Security Essays (Examples)

Security Policy Document: Global Distributions, Inc.
The purpose of this document is to establish key security parameters and guidelines for Global Distributions, Inc. (GDI) in order to protect the interests of the company and its clients.

Scope

These policies apply to all operations managed by GDI, including interactions and interfaces with client companies that are managed by GDI. All communication networks, database systems, and servers full under the purview of this policy.

Policies

Definition of Sensitive Information

All information that could identify a client of GDI, monetary values of client goods or contracts, physical addresses of client goods or business locations, physical addresses of GDI company locations, any details of client-specific services rendered by GDI to clients, and any personally identifying information for any client or GDI personnel shall be considered sensitive information and treated as such. This designation applies to this policy document and to other documents, guidelines, and directives issued by GDI as they…

Organizational security strategies must be designed for agility and speed through the use of state-of-the-art systems that can quickly be reconfigured to match changing roles in an organization. Organizational security will be defined through role-based access, configurable through authenticated, clearly delineated processes that can be administered at the administrator level (Hone, Eloff, 2002).
The organizational security strategy will also be designed on the empirically validated Confidential, Integrity and Availability (CIA) triad model that successfully balances the need for data accuracy, security and access. Metrics and analytics will also be used for tracking the effectiveness of this strategy, as CIA-based implementations can be quantified from a reconciliation network performance standpoint (Gymnopoulos, Tsoumas, Soupionis, et. al., 2005).

Access Control and Cryptography Security

The it security policy will require the use of a proxy server-based approach to defining access control, authentication and cryptography. As there are a myriad of new technologies being released in this…

Security in Cloud Computing
Security issues associated with the cloud

Cloud Security Controls

Deterrent Controls

Preventative Controls

Corrective Controls

Detective Controls

Dimensions of cloud security

Security and privacy

Compliance

Business continuity and data recovery

Logs and audit trails

Legal and contractual issues

Public records

The identified shortcomings in the cloud computing services and established opportunities for growth regarding security aspects are discussed in the current research. The security of services is regarded as the first obstacle. The opportunity for growth is provided as combination of multiple service providing resources and mechanism to mitigate the effect of vulnerability. The research further elaborates the dimensions of security in a shared resources and strategically locating computing resources at multiple locations similar to cloud computing. Furthermore the legal and regulatory issues are also addressed in detail. Improvement in security of the services is also a responsibility of the cloud services users and enterprises deciding to store data. The service providers can establish storage in multiple locations, using different…

Security for Networks With Internet Access
The continual process of enterprise risk management (EM) has become an integral component of successful organizational assessment, because the process of accurately identifying various risk factors, and interpreting their potential advantages and disadvantages, ensures that a business remains capable of anticipating and addressing internal and external contingencies. The following EM implementation plan for the security of internet-accessible networks is intended to provide a navigable framework for the development of a comprehensive EM standard, including procedures to guide internal auditing and the construction of a capable and contemporary cyber law policy. Within the organizational structure of any complex enterprise, such as a small software development business, the continual exchange of data necessary to facilitate operational efficiency allows for the presence of clearly identifiable risk factors, including hazard risks, financial risks, operational risks, and strategic risks. The purpose of any EM plan is to assess the various…

Security Monitoring Strategies
Creating a unified, enterprise-wide security monitoring strategy for any organization must be based on a series of strategic goals and objectives that encompass every functional area and system of a business. The intent of this analysis is to define the objectives that must anchor a security monitoring strategy to ensure its success, followed by specific recommendations for security monitoring of each major functional area.

Defining Security Monitoring Strategies

For an enterprise-wide security management strategy to be successful, the monitoring systems and processes must seek to accomplish three key strategic tasks. These tasks include improving situational awareness, proactive risk management and robust crisis and security incident management (Gellis, 2004). With these three objectives as the basis of the security monitoring strategies and recommended courses of action, an organization will be able to withstand security threats and interruptions while attaining its objectives.

Beginning with the internal systems including Accounts Payable, Accounts eceivable, Inventory,…

This is sensitive information that should be securely stored. The records contain confidential information that could be used in identity theft. The records should be securely stored either in soft copy or hard copy. Only authorized personnel should have access to these records. Audit trails should be installed to keep track of the personnel who access the records. The authorized personnel should be analyzed and background checks conducted. Strict measures and policy should be established to protect the information and security records. The center should have data storage systems that are less prone to intruders. The systems should also have intrusion detection systems that prevent and detect any intruders or hackers. Since the systems will be networked the facility should also install firewalls, which will prevent unauthorized network access. Having a username and password combination before a person accesses the system will also promote and improve security of data.
Physical…

Also, it goes without saying that anyone hired in an important position like this one should have a wealth of experience and knowledge pertaining to information technology and information security (Slater, p. 2).
The broad spectrum of activities a CSO must engage in Author Tyler Justin Speed explains that while it security staff can be counted on for the most part to protect stored digital data, unless the chief of security is fully aware of the potential for "internal threats" he or she is missing the boat. In other words, employees with access to server rooms can access databases, computers, routers, monitors and other "physical parts of the network infrastructure" (Speed, 2012). Speed insists that it doesn't matter "…how good the firewall installed at a network's gateway to the Internet is; if a computer's disk drive is not physically protected," a person who is not authorized can upload "malicious software"…

