Spanking Children
Spanking has been a form of corporal punishment for centuries. Before psychological research on the topic expanded and was made public, it was just an accepted way of teaching children how to behave. However, recently the negative side of spanking has been revealed. Analysis conducted on adults who have experienced spanking as children have proven that the negative aspects of these acts of physical harm are quite real. Though the issue of spanking has been a hot-button topic over the years, it has been proven that spanking can cause long-lasting physical and psychological damage to the child, is sprung from parental anger and not discipline, and is a common denominator among current criminals. It is these effects that shine light on the growing psychopathy that spanking is causing children. These impacts guide children's moral development, therefore widely affecting how these children grow up and act once they reach the…...

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References:

Benjet, C. & Kazdin, A.E. (2003). Spanking children: the controversies, findings, and new directions. Clinical Psychology Review. 23(2), 197-224.

Kazdin, A.E. & Benjet, C. (2003). Spanking Children: Evidence and issues. Current Directions in Psychological Science. 12(3), 99-103.

Nofziger, S. (2008). The "Cause" of Low Self-Control: The Influence of Maternal Self-Control. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency. 45(2), 191-224.

Rodriguez, C.M., & Richardson, M.J. (2007). Stress and anger as contextual factors and pre-existing cognitive schemas: Predicting parental child maltreatment risk. Child Maltreatment. 12(4), 325-337.

Spanking
Children Should Not Be Spanked in Order to Discipline Them for Negative Behavior

Spanking has been used by parents for generations, and various forms of corporal punishment have been deployed for disciplinary measures for centuries. However, the enduring popularity of spanking as a method for disciplining children does not mean that it accomplishes the task it endeavors to achieve. Indeed, spanking has many negative potential consequences that make it an unfavorable method for disciplining children. This paper isolates three negative consequences of spanking, each of which inform the thesis that children should not be spanked in order to discipline children. Specifically, spanking does not actually eradicate the child's mindset that produced the negative behavior. The child may stop performing their negative behavior, but spanking does not facilitate their understanding of the ways in which their behavior is unacceptable. Additionally, spanking is a violent act and so it carries the potential of…...

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References

Cox, Randy. "Never Hit a Child." neverhitachild.org. 1 Sep. 2012. Web. 27 Nov. 2012.

Dryburgh, April. "Corporal Punishment: Why Not to Spank Your Child." Yahoo Voices. 19 Feb. 2007. Web. 27 Nov. 2012.

McCoy, Krisha. "Information You Can Quote," 1.

Walters, Rob. "Information You Can Quote," 1.

Spanking
Perhaps no topic generates as much heated debate among parents and child development experts as corporal punishment. While defenders argue for the continued necessity of the practice, new research shows more clearly the benefits of sparing the rod and avoiding corporal punishment altogether.

These studies cite numerous reasons against corporal punishment, from increasing aggression in children to the practice's moral repugnance. This paper, however, focuses on studies that show corporal punishment as an ineffective way to address misbehavior. In fact, numerous studies have shown that practices like spanking or slapping do not address the reasons behind a child's unwanted behavior.

In fact, a parent who spanks a child may unwittingly reinforce a child's bad behavior.

Types of corporal punishment

Part of the difficulty in addressing this issue lies in the lack of a common definition of spanking or corporal punishment. Some school districts, for example, equate corporal punishment with paddling and nothing else. Generally,…...

Spanking
DISCIPLINE vs. AGGRESSION

Imagine a child doing anything he wants as he grows up and parents only mildly warning him against the ill consequences of certain acts or situations. We all know that a child is launched into this world, not knowing what acts are safe or unsafe and naturally needing not just guidance and protection but also his parents' intervention. Every child wants to explore and is instinctively stubborn and disobedient. In this state of natural ignorance and curiosity, a parent's prohibitions are also naturally in place. Spanking becomes that tool of prohibition. ut all too often, this tool is more often taken to extremes and improperly imposed and thus brings about adverse consequences on the child. In response to popular outcry against the negative effects of spanking, child maltreatment has been banned in 23 countries (Taylor, 2009). These effects include aggression and other anti-social behaviors, depression, and poor mental…...

