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Nursing staff work with patients from different cultural backgrounds. Consequently, one of the challenges facing nurses is the provision of care to culturally diverse patients. Hospitals and healthcare agencies must accommodate these needs by initiating diversity management and leadership practices" (Coe, 2011). Thus, in order to provide this crucial, soothing environment, nurses have a responsibility to engage in a fundamental education of cultural differences. Nurses need to be prepared and aware of the differences between cultures and how to relate to people from different cultures and what the expectations are. For example, so many cultures have very strict expectations about gender roles and what's appropriate and what isn't and while these thoughts might seem very old-fashioned or foreign to the modern nurse, violating these ideas will only make the patient uncomfortable.
Having such cultural competency requires active endeavors on my part, such as reading about different cultures, taking seminars in…… [Read More]
On Becoming a Professional Nurse My Evolutionary Journey
Words: 1770 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 69959385Professional Nurse, My Evolutionary Journey
As my memory recalls the idea of becoming a nurse was with me when I was an 8-year-old and playing nursing in a makeshift hospital made of my toys. Nursing was being experienced at that time with caring of squirming kittens in my nursery, sleeping dolls in surgery room of my toy hospital. After lapse of a long period since then it is still a wonder that the patients completely unknown never feel reluctant to expose a personal corner of their lives and share with us their deepest threats. At their worst as well as at their best they trust us to be caring, confidential and skilled. Nursing profession is really a unique one and the nursing education is not just a viewer sports where the student listens, observes and understands rather they are required to really live what he or she learns by means…… [Read More]
Interview with a Professional Nurse
Words: 773 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 26689089Masters in Nursing Overview
The person selected for this interview is my mentor, an advanced nurse practitioner who specializes in geriatrics. She said she began her nursing career by graduating with a bachelor's degree in nursing at the University of California at Berkeley. The program at Berkeley well prepared her for her initial role as a registered nurse. While in school, she mentioned, she was able to procure an internship in the healthcare field which helped her confirm that she actually wanted to have a career as a nurse. After working as a registered nurse for approximately five years, she decided to earn a Master's of Science in Nursing so that she could become an advanced nurse practitioner. To her delight, after earning her degree from the University of California at Berkeley approximately 10 years ago, she was able to obtain a position at Kaiser Hospital in Oakland as an…… [Read More]
Professional Nursing Associations Nursing Professional
Words: 776 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 86722794org/about/mission.htm)."
The benefits to joining this and other professional nursing associations around the nation include having a strong voice and a fellowship with others who spend their careers helping patients and families during times of need.
There are several ways that affiliating with a professional nursing association can provide this including:
Federal lobbying on issues important to nursing and health care.
State lobbying through our State Nurses Associations and nationwide state legislative agenda on issues vital to your scope of practice.
epresenting nursing where it matters, including the Environmental Protection Agency, Department of Labor, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and many others, right up to the White House.
Speaking for nursing through the media including stories in the Wall Street Journal, Chicago Tribune, USA Today, 60 Minutes, NBC Nightly News, CNN, and NP to name a few (Your guide to the benefits of membership... (http://nursingworld.org/member2.htm)."
Throughout the…… [Read More]
Professional Nursing Education Program the
Words: 1099 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Thesis Paper #: 64293503The work of Fink, Krugman, Casey and Goode (2008) entitled: "The Graduate Nurse Experience: Qualitative Residency Program Outcomes" reports a study which evaluated responses to the Casey-Fink Graduate Nurse Experience Survey which was administered to graduate nursing students at the University HelathSystem Consortium/American Association of Colleges of Nursing and states findings that graduate nurses "...experience role conflict and stress as they begin practice in work environments of high complexity, nurse shortages, and expectations to become competent rapidly." (Fink, Krugman, Casey, and Goode, 2008) the work of Spencer (2008) entitled: "Increasing RN-NS Enrollments: Facilitating Articulation through Curriculum Reform' states that increasing enrollments in nursing programs is one method to deal with the shortage of nurses. However, the majority of these new graduates will be educated at the associate degree in nursing level. The need to increase the number of nurses educated at the baccalaureate level is significant. Research has shown that…… [Read More]
Professional Nursing Organizations Serve Both
Words: 633 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 6018031
They represent nurses in New Jersey and are a federation member of the American Nurses Association, and are organized for individual professional nurse members through its regions to participate in activities for the advancement of nurses and nursing and to promote the profession as an essential, independent and distinct social service. Their stakeholders are all the member nurses in New Jersey.
The American Association of Nurse Anesthetists (AANA) is an organization made up of certified egistered Nurse Anesthetists, who are advanced practice nurses who specialize in anesthesia care. AANA is the professional association representing more than 30,000 Certified egistered Nurse Anesthetists (CNAs) nationwide and was founded in 1931. Their Mission Statement is as follows: Advancing patient safety and excellence in anesthesia. (March 2004) Their goals and objectives are integrity, professionalism, advocacy and quality. Their motto is "Supporting our members ~ Protecting our patients, with the goal of becoming recognized leaders…… [Read More]
Professional Nursing it Is Necessary and Important
Words: 604 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Other Paper #: 38765079Professional Nursing
It is necessary and important for any professional to understand the differences and applications of theory, practice and research. Within the nursing profession these concepts are highly regarded and the AACN has identified this process of distinguishing between as Essential #3. The purpose of this essay is to explain and indentify practice discrepancies that may adversely affect patient outcomes. This essay will suggest that leadership and purpose are necessary in order to truly understand the synthesis of these concepts.