Despite these concerns however the world's largest companies still actively promote and routinely hype the value of cloud computing without mentioning the myriad of risk associated with this platform, despite its continual maturation from a security and stability standpoint [2].
An example of this is type of hype is when Microsoft's Steve Balmer described cloud computing as the next frontier and Dr. Ajei Gopal verified that the cloud is there to alter everything. Joe Tucci, the CEO of EMCCorp described the impact of cloud computing as "We're now going through what I believe is pretty much going to be the biggest wave in the history of information technology." These claims of corporate executives must be balanced against reality and the fact that these platforms require a continual focus on quantifying and validating trust on the one hand [1] and designing the systems to ensure a higher level of content agility…

SECURITY and PRIVACY - the following security and privacy requirements apply: The Office does not accept responsibility for the privacy, confidentiality or security of data or information not generated by this office or transmitted from external sources into the system. The Office does not accept responsibility for loss, corruption, misdirection or delays in transmission of personal data through the system. Users are responsible for the integrity of all data and all incidents that affect security must be reported to System administrator as quickly as possible. Users must protect the system data from all unauthorised access and they are responsible to ensure the system's data is properly backed up against the threat of loss, security threats, environmental hazards, corruption or destruction. No system equipment is allowed to be taken out of the office without proper authorization.

ELECTRONIC MAIL - messages will be kept as short and specific as practicable. Materials that can…

They need to know what their responsibilities are not only as individuals but also as team members and corporate employees. David cites an excerpt from a corporate security document that illustrates his point: "A security policy serves many functions. It is a central document that describes in detail acceptable network activity and penalties for misuse. A security policy also provides a forum for identifying and clarifying security goals and objectives to the organization as a whole. A good security policy shows each employee how he or she is responsible for helping to maintain a secure environment (as cited in David, 2002)."
Therefore it is clear that companies have got to create security policies and educate their employees so that they are fully aware of not only the dangers that surround them but also respond to those dangers in an appropriate manner should any crisis unfold. This study aims at assessing…

It's not necessary, for the purposes of this paper, to look in detail at these steps for a basic understanding of how a security assessment is conducted. To understand the nuances, there are about a million books one can read, but we will discuss a few general "rules."

The first thing to keep in mind with an assessment is that the methodology is flexible. It has to be to adapt to scheduling problems with clients, or availability of resources. As an example, a client could desire a certain timetable for the assessment steps to be accomplished. It may not match your schedule, so...flexibility is paramount.

Second, steps within the methodology can be combined. If it makes things more efficient, then do it.

The third step is crucial -- understanding the business. If there is not a solid comprehension of the business then there is no way to understand the risks.

Fourth, communication with clients…

A security policy is indicated by Harris (2010) to be a set of rules as well as practices that dictates how sensitive information is to be protected, managed as well as distributed while a security model is a mere symbolic representation of the security policy. The following are the security models in use.
Lattice Models

This security model is based on a mathematical construct that is hugely base don the group notion. It has a set of elements, a partial ordering relations and combines both multilateral and multilevel security.It is used for access control and is mainly use din the military (Landwehr,1981,p.253).

Noninterference Models

This is a very a strict multilevel security policy model that is used for ensuring information confidentiality (McLean,1984).

Bell -- LaPadula Confidentiality Model

This is a confidentiality model that is part and parcel of the state machine-based multilevel security policy. It was originally designed for military use.It defined states woth the…

Security
Information is the Power. The importance of collecting, storing, processing and communicating the relevant information presently is viewed as crucial in order to achieve success in almost all the fields be it business firms, individuals or organizations. An integrated set of components assisting collection, store, process and communication of information is termed as information system. Increasing dependence on information systems is noticed in order to excel in the respective fields of operation such as competing in the marketplace, supply services, augmentation of the personal lives etc. New capabilities have been introduced in the field of information systems with the advent of new technology for collection recording and processing of information. Recording and dissemination of information system is considered to have revolutionized with the invention of movable type in 15th century and creation of portable typewriter at the end of 19th century.

The census tabulator of Herman Hollerith, invented to process the…

Security -- Hip Trends Clothing Store
Security Plan Part a -- Overall Description -Business Divided into three areas: Parking Lot, Main Store, Storage and eceiving:

Parking Lot

Approximately 50 car limit

Security Lighting, automatically timed for Dusk -- guarantees that the lot is never dark for clients or employees.

Main Entrance -- two security cameras continually sweeping parking lot; allows for monitoring of potential criminal activity.

Bullet-proof glass infused with titanium threads for window security; inability for rioters to break in or loot.

Main Store

Double closed front gate (metal); security tested.

Security Detection Devices at Door; coded to merchandise.

Continuously moving cameras within store (ceiling mounted)' continuously monitored during open hours, taped during closed hours.

Motion sensor alarm set during off hours.

Security office monitored cameras and two way mirrored glass

Posted signs: "Shoplifters Will Be Prosecuted -- You are being taped"

eceiving Area

Double sided metal door, key coded on delivery door

Security cameras in back room; prevent employee theft or potential danger to…

Again, people find a difference between intrusion by the government and by the private companies.
In U.S., there are very few restrictions on private companies than on the government about collecting data about individuals. This is because activities like buying of books, getting a video, seeing a movie in theatres or eating in restaurants have been viewed as public activities of individuals. These are essentially not bothered with by laws in U.S.. Again, lending organizations are very much interested in the financial information of potential customers, and this data is often shared among the lenders. Again while the restrictions about privacy rights for the government is protected by different laws, the consumers can sign away their rights for the commercial organizations most of the time. This is often signed away in the end user license agreements. (Personal Privacy for Computer Users)

The software companies are very conscious of the trouble that…

Microsoft proposes six steps to enable proper reactive management of security risks which include: protecting safety and life, containing and assessing the damage, determining the cause of and repairing damage, reviewing risk response and updating procedures in the hopes of preventing risk in the future (Microsoft, 2004).

