Sri Lanka Essays (Examples)

Business Studies

Starbucks and the Potential Expansion into Sri Lanka

The expansion of any company will require careful consideration. The expansion plan will need to facilitate a number of factors, including allowances for the country into which expansion is taking place, as well as the needs of the company in terms of acquisition of resources and training of staff. The plan will need to build on the strengths of the organization, take advantage of opportunities, and minimize the potential dangers that exist as a result of weaknesses and threats. In order to assess the way in which Starbucks may expand into Sri Lanka, it is necessary to look at the company itself before looking at the way in which it may expand.

Company Background

Starbucks is a global brand of gourmet coffee shops. Starting from 1 shop located at Pike placed in Seattle in 1971, it the company has now…

Tamil Tigers

hen the word terrorism or terrorist is spoken, the immediate image for most people is the likes of Al Qaida and the bombings of the London Subway or the 9/11 attacks on American soil. This is a very limited understanding of terrorist groups. In almost every nation, religion, and ethnic group, there are factions of individuals who are dedicated to a political cause. They are so dedicated that they are willing to commit acts of violence on a large scale in order to make their point and force those in power to satisfy their demands. Most often, these groups have an agenda which is antithetical to the aims and best interests of the larger population; something that does not matter to them. Terrorists will do whatever it is they deem necessary in order to achieve their ends. The base word terror explains exactly how they choose to force…

Works Cited:

Anderson, Jon Lee. "Death of the Tiger." The New Yorker. 2011. Print.

Bhattacharji, Preeti. "Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (aka Tamil Tigers)." Council on Foreign

Relations. 2009.

Buerk, Roland. "Sri Lankan Families Count Cost of War." BBC News. 2008. Web. 2012.

causes of terrorism have attracted huge concern among policymakers and the public given the increase in terror attacks across the globe in the recent past. The modern society has been characterized by the increased emergence of terrorist groups and organizations in various places in the world. These organizations have continued to use sophisticated methods to accomplish their goals due to rapid technological advancements. Some of the major examples of terrorist groups include Baader-Meinhof, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam, and the alleged Iranian state-sponsored terrorism. Following my analysis of these groups, I have chosen as my theoretical framework, Margolin's argument that, 'much terrorist behavior is a response to the frustration of various political, economic, and personal needs or objectives' (Joseph Margolin, 1977, 273-4).

My discussion will involve analysis of three terrorist groups across three categories i.e. ideological, nationalist, and religious terrorism. I will use Baader-Meinhof gang, the Liberation Tigers of…

References

Brynjar, L. & Katja, S. (2000). Why Terrorism Occurs -- A Survey of Theories and Hypotheses

on the Causes of Terrorism. Retrieved September 21, 2014, from  http://www.ffi.no/no/rapporter/00-02769.pdf 

"Chapter 3: State Sponsors of Terrorism Overview." (2013, May 30). Office of the Coordinator

for Counterterrorism. Retrieved from U.S. Department of State website:  http://www.state.gov/j/ct/rls/crt/2012/209985.htm

Cross-Cutting Issues egarding Slum Upgrading

Property ights and Security of Tenure

Secure of tenure, according to Cities Alliance (2014), "is at the very center of slum upgrading." As Cities Alliance further points out, lack of some kind of legal tenure security makes the circumstances of those who reside in slums highly uncertain. This is particularly the case given that evictions could be instituted at any moment. It is important to note that people are not likely to invest in permanent structures if they fear eviction -- meaning that the structures they put up will be largely shoddy and meant to serve temporary shelter needs. However, once people are assured of the right to keep their homes, they develop "a sense of permanence and realize that they can sell their house and recoup their investment" (Cities Alliance, 2014). Property rights also protect slum dwellers from extortion and exploitation (Cities Alliance, 2014).…

References

Cities Alliance. (2014). About Slum Upgrading. Retrieved from  http://www.citiesalliance.org/About-slum-upgrading#Why_do_slums_develop 

Moser, C.O. & Dani, A.A. (Eds.). (2008). Assets. Livelihoods and Social Policy. Washington, DC: World Bank Publications.

1. Housing finance and financial inclusion

2. Housing microfinance the state of the practice

The attack which claimed Tsar's life was by a member of Narodnaya Volya, ignacy Hryniewiecki, who died while consciously exploding the bomb during the attack. udolf Christoph Freiherr von Gersdorff projected to assassinate Adolf Hitler by suicide bomb in 1943, but was unable to complete the attack (oger Moorhouse 2006).

Conclusion

Once we start discussing suicide bombers, there emerge some religious units that are never far behind. esearchers have proposed several theories to elaborate on why others would give their lives to take those of others. A study by Ginges brings about a variety of religious people from different religion back grounds and it has come out that across the board, people's deportment on martyrdom had absolutely nothing or if there is very minimal to do with their religious attachment or a specific religious group.

eferences

Bloom, Mia. Dying to Kill. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005

Beevor, Antony. Berlin:…

References

Bloom, Mia. Dying to Kill. New York: Columbia University Press, 2005

Beevor, Antony. Berlin: The downfall 1945, Penguin Book, 2005

Evan Thomas, Newsweek 10/15/2001

Hafez, Mohammed. Suicide Bombers in Iraq. Washington: U.S. Institute of Peace Press.2007

Indian Art

Reflection activity: Ashoka

hy is the reign of the third Mauryan emperor, Ashoka, important to the study of early Indian and Buddhist art?

Ashoka was one of India's greatest emperors whose reign covered a vast region. He conquered Kallinga which had not been done by any of his predecessors. However, this conquest claimed massive numbers of casualties and was destructive. He later converted to Buddhism after some of his experiences in the war which introduced Buddhism and its art to a vast population in India.

Discussion activity: Stupas

To what extent do these examples share the core characteristics of all stupas, and in what ways do they differ from each other? Bodhnath, Nepal (example 1) and Anuradhapura, Sri Lanka (example 2)

The stupa generally has six parts that have symbolic meaning that the stupas share. The Bodhnath stupa appears to be more modern and contains cables that connect…

Works Cited

British Museum. (N.d.). Sandstone figure of the seated Buddha. Retrieved from British Museum:  http://www.britishmuseum.org/explore/highlights/highlight_objects/asia/s/sandstone_figure_of_the_seated.aspx 

Dhejia, V. (1990). On Modes of Visual narration in Early Buddhist Art. The Art Bulletin, 374-392.

Smart History. (N.d.). The Stupa. Retrieved from Smart History:  http://smarthistory.khanacademy.org/the-stupa.html

America's engagement with China, with historic ice-breaking between the two countries carried out by Henry Kissinger, has been complicated. I would suggest that it were the U.S. domestic preoccupations and compulsions that did not allow me to take any bold stance on the issue of Dalai Lama. I disagree with notion that U.S. betrayed the cause of human rights while not choosing to visit Dalai Lama.

It must not be forgotten that unlike ussia, China's geography allows her to exert much more influence than the former. In the words of Kaplan (2010), China is both a land and a sea power. Thus, my foreign policy towards China has been reflective of this potential next power of the world. The U.S. has benefited from the Chinese market significantly in the wake of financial crisis. The author failed to acknowledge the huge compulsions that China faces in meeting its energy and other…

References

Barber, BR 1992 "Jihad vs. McWorld," the Atlantic Monthly 269, no. 3 (March 1992): 53 -- 65.

Cohen, MA, 2011, 'Think Again: The Two State Solution', Foreign Policy, Viewed on 18 June 2013, [ http://www.foreignpolicy.com/articles/2011/09/14/think_again_the_two_state_solution ]

Gettleman, J 2010, 'Africa's Forever Wars,' Foreign Policy, 22 Feb 2010.

Gilboy, GJ and Read, BL 2008, 'Political and Social Reform in China,' Washington Quarterly, summer 2008, pg 143-164.

nil's ghost," can be read as a war story or it can also be seen as a tale of young woman coming back to her native land to find that she can no longer relate to the land or its culture. However from both perspectives, the book lacks depth and purpose, which is unfortunate since the author was not writing about some far off land but about his own country and their people. The problem with the book lies in its ambiguously developed characters and a general lack of central theme.

