They brought a new sense of "free experimentation" to composition, while advancing realistic techniques that emphasized the use of "local color" in literature.
This style in the literary world helps to define the Romantic Era and has shaped writing to this day.

Science:

Of equal importance to literary pursuits during the Romantic era were achievements in science. By the 1830's, activity in science and technology was rapidly increasing and becoming a source of pride for nations.

The term "scientist" was coined during this time, and there was a movement away from spiritual and theological studies. The advancement of the discipline into more systemized categories led "men of science from all over Europe into developing new ways of conceptualizing the world."

Many scientific accomplishments occurred during this time period, including vaccinations, economic botany, and magnetism. At the same time, science was being brought out of the laboratory and into the home. As a result, "science…...

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Fulford, 65.

T. Fulford, & P. Kitson, Romanticism and Colonialism: Writing and Empire, 1780-1830 (New York, NY: Cambridge University Press) February 28, 2011,  http://catdir.loc.gov/catdir/samples/cam031/97044330.pdf .

Nature is the vehicle that leads him to awareness on a physical and emotional plane, expressed when he realizes that "each faculty of sense... keep[s] the heart/Awake to Love and Beauty" (62-3). Here we see that the poet is open to whatever his experience with nature will teach him.
Another poet that demonstrates the mood and tone of the Romantic era is Percy Shelley. In "Ode to the est ind," the poet attempts to reach for an experience that is beyond the material world. The poet is aware that the winds of "Autumn's being" (Shelley 1) are ushering in a change, representing the new season. e can see an appreciation for nature when the poet affirms that the winds, "Are driven, like ghosts from an enchanter fleeing" (4) and the poet's thoughts are like "winged seeds" (7) of each passing season. The winds indicate change in the unalterable change in…...

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Works Cited

Coleridge, Samuel. "This Lime-Tree Bower My Prison." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol I.M.H. Abrams, ed. New York W.W. Norton and Company. 1986.

Keats, John. "Ode to a Nightingale." English Romantic Writers. New York: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich, Publishers. 1967.

Shelley, Percy Blythe. "Ode to the West Wind." The Norton Anthology of English Literature. Vol. II. New York W.W. Norton and Company. 1986.

Music-omantic Period
'OMANTICISM' is a concept that can be easily recognized but is probably just as difficult to define. Like all other movements, omanticism also emerged as a reaction to general idea, practices, social norms and political problems of the time. The general concept of romanticism sees music as an expression of intimate and sublime emotions. The period that can be categorized as romantic varies but generally covers the decades from early 18th century to early nineteenth centuries. omantic influence on music was recognized as early as 1773 when Wyzewa and Saint-Foix thought they had seen 'grande crise romantique' in Mozart's symphonies. Abert felt he had also noticed 'ein romantischer Zug' in quartets K. 136-8. omantic influences were also evident in Haydn's minor-key symphonies of the 1770s and in Bach's compositions. omanticism was present in almost all of Beethoven's compositions but it is generally believed that the period 1830-90 was the…...

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REFERENCES

1) The Norton/Grove Concise Encyclopedia of Music Hardcover Revised edition (December 1994)

2) Daniel Gregory Mason. The Romantic Composers: The Macmillan Company. New York.1906.

3) William Kinderman. Beethoven. Oxford University Press. Oxford. 1997

4) Elliot Forbes as Thayer's Life of Beethoven ( Princeton: Princeton University Press, 1964

life of a "free artist" during the romantic period and with the artist's life in earlier periods
The life of a "free artist" during the early 19th century Romantic period of literature, art and music was conceptualized in terms of the artist as a free person, an artist outside of society, often beset upon by his or her inner demons. In contrast, the Classical period that immediately preceded the Romantic period during the 18th century valued wit and repartee rather than inner self-expression. Romantic literature favored lyric poetry, for example, often used by ordsworth, Shelley, and Keats to express their inner feelings, away from society while the artist was in repose. In contrast, the previous Classical period of literature favored the use of heroic couplets, as deployed by Alexander Pope to satirize contemporary events with great literary style. Romanticism conceived of the free artist as writing or composing for his…...