A proactive approach is much more advantageous however as it enables corporations to prevent threats or minimize risks before negative occurrences happen within an organization. A proactive approach requires that organizations first identify what assets they have that need protecting, then determine what damage an attack could have on assets in question, next identify any vulnerabilities that could occur within current securities and finally decide on procedures to minimize the risk of threats and attacks by implementing proper risk management controls and procedures (Microsoft, 2004). In this sense risk management is much like risk "assessment' which allows organization to place value on assets and…

This has been the basic rationale for every totalitarian state during the Twentieth Century. It is the idea that if the people relinquish their rights -- especially their rights to keep anything hidden from the government -- then the government will be better able to ensure that no potential threats to the security of the citizenry ever manifest themselves. This premise, however, is based on the faulty idea that the government will never abuse this power. History has demonstrated otherwise. In fact, the unchecked expansion of government authority into the private lives of individuals will only result in greater abuses against the Constitutional rights of the individual -- all in the name of security for the nation. But security of this kind is impossible to ensure -- the marginal increase in safety will be more than counteracted by the wanton acts of governmental abuse that will be directed toward…

Security Public or Private
Critical Analysis of article "Security:Public or Private Good-Analysis using commercial satellite"

Produced water treatment and re-injection in oil reservoir for Zubair field

The Origin of Produced Water

The Produced Water Composition

Produced Water Impact on The Environment

Produced Water Management and International Agreements

Critical Analysis of article "Security: Public or Private Good-Analysis using commercial satellite"

Issue been Addressed

The article "Security: Public or Private Good-Analysis using commercial satellite" addresses the issue of security and how with the emergence of commercial satellite the security has become a private as well as public good. The author is of the view that security in past has been a public good and it was sole responsibility of government but now it has become a common responsibility of government, private or a club where different parties become partners with government and this partnership has implications for market.

Introduction

The introduction of the article is well established. The author introduced the research topic…

Security Issues for a Database System
The biggest questions that any database system must check to ensure the proper operations of the system and the security of data within the system can be understood by following the three guidelines. The first question is to check whether the system administrators themselves are following the guidelines that have been established for the proper operations of the system. The second important question is to ensure the application of the latest patches by all the administrators of the system, This is very important as all the system administrators are not at one place and cannot directly check on each other, and the checks are essential for the security of the system. The final important question is to ensure that all the latest patches are properly tested out before they are used. If this is not done, then instead of solving the present glitches with the…

The bottom line is that remote workers and telecommuting is the new battlefield of corporate IT security. Only by creating a flexible enough series of guidelines that can flex to the needs of workers while staying agile enough to respond to changing threats can organizations hope to stay ahead of the many threats to their information assets.
STEP 3: SECURITY RISK: SIRI

Apple is renowned for their rapid pace of innovation and the continual pursuit of the perfect user experience on their many devices including their best-selling iPhone series. The latest iPhone 4S has added a voice-activated agent called SIRI which can easily complete complex tasks, which has also created a major security threat for its users as well. Industry experts have been able to bypass the security on the new SIRI feature and gain access to confidential data. Being able to gain access to debit and credit card information, Virtual…

Vulnerabilities The client is a three-building corporate campus, with indications that each building is occupied and managed by different tenants. Multiple tenants and multiple structures multiplies security threats because of the varied points of entry and no centralized system of monitoring or patrolling the campus. Security infractions are made even more likely given the fact that the parking area is shared among all buildings, and the fifty visitor spaces are not segregated. Furthermore, loading docks are highly vulnerable to attack or malicious access because they are accessible readily from the parking lot. Being only eight feet above sea level adds the potential for natural disaster like flooding to threaten the integrity of the campus and the safety of its human and physical assets. Layered security is the best way to overcome this vulnerability because of its use of “multiple components to protect operations on multiple levels,” (“Layered Security,” n.d. p. 1).
Assets
The…

IT Security Infrastructure IT Security Infrastructure & Its Importance to Physical Security Planning and Infrastructure
IT security infrastructure requires a varied number of skills and knowledge to understand how it relates to creation of comprehensive security strategy. Information technology is an important part of physical planning. Risks of cybercrime having gone high, it has become important for information to run securely through cloud. Business have moved to it infrastructure to store up data. Encryption of data has heightened safety of data against cyber threats. Keeping IT infrastructure secure is a task that that never ends. To ensure infrastructure security, the software must be up to date. Thinking of the need to keep business infrastructure free from unauthorized access is thinking of taking measures that will ensure top security (Garcia, 2007).
Some of the IT infrastructure; for example data and email encryption, is important for business data security. Data backup has made it possible…

