Wrongful arrest due to seizure activity in public is a not uncommon complication for individuals with epilepsy and other seizure disorders, not caused by illicit behaviors. There are "2.3 million Americans living with epilepsy," (Guiden, 2003) all of whom at some time have experienced challenges associated with their disease and many of whom have been the victims of wrongful arrest and incarceration.
Yet, it seems that lack of awareness of the signs symptoms and the variety and degree of seizure activity can be the source of arrest and incarceration, that would coincide with those arrests made for such occurrences as drunken disorderly conduct or drug induced dementia. This work will address the problem of wrongful arrests for seizure-related behavior in public, the degree of the problem and some possible solutions to the problem.
In general peoples with seizure disorders have nearly always had to deal with concerns and conflicts associated with seizure…...
Criminal Investigation: Article Reviews
Eligon, J. (2011). Police sergeant to get jail term for perjury and illegal searches. The New York Times. Retrieved from: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/28/nyregion/nyc-police- sergeant-admits-illegal-searches-and-perjury.html
This article highlights the problem of officers conducting illegal searches when they strongly suspect a suspect is guilty, even though they have no legally valid form of probable cause or a warrant to conduct such a search. These types of egregious actions are a source of mistrust and friction between members of the police force and the public. The officer’s lawyer, in an appeal for clemency, stated that the offending officer never arrested anyone who had not committed a crime after he had conducted further investigation and found incriminating evidence. Still, the officer’s actions call into question the constitutional protections accorded to suspects and the fact that the officer was able to get away with his actions for so long demonstrates the difficulty of contesting the…...
3) the method by which the search was conducted was outside of the directives that had been given by the school with regard to searching book bags and purses and using wands for students' bodies.
The fourth ranked issues were the fact that the substance in the pipe turned out to be cocaine. If the search is deemed illegal then we will have to accept a paraphernalia charge and argue against the possession of drugs charged with the argument that the pipe should not have been tested as it was gained as poisoned fruit.
When we prepare the defense we need to concentrate on the first issue which is the search itself.
Again, using the case of TLO v NJ the court found that the search of the student purse was unreasonable and a violation of the fourth amendment because the student had a cigarette in her hand, there was no need to…...
Fourth Amendment
For all Americans, the Fourth Amendment is an essential element of the U.S. Constitution that protects everyone's rights. This has influenced the way that the criminal justice system is interacting with defendants and the tactics that are utilized by law enforcement when conducting investigations. To fully understand how this is impacting society and legal proceedings requires studying various sources. This will be accomplished using academic information (i.e. books, case law and journal articles) to highlight the issues. In the future, this paper will contribute to a greater understanding as to how it requires maintaining a balance in protecting individual rights and giving the government effective tools for enforcing the law. (McInnis, 2009) (Lively, 1999)
Body
The Fourth Amendment is designed to provide Americans with protections against unreasonable search and seizure. It has several different provisions that have been subject to various legal interpretations to include: the use of warrants, probable cause,…...
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References
Alvarez, A. (2010). A Reasonable Search for Constitutional Protection. UC Davis Law Review, 44, 363-371
American Government Politics. Discussed is the fourth amendment and the current policies of searches and seizures. Four sources used. Footnotes.
Fourth Amendment
Americans hold very dear the Bill of Rights. Among the ten amendments that make up the Bill of Rights is the Fourth, one many refer to as the most ambiguous of the all the amendments. Search and seizure law is drawn from the Fourth and over the years the Supreme Court has come to view that its main purpose is the protection of a citizen's property and privacy. However, according to the conclusion of the Court, the Fourth Amendment does not "protect all property interests or apply to all situations where people might wish to protect their privacy." Perhaps, never has this amendment felt more threatened than today. The attacks on the orld Trade Center on September 11th, spurred the hite House Administration to create the office of Homeland…...
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Works Cited
Civil Rights Reduced." Denver Rocky Mountain News. April 28, 2001.
McWhirter, Darien A. Search, Seizure, and Privacy: Exploring the Constitution.
Greenwood Publishing Group. October 1994.
Rosen, Jeffrey. " Liberty Wins - So Far; Bush Runs Into Checks and Balances in Demanding New Powers." The Washington Post. September 15, 2002.
