The research of Wofendale (1991) demonstrated the effectiveness of parents who provided support for the learning process of their child and holds that involvement in schools by parents is likely the primary indicator of performance of the child in school. The Michigan Department of Education reports that the "most consistent predictors of children's academic achievement and social adjustment are parent expectations of the child's academic attainment and satisfaction with their child's education at school." (2001) it is also noted that parents of student who are high achiever's set standards that are "higher...for their children's educational activities than parents of low-achieving students." (Clark, 7:85-105 in: The Michigan Department of Education, 2001)
Cited as the three primary factors of parental involvement in their children's education are the following: (1) beliefs of parents about what is important, necessary and permissible for them to do with and on behalf of their children; (3) the…...

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References

American Psychological Association. (1994). Publication manual of the American psychological association (4th ed.). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.

Aram, D. (2006). Early literacy interventions: The relative roles of storybook reading,

Baker, a.J.L., & Soden, L.M. (1997). Parent involvement in children's education: A critical Assessment of the knowledge base. (Report No. PS-025357). Paper presented at the annual meeting of the American Educational Research Association, Chicago, IL. (ERIC Document Reproduction Service No. ED407127)

Barbour, C. Barbour, H. N, Wright, K. & Stegelin a.D. (2003). Family and Community Involvement. Custom Electronic Text for University of Phoenix. Prentice-Hall, Inc. A Pearson Education Company.

In a diverse or bilingual classroom environment, the presence of parents integrates school and family in a positive way, and encourages a better attitude towards learning. "Encourage parents from other countries to come in and tell stories about their native lands, share favorite books from their childhoods, talk about their hobbies, and so on." (Shalaway, 1994) Positive interventions in classroom management on the part of parents can also encourage parents of high-risk students, who might have had negative experiences themselves with teaching, to establish positive attachments to the school in a way that is helpful to the parent and to the student. "Some family stories...illustrated how providing help with rather than avoiding such issues led to both successful father involvement and improved family and child outcomes," even with estranged fathers. (MacAllister, 2004)
Teachers must take it upon themselves to set a pattern of parents becoming involved in the classroom from…...

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Works Cited

Gazin, Ann. (August 1999) "Keeping them on the edge of their seats." Instructor. Retrived 4 December 2004 at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0STR/is_1_109/ai_55471445 

Shalaway, Leslie. (1994) "14 ways to get parents to volunteer." Instructor. Retrieved 4 December 2004 at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0STR/is_n1_v104/ai_15669481 

McAllister, Carol L. (Winter 2004) "From sports fans to nurturers: an Early Head Start program's evolution toward father involvement." Fathering. Retrieved 4 December 2004 at  http://www.findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0PAV/is_1_2/ai_n6031095/print

" Through their study of La Familia, the authors present a strategic plan for other Latino families to get organized and help their children succeed later in school and in life. La Familia -- parents of middle school children that had not been performing well in school -- began with small meetings in the homes of parents (conducted entirely in Spanish) and as trust was established among the parents, they created a "working partnership with the school" (Jasis, 2004, p. 38). "Convivencia" means "…the flowing moments of collective creation and solidarity" -- and in the case of La Familia, convivencia also brought a "bonding" that was built from an "…emerging moral quest" to help children become better students, Jasis relates (p. 39). The group began as a "self-affirming" activist assemblage, and moved from there into a "desvelamiento critico" (critical unveiling) of reality (p. 41).
The group avoided "political posturing" during their…...

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Works Cited

Garcia, Carolyn, Skay, Carol, Sieving, Renee, Naughton, Sandy, and Bearinger, Linda H. (2008).

Family and racial factors associated with suicide and emotional distress among Latino students. Journal of School Health, 78(9), 487-496.

Gilliam, Brenda, Gerla, Jacqueline Parten, and Wright, Gary. (2004). Providing Minority Parents

With Relevant Literacy Activities for Their Children. Reading Improvement, 41(4), 226-234.

