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Pharmacy Information Security
Information Security in Pharmacies
Information security is vital in many firms especially pharmacies and other sensitive fields. Security officers are, therefore, necessary to ensure both physical and logical safety. The Information Security Officer/Manager (ISO) will have different duties such as managing the information security functions in according to the firm's established guidelines and provisions/policies, providing reports to the firm's management at reasonable intervals, establishing and ensuring implementation of information security procedures and standards, according to the state's provisions regarding risk management policies, consulting and recommending to the pharmacy on issues of security enhancement, conducting information security analysis and assessment programs and many others.
Protecting medication, funds and health information
According to statistics, many health firms such as pharmacies and hospitals have adopted the electronic health records (EH) model to store their information. However, these firms still use physical records such as filing to store their information. In…
References
Fennelly, L. (2012). Effective Physical Security. New York: Butterworth -- Heinemann Publishers.
Finefrock, J. (2008, November 8). Integrated Security Programs: Protect Data, Pharmaceuticals, Merchandise and Employees. Retrieved December 18, 2012, from http://www.diebold.com/dnpssec/casestudies/DBD_WhitePaper_PharmacySecurity.pdf
Flammini, F. (2012). Critical Infrastructure Security: Assessment, Prevention, Detection, Response. New York: WIT Press.
Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations, (1998). Storing and Securing Medications. New York: Joint Commission Resources.
By monitoring patients in that process, the pharmacist has the opportunity to identify mistakes and other difficulties that could result in errors in drug administration. In a more general sense, pharmacists represent a valuable source of medical information for patients that could help prevent or identify problems before they manifest themselves in presentations that, in the most serious cases, result in unnecessary emergencies and hospitalizations. Technology and Communications:
The evolution of modern technology has had a profound effect on the pharmacy profession, just as it has on medicine in general. Computerization of internal systems, mobile communication, instantaneous access to published research, advisories, and warnings enables the professional pharmacist to provide comprehensive care that far exceeds mere drug dispensation and distribution.
The age of Internet connectivity means that all communications devices and data storage systems are now interconnected. Beyond the logistical and patient safety considerations with which interconnectivity in pharmacy facilitates…
Pharmacy
Hospital/Clinic Pharmacies and Operations Management
The ongoing healthcare debate in this country is not just about the ethicality of medicinal practice, profits, and limitations on access to care, but is also fundamentally and directly about cost. As medical facilities are expected to provide more and more services by upgrading technologies, maintaining current knowledge bases, and often increasing staff, they are also being accused (in part) of contributing to the rising costs of healthcare. Finding a way to balance the provision of comprehensive and quality care with cost efficiency is thus a major concern for hospitals and clinics in the modern era, and there are many steps that can be taken to enhance cost efficiency. The operation of pharmacies is one area that many hospitals and clinics could examine to determine if it is truly a cost effective and worthwhile endeavor given their overall effects on operations at the medical…
References
Desselle, S. & Zgarrick, D. (2005). Pharmacy management. McGraw Hill.
Langabeer, J. (2005). Health care operations management. Sudbury, MA: Jones & Bartlett.
Stephens, M. (2006). Hospital pharmacy. London: Pharmaceutical Press.
Pharmacy application was only nine years old when my grandmother was diagnosed with Alzheimer's Disease. We were still living in Iran at the time, where my mother worked fulltime as a nurse. My grandmother had practically raised me herself. With the diagnosis, it was now my turn to take care of grandmother.
A became very involved with grandmother's medication, learning about the different drugs she had to take and reminding her to take the pills on time. Over time, as the Alzheimer's progressed, the medication my grandmother was taking increased. While it became more challenging to keep up with the various pills and tablets, the early experience also piqued my interest in medicines and the various treatments used to ease the symptoms of diseases and to provide comfort to those who are ill.
Much has changed in my life since my grandmother's diagnosis with Alzheimer's Disease. I had since graduated…
Pharmacy Experiences
When describing their various maladies, the clients at my local pharmacy ranged from being completely open and frank to being noticeably ashamed. One woman, for instance, spoke of her skin disorder loudly, so that practically everyone in the room could hear, while another woman's voice was a barely audible whisper so she could hide her obvious embarrassment. When the pharmacist had to lean over the counter to hear her properly, I realized how important it would be for me to develop sensitivity while on the job. Rather than simply possessing knowledge about all available pharmaceutical products on the market and being aware of contraindications and other complications that arise, pharmacists must possess good people skills.
Unfortunately, not all the pharmacists I witnessed were skillful in this area. Some were brusque and unsupportive of their client's needs, only concerned with an efficient filling of orders. While I understand that…
This ability to learn from adversity will stand me well in the graduate study of pharmacy. My work in the restaurant taught me how serving others can fulfill my sense of self as well as learning about the research aspects of science. Service remains an important aspect of the pharmacy profession. Serving the public, I have learned over this past year, is equally as crucial to my sense of esteem as to learn about the scientific aspects of health. The fact I am bilingual and also have a rudimentary grasp of sign language are an additional asset to my ability to excel as a pharmacist. I have volunteered as a pharmacy assistant as well as worked in service capacities as a technical assistant, a waitress, and taught Sunday school. I believe that my personal experiences, academic pursuits and passions, and personal characteristics will all combine to make me an ideal…
Pharmacy Career Info.
As if the pharmaceutical companies and the pharmacists at drug stores need something more to worry about, the latest issue is drug counterfeiting. While this issue in the United States is still rare, the number of investigations are on the rise. According to the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the number of counterfeit drug investigations has risen from an average of five per year in the 1990s to more than 20 per year since 2000 (Genuario, 2004, p. 54). Anyone entering the pharmaceutical industry today will hear a great deal of information about this topic over the next several years to come.
This problem becomes even more complicated when introducing online sales of prescription products. How is it possible to make sure that the authentic product is being purchased, plus at the right quantity and correct price? Another problem is buying from other countries. In July 2004,…
References Cited
Drug Store News (2004) "Operations excellence is obsession that delivers reliability and service." 26 (9), 32-34
FDA Consumer ( 2004) "Protecting consumers from counterfeit drugs." 38 (3), 12-14.
Kirsche, M.L. (2004) "Counterfeit drugs from Mexico dupe cross-border bargain hunters." Store News 26(10), 6-7.
Genuario, L. (2004) "Pharmaceutical labeling: driven mainly by brand protection concerns and regulations, pharmaceutical labels are becoming ever more sophisticated." Label & Narrow Web. 9(6), 54-59.
The solution to this is that a pharmacist must be patient, listen to the patient, and talk with the patient before sending the patient out into the world, clutching his or her bottle of medication. For example, if an elderly person comes in to fill a prescription, the pharmacist must be aware if the medication might have potential interactions with aspirin, an over the counter medication many older people take as protection against heart disease. The pharmacist must use compassion and common sense in dealing with different types of patients, young and old.
I wish to go to California, for a two-year's program in pharmacy because I believe my undergraduate education has given me a sound grounding in science, and I seek further training in the methodology of pharmaceutical practice and patient relations in a state that I love, and whose patients I seek to help, both with the dispensing…
Each individual can then begin his or her own study process with a summary understanding of the topic, which can save time and promote greater effectiveness in studying. I also find that teaching others is one of the most effective ways in which I can master a topic, and this is an important element of group work.