The novel is about Tamil-government war in Sri Lanka that also brings in discussion on general political conditions in this part of the world. Sri Lanka is terrorized by decades of civil war, which has left an indelible mark on the country in terms of economic and political decline. The political infrastructure and various governmental institutions have collapsed under…

Anil has been assigned a masculine name and some so-called masculine attributes but they do not help in advancing the story or making it any better. The one reason why Anil's character has not been developed properly is because Ondaatje has left many details un-discussed while he focusing on unnecessary stories. For example, after her parents' death, Anil decided she would never return to her country. But why? The author never bothers to explain. This story would have been more meaningful and important than the story about her name. What was it about Sri Lanka that made her decide never to visit the place again? Did her parents paint a negative picture of their native land? We will never know since the author casually left out these details. Her name is masculine because Anil is supposedly portrayed as a rebel. But where the rebellion began and what was she rebelling against? Anil never actually had to do any real rebelling since her parents left the country when she was a young girl and there were no obstacles in her way of achieving her goals and dreams. So what kind of rebel was she? She appears to be a stereotypical feminist character that is presented as a rebel because that's how the world sees them. There is no specific cause for her becoming a rebel and even if she is one, her rebellious streak doesn't serve any real purpose in the book. There is a thick solipsistic fog surrounding all characters and is more pronounced in the case of Anil since she is playing the most important role in the novel. The foggy portrayal is what makes the characters appear shallow and disoriented. There is no real connection between them and between the characters and the story. All appear lost in their own world of confused perceptions to observe and judge the world around with accuracy and honesty.

REFERENCE

Michael Ondaatje; Anil's Ghost, Alfred A. Knopf, 2000

Dilmah Tea

Stakeholder Analysis

Customer Segments

There are two ways of looking at Dilmah's customers. The buyers -- to whom Dilmah sells -- are the supermarkets and wholesalers that carry the tea. The other customer group is the end user. Tea is a mass market product that is consumed by a broad swath of the population, and to the extent that there is a definable "typical" demographic for tea consumption, this will vary by market. Initially, the company experienced difficulty in attracting interest from supermarket chains, which would then have had to utilize a push strategy to convince consumers to buy the tea. Over time, however, Dilmah was able to build its brand, making it more attractive to both supermarkets and consumers.

The global hot beverages market is worth $69.77 billion and the two major segments (coffee and tea) are both growing (PR eb, 2011). The growing demand, combined with…

Works Cited:

Bajaj, V. (2010) . A Sri Lankan underdog battles global tea giants. New York Times. Retrieved May 11, 2012 from  http://www.nytimes.com/2010/01/09/business/global/09tea.html?_r=1&adxnnl=1&adxnnlx=1336755890-EChS13AJJ88xmXFSg2k5lg 

Datamonitor. (2010). Hot drinks in Australia to 2013. Datamonitor. Retrieved May 11, 2012 from  http://www.foodprocessing.com.au/products/40497-Datamonitor-report-Hot-drinks-in-Australia-to-2-13 

Dilmah Tea website. (2012). Retrieved May 11, 2012 from  http://www.dilmahtea.com/dilmah-story/dilmah-difference 

Ellis, E. (2007). A cup of tea like a fine wine. Fortune Magazine. Retrieved May 11, 2012 from  http://money.cnn.com/magazines/fortune/fortune_archive/2007/06/25/100116289/index.htm

Stockholders vs. Stakeholders

United States HotFeet is an important manufacturer of footwear, with most of its manufacturing operations outsourced to various regions. One of its manufacturing subsidiaries is located in Sri Lanka, where is has successfully been operating for two decades now, having registered incontestable benefits for the local economy, the well-being of the Sri Lanka population as well as profits for the parent company.

During the past recent years however, several factors have come in play to jeopardize the profitability of Asia HotFeet. For instance, the wage rates in the island country have increased significantly, therefore increasing the cost of operations and decreasing overall profitability. Then, the interest rates in the country have also increased and the value of the U.S. dollar has weakened, all further contributing to a decreased profitability of AHF (Asia HotFeet).

In such a context, a question is being posed regarding the future of AHF.…

References:

Deresky, H., "International Management: Managing Across Borders and Cultures, Text and Cases," Prentice Hall, 8th edition

(owland, 1953, p. 204) (Hallisey, 2003, p. 696)

The Ceylon [now Sri Lanka] Chronicle (Mah-mvam-sa)) is primarily a history of Buddhism in Ceylon though it gives reliable information on political history. It is perhaps unjust to maintain that India had no sense of history whatever, but what interest she had in her own past was generally concentrated on the fabulous kings of a legendary golden age, rather than the great empires which had risen and fallen in historical times. (Basham, 1954, p. 44)

Literature and art reflected the lives of the ruling class along side those historical narratives of Buddha, as can be seen in the first example. Medieval revivals also attempted to rejoin these depictions through restorative works that demanded the attention of many to the idea of a foreign king effectively expressing the Sinhalese culture. (Holt, 1996, p. 41) the tradition is long standing in the region and…

References

 http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6357199 

Basham, a.L. (1954). III History: Ancient and MedievalEmpires. In the Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims (pp. 44-78). New York: Grove Press. Retrieved May 13, 2007, from Questia database:  http://www.questia.com/PM.qst?a=o&d=6357327 

Basham, a.L. (1954). The Wonder That Was India: A Survey of the Culture of the Indian Sub-Continent before the Coming of the Muslims. New York: Grove Press.

This work demonstrates the historical context of the region, in relation to faith and art as well as the political. It demonstrates the modern emphasis on rediscovering treasures of ancient and modern faiths.

The 2007 BCB survey averaged out to 7.5 out of a possible 10 "with regard to the perception of the services it offers." In the section dedicated to Barcelona's "worldwide image" the 2007 survey reached 8 out of ten from those visitors participating in the survey.

Spain isn't the only attractive meetings tourism destination by any means. There are countries all over the world seeking to attract business travelers that are part of conventions, conferences, seminars and other business-related gatherings. China is also an appealing destination for meetings tourism. The Jiangsu Tourism Company spells out some "useful tips for Meeting Planning in China" (http://tastejiangsu.com).

The old Japanese saying, "The protruding nail gets hammered down" is linked by the travel service to the possibility that some business travelers that are part of a meetings tourism group may commit a "major faux pas" during the business sessions. Hence, the ebsite explains, one…

Works Cited

About.com. "What is Adventure Travel." Retrieved Nov. 16, 2010, from  http://www.adventuretravel.about.com . (2010).

Bawaba, Al. "Malaysia Still Has Room to Grow in Health Tourism, Says Liow." Malaysian

Government News. Retrieved Nov. 16, 2010, from GaleGroup.

Berger, Karen. "Types of Adventure Travel Tours: Challenges, Features of Soft, Medium, and Hard-Core Adventure Trips." Suite101.com. Retrieved Nov. 16, 2010, from  http://www.suite101.com  (2009).

Although Rotberg states that elections are not first priority but constitutions and elections to encourage democracy are very important. It is more important according to Rotberg that strength is given to nation states prior to failure as it is much easier to attempt revival from this point instead of after failure and collapse. He cites 'outside support' as being 'conditional on monetary and fiscal streamlining' with 'renewed attention to good governance, with reforms of land tenure systems and strict adherence to the rule of law" taking place. Nothing that endures can be accomplished in a short period of time. It is very important that failure of many of these states is prevented but it is also costly. These places ethnic cleansing and famines result in the newly failed states with terrorist groups taking hold.

STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSES

While Rothberg's appointed facts are certainly factual yet the policies being used to…

Bibliography

National Security Strategy of the United States of America (2002) as cited by Stewart Patrick 2002 September p. online available at  http://www.whitehouse.gov/nsc/nss.html .

Patrick, Stewart (2002) Weak States and Global Threats: Fact or Fiction? Online available at  http://www.twq.com/06spring/docs/06spring_patrick.pdf .

Rotberg, 2002) The New Nature of a Nation-State Failure Online available at  http://www.twq.com/02Summer/Rotberg.pdf 

Critique and Review of Rotberg (2002) "The New Nature of a Nation-State Failure"

In fact, the entire damage was caused by the tsunami itself along with other factors like the geology and geography of the region. The damage that the tsunami caused to mainland India, a seismically quiescent region, was concentrated mainly on the eastern coastline but some damage due to diffraction also occurred on the southernmost tip of the western coastline. A factor which played a major role in the scale of devastation that occurred in this region is the bathymetry of the Bay of Bengal. The Bay of Bengal is quite shallow with an average depth of 2600 meters. The shallowness can be attributed to the huge amount of sediment that the Ganges iver deposits in it. (Strand; Masek, 40)

After the earthquake, the bay was sealed off by the deep Sunda Trench and the tsunami waves were reflected back towards the Indian Ocean striking the eastern Indian coastline within two…

References

Bernard, Eddie N; Robinson, Allan R. The Sea Tsunamis.

Harvard University Press. 2009.

Bilham, R; Engdahl, E. R; Feldl, N; Satyabala, S.P. Partial and Complete Rupture of the Indo-Andaman plate boundary 1847-2004. University of Colorado, Boulder.

Seism. Res. Lett. 2005.

Stockholders

The decision that the champion of AHF is faced with in this particular case study is a business decision. One may argue that most business decisions involve ethics, particularly those that directly affect the livelihood of its employees. However, USHF is not a charity organization. It is a business organization that is attempting to make a profit. In that regard, the decision of whether or not to discontinue AHF immediately or to allow it to continue with serious reductions to its workforce for the next couple of months is purely based on business concerns and outcomes.