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Works Cited

"Romanticism: Introduction to Romanticism." Adapted from A Guide to the Study of Literature: A Companion Text for Core Studies 6, Landmarks of Literature. English Department. Brooklyn College. 2005.  http://academic.brooklyn.cuny.edu/english/melani/cs6/rom.html

Romantic Period, writers shared an appreciation for nature. Capturing the essence of enjoying nature in writing became of utmost importance for these writers as they focused on emotion and imagination to help them create pleasing literature. e can see these characteristics in Percy Shelley's "Ode to the est ind," John Keats' "Ode to a Nightingale," and illiam ordsworth's "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey." These poets capture the essence of the Romantic era because they bring attention to nature, pointing toward exploration of human emotion. This combination allowed them to raise awareness of the mind through literature and while literature became the vehicle through which they explored.
In "Ode to a Nightingale," the poet uses his imagination as he begins to dwell on the nightingale's song. He experiences powerful emotions as he considers the bird's song and he feels as though he is losing his identity as he…...

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Work Cited

Wordsworth, William. "Lines Composed a Few Miles Above Tintern Abbey." The Norton

Anthology of English Literature. Vol I.M.H. Abrams, ed. New York W.W. Norton

and Company. 1986. Print.

Keats, John. "Ode to a Nightingale." English Romantic Writers. New York: Harcourt Brace

Romantic Era
The Romantic period and the attendant rise of the novel in England as the preeminent literary form saw the emergence of the first truly popular literature, and with it denunciations of the degradation of culture at the hands of frivolous entertainments and occupations. Fretting critics lamented the idea that the fashion for new and exciting works of literature was crowding out more "important" texts, and the fashionability of knowledge was met not with excitement at the prospect of a public hungry for education, but rather concern based on the belief that a little bit of knowledge was more dangerous than none at all (Revolutions in Romantic Literature 104). Even a cursory survey of the last three hundred years shows that this kind of response has greeted the emergence of nearly every new medium, whether it be novels, radio, television, or videogames. hile it might be tempting to simply write…...

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Works Cited

Barbauld, Anna Letitia. "On the Origin and Progress of Novel-Writing." Revolutions in Romantic Literature: An Anthology of Print Culture, 1780-1832. Ed. Paul Keen. Ontario:

Broadview Press, 2004. 119-20. Print.

Brewer, John. "The most polite age and the most vicious': Attitudes towards culture as a commodity, 1660-1800." The Consumption of Culture, 1600-1800: Image, Object, Text.

Ed. Ann Bermingham and Ed. John Brewer. London: Routledge, 1995. 341-61. Print.

British and German Romanticism:
Revolutionary art, counterrevolutionary politics

The Romantic Movement has become part of our cultural consciousness to such a degree that its assumptions regarding the centrality of the individual, its elegiac idealization of the pastoral, and its belief in human spirituality that could not be understood with pure rationality have become associated with the essence of art itself. hile the birth of the Romantic movement is associated with the French Enlightenment philosopher Rousseau's novel, The New Heloisie, Romanticism had a distinct spirit of anti-rationality, mysticism, and belief in the spiritual realm that neo-Classical Enlightenment philosophy lacked, although there was a great deal of cross-pollination between the two ideologies at first. "The Enlightenment believed in the unity of all humanity, in the universal rights of men, and the uniformity, if not the equality of all rational beings" (Cranston 22).

Romanticism was both a reaction to the Enlightenment as well as fueled by…...

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Work Cited

Cranston, Maurice. The Romantic Movement. New York: Wiley-Blackwell, 1994.

The woodwind and brass sections, with instruments parts being produced in factories, were significantly expanded. (Miller) Tchaikovsky's music is exemplary of the Romantic period styles in many ways. "Tchaikovsky's music was marked by its sensuously rhythmic pulse, which enabled him to create the world's greatest ballet music. The music shows a mixture of playful classicism and romantic verve. That he should incorporate such melodies into his symphonies prompted critics to attack." (NPRN) His work included orchestral pieces, ballets, operas, and chamber music. It became popular because the melodies were so beautiful, and the orchestrations were innovative and enjoyable, and the style of his work helped to define what Romantic period music was to be known as. (Daum)
One of the significant historical events that inspired the composers of the Romantic era were the recent wars and many revolutions that were uprising throughout Europe. A lot of Romantic music reflected war…...

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Bibliography

Daum, Gary. "Chapter 14 -- the Romantic Period (1825-1900)." Music: A User's Guide for Beginners. Georgetown Prep Music Department Text Book.