Question 3
Effective use of a team-based learning environment requires excellent communication skills, leadership skills and openness to the viewpoints of others. I believe that I possess all three of these skills. I communicate my needs and desires effectively in a manner that is neither intrusive nor offensive to others. Good communication involves active listening, synthesizing of information, and being able to present information concisely and clearly. Leadership skills can also be very useful in a group learning environment. Although not every individual in a group can be the leader, possessing leadership skills…
My goal is to eventually become a part of a research team that develops and tests new pharmaceuticals, possibly for something as large as an effective antiviral and vaccine for eliminating HIV, or even helping to eradicate cancer. I have also seen the power of pharmaceuticals -- and the detriment of their lack -- in less publicized situations that are even more common, and can have just as profound an effect. Becoming a pharmaceutical researcher means having an opportunity to truly improve people's lives, and this is what I would like to dedicate my life to.
I have been working at a medical imaging company for the past seven years, and my dealings with patients have both firm my resolved in this course and helped to prepare me for some of what I will encounter in the wider world. Even more helpful on this last point are the annual trips…
The muscle-related side effects common to these medications are called Extra-Pyramidal Side effects, or EPS. Thus, atypical neuroleptics can be considered the newer drugs and these drugs target specific dopamine receptors and/or may block or inhibit re-uptake of serotonin.
b. "The mechanism of action of Abilify, as with other drugs having efficacy in schizophrenia, is unknown. However, it has been proposed that the efficacy of Abilify is mediated through a combination of partial agonist activity at dopamine D2 receptors and serotonin 5HT1A receptors, and antagonist activity at serotonin 5HT2A receptors. Partial agonism refers to the ability to both block a receptor if it is over stimulated and stimulate a receptor when activity is needed." (Abilify)
9. The entire nervous system is made up of individual units of nerve cells which serve as our body's communication network. To communicate with each other, nerve cells use a variety of chemical messengers or…
Works Cited
Abilify (2004) Unique Pharmacology. Abilify. Retrieved on 12 Jan. 2005 from http://www.abilify.com/abilify/channels/hcpcontent.jsp?BV_UseBVCookie=Yes&channelName=Left_Navigation// .
American Cancer Society, Inc. (2005) A Caution Against Self-Prescribing Vitamins American Cancer Society, Inc. Retrieved on 12 Jan. 2005 from American Cancer Society, Inc. At http://www.cancer.org/docroot/NWS/content/NWS_1_1x_A_Caution_Against_Self_Prescribing_Vitamins.asp .
American Lung Association (2004 November). Multidrug-Resistant Tuberculosis Fact Sheet. Retrieved on. 12 January 2005 from American Lung Association at http://www.lungusa.org/site/pp.asp?c=dvLUK9O0E&b=35815 .
Avastin (Bevacizumab) - Angiogenesis Inhibitor And Cancer Therapy Genentech. Retrieved on 12 Jan. 2005 from drugdevelopment-technology.com at http://www.drugdevelopment-technology.com/projects/avastin/ .
Pharmacy Application
Thank you in advance for your consideration of my application to enroll in pharmacy school in Canada. Currently I am in the third year of university as an honours biochemistry major. I am twenty years old and I speak three languages -- English is my first language, and I am also fluent in Cantonese and Mandarin. I have had a vision for myself for several years as a pharmacist in Canada, and this presentation reflects my sincere desire to attend pharmacy school, graduate, and begin work as a highly trained, fully competent and compassionate pharmacist.
My research into the available literature points out that in Canada, besides collaborating with patients and families -- and other healthcare providers -- the role of the pharmacist is broadening to include several other services. Those include immunization programs, wellness programs, reviews of medication procedures and chronic disease management. It is exciting to…
If you had been there to see me, you would have me smiling, heard cool and competent advice come from my lips, and perhaps had an inkling of my aspirations because of my enthusiasm.
My immediate professional goal is to get the needed foundational education to obtain doctor of pharmacy, the only degree that will allow me to become a licensed pharmacist. WHATEVER University provides prospective pharmacists with a full range of knowledge of their chosen vocation, and all of the many challenges of the profession I aspire to enter. The school's structured program will allow me to gain more experience in the pharmacist's field. My long-term professional goal is to start my own pharmacy.
A still wish to be that face behind the pharmacist's counter, but hope that someday I shall own the counter, the store, and have the great and awesome responsibility for having the final say over…
pharmacy a career Doctor pharmacy degree relates long-term professional goals. Describe the warmth of her handshake, the look of gratitude in her eyes, and her words of appreciation are with me still. The elderly lady with the round spectacles and the graying hair had long been one of my favorite clients; the sincere expression on her face and the light of her smile have now made her my favorite client. Her beaming demeanor was nothing like the that of the disappointed, frustrated, and concerned woman who had come to me two days prior, perhaps now because she had one less health issue to worry about.
This reaction from Mrs. Marbury was just one of the many positive interactions I have had with my clients since working as a pharmacist. I had called her physician and expressed her concern that the cosmetic medicine prescribed for her was not the one that…
Pharmacy School
There are several reasons that motivate me to become a pharmacist. One of them centers around my keen interest in the field of Chemistry and the other revolves around my interest in understanding the chemical composition of drugs. Throughout my education, I have become aware of the key roles that chemical molecules and components play in the formation of pharmaceutical drugs.
From the very beginning during my studies, I had shown keen curiosity in the area of Chemistry and Pharmacy. Since I moved from Tanzania, East Africa to Florida, USA, I showed my interests in the field of Chemistry. Later, when I was a student at Palm Beach Community High School, I was admitted in the pre-medicine magnet program. In subsequent years, I attended County Home and did internship with Palm Beach Medical Center. All of these activities were closely related to the disciplines of chemistry and pharmacy,…
Pharmacy Program
As someone who enjoys helping people, I have always been interested in pharmacy work. Currently, I work as a pharmacist at the National Guard Hospital in iyadh, Saudi Arabia. I graduated from King Saud University's College of Pharmacy and hold a bachelor's degree in pharmaceutical science. Preparing to work as a pharmacist was not easy, but I am a hard worker who is very dedicated to anything I do for myself and for others. My current goal is to obtain a pharm.D degree, and then follow that up with a specialization in one of my areas of interest - infectious disease, transplants, or pediatrics. The Pharm.D program will provide me with the opportunity to further refine the skills that I already have and will allow me to work at meeting the challenges of a health care environment that is always changing. By getting into the program, I hope…
References
Lakely, J.G. (2003). HHS chief presses Medicare reform; Drug benefit must be 'dessert,' he says. The Washington Times.
Miller, J. (2003). Senate to debate Medicare reform; Santorum hopes to refine prescription drug coverage details. The Morning Call.
Reichers, A.E., Wanous, J.P., & Austin, J.T.(1997). Understanding and managing cynicism about organizational change. The Academy of Management Executive 11(1), 48-60.
Schein, E. (1992). Organizational Culture and Leadership. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
Competence in operating hospital systems and procedures for drug control, etc.
Being shown how to clear the dot-matrix printer when jammed-up with sticky labels for drug containers; how to reload the continuous strip of labels into the printer; and how to decide if the equipment technician(s) need(s) to be called in if a serious jam occurs.
Ability to use the dot-matrix printer efficiently for typing labels for drug containers.
Initial/continuing education
Qualification to support competent performance as a pharmacy technician.
Source: Mckelvey & Peters 144-5.
Preparing for a Career and Compensation as a Pharmacy Technician. Some educational institutions offer coursework that qualifies individuals as pharmacy technicians upon graduation (Black, 2000). In other cases, on-the-job experience is available for students wanting to pursue a career as a pharmacy technician and a combination of the two is also available in some parts of the country. For instance, in their essay, "Revitalizing High…
Works Cited
Bandow, Doug. 2003, September. "Demonizing Drugmakers: The Political Assault on the Pharmaceutical Industry." USA Today 132(2700):30.