Although AHF has produced some value, it is not engendering profits at a rate swift enough to satisfy its stockholders. Moreover, it is negatively impacting the profits of its parent company, USHF. USHF initially conceived of AHF and located it in Sri Lanka because it believed that doing so would help it further…

Third Wave is a 2007 documentary that focuses on the aftermath of the 2004 Indian Ocean Earthquake and subsequent tsunamis. Among the affected regions is Sri Lanka, which is the focus of the documentary. While the documentary seeks to present a realistic perspective into individual efforts to help provide support and help rebuild Sri Lanka, there are several issues that arise. The Third Wave seeks to present the humanitarian efforts of a group of volunteers, however there are several occasions in which the documentary comes off as exploitative and self-indulgent.

At the beginning of the documentary, a group of four volunteers decide they are going to go to Sri Lanka, specifically a tribal village called Peraliya, and provide aid to the people that reside in the region. Although the volunteers' intentions can be construed as being noble and self-less, the documentary showcases the error in their approach. The volunteers are…

He had an engineering degree from the university of Swansea in ritain. He too participated in the afghan war and was a friend of in laden since the late eighties. He was the emissary of bin laden in Philippines and trained the Muslim fundamentalists there. He made his way into the U.S. without a visa and continued his stay there by seeking political asylum. He was a skilled expert in making chemical bombs. In 1995, Yousef was arrested by Pakistani authorities and in the next year he was sentenced to 240 years of imprisonment in the U.S. For his role in the WTO bombing.

Rex a. Hudson]

Conclusion

Terrorism has expanded into every nook and corner of the world today. A terrorist today, does not appear with a distinctive personality but rather blends with the society leaving security experts with little clue. While organized crimes are mostly economically motivated, terrorism…

Bibliography

Rex a. Hudson, "The sociology and psychology of terrorism: Who Becomes a terrorist and why?," Sept 1999, Library of Congress, Accessed 19th November 2007, available at  http://www.loc.gov/rr/frd/pdf-files/Soc_Psych_of_Terrorism.pdf 

BBC, "Profile: Mullah Mohammed Omar," Accessed 19th November 2007, available at  http://news.bbc.co.uk /2/hi/south_asia/1550419.stm' target='_blank' REL='NOFOLLOW'>

ship called the MV Sun Sea carrying 490 asylum seekers from Sri Lanka, was intercepted off the B.C. coast. The arrival of these Tamil migrants sparked a controversy as to how Canada should receive Tamil and other potential refugees fleeing Southeast Asia. On one side of the controversy, Canadian officials voiced concern that the migrants could be criminals and terrorists, and should not be allowed to enter Canadian borders. On the other hand, these accusations could have been utterly baseless, originally espoused by the Sri Lankan government for the purpose of deflecting international attention from their human rights abuses. Indeed, screenings of 76 Tamil migrants who arrived from Sri Lanka in October 2009 revealed that all were eligible to claim political refugee status, despite rumors that they might have had criminal ties. The recent debate regarding whether to accept the Tamil migrants on the MV Sun Sea was reminiscent of…

Human rights organizations have reported that in spite of official denials throughout the 1980s through the present, the government has initiated political killings, abductions, and armed clashes with the Tamils. Currently, the UN is investigating thousands of unresolved disappearances of innocent civilians there. The separatist resistance group, the Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE), which formed in opposition to government repression, have also violated human rights and engaged in terrorist acts, mostly within Sri Lankan territory. Nonetheless, it is dangerous and irresponsible for the Canadian government and media to espouse speculative rhetoric that Tamil migrants are terrorist or have links to al-Qaeda.

Like the Tamils of Sri Lanka, the Ghadar was an organization founded by Punjabi Indians in Canada with the aim to liberate India from oppressive British colonial rule. The movement began with a group of immigrants who settled in Canada. It is important to note that migrants and migrants from Southeast Asia have been an integral part of Canada's culture and history for over a century, although they have faced long-standing resentment and prejudice from our white majority. For example, around the time of the 1914 arrival of the Komagata Maru at Vancouver, which carried Indians escaping the oppression of British colonial rule, British Columbia passed stringent laws discouraging Indians from immigrating to Canada. Indians were also denied the right to vote, prohibited to run for public office, serve on juries, and were not permitted to become professionals. Many race-based laws were enacted against Japanese and Chinese nationalities, who were also immigrating in large numbers to abandon challenging circumstances at home. At the same time, however, massive numbers of white European immigrants were welcomed into Canada. White Canadians seemed to specifically fear that darker-skinned people would take their jobs, a fear that may remain today.

However, there is one example of white refugees who were refused entrance into Canada pursuant to anti-Semitic fear in the years leading up to World War II. Approximately 900 German Jews fleeing persecution on 1939 the ship, St. Louis, were forced to return to Europe, where most of the passengers were later killed in Nazi concentration camps.

"Social messages sent by clothing, accessories and decorations can invoke social status, occupation, ethnic and religious affiliation, marital status and sexual availability etc."

4.2 Product innovation and technological changes

The rapid rate of technological development set the course of development in numerous other domains, including apparel. In this order of ides, the technology adherent to the apparel production process is on its path from computer made designs to technologically improved materials' quality. For example, future directions in the apparel industry involve "more types of fiber developed using nanotechnology or smart clothes that incorporate electronics."

4.3 Marketing innovation

The main characteristic of current trade and production is that the items tend to focus more and more on the customers' needs and desires. Apparel producers are today faced with the difficult task of combining the publics' needs with a high quality of work and material as well as with the latest fashion…

Bibliography

October 2001, Contracts and Modifications by North American Industry Classification System (NAICS) Codes, Manufacturing NAICS Codes,

Fratto, M.G., Jones, M.R., Cassill, N.L., 2006, Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, Volume 10, Emerald Group Publishing Limited

Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia, October 2006, Apparel, article was last modified on October 26, 2006,  http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apparel , last accessed on October 31, 2006

October 2006, Apparel Resources, Exim News, Sri Lanka: Apparel Exports to U.S. Show 9.5% Increase,  http://www.apparelresources.com , last accessed on October 31, 2006

In the event that the analysis of records of telephone, e-mail and internet use was considered to amount to an interference with respect for private life or correspondence, the Government contended that the interference was justified. First, it pursued the legitimate aim of protecting the rights and freedoms of others by ensuring that the facilities provided by a publicly funded employer were not abused. Secondly, the interference had a basis in domestic law in that the College, as a statutory body, whose powers enable it to provide further and higher education and to do anything necessary and expedient for those purposes, had the power to take reasonable control of its facilities to ensure that it was able to carry out its statutory functions. It was reasonably foreseeable that the facilities provided by a statutory body out of public funds could not be used excessively for personal purposes and that the…

Bibliography

ECHR Case Law - Copland vs. United Kingdom European Court of Human Rights - Council of Europe Copland vs. United Kingdom 3 April 2007 Violation of Art. 8 of the European Convention for the Protection of Human Rights and Fundamental Freedoms. Legile Inernetului (2009) Online available at http://www.legi-internet.ro/english/jurisprudenta-it-romania/decizii-cedo/copland-vs.-united-kingdom-echr-case-law.html

Vermeulen, Mathias (2009) UN Special Rapporteur Releases Report on the Role of Intelligence Agencies in the Fight Against Terrorism. 27 Feb 2009. Online available at  http://legalift.wordpress.com/2009/02/27/un-special-rapporteur-releases-report-on-the-role-of-intelligence-agencies-in-the-fight-against-terrorism/ 

Recent Case Law on Asylum and Immigration (2008) Migration Watch.

UK ASYLUM LAW and PROCESS in the human rights law [3.1.6] section of the guide: 3.1.6|1 the IMPACT of HUMAN RIGHTS LAW; and 3.1.6|2 USEFUL RESOURCES (ICAR) 2008. Online available at http://www.icar.org.uk/7013/31-law-and-process/316-human-rights-law.html

Threats due to weather include floods, earthquakes, hurricanes, tornadoes and blizzards. Planning for weather events should be very realistic in nature. Major weather events usually occur in 25, 50 and 100-year cycles. Disease outbreaks are also a big threat. A potential flu pandemic could be detrimental to many businesses. For example, the bird flu pandemic scenarios that are floating around are being modeled on the Spanish flu pandemic of 1918. That global outbreak killed 500,000 people in the United States and more than 20 million people worldwide. Since that time there have been two other smaller scale flu pandemics, each that killed hundreds of thousands of people. The flu is just one disease that can cause a business disaster situation around the world (Business Continuity during a Disaster, 2008).

ecent years have also shown that terrorism threats are a real possibility that needs to be considered. Terrorism is a great…

References

Aceh Post-Tsunami Reconstruction: Lessons Learned Two Years on. (2006). Retrieved

September 22, 2009, from the World Bank Web site:

http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/NEWS/0,,contentMDK:21164835~pag ePK:64257043~piPK:437376~theSitePK:4607,00.html

Amato-McCoy, Deena M. (2006). Planning for Continuity. Retrieved September 23, 2009, from Bank Systems and Technology Web site:

United Nations - the UN has been effective

The UN has succeeded in some of its international responsibilities but has failed in others; and according to the UN Charter the UN may not intervene in matters essentially within the domestic jurisdiction of any state

The UN has achieved many "remarkable accomplishments" (Encarta.msn.com)

The UN has negotiated 172 peace settlements that ended regional conflicts

The UN has participated in more than 300 international treaties

The UN's "Universal Declaration of Human Rights" (adopted in 1948) has been helpful in raising the consciousness of the need for human rights

Over 3 million children a year have been saved from polio, measles, whooping cough, tuberculosis thanks to immunization programs by the UN Children's Fund (UNICEF)

The UN promotes worker's rights and improves agricultural techniques in developing countries

TO: UN has success in Libya (Christian Science Monitor)

The UN Security Council unanimously awarded Libya's seat…

Works Cited

Background on the United Nations 2008. Accomplishments of the United Nations. Encarta Encyclopedia. Retrieved March 13, 2013, from http://encarta.msn.com.