Security Breaching in healthcareHow serious was this e-mail security breach? Why did the Kaiser Permanente leadership react so quickly to mitigate the possible damage done by the breach?Data breaches are regarded as severe violations of privacy and security. For HIPAA violations, the county prosecutor has the right to file legal actions on the representation of the individuals. When they were informed of the breach, the Kaiser Permanente leadership immediately investigated and apologized to those affected. Kaiser Permanente's leadership reacted quickly because the company could face criminal charges and civil lawsuits. The management formed a team to analyze the root cause and start a mitigation process. Later the Organization should notify its members. Consumers who a compromise of safeguarded PHI has impacted must be informed within sixty days of the breach's detection (Wager, Lee &Glaser, 2017). The notification is also reported to the Secretary of HHS on an annual basis. Later,…

1. Introduction To prevent loss is one of the primary goals of the security system of a retail store. There are various tools, equipment, applications, and strategies that are used for retail security. However, this paper adopts a simple yet innovative approach towards preventing loss in the three identified auto stores – integration. Integration is an approach that seeks to improve the effectiveness of each specific loss prevention technology by thoughtfully assimilating all into a singular-working system. Integration allows all the security system to work as a unit thus enhancing their power and streamlining their security (Greggo & Kresevich, 2016). This paper is written from a perspective of a Security Director for the three auto spare parts stores and it will present a discussion on how the various security measures presented above will be put together with the primary objective of preventing vices that contribute to losses. The discussion will cover…

Preparing for a Speech before a Security Professional Introduction
ASIS International consists of worldwide conglomeration of experts in safety and security matters who all have the responsibility to ensure that any resource under their jurisdiction is safeguarded, be it human beings, facilities as well as sets of data. ASIS International came into existence in 1955 and all the stakeholders are proficient to serve in all types of industries ranging from state-controlled enterprises, individually owned enterprises as well as enterprises of different scopes. ASIS takes into account the importance of workplace diversity and globalization.
This is seen in the occupants of different positions such as junior administrators, Chief Security Officer, Chief Executive Officer, retirees in the security sector, security experts offering professional advice as well as anyone who is on the road to career change who are all diversified. Annually, ASIS International is involved in hosting the 4-day ASIS International Seminar and Exhibits in…

(Gartenberg, 2005)
Like all other aspects of business today, security systems often prove to be highly complex and hard (even for the participants) to identify.

The culture of an organization is like the culture of a family, a community, or a nation: Because it surrounds the people in it they often have a great deal of difficulty in recognizing to what extent policies and procedures arise from the constraints of culture and what therefore can be relatively easily changed. Matz (2010) summarizes the ways in which organizational culture both supports an organization and can blind the individuals in it to ways in which their actions may no longer be as effective as they once were:

… the essence of organisational cultures consists of a set of 'unspoken rules' that exist without conscious knowledge of the members of the organisation. Over time the invisibility of the attributes at the deepest level of the…

Security management 1. In a civil action, how can a claim of negligent hiring have a greater chance of succeeding?
Jurisdictions have been increasingly putting laws in place pertaining to what makes organizations a potential target for a lawsuit on negligent hiring. Though in most instances, claims of negligent hiring may be effectively fended off, it proves increasingly tricky in the following cases:
· If the individual harming or injuring another is an employee of the company.
· If the employee is found guilty of harming, injuring or doing any damage to the complainant.
· If the organization was aware of, or ought to have been aware of, the employee’s tendency to inflict harm or injury.
· If the organization was inattentive when hiring the individual and failed to carry out a proper background check which could have identified the individual’s tendency to cause harm to clients or colleagues (McCrie, 57-60).
2. What is the risk to security…

Security eport
In the present day, organizations are reliant on information in order to continue being relevant and not become obsolete. To be specific, organizations are reliant on the controls and systems that have been instituted in place, which provide the continuing privacy, veracity, and accessibility of their data and information (Lomprey, 2008). There is an increase and rise in threats to information contained within organizations and information systems (Lomprey, 2008). There is also a rise in the intricacy of such systems and information, which places emphasis on the importance for organizations to understand and gain an understanding of how to better safeguard their information as well as information systems. As stated by Briggs (2005), globalization has instigated the world to become a global village. This, in turn, has increased the level of complexity and intricacy of the information security aspect of the organizations across the world. There is greater need…

To offer an information security awareness training curriculum framework to promote consistency across government (15).

Security awareness is needed to ensure the overall security of the information infrastructure. Security awareness programs is the can help organizations communicate their security information policies, as well as tips for users, to help keep systems secure, and the practices the entire organization should be utilizing. However, as Kolb and Abdullah reiterate, "security awareness is not about training but rather designed to change employee behavior" (105).

A program concerning security awareness should work in conjunction with the information technology software and hardware JCS utilizes. In this way, it mitigates the risks and threats to the organization. Security awareness is a defensive layer to the information system's overall security structure. Although not a training program, per se, security awareness does provide education to the end users at JCS, regarding the information security threats the organization faces, and the…

Security Manager Leadership
Analysis & Assessment of Main Management Skills of Security Managers

The role of security managers and their progression to Chief Information Security Officers (CISO) in their careers is often delineated by a very broad base of experiences, expertise, skills and the continual development of management and leadership skills. The intent of this analysis and assessment is to define the most critically important management skills for security managers, including those most critical to their setting a solid foundation for attaining a senior management as a CISO in an enterprise (Whitten, 2008). What most differentiates those who progress in their careers as security managers to CISOs is the ability to interpret situations, conditions, relative levels of risk while continually learning new techniques, technologies and concepts pertaining to security and leadership. Those that attain CISO roles progress beyond management and become transformational leaders of the professionals in their department. It is the…