Black, Isaac. African-American Student's College Guide: Your One-Stop Resource for Choosing the Right College, Getting In, and Paying the Bill. New York: Wiley, 2000.
Goldberger, Susan and Richard Kazis. 1996. "Revitalizing High Schools: What the School-to- Career Movement Can Contribute." Phi Delta Kappan 77(8):547.
Klingenstein, Beth Gigante. 2002, December. "It's All of Your Business: Do We Need an Attitude Adjustment?" American Music Teacher 52(3):66.
desire to study pharmacy in this school is motivated through my personal and practical desire to exercise my knowledge about pharmacy in the greatest way possible. One of my primary motivations why I want to study pharmacy is because I am thoroughly interested in this course especially since it concerns the study of math and science, two subjects that I excelled on in high school. Pharmacy also provides me with the academic challenge that I want to have since I've always wanted to know how drug is made and works for people who need it; the nature of how drugs and medicine can affect people's lives directly is a good study of the wonders of the study of medicine.
Aside from the academic challenge that Pharmacy provides for the student, this course also provides the student with the most number of patient contact. Patient contact is important for me because…
Pharmacy School
After serious deliberation regarding a career in pharmacy services, I am confident that my personal aspirations and allied interests are in line with what the health care industry expects from a Pharmacist. While it is pre-requisite to gain sound clinical skills, my aim is to take up postgraduate studies, attend courses and seminars to continually update my knowledge; and become skilled at evaluating published evidence and health economic data. To facilitate my studies I plan to gain a broad understanding of primary care systems, hospital interface issues, the pharmaceutical industry and a perspective on global public health; and learn more about marketing and information technology. Although I am comfortable working as part of a team, I am also able to work independently. I believe that the Pharmacist should gain a practical knowledge of entrepreneurship should the opportunity arise to consider a management position within the industry or set…
child in Taiwan I have wanted to use science and medicine in my eventual career. However, when I first immigrated here with my family four years ago, at the age of 18, I was afraid it might not be possible. Neither I nor anyone in my family spoke any English. However, I began learning the language, started taking college courses, and began thinking about medical-related careers.
Pharmacy excites me for several reasons. I have found that I like working with a wide variety of people as a team member. I like solving problems at work and thrive in a fast-paced environment. Volunteering at the University Hospital out-patient pharmacy in Houston has only increased my interest. In researching the options open to pharmacists I have found that a wide range of career choices would be open to me with a degree in pharmacy. In addition to working at a retail pharmacy,…
Heritage Pharmacy Case Law
Summary of Violations
In case number 4904 the following violations were accused to ESTHE KIM and ALLAN PIWONKA working for INNOVATIVE COMPOUNDING SOLUTIONS, DBA HEITAGE COMPOUNDING PHAMAY from the BOAD OF PHAMACY DEPATMENT OF CONSUME AFFAI STATE OF CALIFONIA:
In this legal document there are 12 causes for discipline that were discovered by the board investigative processes that took place over the course of several months. The first problem deals with Kim's husband having access to the pharmacy and all the dangerous drugs associated with the storage of these substances. Kim is accused in the second cause for discipline for furnishing dangerous drugs without a prescription.
The third cause for discipline is related to Kim's practice of varying too much from the prescription and issuing unsafe doses of drugs for their customers. This problem originates from the fourth cause for discipline which relates to Kim's writing,…
References
Case No.4904. The Board of Pharmacy, Department of Consumer Affairs State of California. In the Matter against INNOVATIVE COMPOUNDING SOLUTIONS DBA HERITAG PHARMACY & Esther Kim.
My Education
I have an Associate Degree in Science from Community College of Philadelphia (2004), accumulating a GPA of 2.75 out of 4.00, and I am currently enrolled in courses in Biology, Statistics, and Physics at that same Community College. My college-level experience includes classes in Chemistry, Math and Physics at LaSalle University in Philadelphia -- in the autumn of 2010 through Summer 2011 -- and I proudly accumulated a 3.16 GPA out of 4.00.
My Personal Professional Motivation
I am proud to reflect that when I am asked to be trained in a new area, one I am not the least bit familiar with, I eagerly accept that new assignment. On our hospital staff, I was among the first few that was asked to be trained in a new IV automation technology. My passion is to always be prepared, to learn everything I can learn, and to work cooperatively…
academic studies with a passion for the health sciences. In college, I tutored physics and mathematics in my spare time, and felt privileged to meet people from different backgrounds and to be able to help them understand the fundamentals behind different scientific problems. Yet months after entering college, my father suffered from a cervical disk disorder. Doctors were initially unable to accurately diagnose the problem, torn between the possibilities of a brain tumor, a spinal tumor, or multiple sclerosis, leaving me no choice but to begin working full-time in my family's restaurant in order to support my family. I found myself cooking, managing the restaurant, and also doing my studies. It was difficult to adjust to this schedule, but I was eventually able to cope by learning how to use my time as efficiently as possible, working night shifts regularly while still maintaining my academic focus.
Just as everything was…
Hazardous Waste at Pharmacy
The pharmaceutical business generates some waste that is considered to be hazardous. Some of this waste is in the form of drugs that are dangerous. Up until this point, a lot of the regulations surrounding the handling of these drugs has come from OSHA, and thus the regulations pertain to occupational safety, rather than environmental safety. OSHA has had recommendations for the safe handling of dangerous drugs for at least thirty years. Most hazardous drugs are cytotoxic, but some others are also potentially harmful, among them drugs for chemotherapy (Polovich, 2004).
Current egulations
The current regulations at the federal level are from OSHA and are designed to protect the people who either produce or dispense pharmaceuticals that fall into the hazardous class (Connor & McDiarmmid, 2006). Chemotherapy agents, for example, have been linked to secondary leukemia and other cancers (Polovich, 2004). When OSHA brought in its…
References
Connor, T. & McDiarmid, M. (2006). Preventing occupational exposures to antineoplastic drugs in health care settings. CA: A cancer journal for clinicians. Vol. 56 (6) 345-365.
EPA.gov (2015). Proposed rule: Management standards for hazardous waste pharmaceuticals. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved April 8, 2016 from Patwary, M., O'Hare, W. & Sarker, M. (2011). Assessment of occupational and environmental safety associated with medical waste disposal in developing countries: A qualitative approach. Safety Science. Vol. 49 (8-9) 1200-1207.
Polovich, M. (2004). Safe handling of hazardous drugs. Online Journal of Issues in Nursing. Retrieved April 8, 2016 from http://www.nursingworld.org/mainmenucategories/anamarketplace/anaperiodicals/ojin/tableofcontents/volume92004/no3sept04/hazardousdrugs.html
Multiple Medications
Project Title: Examining the Effects of Multiple Medications
Project Description and Background
Seniors in New Brunswick long-term care facilities are often prescribed multiple different drugs. This polypharmacy comes with particular risks. The drugs treat different conditions. Each drug comes with contraindications . Some contraindications indicate that the drugs should not be used together at all, but in other instances the situation is less serious, and caution must be used. The question at hand is how often do such contraindications result in difficulties for the patient. There are situations where a patient will need to be prescribed multiple drugs to manage different conditions, and it is better medically to do so than to avoid potentially dangerous combinations. Medical staff are advised under such circumstances to be aware of the contraindications, and have a plan in place to manage any adverse effects that might occur.