Secondary School Parent Involvement
Parental engagement in a child's learning is typically imperative and required for a student to realize their true potential and this is a generally accepted fact for a number of reasons. However, the level of involvement that a parent or parents have with their child's learning at the pivotal and important secondary school level that connects elementary learning and college-level learning has to be balanced as going to either extreme can be harmful. Disengaged parents can obviously hurt secondary-level students but students that are too engaged or wrongly engaged need to be managed and massaged as well whenever possible because the damage can be just as bad if not worse than a disengaged parent.

Problem Statement

It is customary and expected for parents to be highly involved in their child's learning at the elementary level and it is also common for parents to start to disengage once the child…...

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References

Aleccia, J. (2013, May 26). Helping or hovering? When 'helicopter parenting' backfires

NBC News.com. Breaking News & Top Stories - World News, U.S. & Local | NBC

News. Retrieved August 20, 2013, from  http://www.nbcnews.com/health/helping -

or-hovering-when-helicopter-parenting-backfires-6C10079904

unning head: PAENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN MINOITY COMMUNITY IN U.S PUBLIC SCHOOLS PAENTAL INVOLVEMENT IN MINOITY COMMUNITY IN U.S PUBLIC SCHOOL 29Parental Involvement in Minority Community in U.S Public SchoolsAbstractThe socio-economic status of minority communities greatly impacts the residence choice and the schools where parents take their children, limiting their childrens educative process. This study examines parents involvement in minority communities in their childrens education process in public schools. A quantitative approach to the research study will be employed to explore the problem statements problem and allow the researcher to examine the variables identified in the literature review and the conceptual framework. The sample population involved (n=20) parents from two public schools, ten in each district. The study comprised ten men and ten women, where five men and women were selected from each school. The parent selected were distributed equally from African American and Hispanic ethnicity since they are the minority…...

