Rheumatoid Arthritis: Risks/enefits of Latest Treatments
Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a form of arthritis characterized by swelling and tenderness which recent studies have revealed that approximately 1% of grownups suffer from. A common symptom of this disease is symmetric polyarticular inflammation of the synovium, typically of the small joints of the hands (MCP and PIP), wrists and feet. This swelling causes discomfort and difficulty of movement and could result into gradual joint injury characterized by misshapenness and disability. The major compound used in treating this rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is methotrexate. This compound has been used for over 40 years in treating various types of rheumatoid ailments and is still one of the most effective treatment methods for RA. Its combination with modern treatments which tackle the disorders in the immune system, conditions termed as biological DMARDs, have transformed the method of treating RA. This review will give a brief and succinct….

Socio-Ecological Assessment
The population that I have selected is females, specifically adult females. The health condition that I have selected is arthritis. Arthritis is an issue that often afflicts older adults. It is a joint disorder that is the inflammation of joints, which can cause pain and can also be debilitating. There are different types of arthritis, including osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, and psoriatic arthritis. The reason for studying females in particular is to determine if there are different factors that affect the rates at which women develop arthritis vs. The rates at which men do. If there are factors specific to females, that can help both in the prevention and the treatment of the condition.

A few different determinants of arthritis have been determined. One is obesity. A study found that obese individuals had three times the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis than normal weight individuals (Pedersen et al., 2006). Studies have….

Overview of a Recently Approved Drug by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration The exhaustive and lengthy approval process used by the U.S. Food & Drug Administration (FDA) means that when new drugs are released, they are considered sufficiently safe for use by humans as directed by physicians. This approval process, though, also means that just a relatively few new drugs are approved each year, including Kevzara used to treat adult rheumatoid arthritis approved for release on May 22, 2017 (Novel drug approvals, 2017). Given the rapid increase in the elderly demographic in the U.S. in recent years that is projected to continue well into the 21st century (Poterba, 2016), novel treatments for adult rheumatoid arthritis represent important and timely advances in drug therapy. This paper provides a description of Kevazara, including its pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetic properties as well as an overview of the rheumatoid arthritis disease state for which it….

Pharmacology
The drug that is chosen for this paper is Rituxan (Rituximab), which is prescribed for the treatment of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma; Rheumatoid arthritis; and chronic lymphocytic leukemia (Rituxan.com). This is a drug that comes with stern warnings of dangerous reactions, including serious infections, heart problems, kidney problems, stomach and serious bowel problems, and some side effects "can lead to death" (Rituxan.com).

Clinical Pharmacology

Under the heading "prescribing directions," the drug company offers "Clinical Pharmacology" -- "Mechanism of Action," "Pharmacodyamics," and Pharmacokinetics"

Pharmacodyamics

In patients suffering with Non-Hodgkin's Lymphoma (NHL), tests revealed that when NHL patients were administered Rituxan there was a depletion of "tissue-based B cells." The first study (using 166 patients) showed that "circulating CD 19-positive B cells were depleted" in the first three weeks of the test. And the depletion of B cells continued for 6 to 9 months after the treatment. As to B-cell recovery, 83% of the 166 patients began to….

Arthritis is considered as one of the major health conditions affecting a significant portion of the United States population. Even though the condition currently affects approximately 50 million adults in the country, it is not primarily an adulthood health condition. There are numerous cases of children suffering from arthritis, which implies that this condition is not uncommon among children. As a result of the prevalence of arthritis among children and adults, understanding the pathophysiology and symptoms of this condition has emerged as an important component in proper diagnosis and treatment. This paper examines the pathophysiology of osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis in relation to the similarities and differences between the two conditions. The analysis includes a selection of two patient factors that could impact the pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment of these conditions. Pathophysiology of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Arthritis is an umbrella term that refers to different conditions involving inflammation of the joints….