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BIBLIOGRAPHY

Boyles, S. (2009). Kids who get spanked may have lower IQs. Health and Parenting:

WebMD. Retrieved on July 16, 2011 from  http://www.webmd.com/parenting.news/20090924/kids-who-get-spanked-may-have-lower-iqs 

CPACFH (1998). Guidance for effective discipline. Committee on Psychosocial

Committee on Psychosocial Aspects of Child and Family Health. Vol 101 # 4

spanking is an approved method of discipline in the schoolroom. Spanking is a controversial form of punishment, and many people do not believe in spanking as a discipline measure. However, spanking does have a place in the discipline of a child if it is used correctly.
Spanking

Families have used spanking as a method of disciplining children for centuries, and it has been used in school systems as a punishment, as well. While a large segment of society seems to frown on spanking, a large number of parents say they use spanking as a tool in their family. A group of authors note, "In fact, in a national study, more than 90% of parents reported that they had used spanking as a way of disciplining their young children, and the vast majority of adults (approximately 80%) endorsed the use of spanking" (Hanson, Smith & Fricker-Elhai, 2004, p. 453). This is an…...

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References

Brooks-Gunn, J., & Markman, L.B. (2005). The contribution of parenting to ethnic and racial gaps in school readiness. The Future of Children, 15(1), 139+.

Diller, L. (2008, April 21). The truth about spanking: Promoting a ban is counterproductive. National Review Journal, 60, 42.

Grogan-Kaylor, A. (2004). The effect of corporal punishment on antisocial behavior in children. Social Work Research, 28(3), 153+.

Hanson, R.F., Smith, D.W., & Fricker-Elhai, A. (2004). 24 School-related issues in child abuse and neglect. In Handbook of Pediatric Psychology in School Settings, Brown, R.T. (Ed.) (pp. 451-463). Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.

ehavioral and Long-Term Effects of Spanking
ehavioral and Long-Term Effect of Spanking

Many of the studies pointed out that violence of adult are traced in the pattern of violence at home, and mostly in the experience of spanking during childhood. Despite the information and advocacy available in almost all media these days, there are still parents who thought that spanking their children to emphasize discipline is still beneficial. The benefits cited by those supporting spanking as acceptable method of discipline varied across culture and race. Generally, there are three views or positions about spanking as a form of discipline (enject C. & Kazdin A, 2003). Pro-corporal punishment, anti-corporal punishment, and conditional corporal punishment, which will be discussed in this paper. I shall outline the two differing arguments (pro-corporal and anti-corporal punishment) and conclude with the conditional corporal punishment which also reflect my own view, and which for me, is a neutral ground…...

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Bibliography

American Academy of Pediatrics. (1995). Caring for your School-Age Child: Ages 5-12. New York: Bantam Books.

Baumrind, D. (1996). A Blanket Injunction Against Disciplinary Use of Spanking is Not Warranted by the Data. Pediatrics, 98, 828-831.

____ (2001). Does Causally relevant research support a blanket injunction against disciplinary spanking by parents? 109th Annual Convention of the American Psychological Association (p. 1). San Francisco, CA: Americal Psychological Association.

Baumrind, D. Larzelere, R.E. & Cowan, P.A. (2002). Ordinary Physical Punishment: Is it Harmful? Comment on Gershoff (2002). Psychological Bulletin, 128, 580-589.

Parental discipline/spanking Minimum (5) pages content Title page, Reference list (APA style) Minimum (4) peer reviewed journal articles. I EPSCOHOST articles works. Present sides argument . I a side a conclusion.
When concerning parental discipline, there is much controversy regarding punishment and whether it should be corporeal or nonphysical. Considering that the contemporary society has progressed significantly in the recent centuries, it only seems normal for people to have recognized that spanking is detrimental both for their relationship with children and for the mental state of the children. This is particularly important when referring to infants, as they are unaware regarding the reason for their spanking and are unlikely to learn a valuable lesson as a result of being physically punished. It is certainly difficult to take sides in the debate, as both camps have generated theories that support or criticize the practice of spanking. All things considered, in spite of…...

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Bibliography:

Davis, Nanette J., Youth Crisis Growing Up in the High-Risk Society (Westport, CT: Praeger, 1999)

Grolnick, Wendy S., The Psychology of Parental Control: How Well-Meant Parenting Backfires (Mahwah, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, 2003)

Paintal, Sureshrani, "Banning Corporal Punishment of Children: An ACEI Position Paper," Childhood Education 83.6 (2007)

Richardson Sears, Robert; Maccoby Eleanor E.; Levin, Harry, Patterns of child rearing, (Stanford University Press, 1976).