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ReferencesAgronick, G., Clark, A., O’Donnell, L., & Stueve, A. (2019). Parent involvement strategies in urban middle and high schools in the Northeast and Islands Region [Ebook] (69th ed.). Institute of Education Sciences, National Center for Education Evaluation and Regional Assistance. Retrieved from   S., Haider, Z., Munir, F., Khan, H., & Ahmed, A. (2013). Factors Contributing to the Students Academic Performance: A Case Study of Islamia University Sub-Campus. American Journal of Educational Research, 1(8), 283-289.  https://doi.org/10.12691/education-1-8-3 Araque, J. C., Wietstock, C., Cova, H. M., & Zepeda, S. (2017). Impact of Latino Parent Engagement on Student Academic Achievement: A Pilot Study. School Community Journal, 27(2), 229-250.Busetto, L., Wick, W., & Gumbinger, C. (2020). How to use and assess qualitative research methods. Neurological Research And Practice, 2(1). DOI: 10.1186/s42466-020-00059-zConnecticut State Department of Education. (2018). Full, equal, and equitable partnerships with families [Ebook].Connecticut State Department of Education. (2020). Adapt, Advance, Achieve: Connecticut’s Plan to Learn and Grow Together [Ebook]. Connecticut State Department of Education.Cotton, K., & Wikelund, K. (2005). Parent involvement in education. Available at: http:/www.nwrel.org/. De Pedro, K. T., Astor, R. A., Gilreath, T. D., Benbenishty, R., & Berkowitz, R. (2018). School climate, deployment, and mental health among students in military-connected schools. Youth & Society, 50(1), 93-115.Denessen, E. J. P. G., Bakker, J. T. A., & Gierveld, M. R. M. (2007). Multi-ethnic schools’ parent involvement policies and practices.Epstein, J. L., Sanders, M. G., Sheldon, S. B., Simon, B. S., Salinas, K. C., Jansorn, N. R., ... & Hutchins, D. J. (2018). School, family, and community partnerships: Your handbook for action. City: Corwin Press.Erdener, M., & Knoeppel, R. (2018). Parents’ Perceptions of Their Involvement in Schooling. International Journal Of Research In Education And Science, 1-13. DOI: 10.21890/ijres.369197Espinosa, E. M., Sorensen, J. R., & Lopez, M. A. (2013). Youth pathways to placement: The influence of gender, mental health need, and trauma on confinement in the juvenile justice system. Journal of Youth & Adolescence, 42(12), 1824-1836.Gordon, V., & Nocon, H. (2008). Reproducing segregation: Parent involvement, diversity, and school governance. Journal of Latinos and Education, 7(4), 320-339Inoa, R. (2017). Parental involvement among middle-income Latino parents living in a middle-class community. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences,  39(3), 316-335.Khajehpour, M., & Ghazvini, S. (2011). The role of parental involvement affect in children’s academic performance. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 15, 1204-1208. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.03.263Lawson, M. A., & Alameda-Lawson, T. (2012). A case study of school-linked, collective parent engagement. American Educational Research Journal, 49(4), 651-684.Lester, P., Aralis, H., Sinclair, M., Kiff, C., Lee, K. H., Mustillo, S., & Wadsworth, S. M. (2016). The impact of deployment on parental, family, and child adjustment in military families. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(6), 938-949.Long, C. (2007). Parent in the picture: Building relationships that last beyond back to school night. NEA Today, 26-31.Lv, B., Zhou, H., Liu, C., Guo, X., Liu, J., & Jiang, K. et al. (2018). The Relationship Between Parental Involvement and Children’s Self-Efficacy Profiles: A Person-Centered Approach. Journal Of Child And Family Studies, 27(11), 3730-3741. DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1201-6National Parent Teacher Association. (2006). National standards for parent/family involvement programs. Retrieved from: http://www.pta.org/picert/Quick. (2016). How Racially Diverse Schools and Classrooms Can Benefit All Students. Retrieved 1 April 2021, from  https://tcf.org/content/report/how-racially-diverse-schools-and-classrooms-can-benefit-all-students/?session=1 Reynolds, A. D., Crea, T. M., Medina, J., Degnan, E., & McRoy, R. (2015). A mixed-methods case study of parent involvement in an urban high school serving minority students. Urban Education, 50(6), 750-775.Rivera, H., & Li, J. T. (2019). Hispanic Parents’ Involvement and Teachers’ Empowerment as Pathways to Hispanic English Learners’ Academic Performance. Hispanic Journal of Behavioral Sciences, 41(2), 214-230Rivera, L., & Lavan, N. (2012). Family literacy practices and parental involvement of Latin American immigrant mothers. Journal of Latinos and Education,  11(4), 247-259.Robertson-Kraft, C., & Duckworth, A. L. (2014). True grit: Trait-level perseverance and passion for long-term goals predict effectiveness and retention among novice teachers. Teachers College Record, 116(3).Robles, S. (2011). Parental involvement in an urban minority school district. Seton Hall University Dissertations and Theses. Ruggiano, N., & Perry, T. (2017). Conducting secondary analysis of qualitative data: Should we, can we, and how?. Qualitative Social Work, 18(1), 81-97. DOI: 10.1177/1473325017700701Smith, J., Wohlstetter, P., Kuzin, C. A., & De Pedro, K. (2011). Parent involvement in urban charter schools: New strategies for increasing participation. School Community Journal,  21(1), 71-94.Teachers view immigrant, minority parents as less involved in their children’s education. (2018). Retrieved 1 April 2021, from https://www.eurekalert.org/pub_releases/2018-06/uop-tvi061918.phpThompson, G. L. (2010). The power of one how you can help or harm African American students. Thousand Oaks, Calif.: Corwin Press.Uyan?k, G., & Güler, N. (2013). A Study on Multiple Linear Regression Analysis. Procedia - Social And Behavioral Sciences, 106, 234-240. DOI: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.12.027Whitesell, M., Bachand, A., Peel, J., & Brown, M. (2013). Familial, Social, and Individual Factors Contributing to Risk for Adolescent Substance Use. Journal Of Addiction, 2013, 1-9. DOI: 10.1155/2013/57931AppendicesTable 1: Participant Questionnaire Demographic Information Questions 1. Age: 2. Ethnicity: 3. Married: 4. Level of education earned:5. The number of school-aged children currently in the household:Table 2: Semi Open-Ended Questionnaire QuestionsQuestions Opening Questions 1. What grade does your child (select one if there several at school) score on average?1) F2) D3) C4) B5) A 2. How much income does our household generate annually? (tick where applicable)1) A maximum of $15,0002) A maximum of $30,0003) A maximum of $45,0004) A maximum of $60,0005) Above $75,0003. How would you rate tour school efforts in engaging you in the education process of your child? (tick where applicable)1) None 2) Poor3) Good4) Very Good4. Do you think your participation is sufficient? (tick where applicable)1) Yes 2) I could do more3) I like to do more but don’t have the time Table 3: Descriptive statistics of the social, economic status of the participants.   Age   Number of School-aged children   Level of education earned Mean 33.1 Mean 1.45 Mean 1.95 Standard Error 2.231237561 Standard Error 0.135239 Standard Error 0.169752 Median 34 Median 1 Median 2 Mode 34 Mode 1 Mode 2 Standard Deviation 9.97839772 Standard Deviation 0.604805 Standard Deviation 0.759155 Sample Variance 99.56842105 Sample Variance 0.365789 Sample Variance 0.576316 Kurtosis -0.515468061 Kurtosis 0.188579 Kurtosis -1.15444 Skewness 0.179313955 Skewness 1.003157 Skewness 0.086213 Range 36 Range 2 Range 2 Minimum 18 Minimum 1 Minimum 1 Maximum 54 Maximum 3 Maximum 3 Sum 662 Sum 29 Sum 39 Count 20 Count 20 Count 20 Largest (1) 54 Largest (1) 3 Largest (1) 3 Smallest (1) 18 Smallest (1) 1 Smallest (1) 1 Confidence Level (95.0%) 4.670033886 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.283058 Confidence Level (95.0%) 0.355295Table 3: Regression Analysis SUMMARY OUTPUT Regression Statistics Multiple R 0.654482 R Square 0.428347 Adjusted R Square 0.321162 Standard Error 0.7782 Observations 20 ANOVA   df SS MS F Significance F Regression 3 7.260482 2.420161 3.996337 0.026659 Residual 16 9.689518 0.605595 Total 19 16.95         Coefficients Standard Error t Stat P-value Lower 95% Upper 95% Lower 95.0% Upper 95.0% Intercept -0.76206 1.114636 -0.68369 0.503954 -3.12498 1.600859 -3.12498 1.600859 household income 0.490248 0.205104 2.390238 0.029486 0.055446 0.925049 0.055446 0.925049 School Interventions 0.513517 0.235298 2.182414 0.044331 0.014708 1.012325 0.014708 1.012325 level of education 0.529143 0.269187 1.965713 0.066933 -0.04151 1.099793 -0.04151 1.099793https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED505024.pdf Ali,