Fourth Amendment
It is a traditional belief in America that a man's home is his castle, meaning that he is lord and master of his home and no one may enter, not even the government, without his permission. This was such an important issue among the American colonists that it was included into the Constitution when they broke away from Great Britain. In short, the fourth amendment states that no private property could be searched or seized without a proper warrant; and a warrant could not be issued without due cause. Over time belief in this absolute principle has gradually softened and a number of exceptions to this rule have come into place. Police and other authorities have been given exceptions to this rule in certain circumstances and it is not uncommon for evidence, that was gathered without a warrant, to be accepted in a trial. This is the situation in…...
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References
"Fourth Amendment: Search and Seizure." U.S. Government Printing Office.
This is the infrequent or difficult bowel evacuation (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2012). While there are no strict standard for bowel elimination, it is generally believed that fewer than thrice a week constitutes constipation. Stools are usually hard and dry. Other common symptoms associated constipation include excessive straining during bowel evacuation, a sense of rectal blockage, a sense of incomplete evacuation and the need to perform manual measures to evacuate the bowels. Constipation may be the consequence of insufficient fluid intake or dehydration, inadequate fiber in the diet, foregoing elimination, irritable bowel syndrome, lack of physical activity, illness, abuse of laxatives and certain medical conditions. Those more likely to develop constipation are older adults, those who are sedentary, confined in bed, dehydrated, on low-fiber diet, on certain medications and undergoing chemotherapy. It is more common in women and children. Causes for alarm include fewer than thrice a week…...
This is either legal or illegal (Priebe, 2012). It is legal and legitimate when corporate officers, directors and shareholders of at least 10% of the outstanding stock of the business. They file the required information with the Securities and Exchange Commission at regular periods (Priebe).
Illegal Insider Trading
This is conducted by trusted person but violates that company's trust (Priebe, 2012). The person is usually someone who enjoys fiduciary trust in working for and keeping the best interest of the company or its shareholders. He may be an officer, a director or an outsider who has access to confidential information about the company. That outsider may be the company's banker, auditor, or lawyer. In general, he is an insider who gives or receives inside information or tips (Priebe).
Characteristics of the Inside Information
It must be important and private (Priebe, 2012). It must be essential enough to…...
Beyond High School
I started at Essex Community College immediately after completing my high school. I joined the college seeking a degree in nursing and was also advised by my advisor to start college before going into any university. Before joining Essex Community College, I joined Coppin State University, but because of initial difficulties in adjusting in a university fresh out of high school and on the advice of my mentor, I joined the college so as to get used to the environment of colleges and then adjust in the university.
My troubles started when I became pregnant during my nursing classes in the Essex Community College, and because of severe illness, I had to leave my studies midway. After leaving I started my career as a Certified Geriatric Assistant and continued my personal life as a single mother. Managing career and personal duties as a single mother of young children was…...
Student Searches, Free Speech & Expression, and Privacy in the Wired Age
Student searches and in-school discipline for off-campus conduct
Free Speech and Expression on and off campus
Privacy in the wired age on and off campus. (Facebook, twitter, myspace, blogs, cellphones)
What are a students' constitutional rights when it comes to searches and seizures, on and off campus discipline, free speech, expression, and privacy in the wired age when on and off campus? How are students protected by the United States Constitution and Bill of Rights when it pertains to the three items listed above?
Students are often subject to rules and regulations that are associated with school codes of conduct and those rules and regulations are sometimes not reflective of constitutional rights to free speech and free action inside the laws. These long list of potential violations are printed by institutions and are made available to students, in secondary and postsecondary schools. Students…...
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In short students and especially minor students and their parents should make themselves aware of the codes of conduct the student is expected to uphold and live within those guidelines even if they feel the guidelines are overreaching as students have little recourse because even most public institutions such as public schools are still considered voluntary and enrollment in them requires certain standards to be upheld. This is not to say it is likely that all new students will read and memorize a code of conduct but they must beware that violations especially that hurt others will not likely be tolerated. It is not likely that the constitutional protection of students will be expanded, rather to the contrary laws that protect others from immoral, unethical and/or illegal or harmful behaviors in a public forum such as the internet, across email, and cell phones will likely be expanded. It also must be made clear that the intent to harm another does not have to be present for that harm to be done or for the individual(s) responsible to be held accountable for it. In other words consider yourself under public scrutiny when you are enrolled in any institution and act accordingly, upholding the law and the moral and ethical standards associated with your role as a student.