Many states, such as Virginia, are training private security officers in order to ensure smooth cooperation and coordination between security companies without police powers and the police and sheriff's departments. In Washington D.C., the municipal police department requires private security officers to be licensed as "special police" officers in order to legally search or arrest people. Cooperation can reach significant proportions, as in the case of the Minneapolis Police Department's "SafeZone" program, which place private security officers downtown who now outnumber Minneapolis Police Department officers there 13 to 1.
4. Industries and organizations that use special and/or commissioned officers and for what purposes

a. There is a truly broad range of industries and organizations which use special police officers. These organizations tend to have significant financial resources, large premises, and sensitive security needs which they believe cannot be met by the existing public police force. These often involve the need to…

The same does apply to security metrics such that these metrics establish the performance within the organization and the effectiveness of the organization's security.
The purpose of Risk Analysis is to spot and find security risks in the current framework and to resolve the risk exposure identified by the risk analysis. The type of security risk assessment for an organization is a function of a number of available assessments. However, the most important security protocol is to protect the organizations assets. Therefore, the most important security risk assessment for this purpose is the penetration testing proceeded by the vulnerability scan (Landoll, 2006). Protection of assets is of primary concern. Assets include both physical and non-physical assets. Non-physical assets are defined as assets that are not tangible. The Security Audit is indeed imperative, as is the Ad Hoc testing and Social Engineering test.

Annotated ibliography

Campbell, G. (2010, What's state-of-the-art in security metrics?…

Security Plan: Pixel Inc.
About Pixel Inc.

We are a 100-person strong business dedicated to the production of media, most specifically short animations, for advertising clients worldwide. Our personnel include marketing specialists, visual designers, video editors, and other creative staff.

This security plan encompasses the general and pragmatic characteristics of the security risks expected for our business and the specific actions that aim to, first and foremost, minimize such risks, and, if that's not possible, mitigate any damage should a breach in security happen.

Scope

The measures to be taken and the assigned responsibilities stated in this document apply to all the departments that make up the company. Exemptions can be given but will be only under the prerogative of the CEO under the consultation of the Chief Security Officer that will be formally assigned after the finalization of this document. Otherwise, there will be no exception to the security measures stated in this document.

Section…

This researcher rejects the existence of online communities because computer mediated group discussions cannot possibly meet this definition. Weinreich's view is that anyone with even a basic knowledge of sociology understands that information exchange in no way constitutes a community.
For a cyber-place with an associated computer mediated group to be labeled as a virtual settlement it is necessary for it to meet a minimum set of conditions. These are: (1) a minimum level of interactivity; (2) a variety of communicators; (3) a minimum level of sustained membership; and (4) a virtual common-public-space where a significant portion of interactive computer mediated groups occur (Weinreich, 1997). The notion of interactivity will be shown to be central to virtual settlements. Further, it will be shown that virtual settlements can be defined as a cyber-place that is symbolically delineated by topic of interest and within which a significant proportion of interrelated interactive computer…

Security Finance & Payback
Security Finance

A strong effective information security program consists of many layers that create a "defense in depth" (Spontak, 2006). The objectives of information security is to make any unauthorized, unwanted access extremely difficult, easily detected, and well documented. Components of strong defense include firewalls, virus filters, intrusion detection, monitoring, and usage policies. Some businesses are missing the business culture, policies and procedures, separation of duties, and security awareness.

The Finance Department is critical to the security of the information system. Financial executives can set the tone, encourage compliance with security policies, and lead by example. Allowing the sharing of passwords puts the information security at risk, especially where financial, employee, and customer information is concerned. When employees are uneducated regarding compliance regulation, the organization can end up in trouble with authorities. Employees should be evaluated on information security measures, not just on customer service measures. Separation of duties…

The U.S. Supreme Court then granted a writ of certiorari to determine the meaning of the language "in connection with the purchase or sale of any security" (Reed, O. Shedd, P. Morehead, J. & Pagnattaro, M. 2008).
What argument did the security dealer make in seeking to have the civil complaint dismissed?

andford's defense in this matter was particularly interesting as he does not deny his involvement in the "simple theft of cash or securities in an investment account" (Reed, O. Shedd, P. Morehead, J. & Pagnattaro, M. 2008). For andford the issue is not that he sold the securities which he contends "were perfectly lawful," rather that the fraudulent activity of "misappropriation of the proceeds is desultory from the actual sale of the securities. If andford's argument is believable then the sales of securities would have been aligned with the investment strategy designed to secure principal and generate income. andford's…

The most appropriate products that could be used by MMC to achieve this objective would be: IP San and a Snap Lock. An IP San is a fiber optic channel that can provide secure real time data to each location. Where, software and security applications can be adapted to the current system that is being used. The Snap Lock is: a security software that can be used to provide an effective way for each location to retrieve, update and change information.
Support for why these procedures and products are the optimal approach for this organization

The reason why these different procedures and products were selected was: to reduce the overall risk exposure of the company's external threats. The current system that is being used by MMC increases risks dramatically, by having a number of different systems, where financial information is stored. If any one of these systems is vulnerable, there is…