Administrative Strategies for Effective Communication
Education contains multiple responsibilities. One starts the learning process in the world from within the family nurture, before continuing to pursue formal education in schools and academy. However, human does not stop learning from their family. Getting exposed to higher education, they also learn things from hands-on experiences and from what are happening in their surroundings.

This reveals the fact that family and environment are two contributing factors, in addition to formal education process in official institution in a community. The three factors determine how education makes one person in the society a distinct, honorable man.

With the great potentials, now education has been a regional issue. Fully conventional learning processes have been attempted within the education system. However, with the growing needs to perform effective schooling and to gain the best academic result, educators realize the need to incorporate the three factors: school, parents, and communities, to…...

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Bibliography

Chalkboard Tips and Resources. 1996. The Family Resource Coalition's Report "Parents Leading the Way" Vol. 15 No. 2. Web site: http://www.handinhand.org/parentinvolve.html.

ERIC Document. Communities Connecting Family and Schools. Strong Families, Strong Schools. Web site: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/families/strong/community.html

ERIC Document. School-Family Web site: http://eric-web.tc.columbia.edu/families/strong/sfp.html.

ERIC Documents. Family Involvement. Strong Families, Strong Schools. http://eric-web.tc.columbia.eu/families/strong/involve.html.

Advocacy Case Study
achel Faybyshev

Professional Issues and Ethics in Counseling

Dr. Aaron Lieberman

Identify the institutional and social barriers that impede access, equity and success for this client

Advocacy is defined as speaking on behalf of someone and helping him or her navigate when they cannot speak for themselves. Changes are driven by an awareness of inequities with intent to move humanity toward "enlightened world society." It is important to try to help those in need who cannot help themselves. Counselor's function as advocates when they use their skills in helping clients challenge institutional barriers that impede their personal, social, academic or career goals (Corey, G., p.471). In the case of Monique, she is a 16-year-old girl that has lost her way recently and is need of guidance.

Before, Monique was bright and driven, excelling in school. This changed four months ago. Over the past four months she has regressed significantly academically and socially. There…...

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References

Corey, G., Corey, S. C, Corey, C., and Callahan, P. Issues and Ethics in the Helping

Professions (9th ed.). Stamford, CT.: Brooks/Cole.

The writer concludes that the social scientists have been correct when they have mentioned the family dynamics and parental behavior as major influences in the growth and development of the child.
Also Henry iller (1993) asserts that the ability of the parents to develop an intimate connection with their baby and their essential responsibility throughout the newborn's growth and maturity has a profound impact on the behavior of the child because it helps their child to build and grow an upbeat body figure, self-worth, ethical principles and academic and social capability.

Therefore in light of the above mentioned facts it is essential for parents to spend a lot of time with their children and engage in constructive activities so that they can be emotionally connected with their parents and grow up to be trusting and loving individuals.

ibliography

Annie Murphy Paul. Do Parents Really Matter? Psychology Today, Vol. 31, January-February 1998

etsy ates. Parents'…...

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Bibliography

Annie Murphy Paul. Do Parents Really Matter? Psychology Today, Vol. 31, January-February 1998

Betsy Bates. Parents' 'Prompting' Behavior Encourages Smoking. (Survey of Seventh and Eighth Graders). Family Practice News; 11/1/2001.

Fred Hutchinson. Parents Who Quit Smoking When Their Kids Are Young May Have a Big Influence on Whether Their Offspring Will Quit Smoking in Young Adulthood. PR Newswire; 3/1/2005

Henry B. Biller. Fathers and Families: Paternal Factors in Child Development. Auburn House, 1993

Baird, J., ehm, ., Hinds, P., Baggot, C., Davies, B. (2016). Do you know my child?
Continuity of nursing care in the pediatric intensive care unit. Nursing esearch, 65(2): 142-150.

Barid et al. (2016) provide a grounded theory, qualitative assessment of seven parents and 12 nurses using in-depth interviews with participants, observational assessment, and documents from within the organization under scrutiny in order to "explore the delivery of continuity of nursing care in the PICU from the perspective of both parents and nurses" (p. 142). The researchers describe continuity of nursing as being very important to parents, as they feel that there is better consistency of quality care when there is consistency within the ranks of the staff in terms of how nurses treat patients, how prompt they are, how their persona is and how well they interact with patients and parents, etc. Through the conducting of interviews with parents, the…...

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References

Baird, J., Rehm, R., Hinds, P., Baggot, C., Davies, B. (2016). Do you know my child?

Continuity of nursing care in the pediatric intensive care unit. Nursing Research, 65(2): 142-150.

Dissatisfaction with elementary school teachers and the educational environment usually meant that the same parents remained dissatisfied with the high school teachers and high school environment. he researcher suggests that the research gathered in the current study be used to improve community relations and more importantly, to improve the one-on-one relationships between all public school professionals and all parents. he author also notes that elementary school education provides a strong foundation for student math and literacy competency. hose competencies will carry over into middle and high school. herefore, African-American students who did not receive an adequate early childhood education are less likely to thrive in later grades.
African-American parents varied with regard to the factors that influence their perceptions about public schools and their staff. Course materials and caliber of homework was one factor that impacted African-American parent perspectives. Some parents, however, attributed their children's success or failure to personal…...