Therapies/Treatments That Can Be Done to Help the Immune System of a Patient 18-55 Diagnosed With Rheumatoid Arthritis
THERAPIES/TREATENTS TO HELP THE IUNE SYSTE OF An 18-55 PATIENT DIAGNOSED WITH RHEUATOID ARTHRITIS

Therapies/treatments that can be done to help the immune system of a patient 18-55 diagnosed with Rheumatoid Arthritis (RA)

Annotated Bibliography

Cem Gabay, A, et al. (2013). Tocilizumab onotherapy vs. Adalimumab onotherapy for the Treatment Of Rheumatoid Arthritis (ADACTA): A Randomized, Double-Blind, Controlled Phase 4 Trial.

Using a randomized population involving double-blind, Phase 4 superiority and parallel-group, the study used 76 centers found in different countries including the U.S. The patients used were above 18 years and suffering from Rheumatoid Arthritis for the last six months and above. The patients were supposed to have shown intolerance to methotrexate or were not appropriate for a continuation of the treatment using this method. With the random assignment of 1:1, the patients have introduced to tocilizumab….

Arthritic conditions found within the joints of the body: their causes, treatment, current research, and what effect they have on athletic participation.
Types of Arthritis

Osteoarthritis

heumatoid Arthritis

Psoriatic Arthritis

Causes of Arthritis

Treatments Available

Current esearch

Arthritis and Athletic Activities

Learning Outcome

Arthritis is said to be the number one cause of disability in the United States, with more individuals disabled with arthritis than by both heart disease and strokes (Lewis 2000).

Arthritis is also a disease that is plagued with misunderstanding. The Center for Disease Control warns that it is these misunderstandings that result in the disease doing so much harm (Lewis 2000).

Some of the common misunderstandings involve recognizing that there are different types of arthritis and that arthritis is not only a disease of the aged. Arthritis is also often not taken seriously enough in its early stages, preventing individuals from seeking medical help that could prevent the disease from worsening.

There is also an important link between sports,….

Health Self-Assessment
Neuroscience is the study of the nervous system. Neuroplasticity reflects the brain's ability to transform itself. This is an important concept, because it means that the brain is constantly changing, in that there is no constant self. The brain can thus be "re-wired," as a consequence of this neuroplasticity. When considering the brain and its role in our health, this is important because as the brain regenerates, we have the opportunity to change it. We do not need to be who we were, for example. Some of this is fairly common sense -- new experiences can change us -- but neuroscience has allowed this to be proven, that our brains are not set entities but can be transformed. Even more important is the finding that we can change our own brains over time with training (Draganski, et al., 2004).

Stress is one of the major influences on the nervous system,….

Card
Chen, X., Huang, R., Huang, Q., Chu, Y., and Yao, J. (2015). Systemic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Clinical Efficacy and Adverse Effects of ZhengqingFengtongning Combined with Methotrexate in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Evidence-Based Complementary and Alternative Medicine Volume 2015.

By definition, Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a protracted general inflammatory ailment, categorized by infammation of the synovial soft tissue and mutilation to articular tendons and bone, which in turn brings about extreme incapacity, practical deterioration, and enhanced death. This ailment is the most prevalent one with rheumatism having a pervasiveness of about one percent in North America and Europe, while that of Southeast Asia is lower to some extent as it has about 0.3%. The disease is an area of major concern as it is estimated that at the present moment, about five million individuals suffer from rheumatoid arthritis. This in turn has come to be both a social and economic problem….

Doctors should be consulted on their effectiveness and safety (NIAMSD).
In the meantime, a person with fibromyalgia can help himself or herself feel better besides taking medicines (National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Disorders 2004). He can try to get enough sleep of the right kind to ease or lessen the pain and fatigue. Although pain and fatigue may make exercise and daily activities difficult, the person should be as physically active as possible. Studies show that regular exercise is, in fact, among the most effective treatments of the condition. A patient can try walking or doing mild exercise slowly and according to the severity of his condition. He can or should also make adjustments at work, such as reducing his working hours or change to a less strenuous type of work, change some things in his work space. His diet also deserves a second look. Some persons….