This leaves those clients that are inside unsupervised while the guard is outside. There is also a lack of signage inside displaying rules and regulations along with directions. This propagates a lot of unnecessary questions being asked of the surety officer on duty. In order to alleviate these issues it would be essential to place distinct parking signage outside in order to help facilitate clients parking in the correct spaces. It is also necessary to place directional signage within the facility along with general rules and policies. All of these signs together would cost approximately $1,000 to install.
The last security issue that needs to be addressed is that of the security information processes that is in place. As each client arrives at the facility, their license plate numbers are recorded and they are then assigned a number. They are seen by the appropriate medical personnel based upon the order…

eferences

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Privacy and security statement. (2008). Bass Pro-Shops. [Online]. Available: http://www.basspro.com/webapp/wcs/stores/servlet/PageDisplayView?langId=-1&storeId=10151 & cataloged=x&section=MyAccount&pagename=PrivacyPolicySummaryDisplay.

Schlosser, E. (1998). The bomb squad: A visit with the members of a police unit whose work load…

Security on Commercial Flights
Describe two (2) lapses in pre-flight security that contributed to the ease of the hijacking operation on September 11, 2001

Following the terrorist attacks of September 11, 2001, the United States of America evaluated the security of the commercial Airline Industry. Major security lapses gave way for terrorists to board commercial flights, which finally led to the aircrafts' hijacking and demise.

The first lapse that contributed to terrorist attack is President Bill Clinton's ignorance. U.S. administration under the leadership of President Bill Clinton ignored warning signs that Osama bin Laden and al Qaida organization was planning a terrorist attack on United States. Osama Bin Laden claimed responsibility of various attacks on U.S. Militaries deployed in various countries, such as Sudan and Soviet Union aimed at fighting the rising terrorist groups (Oliver, 2006).

The failure of the Intelligence Community is another lapse that contributed to the attack. Security officials allowed the…

S. Department of Energy).
Q3. Discuss the internet of things and its likely consequences for developing an enforceable information assurance (IA) policy and implementing robust security architecture.

The internet of things refers to the inevitable connectedness of all things in all regions of the world through the internet. "The fact that there will be a global system of interconnected computer networks, sensors, actuators, and devices all using the internet protocol holds so much potential to change our lives that it is often referred to as the internet's next generation" (Ferber 2013). Although the internet feels ubiquitous today, the internet of things refers to an even more complete merger of the virtual and the real world. "In many and diverse sectors of the global economy, new web-based business models being hatched for the internet of things are bringing together market players who previously had no business dealings with each other. Through partnerships and…

" (Harman, Flite, and ond, 2012) the key to the preservation of confidentiality is "making sure that only authorized individuals have access to that information. The process of controlling access -- limiting who can see what -- begins with authorizing users." (Harman, Flite, and ond, 2012) Employers are held accountable under the HIPAA Privacy and Security Rules for their employee's actions. The federal agency that holds responsibility for the development of information security guidelines is the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST). NIST further defines information security as "the preservation of data confidentiality, integrity, availability" stated to be commonly referred to as "the CIA triad." (Harman, Flite, and ond, 2012)
III. Risk Reduction Strategies

Strategies for addressing barriers and overcoming these barriers are inclusive of keeping clear communication at all organizational levels throughout the process and acknowledging the impact of the organization's culture as well as capitalizing on all the organizational…

If not, what other recommendations would you make to Harold? Explain your reasons for each of recommendations.
No, the actions that were taken by Harold are not adequate. The reason why, is because he has created an initial foundation for protecting sensitive information. However, over the course of time the nature of the threat will change. This could have an impact on his business, as these procedures will become ineffective. Once this occurs, it means that it is only a matter of time until Harold will see an increase in the number of cyber attacks. At first, these procedures will help to prevent hackers from accessing the company's files. Then, as time goes by they will be able to overcome his defenses. This increases the chances that he will see some kind of major disruptions because of these issues. ("Security Policies," n.d, pp. 281 -- 302) ("Computer-ased Espionage," n.d, pp.…

A system possesses authenticity when the information retrieved is what is expected by the user -- and that the user is correctly identified and cannot conceal his or her identity. Methods to ensure authenticity include having user names and secure passwords, and even digital certificates and keys that must be used to access the system and to prove that users 'are who they say they are.' Some highly secure workplaces may even use biological 'markings' like fingerprint readers (Introduction, 2011, IBM).

Accountability means that the source of the information is not anonymous and can be traced. A user should not be able to falsify his or her UL address or email address, given the requirements of the system. "Non-repudiation is a property achieved through cryptographic methods which prevents an individual or entity from denying having performed a particular action related to data... Through the use of security-related mechanisms, producers and consumers…

Security Standards & Least Privilege
Security Standards and Legislative Mandates

Industries are required by law to follow regulations to protect the privacy of information, do risk assessments, and set policies for internal control measures. Among these polices are: SOX, HIPAA, PCI DSS, and GLA. Each of these regulations implements internal control of personal information for different industries. Where GLA is for the way information is shared, all of them are for the safeguard of sensitive personal information.