This study will examine the…
References
CSAH (2014). Medications and polypharmacy. Age Friendly Ontario. Retrieved April 28, 2016 from http://agefriendlyontario.ca/sites/default/files/clinical-resources/medications_and_polypharmacy_overview_ltc_2014_0.pdf
Kwan, D. & Farrell, B. (2013). Polypharmacy: Optimizing Medication use in elderly patients. Canadian Geriatrics. Retrieved April 28, 2016 from http://www.canadiangeriatrics.ca/default/index.cfm/linkservid/BE34AED2-D5B7-B425-A21527A9E6498A4D/showMeta/0/
NS (2013). Continuing care. Province of Nova Scotia. Retrieved April 28, 2016 from http://novascotia.ca/dhw/ccs/polypharmacy.asp
UBC (2014). Reducing polypharmacy: A logical approach. UBC Therapeutics Letter. Retrieved April 28, 2016 from http://www.ti.ubc.ca/2014/09/02/reducing-polypharmacy-a-logical-approach/
Pharmacy School
What kind of work do I envision myself doing ten years from now?
I have a substantial plan that I intend to follow once I complete my education as a major in pharmaceutical chemistry. That is, I plan to complete the additional education necessary to obtain my license as a pharmacist, and ten years from now I plan to be serving a vital role as a highly qualified, competent and compassionate pharmacist in a hospital in California.
Frankly this is not a new idea for me at all because since I was a young person I have given serious thought to the important role that a pharmacist plays in the healthcare field. My own family has illnesses that require prescriptions of specific medicines to keep them alive.
My parents struggle with cardiovascular disease and with diabetes, and for many years I have seen how they are being kept…
Personal Statement for Pharmacy School
Pharmacy School is highly important to me as part of my career path, and I believe I am both personally and professionally well-qualified to attend and be successful. I have work experience in the pharmaceutical field, having worked at my aunt's pharmacy in the past. This work taught me a great deal about pharmacy as a profession, but also gave me a lot of insight about how to properly treat patients and interact with others. I consider myself more well-rounded because of the interaction I had with so many people during my time at the pharmacy. I smile frequently, consider myself a nice person, and have developed a high level of patience with people from all walks of life. In 2000, when I was 17, I came to the United States and earned my diploma from Valencia High School. Just a week later I began…
Institutional Pharmacy
According to various research and countless newspapers, institutional pharmacy has an undoubtedly positive role in our society. By definition, institutional pharmacy is that which provides "a range of services to residents of nursing homes, hospitals, or hospice environments which do not have an on-site pharmacy." As such, and without this service, long-term care facilities, such as nursing homes, would not be able to function smoothly nor take care of patients properly. Thus, due to institutional pharmacies, the facilities that utilize them can play a role in helping the patient firsthand with important matters. [1: "Institutional Pharmacy." Gerson Lehrman Group. Web. 20 Sept. 2011. .]
It is important to note, however, that there are various rules regulating these pharmacies. This is due to the fact that, in addition to providing pharmaceuticals, these entities also provide consulting services, and these can include the following:
monitoring control of drugs monitoring the…
Supplement Application for Pharmacy
Pharmacy Application
Have you considered the ramifications of relocating and/or living in Hilo, HI for the duration of your pharmacy academic career? If so, does the possibility of living in Hawaii appeal to you? If so, why? Do you have any concerns? If so, what are they?
The prospect of completing my degree in pharmacy at the University of Hawaii at Hilo in the College of Pharmacy is very exciting and quite appealing. Although Hawaii is a significant distance from the mainland of the U.S.A., and the costs of travel between Hawaii and the mainland are significant, I have taken the time to review my personal budget and have no concerns about studying such a distance from home. In my previous studies I have often spent long periods of time away from my family, often only visiting once or twice per year over the holidays. My…
I was also inspired by the communication skills and dedication pharmacists showed in making my aunt's course of treatment comprehensible, so my aunt understood why she was taking certain medications, the possible side effects that she should be aware of, and also of possible drug interactions. The pharmacists involved my aunt's nurses and family in their interactions with my aunt, and I began to envision myself in a similar role, combining chemistry with communication, compassion, and caring.
The future of pharmacy, in a world where medication's side effects and interactions are often dangerous, and treatment schedules because of drug interactions can be quite complex, requires pharmacists who are caregivers and teachers, not mere dispensers of prescriptions. A pharmacist is part of a patient's plan of care, right along with the patient's doctors and nurses. The sick, confused, and elderly, depend upon their pharmacist to ensure that their prescriptions are correct,…
Ob Process
SWOT analysis is an important organizational behavior (OB) process. The process is so important that an organization cannot afford to ignore it or take it casually. For an organization to succeed in the long-term, it must be constantly aware of its strengths, weaknesses, and threats, as well as the opportunities available to it (Hill & Jones, 2012). These four factors significantly influence the organization's performance in the future. A SWOT analysis enables an organization to understand its healthiness, utilize resources more efficiently, improve its operations, discover opportunities, identity and manage risks, and enhance its competitive positioning.
A SWOT analysis of NSU College of Pharmacy revealed important insights about the college's internal and external environments. The analysis provided an understanding of the organization's resources, competencies, and capabilities (such as pioneering pharmacy education in South Florida, quality teaching and research, ownership of a full-fledged community pharmacy, and faculty and student…
References
Hayes, J. (2014). The theory and practice of change management. London: Palgrave Macmillan.
Hill, C., & Jones, G. (2012). Essentials of strategic management. 3rd ed. Boston: Cengage Learning.
Mullins, L., & Christy, G. (2010). Management & organizational behavior. London: Pearson Education.
Smollan, R. (2011). Engaging with resistance to change. University of Auckland Business Review, 13(1), 12-15.
Pharmacology
One of my most important life goals is to continue my studies in pharmacology and become the most skilled practitioner that I am able to be. I am applying to the PN [Is it Pacific Northwest? ] University for a Masters Degree in Pharmacology primarily because of two factors. The University has a reputation for developing knowledgeable graduates whose high level of skills positions them to make strong contributions in their field. The second factor stems from experiences in my personal life.
My name is Reem AL Qahtani and I am 25 years old. I live in Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia, where I am currently a teaching assistant in the Department of Pharmacology, College of Pharmacy at Princess Nora Bint Abdulrahman University. I became interested in pharmacology because of a family history of breast cancer. My aunt had a benign breast cancer. My grandmother was not as fortunate…
evolution of academic infrastructure (such as colleges, associations, training requirements, etc.) for pharmacists in the U.S. versus one another country in the world. Please be precise and limit your answer to no more than one paragraph of 7-10 statements per country.
From the 1940s onwards the expansion of the pharmaceutical armamentarium led to rapidly increasing pharmaceutical sales in the U.S. This industry-led success helped to assure pharmacy incomes. The flexibility and diversity of the American system also permitted innovation in hospital and community practice alike, and over time lead to the establishment of a number of differing corporate pharmacies, internet pharmacies, and 'pharmacy benefit management' models. It may also be argued that the plurality and lack of consistently defined primary medical care in the U.S. system has created opportunities for pharmacies and pharmacists to play relatively strong care coordinating roles. In the absence for many people of a 'medical home',…
Bibliography
FIP. (2012). From Making Medicines to Medicines to The evolution of a profession 1912-2012. UCL School of Pharmacy.
Hepler CD and Strand LM (1990) Opportunities and Responsibilities in Pharmaceutical Care. American Journal of Hospital Pharmacy 47, 533-43.
student, I am considering a degree that would provide me with the foundational knowledge to further advance my professional career in the line of Pharmacy. Healthcare has always been an interest for me, and I have a very strong wish to be able to work in those surroundings where I can interact fully with the patients. I have very good communication skills which would help me to interact and deal with different people at all times. y further studying Pharmacy, I would be in a responsible position and involve myself by consulting with different patients as well as advising them to take appropriate medicines for their treatment (Personal Statement, n.d.).