Wheeler, T. (2011). Facebook Fatalities: Students, Social Networking, and the First Amendment. Pace Law Review, 31(1), 182-227. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
Williamson, L. (2009). Private Rants Become Public When Aired Online. InsideCounsel, 20(211), 67-68. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
In the world of medicine today, there is still much about the inner workings of the human brain that are relatively unknown. Yet advancements in brain scanning and other techniques are giving researchers greater insight on how epilepsy works and why the brain responds as it does to the seizures. Obviously, with advances in genetic testing and the existence of the Human Genome Project, epilepsy could one day be cured and thus help millions of sufferers to live a "normal" and non-disabling lifestyle.
Annotated ibliography
Chadwick, David. Living with Epilepsy. London: Optima Publishing, 1987. (An excellent book which explains in-depth how a person can cope and live with epilepsy. It also provides information on support groups for those afflicted with the disease).
Preston, Robb. Epilepsy: Causes and Treatments. Miami, FL: Symposia Specialists, Inc., 1980. (Another excellent book that discusses all the major aspects of epilepsy. It also provides much information on what a…...
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Bibliography
Chadwick, David. Living with Epilepsy. London: Optima Publishing, 1987. (An excellent book which explains in-depth how a person can cope and live with epilepsy. It also provides information on support groups for those afflicted with the disease).
Preston, Robb. Epilepsy: Causes and Treatments. Miami, FL: Symposia Specialists, Inc., 1980. (Another excellent book that discusses all the major aspects of epilepsy. It also provides much information on what a person should do when someone is experiencing an epileptic seizure).
The Spirit Catches You and You Fall Down." Book Review. Internet. 2003. Accessed September 19, 2005. very thorough review of Anne Fadiman's book which describes Lia Lee's battle with epilepsy, both medically and culturally).http://www.spiritcatchesyou.com/bookdescription.htm .(A
4th Amendment's evolution and history, together with the "search and seizure" law.
4th Amendment Background
People's rights of being secure in personal effects, papers, houses and persons, against unreasonable seizures and searches, may not be breached, nor shall any warrants be issued, but in case of probable cause, which is supported by affirmation or oath, and describes, particularly, the place that must be searched, or the things or individuals that should be seized, under the 4th Amendment. Like most fields in U.S. law, the English common law forms the principal basis of the 4th Amendment. Broadly, it was created for limiting governmental powers and their capacity of enforcing legal actions upon citizens (4th Amendment - constitution -- Laws.com). Amendment IV was implemented in immediate reaction to the historical writ of assistance's abuse. This writ was a sort of general governmental search warrant employed in the American evolution's era. Amendment IV was…...
(n.d.). Arizona Defense Attorney James E. Novak Law Blog -- Legal discussions and observations with Arizona Criminal Defense Attorney James E. Novak. Requirements and Exceptions to Lawful Search Warrants in Arizona -- Legal discussions and observations with Arizona Criminal Defense Attorney James E. Novak. Retrieved April 26, 2016, from http://blog.novakazlaw.com/2013/01/requirements-and-exceptions-to-lawful-search-warrants-in-arizona/
There are certain interactions that may cause toxicity
Administration
The drug may be administered orally without regard to meals.
Overdose
The seriousness of an overdose of Lamictal depends on the ingested amount. There are however several non-life threatening symptoms of overdosing Lamictal with symptoms raging from ataxia, dizziness, somnolence and headache. However, in certain cases of overdose, the patient would experience renal and liver failure, delirium, rash as well as coma. The lethal dosage is lower for children. All suspected cases of Lamictal overdose should be treated as a medical emergency and the patient should be taken for immediate medical attention.
Conclusion
Lamictal has been very effective in the treatment and management of epilepsy and depression. A review of literature however suggests that it has certain risks in its administration. It is therefore necessary to be careful when taking or prescribing this medication. There are reports that the drug Seroquel by Astrazeneca would overtake it…...
Safford Unified School District v. edding and School PolicyIntroductionSafford Unified School District v. edding is a US Supreme Court case that was decided on June 25, 2009. The case dealt with the search of a student\\\'s underwear for prescription-strength ibuprofen pills at a school in Arizona.FactsIn 2003, Savana edding, a 13-year-old student at Safford Middle School in Arizona, was strip-searched by school officials. A fellow student had accused Savana of possessing prescription-strength ibuprofen pills, and as a result, the school officials searched Savana\\\'s backpack, finding no pills. Then, they made Savana remove her clothing, including her bra and underwear, and searched her. No pills were found during the search, and it was later revealed that the student who had accused Savana had never actually seen her with any pills.Procedural History: Savana and her mother, April edding, filed a lawsuit against the school district, the school principal, and the school nurse,…...