Sarbanes-Oxley Act of 2002 (SOX) created new standards for corporate accountability in reporting responsibilities, accuracy of financial statements, interaction with auditors, and internal controls and procedures (Sarbanes-Oxley Essential Information). When audits are done to verify the validity of the financial statements, auditors must also verify the adequacy of the internal control and procedures. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is designed to protect personal health information held by covered entities and gives patients' rights…

Security Privacy
In health care, the protection of confidential patient information is an important key in to addressing critical issues and safeguarding the privacy of the individual. To provide more guidance are federal guidelines such as: the Health Care Insurance Affordability and Accountability Act (HIPPA). On the surface, all facilities are supposed to have procedures in place for discarding these kinds of materials. ("Summary of HIPPA Privacy ule," 2102)

In the case of St. John's Hospital, they have become known for establishing practices of innovation (which go above and beyond traditional safety standards). Yet, at the same time, there are no critical internal controls governing how this information is thrown away. What most executives are concentrating on: is meeting these objectives from an external stakeholder perspective.

This is creating problems inside the facility, as the custodial staff able to go through the garbage and read this information. The reason why, is HIPPA procedures…

Security
Uncertainty in regards to individual activities within a large student population is always a cause for concern. It is difficult to govern or even deter the questionable activities of a predominately young student population. This problem is exacerbated due to the rebellious nature of young students in regards to politics, social interactions, student programing and more. Public news often comes from universities with questionable activities such as fraternity hazing, supporting controversial leaders, and more. This behavior is what makes a university campus and atmosphere so unique relative to other educational venues. The university can foster these activities while being sensitive to others personal beliefs. Unforeseen circumstances are common place however on university campuses with such unique activities, beliefs, and behaviors. The magnitude and scope of these incidents often varies. As such, proper training is essential in alleviating the concerns garnered by unforeseen circumstances (Bruce, 2009).

To begin, it is very important…

Security and Baseline Anomalies
Base lining is the performance of measuring and evaluation the presentation of a network in instantaneous situations. Provision of a network baseline calls for quizzing and reporting of physical connectivity, throughout the range of network usage. Such in-detailed network scrutiny is required in identifying problems associated with speed, accessibility, and finding vulnerabilities within the network. Predefined security settings are put in place to manage large security networks. These settings can be applied on a number of similar computers in a network. Settings and templates helps to reduce the occurrence of errors and omissions and this also helps in securing the servers.

How to obtain a baseline system

A baseline system of network behavior can be obtained through sub-netting a network. This entails dividing a network into smaller networks through a series of routers. Routers help to improve the security of the sub-nets by regulating the users within the network…

This is because it was not officially ratified by the U.S. Senate. The reason why, was due to the underlying fears of the damage that it could cause to the economy. This would create the atmosphere that various provisions were unfair for the U.S., leading to its eventual withdrawal from Kyoto. (U.S. Withdraws from Kyoto Protocol 2001) When such a large country will no longer follow these different provisions, it creates an atmosphere of voluntary compliance. At which point, the other signatories will not follow the different provision of the treaty as strictly. Once this takes place, it means that any kind of efforts to address the problem is the equivalent of having no agreement at all. This will cause the various environmental issues to become worse, as the constant finger pointing and debate are only creating more problems. Evidence of this can be by looking at the total…

Mohr, and Webb 45)

The change includes increased consumer awareness of the corporate social responsibility (CSR) of a company to companies seeking to make such commitments to CSR marketable to the public. Companies are taking note that their CSR behaviors are important to investors in both mutual and individual investment funds, not to mention direct sales of products manufactured by the company.

This change is a significant one, and is growing in popularity, expanding to include the development of brokers an firms who specialize in different types of socially responsible business investment. Those who have a particular interest in social issues, such as fair employment or local manufacturing and employment can seek out such a broker. While those who are more about environmental issues can seek out a broker who specializes in finding companies that work within the goals of developing sustainable environmental business practices, energy efficiency, the use of alternative energy…

However, this still relatively young application of internet technology does come with a wide array of security concerns that highlight the ethical and legal responsibilities facing these handlers of sensitive information.
ith identify theft and hacking of open source network activities real threats in the internet age, it is increasingly important for online shoppers bankers to be aware of the risks and for online financial institutions to be armed to protect against them.

For the banking industry, which has gone to considerable lengths to continually upgrade security measures, this presents a demand which is simultaneously economic and ethical. Indeed, the transition of users from traditional to online banking methods will be a shift "resulting in considerable savings in operating costs for banks." (Sathye, 325) This highlights the nature of it risks for all companies, which must balance security concerns with the financial optimization often associated with such change.

Online banking, bill paying…

(%) Cross Site Scripting (XSS) errors -- by far the most common strategy hackers use to gain access to the source code of websites and the databases supporting them is to use a technique called cross-site scripting (Brodkin, 2007). Actively monitoring the percentage of XSS errors over time can determine patterns of when hackers attempt to gain access to a website's source code, database links, pricing and e-commerce systems. This is one of the most often used metrics in security dashboards used for monitoring Web-based applications and multisite installations.

(%) Incidence and Trending of Buffer Overflow Injection Flaws -- This is most commonly associated with attempts to gain access to SQL databases supporting a website by forcing a buffer overflow condition (Brodkin, 2007). This is one of the most effective hacking strategies there are as it forces a system to fail and allow access.