Boot, Max. 2000. Paving the Road to Hell: The Failure of U.N. Peacekeeping. Foreign Affairs.

Retrieved March 13, 2013, from http://www.foreignaffaird.com. (March): 1-3.

Charbonneau, Louis. 2012. Analysis: U.N. confronts failure of diplomacy in Syria. Reuters.

Direct IMPACT that Catholic Voices had on the media contributing to the perceived success of the Pope's visit in 2010 amidst the volatile negative climate surrounding the Catholic Church in that year

Even if people are interested in knowing about various religions and getting inspired from them, a lot many get put off from the topic when religious intolerance begets riots and uproars in a city, an instance that was observed in America when the issue of burning the Korans arose. Also, the issue of the New York Islamic centre sparked a number of controversies (Ingebretsen, 2005). One way that the Catholic Church and Pope have been able to avoid such criticism in the past is by befriending the media. One of the most recent examples of this is the formation of the group -- Catholic Voices -- the primary purpose and objective of this group was to "amplify the…

References

Catholic Voices Official Website (2010). Accessed on March 12, 2011 from http://www.catholicvoices.org.uk/home

Angela Ann Zukowski and Pierre Be ' langer (ed.) Radio Presence. A Collection of International Stories & Experiences (Brussels, 2000). See articles such as: Radio vs. dictators, Unda Newsletter, x (5) (Brussels, June 1966), 1, about the role of Radio Soleil in Haiti against Jean Claude Duvalier. The same can be found in the Philippines (against Marcos) and in Peru (against Fujimori).

Bolivia. 50 an " os de Radio Pi ' o XII o el Indio-Radio, SIGNIS Media, (2), 24 -- 25 (Brussels, 2007). Costa Rica. Treinta an " os de radio cultural por los campesinos, SIGNIS Media, (2) (Brussels, 2007), 24.

Convents, G. And Beeck, T.V. 2009. FORUM DOCUMENTING CATHOLIC MEDIA ACTIVITIES ALL OVER THE WORLD: THE SIGNIS, OCIC AND UNDA ARCHIVES. Historical Journal of Film, Radio and Television Vol. 29, No. 1, March, pp. 113 -- 121

Diversity Consciousness

Expanding Diversity Consciousness

Diversity can be viewed in many ways and it can be experienced in both outer and inner phenomena. We find that diversity of people is present in our dreams, feelings, states, religions, thoughts, ethnicities, ages, political views, sexual orientations and physical abilities. A life can become more sustainable and richer through these differences. We all know that there is not one kind of vegetable, person or point-of-view. In simple words diversity can be defined as a welcoming attitude and an integration of diverse people and elements. This research paper is based on learning, identifying and evaluating diversity practices in any place. I want to explore how the environment and places help people to create and compare their intended purposes.

Expanding Diversity Consciousness

Introduction

Every state or a country has some ethnic minorities. These minorities are basically the groups that differ in their language, religion or…

References

Bestelmeyer, B.T., Miller, J.R., & Wiens, J.A. (2007). Applying Species Diversity Theory to Land Management. Ecological Applications, 13, 1750-1761.

Cox, T., & Nkomo, S.M. (1990). Invisible men and women: a status report on race as a variable in organization behavior research. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 11, 419-431.

Harrison, D.A., Price, K.H., & Bell, M.P. (1998). Beyond relational demography: time and the effects of surface- and deep-level diversity on work group cohesion. Academy of Management Journal, 41, 96-107.

Janofsky, M. (2005). Gay Rights Battlefields Spread to Public Schools. Retrieved July 21, 2012, from  http://www.nytimes.com/2005/06/09/education/09clash.html?pagewanted=all

The USA Patriot Act: This was a law that was passed after September 11th. It is giving the police and intelligence officials the power to go after terrorists organizations easier. As it lifted various Constitutional protections when investigating these offenses.

Counter Terrorism: These are the activities that: federal, state and local officials are taking to prevent future terrorist attacks.

Weapons of Mass Destruction (WMD): These are weapons designed to inflict large amounts of casualties. These include: chemical, radiological, biological and nuclear.

These different terms are important, because they will help to avoid confusion and will focus the reader on understanding the overall scope of the problem.

Limitations of the Study

The limitations of the study are that the information we are presenting, could be pointing out a number of different problems. Yet, beneath the surface they are failing to identify possible changes that could have already been implemented by federal…

Bibliography

39% Say Government. (2011). Rasmussen Reports. Retrieved from:  http://www.rasmussenreports.com/public_content/politics/general_politics/march_2011/39_say_government_not_focusing_enough_on_threat_of_domestic_islamic_terrorism 

Al Shabaab American Recruits. (2010). ADL. Retrieved from:  http://www.adl.org/main_Terrorism/al_shabaab_american_recruits.htm 

Comparative Analysis. (2011). Business Dictionary. Retrieved from:  http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/comparative-analysis.html 

Jose Padilla. (2009). New York Times. Retrieved from:  http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/p/jose_padilla/index.html

Buddhism, religion and philosophy founded in India c.525 B.C. By Siddhartha Gautama, called the Buddha. There are over 300 million Buddhists worldwide. One of the great world religions, it is divided into two main schools: the Theravada or Hinayana in Sri Lanka and SE Asia, and the Mahayana in China, Mongolia, Korea, and Japan. A third school, the Vajrayana, has a long tradition in Tibet and Japan. Buddhism has largely disappeared from its country of origin, India, except for the presence there of many refugees from the Tibet region of China and a small number of converts from the lower castes of Hinduism ("Buddhism").

Buddhism is a blend of philosophy, religious belief and educational principles that focuses on personal spiritual development. Although the distinction may be somewhat blurred, strictly speaking, Buddhists do not worship gods or deities, and the Golden Buddha's people pray to are supposed to be merely aids…

Works Cited

"Buddhism." Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th Edition (2009): 1. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 18 Sept. 2010.

"BUDDHISM." The Essentials of Philosophy and Ethics. Abingdon: Hodder Education, 2006. Credo Reference. Web. 17 Sept. 2010.

Jacobson, Doranne. "Buddhism and meditation." Calliope 5.4 (1995): 40. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 18 Sept. 2010.

Van Biema, David, Jeanne McDowell, and Richard N. Ostling. "Buddhism in America. (cover story)." Time International (South Pacific Edition) 49 (1997): 50. MasterFILE Premier. EBSCO. Web. 17 Sept. 2010.

Yet it is somewhat biased, due to the author being a strict fundamentalist.

Said, Edward. "The Clash of Definitions." Emran Qureshi & Michael a. Sells, eds. The New Crusades: Constructing the Muslim Enemy. New York: Columbia University Press, 2003, 70-80.

This essay presents a very divergent viewpoint as compared to that of political theorist and practitioner Samuel P. Huntington whose views on the "Clash of Civilizations" is now being questioned and examined with much scrutiny. Along with the other essays, this book provides a wide range of viewpoints from all sectors of sociology, history and the humanities.

Spencer, Robert. Religion of Peace? Why Christianity Is and Islam Isn't. New York: Regnery Publishing, 2007

The main question posed in this book is which is the real "religion of peace," Christianity or Islam. However, after reading this work, it is clear that Spencer is biased toward Christianity, due in part to his…

Bibliography

Corbett, Julia M., Ed. The Coming Religious Wars. Boston: G.K. Hall, 2003

Although this topic has been discussed many times over past decades, Corbett has managed to provide a number of new viewpoints based on some very substantial scholarship and an examination of past religious wars, such as the Crusades and what she calls the coming war between Christianity and Islam, due to the events of 9/11 and the further actions of Al Queda and other terrorist groups.