Org Behav
Spankings. According to the American Psychological Association, "there is general consensus that corporal punishment is effective." Spanking and other gentle but firm types of physical reprimand can have a noticeable effect on human behavior. That effect is usually immediate, which would allow the manager or supervisor to elicit a strong response from employees who are exhibiting behavioral issues such as talking back (American Psychological Association). General ineffectiveness, sluggishness, and other behavioral problems can be easily corrected with a whack of a stick or a slap on the bottom. Corporal punishment "remains a widely used discipline technique in most American families," and families remain one of the most common organizations in the United States (American Psychological Association).

The use of spanking is generally discouraged in the childhood education sector. However, corporal punishment may have a distinct and measurable effect in the workplace. There are some drawbacks with the recommendation of corporal…...

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Work Cited

American Psychological Association. "Is Corporal Punishment an Effective Means of Discipline?" APA. Retrieved online: http://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2002/06/spanking.aspx

When a parent spanks a child he or she sends a negative message and essentially silences the child.
If the child is not treated with respect, he or she is also more likely to act out years later. As King points out, spanking diminishes the bond of trust between parents and their children. A child who is spanked grows up with a certain degree of fear. The parent who spanks the child will always seem like a formidable figure to the child, and as someone who can never be pleased or reasoned with. Even when the parent stops using spanking as a form of punishment the child will remember the pain. Ironically, the child will probably not remember the specific incident that triggered the spanking, which proves that spanking doesn't even work.

I will take what King says directly to heart. Talking with children when they misbehave and offering constructive alternatives…...

Against Spanking as a Way of Disciplining Children
Spanking is a subject that has sparked controversy for a long time. The debate has been raging in academic circles, among caregivers and psychologists alike. The idea of spanking is blended with cultural views, religious beliefs, laws imposed by government and a myriad of other factors. The practice of spanking has immense effects that are both psychological and physical. The issue of whether spanking is right is still controversial in both lay and professional realms (Kazdin & Benjet, 2003). The argument presented in this paper is to the effect that since spanking is subject to abuse and the fact that the act seems to send a wrong message to children and is likely to lead to a less than ideal relationship between children and their parents, it should be avoided. It should be avoided because it leads children to act out of…...

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References

Bitensky, S. (2006). Corporal punishment of children: A human rights violation. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers.

Kazdin, A., & Benjet, C. (2003). "Spanking Children": "Evidence and Issues, Current Directions in Psychological Science," 12(3), 99-103.

Moyer, M. W. (2016, May 03). What Science Says -- and Doesn't -- about Spanking. Retrieved 13 November 2016, from  https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/what-science-says-and-doesn-t-about-spanking 

Pratt, L. (1973). Child Rearing Methods and Children's Health Behavior. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 14(1), 61-69.

These findings are consistent with those reported in studies of children older than 2 years but extend these findings to children who are spanked beginning at a relatively early age (issow Pp).
In the January 2002 issue of "Journal of Counseling and Development," Lisa Fontes states that Latino parents who engage in harsh physical discipline need help, however, they are far from homogeneous and their needs vary (Fontes Pp). She believes that many are "loving and devoted parents who practice traditional forms of child rearing that may include an authoritarian style and harsh corporal punishment, side by side with high levels of intimacy and support" (Fontes Pp). Fontes states that some Latino parents are often "incorrectly accused of abusing or neglecting their children because non-Latino professionals are puzzled by their unfamiliar yet harmless practices" (Fontes Pp). hile other Latino parents, like parents from other groups, punish their children in ways…...

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Works Cited

Straus, Murray a. "Spanking and the making of a violent society." Pediatrics;

10/1/1996; Pp.

Fontes, Lisa Aronson. "Child discipline and physical abuse in immigrant Latino families: reducing violence and misunderstandings."

Journal of Counseling and Development; 1/1/2002; Pp.