I have previously participated in PharmD training from Princess int Abdulrehman University in clinical rotations as part of Preceptor Training. Furthermore I have also worked in the Drug and Poisoning Information Center at King Saud Medical City (KSMC) as a…
Bibliography
Personal Statement. (n.d.). Retrieved from dayjob.com: http://www.dayjob.com/content/pharmacy-personal-statement-791.htm
Business Project Management
Effective project management necessitates continuous adjustment so that the business accommodates the most recent trends. Majority of company directors expect project updates to be accessible in real time and anticipate live data to be accessible. Careful modeling of projects towards organizational aims and strategy is essential for attaining these objectives. A cost-benefit analysis can be important in determining how effectively, or how inadequately, a project will deliver value to an organization. Matching the total commercial benefits to the project costs incurred in the end enables decision makers to determine whether to go ahead with a recommended project (Vanlandingham and Drake, 2012). The purpose of this paper is to analyze the different projects and their costs and benefits towards David's Discount Pharmacy.
In the analysis of the case of David's Discount Pharmacy, the best option for the replacement is re-designing the front end and back end. This is…
References
Resch, M. (2011). Strategic project management transformation. Fort Lauderdale, FL: J. Ross Publishing.
Vanlandingham, G. R., & Drake, E. K. (2012). Results first. Public Performance & Management Review, 35(3), 550-563.
Pharmacy sales in the United States are positive with growth expected to increase 20% 2005-2008 according to data published by benefit management companies and a market intelligence firm. The rate of increase is lower than it has been in the past five years. Trends negatively impacting the market include consolidation, new store openings, increased mail order, drug importation, and the growth of generic pharmaceuticals. Further, if medicare covers prescription drugs at lower reimbursement levels, profitability of the industry could be adversely affected
Given that GDP and retail sales show moderate growth and that pharmacy sales have high growth potential, algreen represents a good investment opportunity. algreen is the top drugstore chain in the United States and is will well prepared to come out ahead in an intensely competitive market to capture a huge portion of the growing market.
orks Cited
GDP Data (Figure 1)
CBO data. Retrieved November 6, 2005…
Works Cited
GDP Data (Figure 1)
CBO data. Retrieved November 6, 2005 at http://www.cbo.gov/showdoc.cfm?index=5773&sequence=1&from=0
Survey of Professional Forecasters data (overseen by Philidelphia FRB). Retrieved November 6, 2005 at http://www.phil.frb.org/econ/spf/index.html
Wachovia Bank data. Retrieved November 6, 2005 at http://www.wachovia.com/ws/econ/view/0,2705,00.pdf
Pharmacy Personal Statement
Over the course of my life, I have been confronted with many obstacles, yet one core passion has kept me focused: that of my desire to enter the medical profession as a pharmacist. I came to the United States when I was seventeen, relatively late to enter the U.S. school system, but I was still able to become a part of the Honors Program at the College of the Canyons as a pre-pharmacy major, with a focus in chemistry. I had already worked at my aunt's pharmacy, and seeing how the work of a pharmacist could make such a difference in people's daily lives cemented my decision to pursue the profession. While at College of the Canyons I was a participant in the EOPS (Educational Opportunity Programs and Services) and volunteered at the pharmacy of Henry Mayo Newhall Memorial Hospital in Valencia. The latter enabled me to…
The Head Pharmacist has worked as a pharmacist in the area for a long time, including at the small pharmacy in the medical clinic near the hospital where many doctors have their offices. As such, he is well positioned to make contacts with those doctors in order to build the reputation of our pharmacy.
Financial Plan
The financial plan will begin with the income statement. There are two main revenue streams, being retail and pharmacy. A third revenue stream within Pharmacy will be the online ordering, whereby customers can order over the eb and have their drugs ready for pick-up, or for delivery via the courier of their choice. Such revenue will be attributed to Pharmacy, and retail products will not be included in these orders.
ith respect to costs, labor costs are expected to reflect the staffing levels. hile there will be as many as 20 staff members, there…
Works Cited:
ACCP. (2008). The definition of clinical pharmacy. Pharmacotherapy. Vol 28 (6) 816-817.
Fein, a. (2006) How pharmacists view Wal-Mart's pricing strategy. Drug Channels. Retrieved November 12, 2012 from http://www.drugchannels.net/2006/10/how-pharmacists-view-wal-marts-pricing.html
Hellinger, F. (1995). Any-willing-provider and freedom-of-choice laws: An economic assessment. Health Affairs. Vol. 14 (4) 297-302.
Miles, M. (2011). A research note on market creation in the pharmaceutical industry. The Journal of Business Research. Vol. 64 (7) 723-727.
In addition, pharmacists often work with people who are very ill, which can be emotionally difficult work, and a professional pharmacist must be able to offer support and advice to patients during these difficult times, without becoming overwhelmed by sickness and death.
III. While working at a retail pharmacy, I had a dispute with a pharmacist regarding the pharmacist's interpretation of the doctor's orders on the prescription. I believed that the pharmacist read the dosing information incorrectly and wanted to call the prescribing doctor to verify. The pharmacist disagreed with me and filled the patient's prescription. Because incorrect medication dosages can kill people, I did not drop the issue. I called the doctor's office, ascertained that the dosing information was incorrect, and had the office email the correct dosing information to the prescribing pharmacist. While the pharmacist could have been upset, I could not allow my personal concerns about office…
From that day forward I knew that I needed to shift gears and delve into a field in which I had little academic or professional experience but one that has always fascinated me: pharmacy.
I believe that my business background will be of enormous assistance after I receive my graduate degree in pharmacy. Plus, having worked in an oncologist's office has introduced me to some of the fundamentals of pharmaceutical care: from jargon to specific modes of treatment. As I apply for my graduate degree, I feel confident that combining my business know-how with my passion for pharmacy will result in a rewarding career in the future. Moreover, my business degree will enable me to understand the actual business of pharmacy and pharmaceuticals, which is nearly as important as the industry's service-orientation.
Therefore, I will be a positive addition to the academic community at the University. Because of my international…
Health Care -- Statistical Thinking in Health Care
The HMO pharmacy is inaccurately filling prescriptions. Prescribers blame pharmacy assistants, the assistants blame pharmacists and pharmacists blame prescribers. Analysis of their system show points ripe for change in order to improve accuracy. In addition, there are multiple measures that can be applied to substantially enhance the quality of the HMO pharmacy's work.
Process Map & SIPOC Analysis
Process Map of Prescription Filling Process
Process Map of Prescription Filling Process
Prescriber determines patient needs medication
Prescriber selects medication type
Prescriber selects medication dosage
Prescriber hand-writes prescription
Prescription delivered to pharmacy
Prescription entered into pharmacy computer system by pharmacy assistant
Pharmacist selects medication
Pharmacist measures medication
Pharmacist counsels patient about prescription
Medication delivered to patient
SIPOC Analysis of Business Process
SIPOC Analysis of Business Process
Supplier
Input
Process Steps
Output
Customer
Prescriber
Patient information
Determines need for medication
Determines type of medication
Determines…
Works Cited
Bright Hub Project Management. (n.d.). Six Sigma: Network diagram examples. Retrieved April 26, 2015 from www.brighthubpm.com Web site: http://www.brighthubpm.com/six-sigma/25326-dmaic-phase-two-measuring/
Caamano, F., Ruano, A., Figueiras, A., & Gestal-Otero, J. (December 2002). Data collection methods for analyzing the quality of the dispensing in pharmacies. Pharmacy World & Science, 24(6), 217-223.