Theories are simply theories and not laws and it is possible to accept theories as infallible. This is not ideal for the nursing profession. Theories are used to guide and model behavior and not replace it. Such ideas as the theory of gravity or the nuclear theory of the atom are often accepted as true fact but in reality there are many problems with those theories that prevent them…… [Read More]
Ethics
Nursing Ethics
Professional Nursing Ethics
It is not a good idea, but it is possible to become a nurse today without knowing what the Nightingale Pledge is and more important, what it represents. The reason it is not a good idea is simple; nursing is a field that carries with it a great social, moral and ethical responsibility. This accountability is now guided by the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements; however, the original blueprint was the Nightingale Pledge. We could consider that original pledge as nursing's equivalent to the physicians' Hippocratic Oath. In other words, the modern version of the Nightingale Pledge, the Code of Ethics with Interpretive Statements, is a thorough guide that helps both new and old nurse's alike carry out their responsibilities in a way that also meets all ethical duties required by the profession. The Nightingale Pledge has evolved for more than a century…… [Read More]
Benefits of Professional Nursing Associations
Words: 1309 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 49194370Professional Nursing Associations: ationale
A professional association refers to "an organization of practitioners who judge one another as professionally competent and who have banded together to perform social functions which they cannot perform in their separate capacities as individuals" (Merton, as cited in Matthews, 2012). Nursing has, over time, developed to professional status and is at present characterized by numerous national professional associations. Whether or not these associations add value to their professions and whether or not there is need to have so many of them have been subjects of debate in recent years. This context gives an in-depth demonstration of the rationale behind professional nursing associations, and illustrates why there is need to have them in greater numbers.
The ationale behind Professional Nursing Associations
Nursing is built upon the concept of advocacy; nurses not only advocate for their profession, but for their patients as well (Gregg-McQuilkin, 2005). Professional associations,…… [Read More]
Benefits of Joining Professional Nursing Associations
Words: 533 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Paper #: 46275425Professional Nursing Organization Comparison
Choose two professional organizations. These can be organizations you are a member of or that are known in the nursing profession.
Create a table comparing the two organizations.
American Nurses Association
When Established
The organization has roughly 490 chapters throughout 85 countries.
American Nurses Association was established in 1896 as the Nurses Associated Alumnae and was renamed the American Nurses Association in 1911.
Support of Nursing Leadership
STTI provides opportunities for nurses to participate in leadership programs and mentoring opportunities, and take advantage of career development resources.
The ANA provide programs and offerings for nurses, nursing leaders, and all stages of the nursing career trajectory.
Leadership Opportunities
Members can ask career-related questions and get responses from STTI volunteer Career Advisors.
More than 900 nurse researchers, students, clinicians and leaders attend the International Nursing esearch Congress to learn from evidence-based research presentations. The theme of the 26th…… [Read More]
Integration Evidence-Based Practice Professional Nursing Practice the
Words: 1686 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 58309443Integration Evidence-Based Practice Professional Nursing Practice
The concept of evidence-based practice -- EBP is becoming growingly significant in the sphere of nursing. (Stiffler; Cullen, 2010) Evidence-based practice is not entirely a novel concept; it is the manner in which nurses cater to the norms of care and practice efficiently. (Nysna, 2006) According to Linda Burnes Bolton, DrPH, N, FAAN, vice president and chief nursing officer in the Cedars-Sinai Medical Center in Los Angeles, evidence-based practice -- EBP in reality it is only an alternative mode of viewing the conventional theme of the nurses maintaining their sanctified reliability with society. (Wessling, 2008) David Sackett, MD, a Canadian physician, is regarded the father of evidence-based practice. According to Sackett, "evidence-based practice is the conscientious, explicit and judicious use of current best evidence in making decisions about the care of individual patients. . .[by] integrating individual clinical expertise with the best available external…… [Read More]
Role of Professional Nursing Bodies and Associations in Canada and BC
Words: 1499 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 44717176Vital Role of Professional Nursing Organizations in Canada and British Columbia
According to the society of Registered Nurses Association of British Columbia (RNABC), which will be renamed College of Registered Nurses of British Columbia (CRNBC), effective after May 2005, (Seale, 2005) the primary purpose of having professional nursing regulatory bodies and nursing associations for nurse practitioners in Canada and British Columbia are to ensure that all nurses have the basic competencies required of nurse practitioners expected by the public. Although nursing as a profession is regulated in virtually all estern, industrialized nations in some shape or form, in Canada and British Columbia, registrant participation through chapters has long been a particular cornerstone of the governance processes of the profession of nursing and expanded the profession's ability to evolve and serve the changing physical and mental needs of the public. (Nursing BC, 2004)
Nursing Organizations -- Establishing Professional Standards, Contributing to…… [Read More]
Roles of Professional Nursing Associations Conduct a
Words: 789 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 18292171oles of Professional Nursing Associations
Conduct a web search of at least two professional nurses' associations and describe how each organization defines its respective role at local, state, and national levels.
Identify the organization and its website. What are some examples on the website demonstrating that the organization addresses policy and politics?
The website for the American Nurses Association (ANA) can be found at www.nursingworld.org, and by reviewing the wealth of content provided by the ANA through this interactive forum it is evident that the organization actively addresses both public policy and political issues. Through the auspices of its American Nurses Association Political Action Committee, or ANA-PAC, the ANA seeks "to promote the improvement of the healthcare system in the United States by raising funds from & #8230; members and contributing to support worthy candidates for federal office who have demonstrated their belief in the legislative and regulatory agenda of…… [Read More]
Orem's Self-Care Model A Professional Nursing Practice
Words: 847 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 59207875Orem's Self-Care Model: A Professional Nursing Practice Model
Nursing theory is an organized and systematic articulation of a set of statements related to questions in the discipline of nursing. (Caley, p. 302, 1980) The model presented by Dorothea Orem is based on the idea that as human beings, we are engaged in self-care activities that allow us to maintain a state of good health. Orem defines health as "a state of a person that is characterized by soundness or wholeness of developed human structures and of bodily and mental functioning" (Coleman, p. 325, 1980) Utilization of Orem's concepts allows the nurse freedom to develop their own style practice to best meet the self-care needs of any patient.