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Thompson's research is highly relevant to school administrators and counselors throughout the country. Most schools in the United States will have a substantial number of African-American students. Their needs and those of their parents are not being addressed well enough. Establishing solid ties between schools and their communities will help improve pubic relations and may also help raise the academic performance standards for African-American children. School administrators, teachers, and counselors should be able to satisfy the needs of all parents and children.

The researcher used a questionnaire to gather data about perceptions of public schools. All participants were self-described as African-Americans. A high number of participants were dissatisfied with their children's high school teachers: a greater number than those dissatisfied only with their children's elementary school teachers. Thompson (2003) also found that the participants' perceptions of elementary school teachers was positively correlated with perceptions of high school teachers. Dissatisfaction with elementary school teachers and the educational environment usually meant that the same parents remained dissatisfied with the high school teachers and high school environment. The researcher suggests that the research gathered in the current study be used to improve community relations and more importantly, to improve the one-on-one relationships between all public school professionals and all parents. The author also notes that elementary school education provides a strong foundation for student math and literacy competency. Those competencies will carry over into middle and high school. Therefore, African-American students who did not receive an adequate early childhood education are less likely to thrive in later grades.

African-American parents varied with regard to the factors that influence their perceptions about public schools and their staff. Course materials and caliber of homework was one factor that impacted African-American parent perspectives. Some parents, however, attributed their children's success or failure to personal effort. Ohters noted that racism and race awareness might affect school performance. Regardless of perceived reasons for African-American student performance in school, the system must respond to the persistent achievement gap between black and white students. Thompson's (2003) research emphasizes the need to establish relationships with African-American parents early: before high school. Although the author does not offer any specific suggestions for policy change, some can be inferred. For example, African-American parents expressed a preference for educational materials that they deemed relevant and meaningful for their children (p. 10). Consulting with African-American parents when their children are still in elementary school might help those parents trust that the system is responsive to their needs and the needs of their children.

Children aised by Same-Sex Parents have more Problems than Children aised by Different-Sex or Single Parents
As more and more states legalize same-sex marriages, there is growing concerning among many proponents and critics alike about the effect that these civil unions will have on children. Although many children of same-sex unions are from previous heterosexual unions, adoption is also being used by growing numbers of same-sex partners and new reproductive technologies are providing lesbian couples with the ability to "father" their own children and surrogate mothers are available to gay couples if they have the financial resources. Given the increasing numbers of children who are being raised in same-sex parent households, these are legitimate issues that require further examination to determine if popular thought that children raised by same-sex parents have more problems than children raised by different sex or even single parents. To this end, this paper provides a review…...

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References

Allen, D.W. (2006). An economic assessment of same-sex marriage laws. Harvard Journal of Law & Public Policy, 29(3), 949-951.

Crowl, A., Ahn, S. & Baker, J. (2008). A meta-analysis of developmental outcomes for children of same-sex and heterosexual parents. Journal of GLBT Family Studies, 4(3), 385-407.

Somerville, M. (2007). Children's human rights and unlinking child-parent biological bonds with adoption, same-sex marriage and new reproductive technologies. Journal of Family

Studies, 13(2), 179-180.

Family Involvement at School
I enjoy working with the students at my school tremendously. At the K-8 school in Borough Park Brooklyn NY, there are largely Chinese and Hispanic demographics. Working with students and parents is what will prove crucial in improving the academic success of the students.

There are a number of things that are happening at my school in regards to family-involvement that are really making me excited for the improvement of the students' academic success. A lot of my Chinese-American students do get a lot of parent involvement at home. I hear from the students that their parents help them with daily homework and even push them to go beyond that day's lesson in order to prepare for the next upcoming lessons. In fact, I do see a heightened level of at-home parent involvement with the Chinese-American students, probably more so than any other demographic of students at the…...