DrFirst, Inc. (n.d.). Rcopia e-prescribing. Retrieved April 26, 2015 from go.drfirst.com Web site: http://go.drfirst.com/l/8842/2012-08-02/7p276?pi_ad_id= {creative}&utm_source=google&utm_medium=cpc&utm_term=%7Bkeyword%7D
Nair, R.P., Kappil, D., & Woods, T.M. (2010, January 20). 10 strategies for minimizing dispensing errors. Retrieved April 26, 2015 from www.pharmacytimes.com Web site: http://www.pharmacytimes.com/publications/issue/2010/January2010/P2PDispensingErrors-0110
The feeling that I was cut out for this role of a pharmacist came when I was fascinated in the chemistry classes about the medications, and the origin of bio-medicals. My fascination and the interaction with the patients where I work have made me known and liked in the current place of work. That would take this argument to the work experience and qualifications.
3. I am now a student for the masters in biomedical science at Midwestern University. Earlier qualifications include a bachelor's degree in computer engineering from Iraq in 2004. I also have completed the pre-pharmacy courses. Thus I have had a strong academic background. Further along with my academic background, I have had working experience as a pharmacy technician. I have found pleasure in working for the Walgreen's Pharmacy for three years as a pharmacy technician. Working with the employer namely Walgreen's allowed me to develop skills…
References
http://careers.walgreens.com/life-at-walgreens/training-programs.aspx
Forbes Magazine entitled, "In the Pill Box" discusses Walgreen's Drugstore and the challenge that it faces from Pharmacy Benefit Managers (PBM). The article begins by informing the reader of the astronomical growth of the Walgreen's company. The author explains that the company's stock has risen by 3,000% in the past 20 years and that the store plans to have over 7,000 stores by 2010. (Lambert) The article also asserts that the same-store sales increased by 9% in fiscal 2003. (Lambert)
The author contends that although the company is extremely success, there is a threat on the horizon. This threat comes in the form of Pharmacy Benefit Managers who show health organizations and employers how to make prescriptions drugs more cost effective. The article explains that PBM's often encourage these organizations to persuade patients to get long-term prescriptions through the mail instead of going to a pharmacy. Mail order pharmaceuticals are…
At the other end of the debate there are consumers who like to order their prescriptions through the mail. Some consumers do this even if it is not mandated by their insurance providers. In many cases consumers just find it more convenient to order prescriptions through the mail. In any case, the PBM's and the drugstores will continue to quarrel over which method is less expensive.
In my own opinion, it seems that Walgreen's should not have the right or ability to blacklist customers because of the decisions that are made by their healthcare providers. In many cases people are in dire need of receiving their medication and may not have time to ride around to different pharmacies just to get a prescription fulfilled. It is apparent to me that all Walgreen's is concerned with is its bottom line and they are willing to sacrifice the health of customers just to prove a point to PBM's. The fact of the matter is that consumers have a right to purchase prescriptions in any way that they see fit. Some people prefer going to a traditional pharmacists, while other prefer for the prescriptions to be brought to their homes. Walgreen's has to be careful not to ignore the needs and desires of consumers in the quest for greater profits.
Lambert, Emily. 2004. "In The Pill Box." Forbes Magazine
When our family moved to United States five years ago, I began to see more opportunities for my chosen career unfold before me. Greater access to drugs and medicines, as well as improved treatments for my grandmother's condition, are the opportunities that led to my acquiring increased knowledge in pharmacy. I have fueled my passion in being a pharmacist while in Iran, and now I am ready to realize this goal in life by aspiring to attend in a medical school here in U.S.. Armed with my impressive credentials, field experience working as a pharmacy technician at Walgreen's, and personal history of being acquainted with the field of pharmacy through my grandmother's battle with Alzheimer's disease, I am now ready to start a new life as a pharmacist. Pharmacy as a career is the best path for fulfilling my aspirations to ease suffering among people, particularly the elderly, and perhaps,…
Jamil, who had supported me financially and emotionally during these tough times, persuaded me to continue my studies when I felt ready.
For nearly a decade I struggled to redefine myself in a completely foreign culture. It has been difficult but after we had our first son a year ago, my perspective shifted and life situation has become more stable. Now that I have also become more proficient in English and rooted in my community, I am well-prepared to meet the challenges of university-level courses here in the United States. I am therefore applying for admission to the Doctor of Pharmacy program, to complete the education I started years ago in my home country.
My academic background will illustrate that I am nothing but focused and dedicated and that I will make an ideal candidate for the program. Because I have already taken many of the prerequisite courses here and…
college majors is daunting to all but those who had a clear vision of their future career since childhood. For most students, exposure to a wide range of academic subjects kindles a desire to explore a multitude of subjects with possible career options. Sometimes a student is drawn to two completely different subjects, which can considerably complicate the decision of which academic major to pursue officially. In my case, both accounting and pharmacy are compelling areas of study. Two totally different fields, accounting and pharmacy do have points of intersection that may make it easier for me to make a decision about my immediate future.
Pharmacy is a growing field with a good variety of career options and working environments. For example, a pre-pharmacy major who pursues an advanced degree in pharmacy can work in a research laboratory for a university or major pharmaceutical company. A pharmacy major can go…
Reference
Bureau of Labor Statistics, U.S. Department of Labor, Occupational Outlook Handbook, 2010-11 Edition, Pharmacists, on the Internet at http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos079.htm (visited November 22, 2011).
Polypharmacy Low Income Elderly
Poly-Pharmacy Low Income Elderly
The author of this report will offer a brief treatise on several social theories, one relating to nursing and one of them not related to nursing, and how they related to poly-pharmacy low income elderly patients. After describing the low income elderly group and what makes the vulnerable, there will be a description, compare and contrast of the theories. The theories that shall be covered are the Imogene King theory and the Erikson theory. While painting with too broad a brush as it relates to the vulnerability of low income elderly patients or social and cultural theories in general is unwise, some general trends and outcomes are fairly consistent and easy to spot with a little observation and analysis.
Analysis
The group up for analysis in this report is poly-pharmacy low-income elderly patients. Poly-pharmacy is typically defined as a patient that takes…
References
Allen, K.R., Hazelett, S.E., Jarjoura, D., Wright, K., Fosnight, S.M., Kropp, D.J., & ...
Pfister, E.W. (2011). The after-discharge care management of low income frail elderly (AD-LIFE) randomized trial: Theoretical framework and study
Design. Population Health Management, 14(3), 137-142.
doi:10.1089/pop.2010.0016
Third Class Of Drugs
In the United States, all pharmaceutical products: from Advil to Zoloft, are sold either as over-the-counter remedies or as prescription drugs. Over-the-counter remedies like Advil, aspirin, and Tylenol, can be purchased by any consumer at any store that chooses to sell them. Therefore, an eight-year-old can go into a convenience store and buy a bottle of aspirin. On the other hand, if an eighty-year-old man wanted to try Viagra, he would need to consult a physician and retrieve a prescription, and from there he would need to buy the drug from a licensed pharmacist. The two-class division evolved from a series of acts and resolutions passed in conjunction with the Food and Drug Administration (FDA). The most significant landmark in the creation of a specific prescription-only class of drugs was the Durham-Humphrey Amendment, passed in 1951. The Amendment, which revised a 1938 congressional act called the…
Works Cited
Chan, Kwai-Cheung "Value of a Pharmacist-Controlled Class Has Yet to be Demonstrated." U.S. General Accounting Office. Aug 1995. Online at < http://www.gao.gov/archive/1995/pe95012.pdf >.
