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Research Methods
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What is Research Methods?

Research methods is a foundational topic across scientific, social, and professional disciplines, appearing in courses ranging from social work and marketing to environmental design and criminal justice. The subject examines how knowledge is systematically produced, validated, and interpreted. Its academic interest lies in the tension between competing philosophical frameworks — including positivist and interpretivist orientations — and in questions of epistemology and ontology that shape how researchers define what counts as credible evidence. Understanding these foundations helps students evaluate not just findings but the processes that generate them.

The papers in this area take a wide range of approaches. Some focus on methodological comparison, weighing qualitative against quantitative research methods and analyzing the pros and cons of each. Others apply specific methods to concrete contexts, such as evaluating police reform efficacy, researching the needs of disabled people for web design, or supporting managerial decision-making through simulation. Additional papers examine data-collection instruments directly, including questionnaires and focus groups, while others address disciplinary applications in social work or marketing principles.

A strong essay on research methods begins with a clearly scoped thesis that identifies which methodological question or comparison the paper will address rather than surveying all methods in general terms. Evidence carries the most weight when it connects methodological choices to specific research goals, participant needs, or analytical outcomes. Writers should take care to avoid treating qualitative and quantitative approaches as simply good or bad — the more rigorous move is to evaluate each method relative to the research context, data type, and the questions a study is actually designed to answer.

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Paper Undergraduate
Experimental Research Methods in Business and Organizations
The author provides a survey of the literature illustrating applied experimental research methods in cross-sections of business and organization types. The advantages and disadvantages of the experimental research methods are discussed for each of the examples provided which run the gamut from depression-era agricultural economics to research conducted for the National Science Institute. While the article focuses on business research methods, the range of examples from multiple disciplines serves to demonstrate the adaptability of various methods to distinct contexts, the importance of thoughtfully developed research questions, and perceptions in the field regarding scientific rigor. The article is intended to guide students in their exploration of the breadth and depth of experimental research methods and to convey a sense of the challenges of applied scientific inquiry. Key words: Experimental research, quasi-experimental research, open innovation, market research, operations management, organization development, scientific inquiry.
Paper Undergraduate
Human Memory: Distortion, Repression, Body Memory, and Law
The paper is a substantial literature review chapter. The field of research is psychology and the topic is the human memory. The paper is loosely separate into sections on human memory including: memory distortion, factors that affect memory, changes in the psychological perspective of human memory, and the inclusion of the body in psychotherapeutic practice. The paper considers the traditions of thinking and methodology in the study of human memory, as well as the modern trends in this field.
Paper Doctorate
Communications and Women's Studies: Discipline Overview
Interdisciplinary Studies – Academic Disciplines – Communications and Women's Studies Communications Studies and Women's Studies are wide-ranging globally important disciplines with applications in fields as diverse as education, law, business and nonprofit administration, for a few examples. Arizona State University has excellent programs in both Disciplines. The ASU Hugh Downs School of Human Communication takes a comprehensive approach to the area of "Communications," encompassing both Undergraduate and Graduate Studies. By studying and critiquing human communications, ASU's program seeks to create "knowledge, creativity and understanding" vital to families, workplaces and communities. Stressing foundational knowledge of communication theories, research methods, conceptual knowledge and practical communications skills, the program is focused on creating globally effective professionals in communications-related fields such as law, business, sales, human resources, public relations and management of nonprofit organizations. By preparing undergraduates and graduates for communications-related fields that are relevant worldwide, ASU is addressing the needs of an increasingly complex, shrinking globe. Equally globally relevant is Arizona State's Women's Studies program. ASU offers Women's Studies within the broader context of "Social Transformation," a field that also probes African and African American Studies, Asian Pacific American Studies, Culture, Society and Education, Justice and Social Inquiry. Clearly, ASU's Women's Studies program is not a narrow topic that is merely focused inward; rather, it is an interdisciplinary, diverse, multiple-perspective program seeking to engage students in various majors, minors and other fields of study. The obvious object of such a program is its students' readiness for local and global relevance by tackling such subfields as gender, health, sexuality, science and technology, work, globalization, ecology, social policy, violence prevention, media, film, performance and the arts through specifically named subfields such as: Culture; Economics; Film; History; Literature; Politics; and Science. In sum, though Communications Studies and Women's Studies are treated as distinct Disciplines, their ultimate purpose is the preparation of individuals for worldwide multidisciplinary relevance.
Research Paper Doctorate
Medicare and Medicaid Reform: Prescription Drug Coverage for Elderly
Medicare and Medicaid are government-sponsored programs whose objective is to provide patients with health assistance upon meeting specific criteria. Medicare is the federal program that provides insurance for elderly…
Paper Doctorate
Loan Associations in Developing Countries: Research Methodology
The data that is published using different sources is classified as secondary data. The data that is gathered through these authentic sources is used in the qualitative model of research. The researchers can take advantage of the data published in books, professional and peer reviewed journal articles, data reports in the business, and many other newspaper articles are also used as credible sources of secondary data.
Paper Undergraduate
Tesco vs. Small Grocery Stores in Bangkok, Thailand
Small grocery store owners in Thailand are faced with the ever growing threat of foreign – owned hypermarkets. Hypermarkets are part of a global trend that threatens to destroy the small grocery store. If this trend continues the traditional market structure of Thailand might become obsolete in the future. This research explores strategies that small grocery store owners can employ to remain profitable and to survive into the future.
Paper Masters
Functional Illiteracy and Public Sector HR Policy Research
The hiring and management policies of human resource professionals working within government agencies were surveyed by Anderson and Ricks (1993). The found sufficient evidence supporting the theory that many government agencies in the Southeast and upper Midwest maintain a worker caste system by knowingly hiring basic skills-deficient workers and then de-skilling job requirements, rather than providing skills training. The overall effect is to maintain an underclass of unskilled labor with little prospect for advancement to more skilled and better paid positions.
Research Paper Doctorate
Market Orientation in Hospital Cardiac Diagnostic Units
Dissertation for Master of Health Administration i. Introduction ii. Objectives iii. Description iv Administrative Internship v. Scope and Approach vi. Growth vii. Methodology viii.
Paper Undergraduate
Using Probability to Make Decisions Under Uncertainty
The paper uses an example of a situation with two independent variables to demonstrate the way probability may be used to make a business decision. The way that the probability is calculated is demonstrated and the way assumptions are made is explained. The paper ends by using the calculated probability of the different outcomes to make a decision.
Research Paper Doctorate
Online Graduate Education: Design and Competency-Based Models
¶ … Amy attended the county's administrator forum, it became clear that the rumor mill about the "Good Ole' Boys" network was not exaggerated. Sitting across the table from fifteen district superintendents, not one in…