Nurses have always recognized the rights of clients of all ages to be both informed and active participants in care, but the idea of self-care has not always been apparent concerning the idea…… [Read More]
Critical Thinking Professional Nursing Issue
Words: 3335 Length: 8 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 87157399The decade-old system that specifies least standards for staffing in nursing homes need to be restructured, the report says. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services must call for nursing homes to have at least one N within the facility during all times. Based on the departments' 2001 report to Congress on minimum staff-to-patient ratios for nursing homes, the HHS should mention the staffing levels that increased with the number of patients. Central and state report cards on nursing homes should give information on levels of nursing staff, and measuring of staffing levels should be developed for hospital report cards. The healthcare facilities should avoid using nurses from temporary agencies to fill the vacancy. (Substantial Changes equired in Nurses Work Environment to Protect Patients from Health Care Errors)
Working for long hours on the part of the nurse's makes them fatigue since it decreases their energy and reduces their…… [Read More]
Professional Association Professional Organization for Nursing in
Words: 1116 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 16591696Professional Association
Professional Organization for Nursing
In the past, a number of individuals inside every society started delivering care and nutrition for all those who had been struggling to look after themselves. Because these people became 'care specialists,' they started to express to other individuals the procedures that helped them and also to train other individuals as apprentices who would probably at some point continue their function. The advancement of contemporary nursing starting from some sort of vocation, towards the profession and discipline of nursing, started during the later part of the 1800s when Florence Nightingale stated her perspectives on the way nurses ought to be taught and schooled and just how patient care ought to be offered (Hegge, 2011).
The very first schooling institution for nurses within the U.S. established during 1873. Two decades afterwards nursing school managers sensed the moment had arrived to interact as well as discuss…… [Read More]
Nursing Professional Image and Nurses'
Words: 1673 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 8513391The Shared Governance arrangement:
offers an apparatus for registered nurses to show guidance in the development of practice decisions authorizes all nursing staff to add to work redesign advances the quality of patient and family outcomes.
In the shared governance arrangement, the staff nurses are a big piece of the course, designated and chosen from their units to stand for an area of practice on one of many councils. it's all about shared choice making and authorizing staff nurses to affect their practice atmosphere and have a say in unit choices (Shared Governance at Henry Ford Hospital, 2011).
A new nursing deficiency is revitalizing shared governance. This pioneering organizational model gives staff nurses power over their practice and can expand their affect into administrative areas formerly controlled solely by managers. But nursing shared governance is tough to describe. Its configurations and procedures are dissimilar in every business. Shared governance, is…… [Read More]
Nursing Shortage Review on Nurses Shortage the
Words: 2703 Length: 6 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 86492519Nursing Shortage
eview On Nurses Shortage
The supply of professional nurses relative to the increase in demand for their services has been on a general decline over the years. As a career choice, nursing has been facing perennial shortage of professionals. Most healthcare organizations will affirm that their daunting tasks were recruiting fresh nurses and retaining the ones already in practice. The 2008 projections from the Bureau of Labor Statistics showed that the demand for professional nurses would increase from the then two million to three million, which represents sixty percent increment. In ideal situations, the number of those who have enrolled in nursing will be sufficient to supply the rise in their number. Nevertheless, this would not be the case if nothing were done to salvage the worrying trend of most students not graduating or resorting to other careers. According to Benjamin Isgur of PWHC Health and esearch Institute,…… [Read More]
Nursing Organizations One of the
Words: 1129 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 12699302
The National Association of Clinical Nurse Specialists - The NACNS was founded in 1995, specifically to enhance and promote the unique and high-value contributions that clinical nurses make to the health and well-being of individuals, families, groups, and communities in their particular branch of healthcare. They also have a foundation, scholarship programs, a journal and discussion portal, various levels of conferences, scholarship programs, honors and awards, and the ability for advanced certification. A Clinical Nurse Specialist is a licensed N who has graduate preparation (MA or PhD) in nursing specifically as a Clinical Nurse Specialist. This field of healthcare goes beyond the duties of an LPN or N, or even charge nurse, and deals with either advanced levels of clinical specialization, or broader, community and national health concerns. The field requires a rather significant academic bent, and the association is designed to support and enhance that paradigm focus (CNS -…… [Read More]
Nurse Eduactor Strategic Plan
Nurse educator strategic plan
A strategic plan for a nurse educator
At present, I would say that my greatest strength as a nurse educator is my willingness to challenge myself in the pursuit of excellence. Within the next year, I will obtain my MSN with a specific concentration in education. Previously, I obtained certification as a Basic Life Support instructor (BLS). Also within the next year I intend to seek out certification in Advance Cardiac Live Support (ACLS) and Pediatric Life Support Instructor (PAL) with the intention of becoming both an ACLS and PALS instructor. These will enhance my capabilities as a nurse educator and provide greater specificity in the range and types of teaching I will be able to convey.
My second great strength as a nurse educator is the compassion I have for my patients and my genuine love of teaching. A nurse is…… [Read More]
Professional Leadership Issues in Nursing
Words: 1081 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 32885686
For example, I would ask Mark to imagine what he would consider fair if he had recently been forced to work three floating shifts back to back because the unit was short-staffed as a result of Lisa's taking her vacation. Furthermore, I would explain to Mark that if his vacation spared him from having to fill floating responsibilities that is already an additional benefit to him and not something for which he deserves extra privileges or compensation. More importantly, his coworkers already had to fill more floating shifts than they would have otherwise because he was on vacation. Therefore, instead of considering himself to be unfairly burdened by being asked to fill a floating shift, Mark should be appreciative and should probably volunteer for it, precisely out of the desire to be fair to his coworkers.
That aspect of conflict resolution would be an element of collaboration in the long-term…… [Read More]
Nurse's Role as Researcher the Nurse Plays
Words: 1671 Length: 6 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 77211857Nurse's ole As esearcher
The nurse plays a unique role as a researcher. This involves them focusing on the latest treatment options, how they affect patients and the best times specific techniques should be utilized. Moreover, they must understand the numerous side effects of different therapies and how this will affect the patients they are working with. These areas help them to serve as confidant in comprehending how and when to apply certain procedures. (Allan, 2005)
At the same time, the nurse will understand the psychology, customs, behavior and biological factors which are contributing to a host of conditions. This enables them to comprehend the challenges patients are going through and the lasting impact this is having on them. When this happens, they can reduce suffering and improve their ability to cope with the issues they are facing. These insights will help patients to make a full recovery with reduced…… [Read More]
Nursing Definitions Autonomy in the Nursing Profession
Words: 3242 Length: 10 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 47314806Nursing Definitions
Autonomy
Autonomy in the nursing profession states the importance of the client's role in making decisions that reflect advocacy for the client (Wade, 1999, p.310). Ultimately, this includes taking care of the patient physically as well as mentally and emotionally, developing a relationship with the patient that is beneficial to his care and actively advocating for the patient's rights and care. This type of autonomy, it is important to note, is not the same as individual or work autonomy, yet it must be considered that empowerment in nursing autonomy will inevitably lead to better professional and personal autonomy and should also lead to increased job satisfaction (Wade, 1999, p.310).