Hoffman, William. "The Pharmacist as Statesman." The Doric Column. 3 April 2001. Online at < http://mbbnet.umn.edu/doric/humphrey.html >.
Hoffman, William. "Indispensable." Reprinted with permission from Minnesota Medicine, August 1995. Online at < http://mbbnet.umn.edu/hoff/hoff_pharm.html >.
Labbe, Carl R. "Do We Need a Third Class of Drugs?" The Phar Side: ASU Pharmacy Newsletter. Issue 26. Online at < http://www.asu.edu/health/pharside%2026.htm >.
Nevertheless, my passion for medicine remained which led to applying to the Technology Institute of Pharmacy at the university. Unfortunately, due to conditions beyond my control, I requested a transfer to the Nursing Institute at the university, yet because of my brother's failing health, I was forced to remain at home to care for him. Things changed in 2001, when I came to the U.S., knowing that I had a much better chance there to fulfill my dreams of becoming a medical specialist. Soon after, I registered at Northern Virginia Community College to major in science and after working full-time to pay for my studies, I am now in my last semester at NVCC, aiming for an Associate in Science which hopefully will open the door to pharmacy school. Overall, by obtaining a pharmacy degree, I could not only help people in the U.S. But also my own people in…
My initial interest in pursuing a degree in the medical field came about when my brother developed a very serious disease. This event prompted me to wonder about his medical future regarding treatment in the form of surgery or chemotherapy, and due to the fact that we were living in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, where I was born and raised, the prospects of my brother finding adequate treatment and care for his disease were rather poor. As a result, I decided to create the foundations for a career in medical science. Part of this required that I take the Ethiopian School Living Examination. In 1994, after competing against 167,000 other high school graduates, I received a passing score which made me eligible to attend Addis Ababa University; however, since Ethiopia follows the command economy, I ended up in social sciences rather than in my chosen field of medicine.
Nevertheless, my passion for medicine remained which led to applying to the Technology Institute of Pharmacy at the university. Unfortunately, due to conditions beyond my control, I requested a transfer to the Nursing Institute at the university, yet because of my brother's failing health, I was forced to remain at home to care for him. Things changed in 2001, when I came to the U.S., knowing that I had a much better chance there to fulfill my dreams of becoming a medical specialist. Soon after, I registered at Northern Virginia Community College to major in science and after working full-time to pay for my studies, I am now in my last semester at NVCC, aiming for an Associate in Science which hopefully will open the door to pharmacy school. Overall, by obtaining a pharmacy degree, I could not only help people in the U.S. But also my own people in Ethiopia. While a student at NVCC, I served the Ethiopian Community Development Council by providing outreach services for refugees seeking health assistance.
In conclusion, my personal desire is to expand and enhance my knowledge in the pharmacy field and thus be able to provide my services to communities in the U.S. And abroad, particularly in Ethiopia. Therefore, I am looking forward with much relish to participating in GWU's Sonography Bachelor's Program.
The notes in the around the Activity box are actions needing fixed at the present time such as detecting allocation and costs and most importantly the priorities of the hospital's maintenance.
The diagram then has a box drawn below labeled objects in both methods, yet these objects are defined to ABC by tracing activity drivers because it represents products/services and customers while the current method looks at only products and services of pharmacy maintenance repairs which is derived from the custom way where allocations such as the direct cost of supplies, labor, administration on the basis of square footage. The focus is on costs vs. Activity-Based Costing and cost cannot control expenditures, yet it in comparison to cost accounting current at Jumper Hospital, it will permit the facility to see the what they do have control of, what has been done including the management that provided regularly or on a…
References
Pennsylvania Health Care Cost Containment Council. (2003, January). Pharmaceuticals: their role in the cost of health care. Retrieved from http://www/phc4.org/reports/issue_briefs/docs/pharmcom.pdf
WiseGeek. (2011). What is cost allocation? Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is-cost-allocatioin.htm
Tylenol to a friend with a headache I have desired to be in pharmacy. Pharmacists, like so many other medical professionals, have the ability to ease pain and suffering, to help cure disease, and to bring comfort to those who are ill. I have admired the pharmacist's ability to take a piece of paper and turn it into relief for a patient. I have watch with wonder as a person, struck with fear or pain, receives compassionate advice from a pharmaceutical professional.
I want to go to Pharmacy School in order to learn the science behind the acts of human kindness that pharmacists perform every day. I am interested in learning how and why certain elements and chemicals bring so much relief and how to avoid brining further pain and suffering to another's life with the wrong treatment. I also desire to learn and study how to bring comfort to…
Personal Statement: Regarding My Future Pharmacy Career
Even a casual reader of today's newspapers will know that the modern drug industry has been subjected to increasingly rigorous scrutiny and litigation. In the current climate, it is easy to forget what it is like to live in a land where antibiotics are not a phone call to the doctor away, and research dollars for drug research are scarce, not the subject of a highly theoretical media debate about ethics. In the country I grew up, the rare sight of the face of a pharmacist was always a welcome one. I remain infused with my childhood faith, now grounded in study and experience, of the power of drugs to heal the human body, not to harm them.
As a young girl in Southeast Asia I suffered from acute bronchitis. I was profoundly grateful for the relief that pharmaceuticals could bring to my…
obert ay Courtney
Case Background
In 1998, One of obert Courtney's sales employees, Eli Lilly, noticed inconsistencies between the quantity of the cancer drug Gemzar that Courtney shipped in and the amount he sold. Lilly upon investigation of the issue was unsuccessful in unearthing any evidence of illegality and concluded the issue without further action. Two years later, Eli mentioned the issue to a medical practitioner who worked in the same building who was also a customer. This medical practitioner, working as an oncologist took a sample of the medication for testing and the results revealed that the prescription was diluted, she notified authorities. It is estimated that Courtney diluted almost 100,000 prescriptions between 1990 and 2001, which were administered to over 4000 patients. In 2002, he was sentenced to 30 years in prison after pleading guilty to 20 counts of tampering and adulterating the chemotherapy drugs Taxol and Gemzar.…
Reference
Draper, R. (2003, June 8). The Toxic Pharmacist. New York Times. .
Montgomery, R., & Stearns, M. (2001, August 15). Pharmacist's supporters describe 'compassionate,' 'honorable' man. The Kansas City Star.
New York Times. (2002, December 6). 30-Year Sentence For Druggist. New York Times.
Southeast Missourian. (2001, August 20). Pharmacist Filled Niche Market. Southeast Missourian.
I had yet to become fluent in English, much as I loved the subject matter. My grades initially suffered, but I persevered. As the eldest child in the family, I wished to show a shining example of success to my younger brothers and sisters.
After freshman year, through perseverance, passion, and dedication, I made the Dean's list. I now excel in my graduate level classes in my master's program in pharmacy, alongside my freshman year classmates. My courses are rigorous, but the challenge feels easy to me, because of my fluency. However, I have not forgotten the difficulties I experienced in adjusting to a new life. My own struggles have fostered patience and compassion within me. Just as I refused to be daunted when I first came to this country, I will bring the same zeal to teaching the sick how to treat themselves with the medicines they have…
He is not depriving the pharmacist of his livelihood. He is not depriving another sick individual from having access to the same medication. Harvey only risks getting caught stealing and even if he were caught would be unlikely to spend any time in jail given the extenuating circumstances. Therefore, Harvey should steal the medication from a utilitarian perspective.
Although a duty-based system of ethics would propose that the immorality of stealing can never be justified, it is impossible to prove why Harvey should let his wife die instead. If Harvey did let his wife die, he would have committed a far more insipid act than if he stole.