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ReferencesClarke, E. W. (2010). Safford Unified School District# 1 v. Redding: Why Qualified Immunity Is a poor Fit in Fourth Amendment School Search Cases. Brigham Young University Journal of Public Law, 24(2), 313-345.Harris, D. A. (1993). Factors for reasonable suspicion: When black and poor means stopped and frisked. Ind. Lj, 69, 659.Ferguson, A. G. (2007). The high-crime area question: Requiring verifiable and quantifiable evidence for fourth amendment reasonable suspicion analysis. Am. UL Rev., 57, 1587.Katz, L. R. (2004). Terry v. Ohio at Thirty-Five: A Revisionist View. Miss. LJ, 74, 423.Mitchell, J. E. (1991). Selective Application of the Fourth Amendment: United States v. Verdugo-Urquidez. Cath. UL Rev., 41, 289. Parker, D. D. (2009). Discipline in Schools after Safford Unified School District# 1 v. Redding. NYL Sch. L. Rev., 54, 1023.Safford Unified School District v. Redding, 577 U.S. 364 (2009);Torres, M. S., Brady, K. P., & Stefkovich, J. A. (2011). Student strip searches: The legal and ethical implications of Safford Unified School District v. Redding for school leaders. Journal of School Leadership, 21(1), 42-63.
Mexico faces an array of drug-related problems ranging from production and transshipment of illicit drugs to corruption, violence, and increased internal drug abuse. Powerful and well-organized Mexican organizations control drug production and trafficking in and through Mexico, as well as the laundering of drug proceeds. These organizations also have made a concerted effort to corrupt and intimidate Mexican law enforcement and public officials. In addition, the geographic proximity of Mexico to the United States and the voluminous cross-border traffic between the countries provide ample opportunities for drug smugglers to deliver their illicit products to U.S. markets. The purpose of this study was to develop informed and timely answers to the following research questions: (a) How serious is the trade in illicit drugs between Mexico and the United States today and what have been recent trends? (b) How does drug trafficking fund terrorist organizations in general and trade between Mexico…...
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References
Delaware fact sheet. (2014). Friends of Narconon, International. Retrieved from narconon.org/drug_distribution_in_the_united_states/delaware_drug_facts/delaware_facthttp://www.friendsof
sheet/.
Drug threats in Wilmington. (2014). Drug Enforcement Edu.org. Retrieved from http://www.
The Lack of Police Equity in America: Historical Context, Current Manifestations, and the Urgent Need for Comprehensive Reform
Introduction:
Police equity, a fundamental principle of a just and democratic society, entails the fair and impartial treatment of all individuals by law enforcement agencies. However, the reality of policing in America falls short of this ideal, with a long history of racial profiling, excessive force, and discriminatory practices. This thesis will delve into the historical context of police inequity, its current manifestations, and the urgent need for comprehensive reform to ensure equal justice under the law.
Topic 1: The Erosion of Due Process in the Digital Age
Topic 2: The Tension between Due Process and National Security
Topic 3: Due Process and the Rights of the Unrepresented
Topic 4: The Role of Due Process in Protecting Minority Rights
Topic 5: Due Process in the Context of Private Ordering
1000-Word Essay
Topic: The Erosion of Due Process in the Digital Age
Introduction: Due process, a fundamental principle of justice, safeguards individuals from arbitrary or unjust government actions. However, the advent of the digital age has raised concerns about the erosion of due process. This essay examines the ways in which digital technologies have challenged due....
Drug Trafficking in Italy: A Complex and Evolving Problem
Introduction
Italy, located at the crossroads of the Mediterranean Sea, has long been a strategic transit route for drug trafficking from producing countries to consumer markets in Northern Europe and beyond. In recent years, the country has faced significant challenges in combating drug trafficking, with organized crime groups playing a major role in the illicit trade. This essay will explore the current state of drug trafficking in Italy, examining its impact on society, the efforts of law enforcement to combat it, and the need for comprehensive strategies to address this complex problem.
Reconciliation with Indigenous Peoples in Canada: A Path Forward
Reconciliation with Indigenous peoples is a complex and ongoing process that requires a multifaceted approach from the Canadian government. To achieve meaningful reconciliation, the government must address historical wrongs, acknowledge present-day inequities, and work in partnership with Indigenous communities to build a more equitable and inclusive society.
Addressing Historical Wrongs
Truth and Reconciliation: Establish an independent commission to document and expose the history of residential schools and other colonial policies that have caused systemic harm to Indigenous peoples. This process should involve Indigenous survivors and community members, and result in a public record....
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