Typical definitions of autonomy would include the idea of complete independence for the person making the decisions. However, in the case of the nursing profession, the client's needs and desires must be heavily weighed and, in fact, become central…… [Read More]
Nursing for an Associate Degree
Words: 2030 Length: 7 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 81080660Technology-based teaching strategies can greatly accelerate the how both teaching and learning occur and therefore often reduce traditional issues and concerns faced by students and instructors. This approach changes the conventional way of thinking about how quality nursing programs are assessed and changes the levels of requirements to better suit student learning with better access to libraries, counseling and tutoring services, computing equipment, tuition, and financial aid to name a few.
But where this Associates Degree approach will benefit the profession most is in the healthcare system where it is needed most. New nurses will be better acclimated to the needs of sophisticated logging processes, medical billing and inventory as well as scheduling and other tasks now all handled via digital processing and computer. A modern day nurses are more technologically sophisticated, the overall patient care process also gets better as more available free time is offered back to the…… [Read More]
" (1) What does the phrase "concept inventing" mean to you?
2) Does the process of concept inventing add clarity to a unique lived experience that aides in individualizing patient care? - or - Does the process of concept inventing add unnecessary jargon to the profession of nursing which creates barriers in collaboration with other disciplines? (3) State your stance on this issue and create a logical argument to defend your thoughts.
C. (1). "Concept inventing" can be thought of as a way to analyze situations in such a way as to contemplate their meaning to create understanding. Using both the aspects of science, including logic, rationality, and empirical analysis, and art, including intuition, emotion, integrity, honor, and compassion, nurses can process information in such a way as to create a complete conceptual picture of both the abstract aspects and concrete facts of a situation. In doing so, nurses can…… [Read More]
A person's health is an ever-changing state of being resulting from the interaction with the environment. Optimum health is the actualization of both innate and obtained human potential gained through rewarding relationships with others, obtaining goals and maintaining expert personal care. Adaptations can be made as required to maintain stability and structural integrity. A person's state of health can vary from wellness to illness, disease, or dysfunction. Professional nursing is founded on the need to promote wellness practices, the attentive treatment of persons who are acutely or chronically ill or dying, and restorative care of patients during convalescence and rehabilitation. It also includes the education and measurement of those who perform or are learning to perform nursing responsibilities, the support and communication of research to enhance knowledge and practice, and the management of nursing in healthcare delivery systems. Nursing practice centers on the application of a body of knowledge in…… [Read More]
Why should nurses recognize nursing expertise varies with education, experience and context of practice?
Nurses should recognize nursing expertise differs from person to person because of varying experience levels, forms of education, and context of practice. This is substantial knowledge for nurses to remember for several reasons. For one, it will help nurses better understand their colleagues (Husted, 2008). For example, a nurse who attended a better school than their colleague, will be more understanding if their colleague under performs or is hesitant in comparison because he or she had a higher quality education (Husted, 2008). Conflicts between colleagues are less likely to arrive when there is an understanding that performance among each other may differ due to varying circumstances. (Benner, 2009).
In addition, nurses should retain that their coworkers expertise will most likely not be the same due to the varying routes everyone takes to the medical field and…… [Read More]
Nurse Study eview
Vahey et al. (2004) research indicated the importance of investigating the role of environment and clinical situation for both nurse performance and patient satisfaction. This study is a quantitative approach to investigating these topics as it sought to find correlations between these variables.
The article is premised on the idea that nurses employed in hospitals are experiencing greater workloads resulting in career fatigue and burnout. The article incorporated past research on these topics and suggested that "Indeed, more than 40% of hospital staff nurses score in the high range for job-related burnout, and more than 1 in 5 hospital staff nurses say they intend to leave their hospital jobs within 1 year. The understaffing of nurses and the overwork of health professionals in hospitals are ranked by consumers as major threats to patient safety, and more patients are bringing their own caregivers to the hospital with them."…… [Read More]
Nursing Line-Item Budget Nursing Magnet
Words: 2444 Length: 9 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 75025030The authors describe findings from a survey designed to gather baseline data about changes organizations experience after implementing the Clinical Practice Model framework, and report how the Clinical Practice Model Resource Center staff used the survey findings to build the capacity of individuals accountable for implementing this integrated, interdisciplinary professional practice framework into the organization's operations." (2002) The following model has been created for monitoring the progress of the nursing staff at the MD Anderson Cancer Center MEDVACM specifically checking progress in Years 1,3, and 5.
MD ANDERSON CANCER CENTER MEDVAMC
Job Performance Review Guide
EMPLOYEE
Employee Name
Review Period
Department
Manager
PERFORMANCE GOALS AND OJECTIVES
YEAR 1
YEAR 3
YEAR 5
ecome familiar with your department's business goals.
Work with your manager to define and document your goals. Include what you are expected to produce by your first review, activities needed to accomplish results, and success criteria.
Make certain…… [Read More]
Nursing Concept Theoretical Background One of the
Words: 3582 Length: 10 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 46011406Nursing Concept
Theoretical Background
One of the complexities of 21st century medicine is the evolution of nursing care theories in combination with a changing need and expectation of the stakeholder population. Nurses must be advocates and communicators, but must balance these along with an overall philosophy of ethics while still remaining mindful of budgets and the need for the medical institution to be profitable. It seems as if these issues comprise a three-part template for nursing: respect for patient value & individuality, education of patients, and cognition and respect for the realities of contemporary medicine. In many ways, too, modern technology has advanced further than societal wisdom, especially when confronting the issue of death. The modern nurse's role is to create a nurse-patient culture that encourages the individual to take responsibility for their healthcare and, in partnership with the nurse, to be involved in their recovery. The modern complexities of…… [Read More]
Nurse Patient atios and Quality of Care
This study reviews the broad level of issues that surround the nurse/patient ratio: a critical shortage of trained and experienced nurses; increased political and fiscal demands from all sectors of society; rising costs internally and externally combined with a rising number of under-insured; and the conundrum of nursing ethics and the ability to foster excellence in care and patient advocacy. We note that there remains an issue about hiring more nurses -- where will these nurses come from if the nursing schools do not increase their recruitment efforts and broaden their curriculum. In addition, we note that the large majority of patients and stakeholders primarily want two things when admitted to a healthcare facility: better paid nurses and more highly-trained professionals who are satisfied with their vocation.