Brown, David. Tchaikovsky Remembered. London: Faber and Faber Ltd.,

Dorak, M. Tevfik. "Romantic (Period) Music." Romantic Period. Music Notes. 31 December 2000.  http://dorakmt.tripod.com/music/romantic.html 

Dorak, M. Tevfik. "Russian Nationalism in Music." Romantic Period. Music Notes. 23 May 2002.  http://members.tripod.com/~dorakmt/music/national.html

Faust believes she is condemned, but a voice from heaven says she is redeemed. She is to die, and Faust flees from her cell and leaves her to her fate.
In this regard, the female is seen as weaker than the male and as more subject to the vicissitudes of existence. Faust and Gretchen have similar ideas in the beginning, and she is destroyed while he continues his pursuit. The way Gretchen is used in this story is complex, for she represents the power of love that is not really recognized as a power by Mephistopheles. It is not powerful enough to divert Faust from his pursuit of knowledge, as it happens, Gretchen is also a gateway of sorts, linking Faust to the wonders of Nature in a way he would have missed on his own. The feminine is associated with Nature as a beneficial force through their love, at…...

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Works Cited

Abrams, M.H., E. Talbot Donaldson, Hallet Smith, Robert M. Adams, Samuel Holt Monk, George H. Ford, and David Daiches. The Norton Anthology of English Literature: Volume 2. New York: W.W. Norton, 1962.

Cuddon, J.A. The Penguin Dictionary of Literary Terms and Literary Theory. New York: Penguin, 1991.

Goethe, Johann Wolfgang von. Faust: Parts I & II (tr. Howard Brenton). London: Hern Books, 1995.

ideological and aesthetic differences between the Romantic and the Enlightenment Period
Perhaps the clearest aesthetic distinction between the Romantic and Enlightenment periods can be found in a comparison and contrast of the poetry of Alexander Pope and William Wordsworth. Alexander Pope, who wrote "The Rape of the Lock," was an Enlightenment Classicist. He wrote in highly formulized couplets, parodying the ancient epic style of Homer, with a rigid, logical format of poetic expression. His style is opposed to the looser, more personal and reflective style of the early Romantic poet William Wordsworth. Thus, the distinctions between Romanticism and the Enlightenment may be categorized as follows:

Distinction 1: Art vs. nature

The earlier Enlightenment period valued the aesthetic of artifice and the self-consciously artificial style of constructed rhymes and poetic and artistic systems of rigid, logical expression. Nature was approached as something to be tamed, not apprehended with delight. Romanticism stressed the spontaneous,…...

Essay Topic Examples
1. The Role of Nature in the American Renaissance Romantic eriod:
    Explore how nature is characterized and glorified in the works of American Renaissance Romantic writers. Discuss the symbolic and thematic significance of the natural world in the context of societal progress and the individual's spiritual journey.

2. Transcendentalism and Its Influence on American Romantic Literature:
    Analyze the philosophical movement of Transcendentalism and its impact on the literature of the American Renaissance Romantic period. Examine how transcendentalist ideas of self-reliance and intuition are reflected in the period's literary outputs.

3. Evolving erspectives on Individualism in American Romantic Literature:
    Discuss how the concept of individualism manifests in the works of American Romantic authors. Compare and contrast different authors' views on self-identity, personal freedom, and their critique of conformity.

4. The Intersection of Romanticism and Gothicism in American Renaissance Literature:
    Evaluate how American Renaissance writers blended Romantic and Gothic elements to create unique narratives exploring human psychology,…...

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Primary Sources

Emerson, Ralph Waldo. \"Nature.\" Boston: James Munroe and Company, 1836.

Thoreau, Henry David. \"Walden; or, Life in the Woods.\" Boston: Ticknor and Fields, 1854.

Hawthorne, Nathaniel. \"The Scarlet Letter.\" Boston: Ticknor, Reed & Fields, 1850.

Poe, Edgar Allan. \"The Raven and Other Poems.\" New York: Wiley and Putnam, 1845.

Whitman, Walt. \"Leaves of Grass.\" Brooklyn, NY: Walt Whitman, 1855.

The work expresses with clear honesty the need to express, reality and pain, in ordworthian values. The expression of the work is poignant and clear, as the washerwoman goes through the process of noticing nature, as a guide for time rather than as something she is able to explore at leisure. The woman and the poet explored leisure, in only those available times when she was not otherwise needed for work. There is a clear sense that even in the poet's golden years her sentiments changed little as she so effectively expressed the condition of her life, through the clear and present reality of necessity, better than many of her time. The romantic poet was given license to express pain, through individual self-expression, and this working class woman was not only not an exception but probably even more committed to the ideals of the period than many of the…...