Senio Fitness
Descibe the effect of execise on blood suga levels. How will this effect you execise ecommendations fo both insulin dependent and non-dependent clients food intake?

Execise cetainly helps to monito and assue healthy blood suga levels. It can help to decease cuent glucose levels in the blood as well as buning stoed blood suga, which is a leading facto in helping individuals lose weight. Moeove, execise can incease muscle mass and cadiovascula enduance. The addition of muscle can futhe help in egulating blood suga levels and glucose usage duing execise sessions.

When making ecommendations fo execise schedules fo clients with diabetes and othe insulin elated disodes, I would cetainly begin with a solid examination of the individual's specific backgound. While I would cetainly be inteested to know about any potential poblems even with non-diabetic clients, I would like to know about the seveity and specificity of the diabetic individual's medical histoy.….

Thermo Therapy
Application of healing thermal agents to certain body areas that feel wounded or dysfunction is heat treatment. The main use of a heat treatment is to help alleviate pain, support muscle repose, increase function of the tissue cells, improve blood flow, and remove poison from cells and to increase the extensibility of soft tissues. Superficial and deep are the two types of heat treatment. Superficial heat treatments apply heat to the exterior part of the body. Heat aimed at certain inner tissues through ultrasound or by electric current is deep heat treatment. Heat treatments are favorable before exercise, giving a limbering up result to the soft tissues involved. Heat treatment using conduction as a form of heat transfer in hot pacts is very common. Damp heat packs are easily available in most hospitals, physical treatment centers and sports teaching rooms.

For tissue heating many thermal agents are on hand. Superficial….

Fibromyalgia
One might consider fibromyalgia to be one of the most confounding conditions around today. It is debilitating. It results in several quality of life issues. The confounding aspect of this condition is that it is difficult to diagnose. It is also difficult to treat. Most treatment modalities today recourse to treating one or more specific symptoms -- but there is no treatment that can comprehensively treat all the symptoms. (NIAMS, 2004) More holistic treatment modes however, are being researched, explored and considered. Fibromyalgia often presents symptoms of other diseases. Essentially therefore, fibromyalgia is characterized by widespread pain that cannot be localized to any part of the body. It is also associated with fatigue and other specific (though not necessarily widespread) symptoms that will be discussed later in this work.

Fibromyalgia syndrome is often referred to in its abbreviation FMS. Some of the symptoms (though not all) enjoy significant overlap with other….

Muscular dystrophy and myasthenia gravis are complicated conditions. According to the research, muscular dystrophy is a "group of familial disorders that cause degeneration of skeletal muscle fibers" (Carroll, 2008, p 1633). Many researchers believe that the different types are each caused by different biochemical defects. For example, Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy is thought t be the result of a single gene defect "thought to be caused by a deletion of a segment of deoxyribonucleic acid" (Carroll, 2008, p 1633). Similarly, Becker Muscular Dystrophy is also caused by deformities in the X-link. Different types of dystrophy affect different muscle groups. There is the example of scapuloperneal Muscular Dystrophy, which affects the facial and shoulder muscles. Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune neuromuscular condition, caused by abnormal transmission of nerve impulses to the affected muscle groups. Normal communication is interrupted, where antibodies disrupt the flow of acetylcholine between nerves and muscles. It is also….

When using open reduction of dorsal displaced fractures of the radius to restore congruency and extra-articular anatomy, the authors recommended the use of their double-plating method. This method is reliable in providing stable internal fixation and in allowing early function. It is, however, and as earlier mentioned, a demanding technique, as ot requires careful; attention to detail.
Carter, P.. And PR Stuart. The Sauva-Kapankji Procedure for Post-Traumatic Disorders of the Distal Radio-Ulnar Joint. Journal of one and Joint Surgery: ritish Editorial Society of one and Joint Surgery, September 2000

Only one surgeon performed all the operations on a total of 37 patients for pain on the ulnar side of the wrist and decreased rotation of the forearm. The authors reported that most of the tested patients were better after the operation, although a significant number had some pain. Relief from pain could not be guaranteed and that residual pain associated with….