Introduction
Modern nursing is, by necessity, a mixture of complex balance: patient care vs. staffing; procedures…… [Read More]
Nursing theory Research and Practice
Words: 1463 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 22350706Nursing theory, research, and practice
Scenario in which theory, research, and practice interact to create good patient outcomes
Imogene King’s theory
Functional Status
Nurse-Patient Relationship
Using the Imogene King’s theory to enhance Nurse-Patient Relationship
Enhanced Patient care
narrative explanation of your visual representation following the diagram.
Nursing theories have been developed as a way of trying to explain the fundamental importance of clinical practice (INSCOL, 2014). Even though these theories are used to guide practice, it is true to claim that most of them have not been put to the test as a way of determining whether the proposed nursing actions produce the claimed effects. If nursing asserts itself as the professional practice it is a professional practice environment must be supported and practiced. In order to enhance the outcome of patients and nursing staff then the professional nursing practice must be supported (INSCOL, 2014). There exist several nursing theories…… [Read More]
Nursing Culture Overcoming Barriers to Change Introduction
Words: 5230 Length: 19 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 4699596Nursing Culture: Overcoming Barriers to Change
Introduction and Theoretical Framework
This program of study continues personal research and professional practice in the field of nursing within the area of public and private health systems. In an era characterized by increasing calls for more efficient approaches to healthcare delivery and accountability on the part of healthcare providers, there is a growing need for identifying opportunities to overcome organizational barriers to change that facilitate the implementation and sustainment of evidence-based practices over time. In order to accomplish this challenging enterprise, the nature of existing organizational barriers must be better understood, an issue that directly relates to the problem to be considered by the study proposed herein and which is discussed further below.
Statement of the Problem
According to Mannion, Davies and Marshall et al. (2005), the results of much of the research to date have identified a relationship between nursing culture and…… [Read More]
Nursing Argument Getting Old Is Not Fun
Words: 1604 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 98284970Nursing Argument
Getting old is not very fun when considering the opinions of the elderly. This is true because many hard and difficult decisions must be made in terms of health and health care. Two options immediately arise when one is not able to take care of themselves and seek the assistance of others. The first option is home health care and the other is nursing home health care. The purpose of this essay is to examine, weigh and discuss these two options. This essay will then conclude on when it is best to choose nursing home care and when it is not wise or advisable to do such a thing.
Home Health Care
What exactly is home health care and what does it entail? Home health care helps seniors live independently for as long as possible, given the limits of their medical condition. It covers a wide range of…… [Read More]
Nursing & Humanities Alice Munro Slides for
Words: 1500 Length: 5 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 34301276Nursing & Humanities, Alice Munro
SLIDES FOR A PRESENTATION OF HUMANTIES AND NURSING: CHRONIC AND TERMINAL CARE ISSUES PRESENTED IN ALICE MUNRO'S "THE DAY OF THE BUTTERFLY," BELLE & SEBASTIAN'S "IT COULD HAVE BEEN A BRILLIANT CAREER," AND TONY KUSHNER'S "ANGELS IN AMERICA"
"The Day of the Butterfly" by Alice Munro is a quiet portrayal of elementary schoolgirls in 1950s Canada learning one of their classmates has a terminal illness.
"It Could Have Been A Brilliant Career" performed by Belle and Sebastian is a song about a young stroke victim and his caregiver.
"Angels in America" is a television-film adaptation of the Pulitzer-Prize-winning play by Tony Kushner, and depicts the AIDS epidemic in 1986 before any cure or medication had been discovered.
FOUR
From the standpoint of a professional Nurse, these artistic depictions of terminal and end-of-life illness teach us emotional lessons about the experience of survivors -- they ask…… [Read More]
Even under the best of circumstances, nurses are regularly exposed to patients experiencing pain and they routinely encounter grief in situations involving disability and death. All of those environmental factors can be the source of emotional stress that can also present significant challenges in terms of maintaining a grounded spirituality. If nurses hope to be able to cope with all of those stresses over the long-term, they must develop stress-reduction strategies, relaxation techniques, and supportive human relationships to maintain their emotional and spiritual health.
Contemporary healthcare is becoming more and more open to the holistic perspective (Tong, 2007). As part of the patient-education and counseling role of nurses, they should be prepared to help patients understand the many complex ways that various life issues relate to their health and the general interconnectedness of their physical, emotional, and spiritual integrity. Naturally, nurses should pay attention to all of those interrelated issues…… [Read More]
Nursing Leadership and Management Situational
Words: 2278 Length: 8 Pages Document Type: SWOT Paper #: 61206188The caregiver role includes those activities that assist the client physically, mentally, and emotionally, while still preserving the client's dignity. In order for one to be an effective caregiver, the patient must be treated in a holistic manner. Proper communication and advocacy is another role that the modern caregiver assumes when providing quality care (Carroll).
It is in the role of patient advocacy and cost-cutting that most nursing leaders are directly involved with hospital policy. Technology has increased the ease and ability for adequate communication -- there are more translators, access to databases, etc. within the field, and certainly there is more information about healthcare available for the layperson. However, the manner in which modern medicine works -- the reality that it is the nurse as opposed to the doctor who tends to follow the patient throughout their care, lends greater credibility to the use of the modern nurse as…… [Read More]
Nurse Distance Education Regulation and Legislation
Words: 1595 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 66202723Nurse, Legislation and egulation
Identify a legislative issue/policy change related to a workforce/patient care issue that you believe to be a priority. Describe legislative efforts surrounding your interest.