Children of Alcoholic Parents
It is generally accepted that alcoholism tends to run in families and that compared with children of non-alcoholics, children of alcoholic parents have approximately four time greater risk of becoming alcoholics themselves (Reich Pp). However, the causal factors that determine the development of alcohol abuse and dependence have not yet been conclusively determined (Reich Pp).

Studies from the 1950's and 1960's generally emphasized psychosocial explanation, such as "poor parenting, lack of good role models. And impoverished home life" (Reich Pp). Beginning in the 1970's, research has investigated heritable components in the familial transmission of alcoholism" (Reich Pp). Adoption studies analyses of half-siblings and studies comparing identical and fraternal twins have all provided evidence that genetic factors play a crucial role in the etiology of alcoholism (Reich Pp). Although there is strong evidence for a genetic contribution, few researchers would deny the influence of environmental factors in the development…...

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Work Cited

Nishioka, Elaine. "Helping children of alcoholics."

Journal of School Health; 11/1/1989; Pp.

Chassin, Laurie. "Academic Achievement in Adolescent Children of Alcoholics."

Journal of Studies on Alcohol; 1/1/1999; Pp.

36). Thus, such research could also generate results which point to the truths of human words and actions of parents that contribute to healthy and unhealthy relationships with alcohol. In this case, these findings would not be as the result of numbers, but would be as the result of uncovered viewpoints and perspectives verbalized by the participants.
Potential Questions:

Which parenting style (authoritarian, authoritative, permissive, uninvolved) in the Jewish community (Ashkanas, Hasidic, Sfardy) connects most strongly with college freshman (18-26) alcohol abuse and alcohol maturity?

How do offspring's perspectives on their parents' parenting styles impact their relationship with alcohol as it manifests during college years in the Jewish community?

How do parenting styles characterized by warmth and attentiveness impact children's consumption of alcohol in the college years in the Jewish community?

How do parenting styles characterized by high expectations, structure and rigidity impact children's relationship to alcohol during college years in the Jewish community?

These questions…...

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References

Balter, L. (2000). Parenthood in America: An Encyclopedia, Volume 1. Santa Barbara: ABC-CLIO.

Benson, J.B.; Haith, M.M. (2009). Social and Emotional Development in Infancy and Early Childhood. San Diego: Academic Press.

Cohen, D., & Rice, J. (1997). Parenting Styles, Adolescent Substance Use, and Academic Achievement. Journal of Drug Education, 199-211.

Houghton, E., & Roche, a. (2001). Learning About Drinking. Philadelphia: Psychology Press.

eluctance of Parents to Visit the School
ole of Parents in Children's Education

Education has always been a very important part of human existence and has been an inseparable part of human civilization. There has been a lot of development on the education portal and mankind has learned great deal from the education function (Jeynes, 2005). Every milestone which is achieved and every development which is made in any direction is due to the knowledge provided through education. This function has been researched and is very much detailed in terms of style and method. Several researchers and experts have proposed and devised methods which can make education and knowledge imparting more effective and efficient (Hill & Tyson, 2009). Talking about a student at elementary level, it is all the more important to understand the needs of such young individuals and analyze the education function accordingly (Tschannen-Moran and Hoy, 2007). This paper discusses…...

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References

Jeynes, W.H. (2005).A metaanalysis of the relation of parental involvement to urban elementary school student academic achievement. Urban Education. 40(3), 237-269.

Stewart, E.B. (2008). School structural characteristics, student effort, peer associations, and parental involvement: The influence of school and individual level factors on academic achievement. Education and Urban Society, 40(2), 179-204.

Hill, N.E. & Tyson, D.F. (2009). Parental involvement in middle school: a met analytic assessment of the strategies that promote achievement. Developmental Psychology, 49(3), 740-763.

Hill, N., and Taylor, L. (2004). Parental school involvement and children's academic achievement: Pragmatics and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 13(4) 161-164.