Lewis, Bernard W. Islam and the West. UK: Oxford University Press, 2002

Islamic scholar and historian Bernard W. Lewis has put together a very interesting and viable collection of essays in this book, many of which explore the often overlooked heritage shared between Western culture and Islamic culture and how the histories of both cultures have become intertwined over the last two hundred years. These essays also focus on the current conflicts between the West and Islam and offer a number of viable solutions.

It has been reported that due to the economic disparity the available opportunities have been inaccessible for the minority groups, and therefore such initiatives are important to be formulated which facilitate the minority groups in their quest to reach the mark. Affirmative Action is incorporated once the society has failed to materialize the society value equality and fairness. Affirmative Action are installed only to regret the failure on the behalf of the state to ensure equality and justice to the people irrespective of the racial, sexual, ethnic and religious divisions, therefore the Affirmative Action has diluted the heavily concentrated ethnic and racial vigor, and has subdue the negative fallout of such practices. Affirmative Action has brought ultimate relief to those particular elements of the society which were previously ignored, and whose existence was previously deplored in the society. The American society has although benefit from the implementation of the Affirmative…

References

James P. Sterba. Affirmative Action around the World: An Empirical Study. New Haven & London: Yale University Press. Journal Title: Stanford Law Review. Volume: 57. Issue: 2. 2004

Ronald Dworkin. A Matter of Principle. McGraw-Hill. pp. 294-303. 1985.

Randall Kennedy. Persuasion and Distrust: A Comment on the Affirmative Action Debate. Thomson South-Western Publication. 1987. pp. 165-180

Jed Rubenfeld. Affirmative Action. Yale Law Journal. Volume: 107. Issue: 2. 1997. pp. 213-230. Yale University, School of Law Publication.

Social Justice

Improving social justice for women has been identified as one of the building blocks of social change. Population control, education, and the eradication of domestic violence are all interlinked. "UNICEF estimates that worldwide, some 117 million school-aged children do not attend school, 62 million of them girls. Attendance rates are lowest in sub-Saharan Africa, where only 57% of girls are in school, and just 15% of these go on to secondary school" (About us, 2011, Women's global education fund). Women's education is not simply a feminist issue. Higher rates of female education are linked to lower birth rates and better health outcomes for children as well as women.

Women who are educated are more empowered to take control over family planning and have more resources to take care of the children they do have. "Educated mothers limit their families," says Dr. Yasmin aashid, a leader in obstetrics and…

References

About us. (2011). Women's Global Education Project.

Retrieved August 23, 2011 at  http://www.womensglobal.org/About%20Us/about.html 

Domestic violence. (2011). American Congress of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG).

Retrieved August 23, 2011 at  http://www.acog.org/publications/patient_education/bp083.cfm

, 2009, p. 80). Even the smallest museums in some of the most out-of-the-way locations "can and do participate in the globalized arena," Holo explains. The leaders of these remote museums, for example the "indigenous communitarian museum leaders in the remote mountains of Oaxaca," who have zero staff, somehow go to meetings at very obscure locations, just to link up with others in the world of art (Holo, 80).

However, when globalization becomes what Holo calls "conventionalized homogenization," that is, everything in museums in remote places in the world become mirrors of "the estern perspective of modern art," there is a necessary response to that negative dynamic. That's not to say that militant nationalism automatically comes into play in this situation, but as Holo explains, globalization can bring "negative baggage" and when it does, as Manuel Borja-Ville explains (he is the director of the Reina Sofia, Spain's national museum of…

Works Cited

Gharebaghi, Ali-Asghar. The Globalization of Art? The Same Old Story? Tavoos

Online / Art Quarterly / Iran's First Bilingual Art Magazine. Retrieved October 6,

2011, from  http://www.tavoosonline.com . 2008.

Holo, Selma, and Alvarez, Mari-Tere. Beyond the Turnstile: Making the Case for Museums and Sustainable Values. Landham, MD: Rowman & Littlefield, 2009.

Theravada Buddhist & Mahayana Buddhist views Buddha. In essay, I a concept practice religious tradition compare/contrast a similar related concept practice religious tradition ( case comparison arhant Theravada Buddha bodhisshatva Mahayana Buddha).

"Thus have I heard"

Buddhism incorporates three traditions: Theravada or the Southern Tradition (spread in Sri Lanka, Cambodia, Thailand, Laos and Burma/Myanmar), Mahayana or the Northern Tradition (Tibet, China, Taiwan, Japan, Korea and Mongolia) and Vajrayana also known as the Tibetan Tradition.

We would be focusing mainly on studying several aspects of the Theravada and Mahayana schools. Each of these two- although both strongly rooted in the fundamental teachings of Buddha Siddhartha and focused on the liberation of an individual from the circle of Samsara (birth, death, rebirth)- contains methods and practices different from one another. To best illustrate the connections between the two traditions and also to see where exactly they take different paths, we would be…

References

Akira, H. (1990). A history of Indian Buddhism [From Sakyamuni to Early Mahayana]. United States of America, USA: University of Hawaii Press

Bullitt, J.T. (2005-2011). "What is Theravada Buddhism?" Retrieved from  http://www.accesstoinsight.org/lib/authors/bullitt/theravada.html 

Kung, C. (2001). Buddhism: The Awakening of Compassion and Wisdom. Retrieved from  http://www.abrc.org.au/page50.html 

Wangu, M.B. (2009). World religions. Buddhism, Fourth Edition. New York, NY: Chelsea House Publishers.

opportunities in Asia (South East and South Asia) are huge and so are the challenges

For the last decade the countries like Thailand, Malaysia, Singapore, Indonesia, Hong Kong and South Korea that collectively forms the part of South East Asia have registered consistent growth year after year making an impressive position in the economic development on the international level (Pempel, 1999). These countries have shown the growth in terms of Gross Domestic Product at an average rate of 6% to 9% annually. The dawn of 1997 has darkened the glory of these courtiers with a major slump in the economic conditions and financial development. Asian financial crisis that erupted in 1997 has miserably affected the local stock market and currency market of the Asian countries. The Stock market of these countries had declined by 70% and with the same figure the currency of has also depreciated against dollar, forcing them…

References

Allen, F, & Gale, D 2000, 'Financial contagion', Journal of Political Economy, vol. 108, no. 1, pp. 1 -- 33.

Brunnermeier, M 2009, ' Deciphering the liquidity and credit crunch 2007-2008', Journal of Economic Perspectives, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 77 -- 100.

Bulow, J, Geanakoplos, J, and Klemperer, P 1985, ' Multimarket oligopoly: strategic substitutes and strategic complements', Journal of Political Economy, vol. 93, pp. 488-511.

Burnside, C, Eichenbaum, M, & Rebelo, S 2008, 'Currency crisis models', New Palgrave Dictionary of Economics, 2nd ed.

Oil Price Fluctuation

Actions adopted by the government to reduce or limit price fluctuation

Oil Price Fluctuation iii

This report will focus on the actions adopted by the government to reduce the fluctuation in oil prices. A brief introduction is discussed in the assignment. The reasons are also described in the assignment for which the oil prices fluctuate. This assignment also puts light on the price stability and why governments need to intervene to reduce the volatility in oil prices. Strategies adopted by the government to stable the oil prices are also discussed.

easons of price fluctuation

Price stability

Government intervention to stable the oil prices

Energy conservation

Hedging

Strategic oil reserves

Adopt assistance

Conclusion

eferences

Actions adopted by the government to reduce or limit price fluctuation

Introduction

The prices of oil were increased in 2007 to 2008. The oil prices were highly fluctuating in 2007 between the months January…

References

Bacon, R. & Kajima, M. (2008) Coping with Oil Price Volatility. ESMAP p.1-174.

Conerly, B. (2013) Oil Price Forecast for 2013-2014: Falling Prices. Yahoo Inc. p.1-2.

European Central Bank (2007) Price stability: why is it important for you? P.1-87.

Gillman, T. (2008) Why Oil and Gas Prices Fluctuate. Yahoo Inc. p.1-3.

AustralianHE

'How to Effectively Market and Manage Quality Australian International

Education'

A primary focus for the nearly half a million international students choosing to study in Australia each year seems to be on obtaining a higher education; oftentimes it is because they believe it is an investment in their own future. For the vast majority of these international students the hope is that their education will lead to improved employment opportunities and a higher quality lifestyle, either in Australia, another country, or after they return to their homeland. Interestingly enough, almost half of the surveyed higher education graduates and two thirds of VET graduates were living in Australia, with most either already having been granted permanent residency or hoping to obtain permanent residency status.

Graduates who were working in Australia had a slightly higher level of unemployment than those who returned home, although most were working or undertaking further study.…

References

Anctil, E.J.; (2008) Recommendations for selling higher education, ASHE Higher Education Report, Vol. 34, Issue 2, pp. 89-98

Australian Government (2009a). Transforming Australia's higher education system, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, Accessed on May 17, 2010 at website:  http://www.deewr.gov.au/HigherEducation/Documents/PDF/Additional%20Report%20-%20Transforming%20Aus%20Higher%20ED_webaw.pdf .