The developments and strides in distance education has proved to be a worthwhile evolution in educating as well as practice of modern nursing construct that now requires some really fast and accurate means of knowledge dissemination (Benner et al., 2010; IOM, 2010; Jones & Wolf, 2010). The advanced technology helps in extending the reach of multifaceted nursing faculty, where the students might be placed in remote areas and lack access to quality education in pursuing their nursing dreams as a career option (Jones & Wolf, 2010). The predicaments faced in these newly evolved settings, as envisaged by Board of Nursing (BON), are noted as under:
BON needs that the local educational regulations match with their own while approving distance education programs.
The…… [Read More]
Nursing-Sensitive Indicators Produced by Ndqf
Words: 4493 Length: 15 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 76543671The prescriptions include wisdom, honesty, and courage, as well as human dignity, integrity, respect, health, and independence.
Part 3: Formulate possible evidence-based practices and an action plan that could work towards achieving improvement outcomes.
Provide insight into the diagnostic processes (e.g., root cause analysis) used to determine the primary causes of the problem. Consider both qualitative (cause-effect diagram, barrier analysis), and quantitative (theory testing or drill down analysis) methods.
Analyze the cost-effectiveness of your initiative and how your initiative mitigates risk and improves health care outcomes.
Countless interventions have been used for fall prevention amongst the elderly population. These include risk-assessment and management programs, I.e. Designed to screen those who are most at risk and to design interventions that will reduce their risk of falling; exercise programs slanted dot enhancing flexibility, endurance, and strength; education programs (including one-to -one counseling on methods to prevent falls); environmental modification in homes or…… [Read More]
Nursing Role Chronically Ill and
Words: 1130 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 53422951[Roberta S. Rehm]. Thus, the need for nurses to upgrade their skills in handling assistive technical gadgets becomes more pronounced. The most frustrating and stressful situation for parents is when school authorities fail to show an active interest in the needs and care requirements of the technologically dependent children. Here again, school nurses, as health care deliverers in the school, can exhibit a proactive approach. Increased parent- nurse rapport is one way to reduce the parental concern for children with special needs. Clearly, nurses are central in delivering quality medicare for dependant children and in promoting it in the school setting. They have to play a coordinated role with parents and school administration to ensure that required level of care is delivered to the dependent children. [Roberta S. Rehm]
It needs to be highlighted here that schools nurses may not be always available as in many cases they are entrusted…… [Read More]
Nursing Organizations the Purpose Mission Activities Benefits
Words: 1037 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 18217368Nursing Organizations
The purpose, mission, activities, benefits, and target audience of two professional nursing organizations: The National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners and the American College of Nurse Midwives
A nurse beginning her medical career will likely want to join an organization that can support her throughout her tenure in the profession. On a personal level, professional organizations provide a source of continuing education and networking. On a professional level, organizations such as the National Association of Pediatric Nurse Practitioners (NAPNAP) and the American College of Nurse Midwives (ACNM) act as advocates for the interests of professionals. They demand that nurses' unique areas of expertise are honored and treated with respect, and that the interests of children and their parents are honored. hen selecting which organization to join, however, a nurse must ask herself this critical, soul-searching question: what area is her primary field of practice? Does the nurse seek…… [Read More]
Nursing Define the Problem Today There Is
Words: 870 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 95827795Nursing
Define the Problem
Today, there is a serious problem within the nursing field. There is a huge shortage of nurses in general, but an even greater shortage of nurses with higher levels of education. This ultimately means there are less capable nursing staff that can take on specialty and leadership roles. Unfortunately, "without a more educated nursing workforce, the nation's health will be further at risk" (Tri-Council of Nursing, 2010). Without greater numbers of RNs with advanced degrees, there is only so much the available nursing population can contribute within the field of healthcare. It is clear that "nurses with advanced education are needed in large numbers to serve as teachers, scientists, primary care givers, specialists, and leaders throughout the healthcare delivery system" (Tri-Council of Nursing, 2010). Currently, there is a huge shortage of more advanced nursing specialists and practitioners. s the nation's healthcare demands continue to grow and…… [Read More]
he Neuman Model is appropriate for senior care.
Studies necessary with other models.
Penrod, et.al.; Reframing Person Centered Care for Persons with Dementia
Research and heory for Nursing Practice
2007
Lit. Review, discussion
Lit. Review
Research shows individual personhood approach has positive effects on care.
Biomedical and psychological models must be merged for persons with dementia.
Integration models
Further study using different integration modeling.
Rajapaksa and Rothstein; Factors hat Influence the Decisions of Men and Women Nurses to Leave Nursing.
Nursing Forum
2009
Case Study
Qualitative, some quantitative analysis
For men, compensation largest barrier to remaining in nursing; for women dissatisfaction with career goals
Barriers to entry in profession for men and still social stigma
It is possible for hospitals and care centers to develop program to retain more nurses
Needs more demographic and psychographic variation.
Gillespie and Peterson; Helping Novice Nurses Make Effective Clinical Decisions
Nursing Education
2009
Case…… [Read More]
Health Information Technology has significant impacts on nursing policy and practice including the role of these professionals in patient education. Actually, the Information Technology development process in healthcare is based on the nurses' ability to understand the community and provide distinctive insights about patient education among other factors (Effken & Abbott, 2009). Since nurses are important elements of the healthcare system, they are critical in ensuring that the confidence of patients in the health providers is maintained even as technology mediates interactions.
The main impact of the emergence of Health Information Technology on the role of a nurse in patient education is that technology mediates interactions between patients and their care providers. As a result, nurses are required to ensure that the role technology plays in mediating these interactions does not affect the insights provided in the process or the delivery of improved patient care. Moreover, through Health Information Technology,…… [Read More]
Nursing Science for the Express
Words: 314 Length: 1 Pages Document Type: Admission Essay Paper #: 99856469Now that domestic economic factors have reshaped much of the post-graduate employment landscape, the nursing field is only that much better a choice for me.
