Role of Scientists and Engineers in the Modern World
Providing the catalyst of both collaborative and disruptive innovation, scientists and engineers have a critical mission in the modern world. They need to be the champions of change in every industry they touch with research, innovation and a continual emphasis on improving processes, products and technologies. Now given the continual economic turbulence globally, the role of scientists and engineers as the creators and enablers is to create new concepts, products and innovations that have the potential to deliver positive economic disruption from the status quo as well. Nowhere is this more evident than in the area of knowledge management and specifically contextual computing [1].
People Generally Think That We Can Detach
the three areas of knowledge involve perception of the outside world, emotions, and ethics. Three ways of knowing are scientific, phenomenological and spiritual. Science refers to the method of investigating data via analytic and scientifically manufactured ways of knowing; phenomenology – refers to direct, immediate contact with phenomena; whilst spirituality represents an intuitive knowledge of the data (Salmon, n.d.). Each of these three areas of knowledge and three ways of knowing are, to some extent or other, shaped by our language. The function of language is meant to serve as form of communication in order to bond; this has been shown to be true in both animal and human world (Robson, (n.d.)). Too often, however, language accrued by culture and experience may corrupt understanding and prevent bonding from occurring.
Globalization of Software Development Global
Global software development continues to be a disruptive innovation that is re-ordering every facet of the software industry and its value chain. From high-end enterprise software development of applications used within Fortune 1,000 corporations to the reliance start-up firms throughout the Silicon Valley and elsewhere have on Indian outsourcing firms for rapid prototyping, the globalization of software development is accelerating. Best practices in these areas is often defined by the adoption of quality management and compliance frameworks by both the outsourcer and client organization. Total Quality Management (TQM) and Six Sigma frameworks and methodologies are often used for ensuring application requirements are equally understood and implemented (DCosta, 2002). Software outsourcing is also growing exponentially due to its use for streamlining out-of-date applications that need to be updated to support current and future generation information systems needs of companies relying on them. The shift from Information Technologies (IT) departments attempting to do all development internally to having outsourcers handle the programming, quality testing and release is exponentially growing due to the time savings and potential to gain external expertise quickly and at a reasonable cost (Dey, Fan, Zhang, 2010). The option for many IT organizations choose to pursue is select an outsourcing partner who has the needed expertise needed for next-generation applications. This strategy is very dominant in enterprise software especially, as the recruitment and retention costs of experts in a given area would be exponentially more expensive than working with the outsourcer (Hanna, Daim, 2009). There is also the issue of time-to-value and the critical role that time management plays in managing enterprise applications. There is often literally not enough resources or time for a given enterprise to plan, code, test and launch complex enterprise applications. In many industries these constraints of time, cost and the urgency to focus only on the core business are becoming so great that outsourcing application software development is often the only viable alternative to keeping an enterprise in step with the many competitive demands placed on it over time. For all of these benefits however there are just as many disadvantages and hidden costs of outsourcing software development. The intent of this analysis is to provide the best practices ascertained from an extensive literature review and continued study of this rapidly changing area of the IT industry.
Linux security technologies and implementations
The continued popularity and rapid growth of open source software in general and the Linux operating system specifically are having a disruptive impact on proprietary software. The disruptive impacts of open source software are so pervasive that they are completely re-ordering the enterprise system strategies in many corporations globally today (Rooney, 2004). With this proliferation of open source software and the foundation being laid by the Linux operating system, there continues to be an urgent and escalating need for new security tools and applications and tools as well. Of the many security applications and tools available for the Linux operating system, the three that will be analyzed and assessed in this paper include chroot jail, iptables and SELinux. The analysis will include which organizations are sponsoring the development of each of these technologies, an explanation of how each of these technologies change the Linux operating system to make it more secure, and which types of threats each of these technologies are designed to eradicate and protect against.
Mobile security: threats, vulnerabilities, and protective measures
Mobile device security that encompasses smartphones, tablet PCs and many other forms of wireless devices is the most critical aspect of any enterprises' strategic information systems plan. As employees are increasingly relying on their own mobile devices to provide greater responsiveness and accuracy of communication to do their jobs, and senior executives including CEOs and CIOs need to increasingly manage from these devices while out of the office (Katzan, 2010). Mobility and the security to enable its successful continual operation has now emerged as the highest priority for CIOs in planning and implementing their enterprise-wide IT budgets and spending through 2015
(Katzan, 2010).
The foundational concepts and frameworks of mobile device security are customizable to any size of an enterprise network. The scalability and security aspects of mobile device security also have been designed to allow for individualized information and content taxonomies as well. These aspects of customization are necessary for ensuring mobility-based strategies in enterprises continue to stay relevant to the specific needs of an enterprise. Mobile device security is also the single greatest threat to enterprise systems and their confidential, highly valuable data, as any device could potentially be hacked either while in use or after being stolen (Mitra, 2008). In response to the severity of this treat, many CIOs initially banned the use of all mobility devices in their companies, for fear of a data or information leak (Shih, Wen, 2005). This soon proved impractical as many of their competitors actively are using enhanced mobility strategies to attract, sell and serve customers more effectively than those who did not have these specific technologies.