37&gl=us
Brooks, Constance M. (2007) Environmental Risk Factors and Risky Sexual Behavior Outcomes: Attitudes as a Mediating Factor. Online available at http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2007/Dissertation/BrooksC-051107-D6584/research.pdf
Duncan, G.J., & Brooks-Gunn, J. (Eds.) (1997). Consequences of growing up poor. New York: Russell Sage Foundation Brooks, Constance M. (2007) Environmental Risk Factors and Risky Sexual Behavior Outcomes: Attitudes as a Mediating Factor. Online available at http://edt.missouri.edu/Winter2007/Dissertation/BrooksC-051107-D6584/research.pdf
Essay Topic 1: The Deterrent Effect of School Theft Policies
Pro-Deterrent Viewpoint:
School theft policies that impose swift and strict consequences deter students from committing theft by creating a fear of negative repercussions.
The threat of suspension, expulsion, or legal charges acts as a psychological deterrent, discouraging students from engaging in theft.
By establishing clear boundaries and consequences, schools maintain a safe and orderly learning environment where students feel secure.
Anti-Deterrent Viewpoint:
Strict school theft policies create a punitive atmosphere that alienates students and undermines their educational progress.
Students who are caught stealing may be subjected to harsh punishments that can harm....
I. Introduction
A. Hook: Begin with a compelling statement or anecdote that highlights the importance of homework and its benefits for students.
B. Thesis statement: Clearly state the main argument that schools should not abolish homework.
II. Body Paragraph 1: Academic Benefits of Homework
A. Reinforce learning: Explain how homework helps students strengthen their understanding of classroom material.
B. Develop critical thinking: Discuss how homework promotes critical thinking skills and problem-solving abilities.
C. Enhance retention: Argue that homework improves memory and strengthens long-term retention of knowledge.
III. Body Paragraph 2: Practical Benefits of Homework
A. Time management: Explain how homework teaches students to manage their time effectively and....
1. The impact of early intervention on speech development in children with multisyllable word challenges
2. Effective strategies for teaching multisyllable words to individuals with language disorders
3. The role of phonological awareness in interventions for multisyllable word difficulties
4. Addressing multisyllable word reading challenges through evidence-based practices
5. The importance of explicit instruction in multisyllable word decoding for struggling readers
6. Multisensory approaches to intervention for multisyllable word difficulties
7. The benefits of vocabulary intervention on multisyllable word recognition and comprehension
8. Exploring the use of technology in interventions for improving multisyllable word reading skills
9. Differentiated instruction for students with diverse needs in multisyllable word intervention....
1. The Impact of Multi-Syllable Interventions on Reading Comprehension in Elementary School Students
2. Exploring the Effectiveness of Multi-Syllable Intervention Strategies for Students with Dyslexia
3. The Importance of Early Intervention for Developing Multi-Syllable Decoding Skills in Young Learners
4. Implementing Multi-Syllable Intervention Programs in ESL Classrooms: Challenges and Strategies
5. A Critical Analysis of Different Approaches to Multi-Syllable Intervention in Special Education Settings
6. Examining the Role of Teacher Training in the Success of Multi-Syllable Intervention Programs
7. The Relationship Between Phonological Awareness and Multi-Syllable Intervention Success
8. Using Technology to Enhance Multi-Syllable Intervention in the Classroom
9. Developing a Comprehensive Multi-Syllable Intervention Plan for Struggling Readers
10.....
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