According to a recent study published in 2008 in the United Kingdom, researchers determined that empathy and caring among Nursing program students (as measured by questionnaires) declined throughout the educational training process, with program entrants and first-year students consistently exhibiting greater levels of empathy and caring than upper-class students. Therefore, part of my commitment to my future profession is to defy that phenomenon to the best of my ability through conscious awareness and effort throughout my undergraduate studies at xxxxxx University and my professional training afterwards. Ultimately, I hope that effort will also enable me to contribute positively and consistently to the xxxxxxxxxx University community during my undergraduate education should I be fortunate enough to be awarded admission to…… [Read More]
ecause this is true, it is critically clear that the nursing leadership manager's role is one of a vital nature and that support for nurses in their role is the primary component that must necessarily be integral to leadership in nursing in dialysis units if the turnover of nurses is reduced to the lowest possible level. The nursing leadership manager's role is one that must proactively deal with burnout of these dialysis unit nurses instead of attempting to address these as they occur. Prevention is 'key' toward this end. As the demands grow for quality and competent nursing staff so does the need grow for competency in leadership nursing manager roles. ecause the dialysis unit nurse is very closely involved in their patient's care and because these patients are required to report for treatment several days a week for several hours a day the nurse's mental, physical and emotional state…… [Read More]
If nursing students are being asked to absorb 30-40% more information during undergraduate years, it is logical to see that they do so early in their academic career -- almost as a prerequisite for more advanced practicum.
Then, of course, there is the matter of the learning curve in professional education. If one compares schooling for registered nurses with that of physician's assistants or physicians, one often sees a growing gap between the clinical abilities of nursing staff and actual patient care needs. This cause has been attributed to deficiencies in some skill sets of new graduates -- which has the effect of pushing nursing schools and curriculum toward more robust materials (Berkow, Virkstsis, Sewart, and Conway, 2008). However, is the solution simply adding more materials to memorize and read, or might it be more efficient to take a look at the time frame of the educational experience and ask…… [Read More]
Professional Accountability and Patient Safety
Words: 2086 Length: 6 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 33731193Assessment 3: Professional Accountability and Patient Safety
Defining the Issue: Violence from Patients towards Nurses:
In this discussion, I concern myself with ‘violence from patients towards nurses.’ It is important to note, from the onset, that violence meted to nurses by patients is one of the least discussed contemporary nursing issues. In the words of Stevenson, Jack, O’Mara and LeGris (2015, p. 32), “registered nurses (RNs), compared to other healthcare providers are at a higher risk of experiencing violence in the workplace that is initiated by patients and families.” In essence, violence from patients towards nurses includes any act of aggression initiated by the patient and (or) their relatives and friends and directed at the nurse. Acts of aggression in this case could include, but they are not limited to, grabbing, scratching, hitting, and in some cases shouting down the nurse in a threating manner. It is important to note…… [Read More]
Nursing Turnover and Leadership
Words: 1266 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 52245752Effective Approaches in Leadership and Management
Nursing turnover is one of the most important issues facing the health care industry today. Turnover rates increase costs for health care facilities and decrease the quality of care for patients, as new nurses constantly need to be trained and a lack of experience throughout the department can mean that patients suffer ultimately from a continuous rotation of novices (Twibell, 2012). Han, Trinkoff and Geiger-Brown (2014) have shown that various factors can impact turnover rates: nurses can be burned out by working too many shifts or consecutive hours; they can feel overburdened and unsupported; they can feel that they are not empowered to actually care for the patients they way they were taught they should. All of this can contribute to high turnover rates in nursing. This paper will discuss the ways leaders/managers can address the problem, the approach that I would personally prefer,…… [Read More]
1997, the average pass rate for first time test takers on the NCLEX-RN was 93%. Since 1997, the national average pass rate on the NCLEX-RN has declined to 83.8% (National Organization for Associate Degree Nursing, 2002). The pass rate for the state of North Carolina and many other states has also declined in recent years.
Community colleges are the prime educators of new registered nurses in the United States. In 1997, 701 community colleges awarded 41,258 associate degrees in nursing (National Center for Education Statistics 1997). The combined ADN graduate pool constituted 60% of the U.S. graduates who took the NCLEX-RN exam in 2000,and these graduates represent the largest group of nurses entering the profession (National Council of State oards of Nursing 2001). On the other hand, baccalaureate programs graduated 37% of the total; and diploma or hospital-based educational programs, graduated 3%.(Teich, et al.)
In addition to educating the majority…… [Read More]
Nursing Considerations as They Appear
Words: 677 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 68455263Pillars of Nurse Treatment
In my humble esteem, I believe there is a fair amount of truth in the statements that pertain to these two questions in this assignment. On an extremely fundamental level, working as a nurse certainly involves increasing the level of comfort for patients. The notion of making patients more comfortable is the crux of these couple of statements, which reference hand holding and back rubbing as examples of how nurses can make others feel better. Again, the need to do so is certainly something that most patients appreciate, and which benefits them in both the short-term and the long-term. However, there is more to nursing than simply comforting someone during their time of distress. In fact, there is a significant amount of aspects pertaining to nursing that actually have very little to do with comforting patients. Nurses need to understand many different technical principles, many of…… [Read More]
Nurse Practitioners and Their Future in Healthcare
Words: 1447 Length: 4 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 45371476Evolving Practice of Nursing and Patient Care Delivery Models
How the Practice of Nursing is Expected to Grow and Change: The Future of Nursing has a few healthcare delivery challenges unique to it, but there are several such issues that commonly occur in other nations, as well. Population aging is one issue that generates demand for increased healthcare services. A growing number of individuals, from all age groups, suffer from chronic illnesses; about 50% of U.S. citizens have been diagnosed with arthritis, diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, mental disorders, and hypertension (Reinhard & Hassmiller, n.d.).
A 2009 report by the AARP (American Association of Retired Persons) pertaining to chronic problems notes that patients and caregivers have firsthand experience of the absence of patient care-related coordination amongst healthcare workers, typically leading to needless repeat hospitalizations, repeat procedures and examinations, and arduous hospital-to-home moves. An acute dearth of professionals (such as nurses) is being…… [Read More]
Professional Socialization and Nursing Stages
Words: 936 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 49394606nurse is difficult and tedious. It involves a lot more than a mere succession of skills and business activities. In fact, nursing is a part of the many processes, one of which is the process of socialization that is development and internalization of professional identity. This level of socialization, professional socialization is required for connecting with students and newcomers in professional practices. Therefore, it is important to increase the understanding of one of nursing's most important aspect, professional socialization, and explore the interconnected factors from the standpoint of a nursing student. This essay will examine Benner's five stages and provide personal reflection the topic of role socialization in nursing.