Knowing that the medication will save his wife's life, Harvey commits a petty crime only. The act of stealing is clearly immoral. However, under the circumstances only an inhumane individual could censure him. Given the tremendous good that would come from Harvey's…
3). How exactly did he get caught? After learning that it was possible that Courtney was diluting medications, the FBI and the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) arranged a sting. In the sting, one of Courtney's customers (Hunter) ordered six prescriptions from Research Medical Tower Pharmacy (Courtney's company); the results of the tests on those drugs showed that "each had been diluted to between 17 and 39% of the required dosage" (Draper, p. 3).
The customer named Hunter than ordered two more prescriptions of Gemzar and one of Taxol. Soon the results from the FDA tests showed the "concentration levels had been reduced to 28%, 24% and virtually zero," Draper explains. A few days later the FBI "swarmed the pharmacy"; in the federal officers' car outside his building Courtney was asked how the doses of cancer drugs could have been so drastically diluted. "I don't understand," he replied. The Times'…
Works Cited
Draper, Robert. (2003). The Toxic Pharmacist. The New York Times. Retrieved July 23, 2011,
From http://www.nytimes.com .
Freed, Josh. (2009). Thousands of Diluted Drug Doses. CBS News. Retrieved July 24, 2011,
From http://www.cbsnews.com .
GNC Stores and Marketing
GNC Franchising, Inc., is one of the largest specialty retailer of vitamins, herbs, food supplements and other health management items in the United States. Since the inception of GNC, it has looked at several ways to marketing its products. Traditionally, GNC offered its proprietary products to consumers through franchised stores and company-owned stores, but recently it has also begun to sell its products via the Internet. And more recently as of 1999, GNC has entered into a strategic alliance with ite Aid Corporation, which will host full-line of GNC products across the country (Fisher and Mullin, 1990). The two companies also plan to develop a new line of pharmacy-endorsed vitamins and nutritional supplements, which will be available through all company-owned and franchised GNC locations and ite Aid Stores (Fisher and Mullin, 1990). General Nutrition Cos. (GNC) is also moving to do its business in natural foods,…
References
Fisher, Lane and Mullin, Cheryl L. Searching for Tomorrow's Franchisees. Franchising World, vol. 31 (2), March/April 1999, pp.19-21
Wilson, Marianne. GNC goes natural. Chain Store Age, vol. 74 (11), 1998, pp.84-86.
Wilson, Marianne. GNC Targets Health And Wellness With Alive. Chain Store Age, vol. 72, April 1996, pp. 35-36.
These four dimensions are the tools for developing the company's marketing strategy and deciding which product line to cultivate, preserve, yield, or get rid of. Strong products should be grown or maintained. eak or unprofitable lines should be sold or discontinued as soon as possible. "Four basic factors are critical in the decision to manage individual product lines.
Consumer demand
Cost to produce
Gross margin
Total sales volume" (Berry, 2012).
Going through the process of developing a marketing plan will help CVS to figure out how they are going to draw people into their stores and sell them things beyond discounted generic drugs. A provides the market with a source of discounted drugs among other products. This market need is important today as many Americans are faced with the dilemma of using their limited income on food or meds. A pharmacy should seek to fulfill the following benefits that are…
Works Cited
Berry, T. 2012. "Add competitive analysis to your marketing plan." Web. 2 April 2012.
Available from: http://articles.mplans.com/include-competitive-analysis-in-your-plan/
Berry, T. 2012. "Product marketing." Web. 2 April 2012. Available at:
http://articles.mplans.com/product-marketing/
Office Memo
Sub: comment on John's claim as a whistle blower against PharmaCAE and the ethical and legal implications of the case
As a member of Dewey, Chetum, and Howe you asked me to find out suitable ethical and legal implications that John's case could bring for the firm and for John himself. Detailed in the report are the issues regarding:
The Ethical issues relating to marketing and advertising, intellectual property, and regulation of product safety in relation to PharmaCAE
Business ethics can be defined as the art, system, method and the discipline that is applied to along with ethical principles to solve complex business issues and dilemmas. It defines the actions that are taken that tries to reach a balance between the organization achieving its business and economic obligations and social obligations (Moon, 2001).
One of the ethics that is applicable in this case is related to the advertisement…
References
Accessdata.fda.gov,. (2015). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved 6 June 2015, from http://www.accessdata.fda.gov/scripts/cdrh/cfdocs/cfcfr/CFRSearch.cfm?fr=201.56
Accessdata.fda.gov,. (2015). CFR - Code of Federal Regulations Title 21. Retrieved 6 June 2015, from
Direct to Consumer Advertising
HISTRY F DRUG ADVERTISING
THE DTC ADVERTISING PHENMENN
CREATING DEMAND
DECEPTIVE ADVERTISING - A WLF IN SHEEP'S CLTHING
CAUSE F DEATH
PRFIT
UTILIZATIN, PRICING, AND DEMGRAPHICS
LEGISLATIN, PLITICS AND PATENTS
LEGISLATIVE INITIATIVES REGARDING DTC
RECALLED and/or DEADLY DRUGS
In order to provide the most efficient method of evaluation, the study will utilize existing stores of qualitative and quantitative data from reliable sources, such as U.S. Government statistical references, University studies, and the studies and publications of non-profit and consumer oriented organizations. Every attempt will be made to avoid sources of information sponsored by or directly influenced by the pharmaceutical industry.
Existing data regarding the history, levels, content and growth of direct-to-consumer advertising will be examined. In addition, the industry's composition prior to and after the proliferation of direct-to-consumer advertising will be examined, with regard to market share, type of substances sold, benefits of substances sold, and…
On January 9, 2002, Dr. Darlene Jody, Vice President of Medical Marketing for Bristol-Myers Squibb, issued a manufacturer's "Important Drug Warning Including Black Box Information." The Important Drug Warning advises healthcare practitioners that "cases of life-threatening hepatic failure have been reported in patients treated with SERZONE." The manufacturer's Warning indicates that numerous persons have or will suffer liver failure, death or transplantation. The manufacturer's Warning also indicates that the current estimate of the rate of liver failure associated with Serzone use is "about 3-4 times the estimated background rate of liver failure." A new Warning is being added to the Serzone prescribing information, advising that "patients should be advised to be alert for signs and symptoms of liver dysfunction (jaundice, anorexia, gastrointestinal complaints, malaise, etc.) and to report them to their doctor immediately if they occur." According to Warnings, Serzone should be promptly discontinued if signs or symptoms suggest liver failure.
Vioxx belongs to a class of drugs known as COX-2 inhibitors. When the drugs were introduced a few years ago, COX-2 inhibitors were thought to be safer and more effective than other drugs such as Aspirin and Ibuprofen. However, several studies have questioned the cardiovascular safety of Vioxx. Studies indicate that people taking Vioxx have four times the risk of a heart attack.
In May 2002, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) published a Talk Paper about new label warnings for the popular arthritis and pain drug know as Vioxx (rofecoxib). The new label warnings are based on the results of the Vioxx Gastrointestinal Outcomes Research (VIGOR). According to the FDA, recent studies demonstrate that Vioxx is associated with a higher rate of serious cardiovascular thromboembolic adverse events (such as heart attacks, angina pectoris, and peripheral vascular events). Based on the recent study, the FDA agreed with the Arthritis Advisory Committee recommendations February 8, 2001 that the label for Vioxx include gastrointestinal and cardiovascular warning information. Serious side effects attributed to Vioxx are heart attacks, seizures, strokes, or liver/kidney problems. http://www.recalleddrugs.com