Belanger, C.; Mount, J.; Wilson, M.; (2002) Institutional image and retention, Tertiary Education and Management, Vol. 8, Issue 3, pp. 217 -- 230.

Bradley, D.; Noonan, P.; Nugent, H.; Scales, B.; (2008). Review of Australian higher education: Final report, Canberra: Commonwealth of Australia, accessed on May 18, 2011, http://www.deewr.gov.au/HigherEducation/Review/Documents/PDF/Higher%20Education%20Review_one%20document_02.pdf .

U.S. has not Signed the U.N. Convention Treaty on the ights of Children

This paper presents a detailed examination of the Treaty on the United Nations Convention on the ights of Children. The writer explores the treaty and the nations that have signed it. The writer than delves into some of the reasons the United States has not signed it. This paper is written from a legal standpoint therefore there are discussions about jurisdictional issues as well as other legal points of interest. There were five sources used to complete this paper.

Why the U.S. hasn't signed the U.N. Convention treaty on the ights of the Child

Worldwide globalization efforts are moving forward in almost all aspects of society. There are better communications abilities; more integrated business dealings and nations are beginning to embrace the traditions and cultures of those across the ocean. As the walls of difference come down…

Robert Dennis, U.S. should ratify children's treaty., The Dallas Morning News, 12-29-1997, pp 13A.

NICOLE WINFIELD, Associated Press Writer, UN Debates Childrens' Plight in War., AP Online, 08-25-1999.

Author not available, The world's children / / Why won't the U.S. sign their treaty?., Minneapolis Star Tribune, 11-20-1999, pp 26A.

history of events in the twentieth century, one might surmise that the twenty-first may not be all that different. Why? ecause human nature and the pursuit of self-interest has not changed from one century to the next. To explain what drives international relations, Joshua Goldstein provides a brief history of the world, in addition to information about the geographical features and the consequences of different nation's economies. (Goldstein, 2003) The beginning of the twentieth century was marked by relative peace in the world. The Franco-Prussian wars were at least three decades into the past. Nobody would envision that the worst horrors of a global scale wars were in the near future. In as much as Goldstein avers that the First World War was wholly unnecessary and it was, at least in its inception, a macho exercise (p. 37), one can believe that war is part of human nature.

After the…

Bibliography

Goldstein, J.S. International Relations. 5th ed. New York: Longman, 2003.

Tacitus, C., and Birley, A.R. Agricola; and Germany. Oxford; New York: Oxford University Press, 1999.

relationship exists between difference of religion and the occurrence of civil wars within societies. The relationship between religious groups to society can be defined against the backdrop of war. Powerful emotions surround both conflict and military conflict (Yinger, 1946). A direct relationship has been recognized for several year regarding religion and violence. Students of organized religion "have frequently pointed out the ease with which most church leaders shift, at the outbreak of war, from an explicit antiwar position to a vigorous pro-war policy" (Yinger, p. 176). However, despite the seemingly strong tie between religion and war, it is critical to also acknowledge that while religion seems a backdrop for many wars, many other factors have contributed as well. Political aspirations and agendas have had as much to do with war as religion. The complex intermingling of these many different factors will be explored in greater detail below.

ecent research suggests…

References

Allen, John L. (N.D.) "As Vatican Calls for Peace, diplomat plans defense of 'preventive war.' {Online} Available:  http://www.natcath.com/NCR/Online/archives/013103/013103j.htm 

Armstrong, K. (1991). "Peace in Palestine." Holy War. New York: Doubleday. p4.

Clausewitz, Carl Von. (1992). "What is War?" On War (Princeton, NJ: Princeton University Press, 1976). 75-89; excerpt reprinted in U.S. Army Command and General Staff College, C610 Syllabus/Book of Readings. 205011. Fort Leavenworth: USACGSC, July 1992.

Chandler, D.G. (1996). "The English Civil Wars, 'Islam vs. Christianity'." Atlas of Military Strategy. Boston: Sterline Publishing Company. Pp.30-33., 54-55

Cyber Terrorism

Terrorism has become the most heatedly discussed and debated subject in social and political circles. In fact these days, this one issue has been dominating all other national and international problems. This is because on the one hand, we have just been witness to world's worst and probably the most sophisticated terrorist acts when airplanes were used as missiles to hit the two most powerful buildings in the United States and on the other hand, terrorism is spreading so fast that there appears to be no suitable and permanent solution to this problem.

Terrorism has turned into a national issue because on the one hand it is becoming more effective and lethal and on the other terrorists are now adopting newer and better tactics to meet their goals and objectives. After September 11, "President Bush, Vice President Cheney, and senior administration officials have alerted the public not only…

References

Joshua Green, The Myth of Cyberterrorism: There Are Many Ways Terrorists Can Kill You-Computers Aren't One of Them. Washington Monthly. Volume: 34. Issue: 11. November 2002. 8+.

John M. Deutch, Terrorism. Foreign Policy. Issue: 108. Fall 1997. 10+.

Peter Chalk, Grave New World. Forum for Applied Research and Public Policy. Volume: 15. Issue: 1. 2000. Page Number: 13.

Giles Trendle, Cyber Threat! Although There Were No Major Catastrophic Cyber Attacks during the War on Iraq, as Some Had Feared an Increase in Hostile Electronic Strikes Was Registered during the Term of the Conflict. The Middle East. June 2003. 38+.

Human Resources Management: How to Improve Minimum Wage Policy Management in Hong Kong

The objective of this research is to analyze the advantages and disadvantages of minimum wage legislation in Hong Kong. When hike minimum wage can help lower skilled worker. This study will conduct an evaluation of the minimum wage hiking and how it can help the lower skilled workers and will additionally compare benchmarking minimum wage legislation with other countries, for example the standard of minimum wage.

Following minimum wage legislation the primary problems that employers and employees faced included for employers the turnover rate of lower-wage workers and how to reduce the cost of training that affects the quality of service and the working attitude and behavior of employee lack of enthusiasm. For employees problems included the increase in the unemployment rate and reduction in fringe benefits including such as medical insurance. Included in this study will…

Bibliography

Blundell, R., and H. Reed, 2000. The Employment Effects of the Working Families Tax Credit. Institute for Fiscal Studies Briefing Note No. 6, April.

Advisory, Conciliation and Arbitration Service, 2000. Annual Report 1999 -- 2000.October.

Bartlett, B., 2000. The Verdict on the Minimum Wage: Guilty on All Counts. Economic Affairs. September.

Bartwell, R., 2000. Age Structure and the UK Unemployment Rate. Bank of England Working Paper 124.

international emphasis on education, including the study of languages and foreign cultures, is today still very limited and biased, creating a gap between the job skills and competencies acquired during studies and the international component increasingly present in every work environment, where the young graduate will have to travel or relate to foreign clients, suppliers and several stakeholders. De Wit, Jaramillo, and Knight (2005) report that the development of advanced communication, new technology, increased labor mobility, market economy and trade liberalization, increased private investment, decreased support of higher education, and the development of lifelong learning, are all key drivers for universities to have to internationalize their curricula. They also add that on the government side, the only attention given to this need is for educational programs preparing for government departments, and not for business and the industry at large. Therefore, it is evident that with an increasing global environment, the…

Bibliography

Glaser, B.G. And Strauss, A.L., (1967), The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies for Qualitative Research, Chicago: Aldine

Pattameak, J. (2009) EMPLOYERS' EXPECTATIONS AND PERCEPTIONS OF TOURISM Vol. 5 No. 4 June 2009 Pp. 306-321.

Perron, R. (2011) The 8th SMEs in a Global Economy Conference 2011: " Rising to the Global Challenge: Entrepreneurship and SMEs development in Asia " Retrieved from:  http://assets.aarp.org/rgcenter/econ/finding-training-keeping-qualified-workers.pdf 

Glaser, B.G. (1978) Advances in The Methodology of Grounded Theory, Sociology Press, Mill Valley, CA.

" (Simon, 188) the fundamental perspective here is that leadership and the ability to apply actions based on culturally driven decisions are central to helping members of the organization learn in a concrete manner how best to accord with the reigning culture.

In order for this to occur though, there must be a certain initial scrutiny and selectiveness where leadership and personnel are concerned, endorsing an organization-wide emphasis on the quality of personnel. This implicitly brings us to consideration of the application phase in terms of learning organizational culture, which is inevitably associated to all actionable aspects of an organization's structure and operations. The correlation between recruitment, personnel makeup and leadership personalities is perhaps threaded by the common string of day-to-day responsibility within an organizational culture. And quite certainly, we see the stamp of organizational culture on so many of the most important applicable indicators. Schein, to this end, points…

References

Arnold, J., Cooper, C. & Robertson, I.T. (1995). Work psychology: Understanding human behavior in the workplace, Pitman Publishing, London.