Body
Patricia Benner wanted to understand how nurses make the transition from inexperienced novice to confident expert. She developed five stages in order to express her thought on such a transition. The stages she described are:
"Novice
2. Advanced Beginner
3.…… [Read More]
Healthcare
We can compare the healthcare workplace to what is seen by a person when he/she looks through a kaleidoscope: since there are numerous different patterns that appear as the moments pass by. The shortage of nurses which has been publicized widely and the high turnover rates amongst the nurses are some of the unwanted patterns which have occurred. The dependence of healthcare institutions on the nurse-managers for the retention and recruitment of nurses is steadily increasing (Contino, 2004).
There are a number of routes through which the critical care nurses have become the leaders. Most of these routes don't have any educational or managerial training as a part of the process. There is a need for effective strategies for the care leaders who provide critical care in order to inspire the staff and manage the departmental operations in an effective manner to get positive results. One of the strategies…… [Read More]
Nursing Education Learning Styles
Words: 857 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Essay Paper #: 94737000Student success a - endeavor. The student give 100% instructor provide students a 100%. The student responsibility prepared learn material assigned, turn assignments time, pay attention taught discussed, questions needed.
I agree that the process of education is a dialogue, not a monologue. Although an educator may have a plan about what he or she wishes to teach, the teacher must respond to student input. The students may not understand the material in the manner in which it is initially presented; they may be bored or ill-prepared; they may have probing and unexpected questions; or they may have different learning styles.
Using different approaches is particularly essential in healthcare education, given that new scientific knowledge builds upon old knowledge. emediation is successful because it ensures students have knowledge of the foundational concepts early on, before the student becomes completely left behind. Given the nursing shortage the nation is facing, finding…… [Read More]
nursing manuscript revision edits
Words: 2291 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Article Paper #: 88457460Manuscript Discussion
The Grade Experience of Online Nurse Practitioner Students Who Took More Than One Clinical Course Per Quarter
The shortage in primary care physicians has increased the demand for nurse practitioners (NPs). Online NP programs are of interest to working students with other personal and professional life demands. This study examines grade experience differences for students of an online NP program who took more than one clinical course per quarter (OCCPQ) as compared to those who did not take more than OCCPQ. This retrospective study consisted of 3,760 NP students who graduated between fall 2013 through spring 2016. Those who took more than OCCPQ had a greater percentage of clinical course failures at first attempt as compared to those who did not take more than OCCPQ (2.1% versus 0.8%, p=0.001). Multivariate logistic regression adjusting for relevant covariates maintained these results with increased odds for clinical course failures for those…… [Read More]
Professional Burnout in General Professional
Words: 550 Length: 2 Pages Document Type: Article Review Paper #: 21946538Another 1997 study suggested that the increasing intensity of work and the regular exposure to potentially violent patients is another significant stressor that accounts for job burnout among CMHNs.
A much earlier study from 1987 was also cited by the authors because it specifically identified two factors as unique sources of stress for psychiatric nurses: patient contact and administrative and organizational factors. In that regard, the authors reported the collective findings of a series of studies from 1985 to 1996 that further detailed the roles of exposure to violent and disruptive patients, staff shortages, and conflicts with fellow staff members and patients' families as significant sources of vocational stress related to job burnout in the mental health nursing field. wo separate studies in that series from 1989 and 1995 both determined that scarce resources (including staff shortages) greatly exacerbated the negative effects of all of those stressors.
Conclusion
he article…… [Read More]
Nursing and Personal Experience
Words: 2440 Length: 8 Pages Document Type: Research Paper Paper #: 54162562Family centered care is a noble belief deeming family members and health care staff as equal partners and working collectively to address the needs of the kid. Competency rises when a system synergizes as nurses and patient / family member's honors each other's commitment to heath care. Patient family centered care is a continuous process in order to address the needs and duties of families (St. Jude Children's Hospital, 2014).
Words and concepts that describe this phenomenon
Dignity, respect, information sharing, participation and teamwork
Identifying terms (concepts) that can summarize, label or name this phenomenon
Each family and child is different: Families have diverse backgrounds, life experiences, customs and traditions, education, cultural values and notions. Care should be facilitated equally to all patients whilst catering the choices and needs of each family (St. Jude Children's Hospital, 2014).
Open communication between family, patients and healthcare staff: It's productive to openly voice…… [Read More]
4. Identify effective approaches to bridging the cross-cultural gap that may prevent families from using nursing home facilities when they are in the elders' best interests.
Strategies
The following strategies will be used to help achieve the above-stated goals:
1. Develop expertise in writing grant applications.
2. Identify nongovernmental organizations that provide funding for these types of social programs.
3. Formulate a community education program to inform the people of Liberia of the need for long-term care facilities for the elderly when immediate family members are unable or unavailable to do so.
4. Develop a training regimen that can be used to help employees become familiar with the day-to-day care needs of the elderly and what part they will play in the process.
Tactics
Given the current reluctance of the international community to make substantive investments in Liberia, the short-term tactics used to achieve the above-stated goals would require an…… [Read More]
Nursing Ethics Leadership Competencies
Words: 907 Length: 3 Pages Document Type: Term Paper Paper #: 12852986achievement of the course outcomes in this course have prepared you to meet the MSN program outcome #4, the MSN Essential IV, and the Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 7.
The achievement of course outcomes has prepared me to meet the fourth MSN program outcome: which is to evaluate the design, implementation, and outcomes of strategies developed to meet healthcare needs. Completing the course has also promoted the MSN Essential IV, and the Nurse Practitioner Core Competencies # 7. MSN Essential IV is "translating and integrating scholarship into practice," which is a core component of professional nursing. Through the course, we recognize the value of evidence-based practice as we integrate research outcomes within the practice setting. We also resolve practice problems, work as a change agent, and disseminate results.
Program Outcome #4: Evaluate the design, implementation, and outcomes of strategies developed to meet healthcare needs (MSN Essentials)
Evaluating the design,…… [Read More]