If the child is punished for small infractions of the rules and other children are not, this makes him feel that life is unfair, and makes him act in the ways that he is expected to act. Formal labeling is manifest when teachers treat students labeled as gifted as brighter, which motivates the children to perform better on tests, or when students labeled as 'special education' or 'ESL' are assumed to be capable of less than other children. If less is expected of them, they will naturally perform at a lower standard.
Module 4

Q5. Identify some of the factors that could lead to inept parenting in single parent family households.

Even the best single parent faces considerable challenges. Single parent households tend to be less affluent economically, which automatically presents a difficulty in terms of ensuring that children have safe and healthy environments in which to live. Single parents may not…...

The article specifically listed school shootings as one connection! One thing I noticed as I read through results was that animal abuse before the age of ten seems to be a very definite indicator of adult violence. I did not find anything on Los Angeles laws, but I was ready to look at the various cases of random violence.
I searched on this term in all the same places and came up with nothing useful until I added the word "schools." Even then, the results showed far too much. In fact, random violence is far more prevalent than I thought, so my topic narrows again to random school violence. However, these results were very difficult to find. So I tried searching on Columbine and Dawson College in hopes to get more. There is lots written on these, though Dawson is so recent that these are mostly news articles. Most of…...

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Bibliography-Link.html

Hoffman, Frank L. 2006. SHOOTING OURSELVES IN THE FOOT

The Sanitizing of Violence in Our Society

PetAbuse. Cruelty Connections. 2006.  http://www.pet-abuse.com/pages/abuse_connection.php 

Bender, William N.; Shubert, Terresa H.; McLaughlin, Phillip J.

Promoting the understanding of cultural differences is crucial, because a large number of child abuse and neglect cases involve allegations against minorities.
As a result, in some areas a psychologist may interview the involved caregivers and children to help the courts decide whether parents have behaved abusively and to determine their children's placement. However, sometimes the psychologists' unfamiliarity with a culture leads to unfair decisions. In some Hispanic cultures, for example, parents may not be socialized to express anger directly. Sometimes a child's action may cause that repressed anger to erupt. In such instances, parents may need training in anger management and discipline, instead of a prison sentence and denied access to children.

Because of this situation, the American Psychology Association offers assessment standards for culturally varied populations:

Learn about the culture of the person being assessing. Consult with others who know the culture because there is not always literature available about…...

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References

Besharov, Douglas J. Recognizing and Reporting Child Abuse: Protecting Children from Abuse and Neglect. Washington, D.C. University of Maryland's Welfare Reform Academy, 2000.

Child Abuse Prevention and Treatment Act (CAPTA) of 1974. 23 November 2006.   capta-of-1974.html.http://laws.adoption.com/statutes/child-abuse-prevention-and-treatment-act -

Dershowitz, Alan. M. Contrary to Popular Opinion. New York: Pharos Books, 1992.

Murray, Bridget. Cultural insensitivity leads to unfair penalties. Monitor 30.9, October

Parental Discipline Methods in Public Places
In the past, the biblical imprecation to "spare the rod, spoil the child" (Proverbs 13:24) has been replaced by a more enlightened view of discipline and corporal punishment is becoming increasingly rare. To determine the current state of affairs in this area, this paper provides a record of empirical observations of the discipline methods used on children by parents in public places, including a shopping mall, a park and an amusement park. An analysis of the frequency of physical punishments to discipline children and in what situations is followed by an assessment concerning the effects of differing locations, situations and social classes of the parents influenced their public behavior. Finally, a summary of the research and important findings concerning the discipline methods used by parents in public places are provided in the conclusion.

eview and Analysis

Disorderliness and misbehaviors in children have been a major concern…...

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References

Ewald, M. (2004, June 4). To spank or not? Let the town vote. The Christian Science Monitor,

11.

Hassan, T. & Titilayo, A. (2012, March). Differential effectiveness of self-management and token reinforcement in the treatment of adolescents' disorderliness. Ife Psychologia,

20(1), 134-139.

Impact of Corporal Punishment Ban on Children's Behavior in the US
The United States remains one of the few developed countries that allows corporal punishment in some form. However, there is growing support for a ban on this practice, which involves the use of physical force to discipline children. Proponents of a ban argue that it would have a positive impact on children's behavior, while opponents contend that it would lead to increased misbehavior.
Research on the effects of corporal punishment on children's behavior has produced mixed results. Some studies have found that corporal punishment is associated with increased aggression and antisocial....