Beer, M. & Walton, E. (1990). Developing the competitive organization: interventions and strategies. American Psychologists, 45(22), 154-161.

Bennis, W., & Nanus, B. (1985). Leaders: The strategies for taking charge. Harper and Row, New York.

Bowditch, J.L. & Buono, a.F. (1994). A primer on organizational behavior. John Wiley and Sons Inc. New York.

The Egyptian King Faud (1922-36) repeatedly disbanded popularly elected afd governments, despite huge majorities, due to their distinctly nationalist platform. The fickleness of the British position is exemplified by their later coercion of King Farouk (1936-52) to appoint an enfeebled afd government due to their need for a neutral Egypt during the Second orld ar. This intense irony does not detract from the fact that the monarchs in Egypt and Iraq were very powerful political actors but were 'so closely associated with the structures of colonialization that they did not outlast them' (Owen 1992, 19). The British imperialists exploited the constitutional power of the King to dismiss any elected government of nationalists 'that threatened to tear up or amend the arrangements…defining Britain's rights' (Owen 1992, 19). Hence, once again, diminishing the authority of the regime they installed and creating a lack of respect for lawfully elected governments.

Pan-Arabism Causes Conflict…

Works Cited

Anderson, L. "The State in the Middle East and North Africa." Comparative Politics 20, no. 1 (1987): 1-18.

Ayubi, N. Over-stating the Arab State. London: Tauris, 1995.

Batutu, H. "Of the Diversity of Iraqis, the Incohesiveness of their Society, and their Progress in the Monarchic Period toward a Consolidated Political Structure." In The Modern Middle East: A Reader, by A. Hourani. London: Tauris, 1993.

Beinin, J, and Z. Lockman. Workers on the Nile. London: Tauris, 1988.

Despite these constraints, China does in fact have an impressive transportation infrastructure already, and China's rankings relative to the rest of the world in various transportation infrastructure categories is provided in Table 1 below.

Table 1

Current Status of China's Transportation Infrastructure

Infrastructure Category

Statistics/Current Status

World Rank

Airports

15

Railways

77,834 km

3

Roadways

3,583,715 km (includes 53,913 km of expressways)

2

Waterways

110,000 km navigable

1

Merchant marine

1,826

3

Ports and terminals

Dalian, Guangzhou, Ningbo, Qingdao, Qinhuangdao, Shanghai, Shenzhen, Tianjin (see map at Appendix a)

Source: China, 2010

The network of paved highways and roads that extends throughout China, though, is not the same type of national and unified transportation system that exists in the U.S., Japan and Europe that are characterized by uniform standards and regulatory guidelines and many of the roadways are in bad condition [10]. Notwithstanding the current state of the roadways throughout China,…

Bibliography." The American Journal of Economics and Sociology 65(3):

751-753.

[10]

Tian, R.G. & Wang, C.H. (2010). Encyclopedia of the Nations. Retrieved from http://www. nationsencyclopedia.com/economies/Asia-and-the-Pacific/China.html.

[11]

He writes, "The rise of the radical Right after the First World War was undoubtedly a response to the danger, indeed to the reality, of social revolution and working-class power in general, to the October revolution and Leninism in particular" (Hobsbawm 124). The right-wing backlash against labor unions was crucial in setting up the rise of those fascist leaders who would be responsible for initiating the Second World War. As such it was partially responsible for creating the conditions for violence, but also, later, for unification between anti-fascist forces to defeat them. Socialist resistance to fascism was always strong, starting out peacefully until "resistance to fascism which did not envisage the use of arms could not succeed" (Hobsbawm 152). They were not that successful and went against the Stalin's Soviet view of a symbiotic alliance between capitalism and communism against fascism. Yet paradoxically, it was the strength of communism coming…

Bibliography

Hobsbawm, Eric. The Age of Extremes: A History of the World, 1914-1991. New York: Vintage Books, 1996.

The seeking of salvation is an admission of ignorance while authority-based communication is an assertion of knowledge. The two are incompatible.

Instead, communication has to be understanding-based. All communication should recognize the suffering of the human beings and have the aim of discovering the nature of that suffering, to understand that suffering. Christians have heard it in the Prayer of Saint Francis, which reads: "..grant that I may not so much seek to be consoled as to console; to be understood, as to understand..."

Even secular thinkers understand this concept, as demonstrated by popular Personal Development guru Stephen Covey's principle of "Seek First to Understand, Then Be Understood."

In understanding-based communication, disagreements would no longer express judgment and authority, but trust and compassion. Trust that the other person has your best interests at heart and compassion for the other person who shares your suffering. Although doctrine and theology will inevitably…

References

Majesty and Meekness: A Comparative Study of Contrast and Harmony in the Concept of God, Craman.

Understanding Buddhism, Jacobson.

Buddhism and the Contemorary World, Jacobson

Beyond Ideology: Religion and the Future of Western Civilization, Smart

d.).

Socio-Cultural Environment

Home to the world's tenth largest economy and second largest population, India defies swift generalization. It includes a vast range of developmental situations, cultures, languages, and climates. The country remains largely rural, with just 26% of its people living in cities. Yet in 1995 it had over 30 cities of one million or more residents, including three of the world's 20 largest cities -- Bombay, Calcutta, and Delhi -- according to United Nations estimates (The Anguish of India, 1997).

Currently Indian labor laws, regulations, and workforce standards are very outdated. India is plagued with corruption. India has been ranked 9th in a list of 75 countries where dishonest practices are common, which is indeed an uncertain distinction. The corruptions, delays, bureaucratic red tape, and archaic labor laws are ingrained in India's business culture. These pitfalls have deterred foreign investors from investing in India (Stokes, 2003).

From the…

References

"Background Note: India," 2010, viewed 23 August 2010,

Chennai, Matrade, 2005, "Product Market Study: Consumer Behavior in India," viewed 23 August 2010,

Das Gupta, Aruna, 2007, "Social responsibility in India towards global compact approach." International Journal of Social Economic, 34(9), 637-663.

"Doing Business in India.," n.d., viewed 24 August 2010,

Some type Government involvement and regulation, Nguyen (2009) asserts, proves critical to helping ensure the private sector r thrives. Many of world's leading economies concur that Governments must be involved to best manage their country's economy.

Control, however, needs to extend beyond the control and regulation of the private sector per se. For the country's overall development, the better process includes the synergies of both private and public sectors being harnessed. The private sector, for example trials the government in wind power and solar power projects. Government authorities, albeit, cannot finance these efforts on their own. As the quote introducing the review of literature asserts, when the public and private sector partner, this proves to be the way forward.

The basic premise behind public-private partnerships is a division of resources and expertise. One sector alone might not be able to handle a particular project on its own, which calls for…

REFERENCES

Buxbaum, Jeffrey N., Ortiz, Iris N., National Research Council (U.S.), National Cooperative

Highway Research Program, American Association of State Highway and Transportation

Officials, United States, & Federal Highway Administration. (2009). Public sector decision making for public-private partnerships. Transportation Research Board.

Washington D.C.: Transportation Research Board

' Indians across the political spectrum, especially the country's powerful nuclear weapons establishment, are critical of the NPT, arguing that it unfairly warps international hierarchies to the disadvantage of the non-nuclear-weapon states" (1998:15). In its efforts to balance the pressures from the international community with its own self-interests in formulating foreign policies, the position adopted by India has been starkly different than other countries. In this regard, Karp concludes that, "Most states party to the NPT accept the unfairness of the treaty as a tradeoff that serves their own and global interests. India's leaders insist that fair and genuine nuclear disarmament must start with the nuclear-weapon states themselves, a demand formalized by former Prime Minister ajiv Gandhi in his 1990 global nuclear disarmament initiative" (Karp 1998:14).

As a result of these events, the 20th century witnessed the formation of various positions in Indian foreign policy that would endure throughout the…

References

Berlin, D.L. 2006 "India in the Indian Ocean." Naval War College Review 59(2): 58-59.

Chollett, D. & Lindberg, T. 2007 "A Moral Core for U.S. Foreign Policy." Policy Review 146: 3-

4.

Davis, C.B. & Rill, L.A. 2008 "Testing the Second Level of Agenda Setting: Effects of News

Benazir Bhutto: The first and only female leader of Pakistan, Bhutto was a strong political figure and fighter for freedom and women's rights in Pakistan and other Muslim countries. Exiled and brought back by popular demand, she was assassinated in 2007.

Mo Yan: Mo Yan is an incredibly prolific and respected author in modern China, whose works are largely concerned with social commentary. He was formerly a soldier in the People's Army and is a member of the ruling Communist Party.

Khmer Rouge: The followers of Pol Pot and the Communist Party in Kampuchea (now Cambodia) were known as the Khmer Rouge. The regime is noted for the massive human rights violations and state-sponsored murders in the guise of social engineering.