(%) Authentication Soft and Hard Errors -- the…

The foundation of the current private security systems may be credited to Alan Pinkerton. Born in Glasgow in 1819 Pinkerton worked for a sort time as the Cook County Deputy Sherriff before in 1849 being the first detective appointed in the Chicago Police department (Dempsey, 2010). Pinkerton also went on to investigate mail thefts as a special U.S. mail agent in 1850 (Dempsey, 2010). t was in the early 1850's that in partnership with Edward Rucker he started up his on private detective agency, located in the North-West of the country (Dempsey, 2010). After only a year his partner left, at which time the firm was renamed the Pinkerton National Detective Agency, with the tag line 'the eye that never sleeps' (Dempsey, 2010). t was this slogan which led to the term 'private eye' to refer to private investigators (Dempsey, 2010; Burstein, 1999). The agency was highly successful and became…

In fact, some large campuses with enrollments exceeding 30,000 have crime problems comparable to small cities (Smith, 1995; Griffith et al., 2004; pg 150)."
Additionally there has also been an enlargement in the diversity that exist on college campuses as it relates to race, gender, ethnicity, religious affiliation, age, and sexual orientation (Griffith et al., 2004). As such there is an increased need for campus police and administrators to understand the unique challenges that face all of these communities.

In addition, campus police also have the additional challenge of having to deal with an increased number of students that suffer from psychological problems. Campus security must be able to deal with these issues in a timely and efficient manner if college campuses are to be safe.

Conclusion

It is apparent that the size and the openness of American College campuses make them very difficult to secure. Problems with securing college campuses also arise…

Security Countermeasures
For any event, effective countermeasures are an important part of enhancing safety. Those who take these factors into account, will ensure that everyone is protected and the chances of having any kind of incidents are decreased. To fully understand how these objectives are achieved requires focusing on public safety, transportation and issues for the celebrity. This will be accomplished by examining various agencies to be worked with, areas of responsibility and coordination. Together, these areas will improve the ability of stakeholders to deal with a number of challenges. (Fisher, 2000) (Walton, 2011)

With what agencies are you going to work?

The various agencies involve working with numerous levels of government. The most notable include: local, state and federal agencies. Each one of them can offer specific insights, that will deal with key problems and mitigate the probabilities of unfortunate incidents occurring. This is achieved by working with private organizations in the…

Security: Mobile Protection As the Internet has become the dominant means of communicating, sharing information, tending to business, storing data, and maintaining records in the Digital Age, the importance of security for the digital world has become more and more realized (Zhang et al., 2017). Not only do companies have to invest in digital security in order to safeguard against threats and risks such as hacking or malware, but individuals also have to be cognizant of the threats to their personal information and property now that all things are online. This is particularly important for people to consider given that so many individuals today carry around pocket computers in the form of a mobile phone—an iPhone, a smart phone, a tablet, an iPad—all of these devices require mobile protection as they can link up to and connect to the Internet wherever one goes (so long as one is within range of…

Security Sector eform
Overview of the relevant arguments regarding Security Sector reform

The objective of security sector reform has to take care of the threats to the security of the state and the safety of its citizens. These arise often from the situation within the state and military responses may not be suitable. This leads on to an analysis of the government. The second article talks in a wider, more theoretical and less action oriented tone. It says that "existing constitutional frameworks have been used to maintain status quo than promote change." This much is certainly true and it is true not only of the countries with a security problem, but also of even United States wherein recently a justice of the Supreme Court was appointed, though she had no experience of being a judge, but she was a friend of the Chief Executive of the country. There are and will always…

Even though there is always some form of a risk involved in the coding technique together with the deployment methods of a website, some technologies such as PHP and MySQL form some of the worst aggravators of online website security. The loopholes that exists in the use of these technologies results in some of the worst hack attacks and security breaches ever experienced in the field of web design. The internet is bustling with a lot of activities. Some of the activities that are officiated over the internet are very sensitive due to both the nature of the information exchanged or even the information stored in the database.

It is paramount that websites be provided with secure and personalized databases. One inevitable fact however is that once a site is deployed on the internet, it becomes a resource to be accessed by everyone as postulated by Kabir

Secure website development is of…

Security Audit for FX Hospital EH/EM Systems
The study carries out the security audits for the FX Hospital EH/EM information systems to identify the vulnerabilities in the systems. The study uses the BackTrack as an auditing tool to penetrate the website, and outcomes of the auditing reveal that the website is not secure and can be subject to different vulnerabilities. After carrying out the auditing, the study is able to collect as much patients' data as possible revealing the website can be subject to vulnerable attacks. One of the vulnerabilities identified is that the website UL starts from HTTP showing that an attacker can easily break into the website and collect sensitive information. Moreover, all the data in the website are not encrypted making them easy for an attacker to collect patients' data.

By consequence, the FX Hospital can face lawsuits for failing to protect patients' data because if patients' data are…

"Yet earnings estimates have acquired a life of their own and often generate more attention from the media and analysts than a company's actual financial results." (Whalen, 2003).
More conservative critics of analyst conflicts rules believe that they are a step in the right direction, but view them as a work in progress. For example, the Sarbanes-Oxley bill, which mandated many improvements in corporate managers' financial practices, did nothing to reduce the unethical practice by many managers of communicating only with those analysts who cooperate with management's forecasts of the future (oni and Womack). This and other rules need strengthening.

Wall Street Journal reported in April 2003 that the brokerage firms of the top investment banks are still more likely to give optimistic research recommendations to their own banking clients, calling to question if new disclosure rules reapply protect investor clients (oni and Womack). With all the hoopla to protect investors,…