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Works Cited

Harvey, a.D. "Working-Class Poets and Self-Education." Contemporary Review May 1999: 252.

Lonsdale, Roger, ed. Eighteenth-Century Women Poets: An Oxford Anthology. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.

Read, Herbert. The True Voice of Feeling: Studies in English Romantic Poetry. New York: Patheon Books, 1953.

Sherwood, Margaret. Undercurrents of Influence in English Romantic Poetry. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 1934.

omantic era began in the late eighteenth century as a reaction against the Age of Enlightenment and was a period of great change and emancipation. The movement started as an artistic and intellectual reaction against aristocratic social and political norms of the Enlightenment and against the scientific rationalization of nature. During the Enlightenment literature and art were primarily created for the elite, upper classes and educated, and the language incorporated in these works was highly poetic, completely different from that spoken by the masses. Artists of the omantic era accessed the ballads and folklore that was familiar to commoners, rather than from the literary works popular with the aristocracy. This shift in emphasis was most strongly manifested in the visual arts, music, and literature. This was the beginning of a period of artistic freedom, experimentation, and creativity. The movement stressed strong emotion, imagination, freedom from classical correctness in art…...

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References

Constable, J. (1821). The hay wain. [Painting] The national gallery. Retrieved January 6, 2012, from  http://www.nationalgallery.org.uk/paintings/john-constable-the-hay-wain 

Kartha, Deepa. (2010). Romanticism: Chariteristics of romanticism. Buzzle.com. Retrieved January 6, 2012, from  http://www.buzzle.com/articles/romanticism-characteristics-of-romanticism.html 

Nourrit, A. (1832). La Sylphide. Ballet encyclopedia. Retrieved January 6, 2012, from  http://www.the-ballet.com/sylphide.php 

Shelley, P.B. (1820). The Question. About. Com A Today. USATODAY.com. Retrieved January 6, 2012, from  http://classiclit.about.com/library/bl-etexts/pshelley/bl-pshel-question.htm

This film depicts the life of a woman who has not lived up to her cultural expectations and by the time she is thirty, she realizes that she is getting too old to find love. She then meets a man whom she falls in love with, but the problem lies in his not being from her same ethnic and cultural background. This creates turmoil among her extremely traditional family. Her father refuses to accept her new fiance, but insisting that she is in love, she gets her family to accept a non-Greek individual into their family. Unlike It Happened One Night (1934), My Big Fat Greek Wedding (2002) shows how culture influences love in our civilization.
The relationship between these two individuals, demonstrates how much love means in our society. The underlying concern in this case is how two different cultures could unite to form a mutual one where everyone…...

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References:

My Big Fat Greek Wedding. Dir. Joel Zwick. Perf. Nia Vardalos and John Corbett.

Gold Circle Film, 2002. Film.

It Happened One Night. Dir. Frank Capra. Perf. Clark Gable and Claudette

Colbert. Columbia Pictures, 1934. Film.

Romantic and Modern Design Styles
Comparing the Ornate and the Natural: A Study of Two Theories of Design

History often dictates societal mentality more so than current climate, yet in times of peace, it seems that the beautiful and the artful flourish. This very concept is debatable, especially in interior design, where the fashions of the time very often have a much-felt impact upon design theories and the way in which they are carried out. Yet it is in history that one finds inspiration, or the contradiction thereof. For instance, during the mid to late 19th century, it was against history that romanticism was born. Yet in the early 20th century, immediately following this period of romanticism, it was out of a societal need for simplicity prior to the two Great ars that a more natural aesthetic was born, expressed so perfectly by the architect Frank Lloyd right. The following paragraphs will…...

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Works Cited:

1. Customer Notes -- Provided by Customer from Academic Notes and Books

2. Britannica Encyclopedia, (2012). Interior Design: The Romantic Movement and the Battle of the Styles. Retrieved from,  http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/290278/interior-design/74226/The-Romantic-movement-and-the-battle-of-the-styles-1835-1925 

3. Frank Lloyd Wright Foundation, (2012). Wright's Life and Work. Retrieved from,  http://www.franklloydwright.org/web/Home.html 

4. Pile, J. (1997). Color in Interior Design. McGraw-Hill: New York.