Nigeria and Biafra: Biafra was a secessionist state in Nigeria populated largely by the Ibo people. The secession of te state, which was recognized by several neighboring African countries,…

Then in 1949, China was liberated and the state controlled by Mao Zedong, took over all music and artistic activities. Mao made great efforts to change musical traditions which he had associated with the older, defeated Chinese society. Promoted revolutionary songs and "Yangko Plays," (Yu un 1991). He moved the traditional away from professionalism, and towards exploring the life of the proletariat, the common people. Mao then allowed ussian influences to permeate into Chinese cultural traditions based on the nature of communism in the Soviet Union. Communism forced music like you would force production. Mao basically destroyed creative expression, all music other than state approved works were banned Popular musical developments were still occurring in British held Hong Kong, where the 1950s saw movements of Chinese ock and oll based on its Western influences (Wong 2000). Yet, it is clear that the music being handed down by the generations in…

References

During, Jean. 1982. "Music, Poetry and the Visual Arts in Persia." In The World of Music, 24(1). pages 72-84.

Nelson, Kristina. 1982. "Reciter and Listener: Some Factors Shaping the Mujawwad Style of Qur'anic Reciting." In Ethnomusicology 26(1). pages 41-47.

Nueman, Daniel M. 1985. "Indian Music as a Cultural System." Asian Music 17(1). pp.98-113.

Nueman, Daniel. 1989. "Music." The Cambridge Encyclopedia of India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Bhutan and the Maldives Francis Robinson, ed. Cambridge University Press. (pp.445-8).

S. domestic carriers are at period in the industry's history when these factors are already beleaguered by downturns in the global economy, increasing competition from international carriers, and the aforementioned high costs of energy.

Chapter 2: The Impact of Open Skies Agreements on Domestic and International Carriers

Under an open skies agreement, both signatories to the agreement enjoy open access to international airline routes between the two countries as well as eliminating virtually all domestic restrictions on international carriers (Lick, 1998). In an effort to develop more closely integrated pricing and route schedules, signatories to these agreements typically also seek to gain immunity from national antitrust laws (Commercial aviation: Legacy airlines must further reduce costs to restore profitability, 2004). The U.S. Department of Transportation reviews these types of airline alliances from an antitrust perspective and refuses to approval an alliance without a reciprocal open skies agreement with the foreign airline's…

References

Baker, C. (2004, March 1). Air France-KLM approved; competition regulators in Brussels have approved Air France's takeover of KLM, deciding the consumer comes out of the deal as a net winner. Washington also says it will not oppose the deal. Airline Business, 9.

Bilotkach, V. (2002). Asymmetric regulation and airport dominance in international aviation:

Evidence from the London-New York market. Southern Economic Journal, 74(2), 505-

Doganis, R. (2002). Flying off course: The economics of international airlines. London:

Phyllis Jay briefly touches on the subject of primates swimming in the book Behavior of Nonhuman Primates; in discussing the habitat of African monkeys, Jay writes (Jay, 1965, p. 535) that the "…distribution of arboreal monkeys is restricted by open, relatively treeless areas" and "rivers are barriers to arboreal monkeys but not to terrestrial forms, many of which swim" (Jay, p. 535).

"Long-tailed macaques are excellent swimmers, and this may be a predator avoidance technique," writes the University of isconsin's Kristina Cawthon Lang in Primate Factsheet. If the long-tailed macaque is threatened by a feral dog, raptor, python, monitor lizard or large cat, the macaque simply drops into the water and swims to safety (Lang, 2006).

In its "Science & Nature: Animals" section, the British Broadcasting Company (BBC) published a story on the Long-tailed Macaque: "Long-tailed macaques swim well and jump into the water from nearby trees" (BBC).

In his…

Works Cited

Ankel-Simons, Friderun. (2007). Primate Anatomy: An Introduction. St. Louis:

Academic Press.

British Broadcasting Company. (2007). Long-tailed macaque, crab-eating monkey, Java

Monkey, cynomolgus monkey. Retrieved June 5, 2009, from  http://www.bbc.co.uk /nature/wildfacts/factfiles/210.shtml.

Soccer balls can be made of rubber or leather; to develop soccer skills a regular ball is not required. For a European nation to develop into a football playing or football loving nation, the country has to develop the sport at the grassroots. It seems to be too much effort for countries that already have an established interest in several different sports.

The sports that come close to football are rugby, which is played in Europe and many other parts of the world and Australian ules football, otherwise known as footie. Both sports require far less infrastructure than football. Only a specific kind of ball is required. Both rugby and footie does not use specialized protective equipment. Most other countries also play basketball, the European nations play hockey and a few nations even play baseball. But none of these sports require the specialized infrastructure of football.

Quality of Players

In…

References

http://www.essortment.com/all/americanfootbal_rwff.htm>Essortment.com. "American Football History." 2009. April 10, 2009.

The possibility that such attention was paid to these event in earlier times in European cultures is obvious but absent from modern representations of rites of passage. What can be interesting is the correlation between the two rites of passage discussed here, the "sweet 16" party and the Quinceanera and their similarities to weddings. Because weddings are expected to be delayed, more so in U.S. culture but also in Mexican and other cultures, as a mark of good judgment some rites of passage and especially those for girls seem to have become mirrors or proxy weddings, where massive expenses are sometimes incurred and dress is decidedly formal.

It must first be understood that the quinceaneras is actually a religious rite performed in conjunction with a special mass in the oman Catholic Church as well a blessing and a group of ceremonies for the 15-year-old girl, 15 of her friends and/or…

References

Arriagada, I. (2006). Changes and Inequality in Latin American Families. Journal of Comparative Family Studies, 37(4), 511.

Baker, V.J. (2000). 4 Ritual Practice in a Sinhalese Village: Coping with Uncertainty. In the Nature and Function of Rituals: Fire from Heaven, Heinze, R. (Ed.) (pp. 59-79).

Fay, T.J. (2005). From the Tropics to the Freezer: Filipino Catholics Acclimatize to Canada, 1972-2002. 29.

Grimes, R.L. (2000). Deeply into the Bone: Re-Inventing Rites of Passage. Berkeley, CA: University of California Press.

Over the year, the organization built 1,800 multi-purpose geodesic domes, for the Afghan refugees. Later, they would establish factories in both Pakistan and Afghanistan, to manufacture concrete roof beams, as well as other housing components, facilitating the rebuilding of not only homes, but entire communities as well. The Gulf ar resulted in millions of Kurds fleeing their homes, and once again Shelter for Life saw an opportunity to help others in need. Responding to the turmoil of the Iraqi people, Shelter for Life became an international NGO.

History"). Funding for Shelter for Life projects comes from a variety of sources including private donations, collaborations with other NGOs, such as Habitat for Humanity, religious organizations, humanitarian organizations, and governmental agencies ("Partners").

Randall Olson is the current President and Chief Executive Officer for Shelter for Life. Highly qualified, Olson received his B.A. In Linguistics and South and Southwest Asian Studies, his M.A.…

Works Cited

Capacity. 2008. Shelter for Life. December 6, 2008. http://www.shelter.org/org/capacity.php.

FAQ. 2008. Shelter for Life. December 6, 2008. http://www.shelter.org/org/faq.php.

Habitat for Humanity Fact Sheet. 2008. Habitat for Humanity. December 6, 2008.  http://www.habitat.org/how/factsheet.aspx .

History. 2008. Shelter for Life. December 6, 2008. http://www.shelter.org/org/history.php.

.. carved out caves for Buddhist monk worship, lavishly subsidized the order's work, and even arrogated to himself the chore of preventing schisms in Buddhism" (67). His examples include charity and erecting hospitals for men and animals. (Albinski 68-9) Chodorow maintains that Asoka's example "enhanced the prestige of Buddhism" (Chodorow 146). It should be noted that Asoka was a "pragmatist" (147). He did "not abolish capital punishment. His official policy was one of religious tolerance as appropriate for a far-flung empire inhabited by many different communities"(147). His was a different plan of conquest, as it involved religion and general good will toward others. According to Israel Selvanayagam, Asoka's dharma is twofold. One aspect is "practical, concerning interpersonal relationships and emphasizing the duties of each individual at home and in security; the other is doctrinal in a general sense and includes a special concern for sanctity of animals, toleration of other…

Works Cited

Albinski, Henry. "The Place of the Emperor Asoka in Ancient Indian Political Thought." JSTOR Resource Database. Site Accessed May 20, 2008.  http://www.jstor.org 

Boorstin, Daniel. The Discoverers. New York: Random House. 1983.

Chodorow, Stanley, et al. A History of the World. San Diego: Harcourt Brace Javonovich, Publishers. 1986.

Craig, Albert, et al. The Heritage of World Civilizations: Combined Edition. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. 2002.