Indeed, AIDS is nowadays a global concern and it reaches the entire public. No one can actually feel secure from the illness. However, we may also notice that the article is pretty basic, giving out primary information, which may induce us to believe that it is rather directed towards teenagers or people with lesser knowledge on AIDS.
3. "Identification of Herpesvirus-Like DNA Sequences in AIDS-Associated Kaposi's Sarcoma" from Science (16 December 1994
The first observation that needs to be made here is that the language used is very technical: many terms from chemistry, biology and anatomy. This is quite clear from the very beginning, when the author mentions among the agents suspect of causing Kaposi's sarcoma things like "cytomegalovirus, hepatitis B virus or human herpes virus 6."
Further more, the tone used throughout the paper is extremely precise and scientific, as it describes chemical reactions used to identify certain DNA sequences and…...
Enhancing Oral Language and Vocabulary Through Effective Teaching Methods
Introduction
Teaching oral language and vocabulary is crucial for the overall cognitive development of students. As educators, it is our responsibility to provide students with the necessary tools to effectively communicate and comprehend language. The ability to articulate thoughts, engage in discussion, and understand vocabulary are essential skills that not only benefit students academically but also in their personal and professional lives.
Effective teaching of oral language and vocabulary involves a variety of strategies and techniques. One of the key methods is to provide students with ample opportunities for speaking and listening practice. This can be achieved through structured activities such as debates, role-plays, and group discussions. By actively engaging in conversations, students are able to improve their fluency and confidence in using language.
Another important aspect of teaching oral language and vocabulary is the explicit instruction of vocabulary words. Educators can introduce new words…...
mlaReferences
Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2002). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction. Guilford Press.
Gillanders, C., & Castro, D. C. (2011). Storybook reading for young dual language learners. Young Children, 66(1), 91-95.
Graves, M. F., August, D., & Mancilla-Martinez, J. (2013). Teaching vocabulary to English language learners. Teachers College Press.
Hart, B. & Risley, T. R. (1995). Meaningful differences in the everyday experience of young American children. Paul H Brookes Publishing.
231) Yet, research recently has stated findings that "non-mnemonic semantic elaboration methods" are more effective that the mnemonic keyword technique on lexical retention for L2.
VIII. Differentiation of Mnemonic and Non-mnemonic Elaboration Techniques
Mnemonic and non-mnemonic elaboration techniques are differentiated by the manner of association of new words with previous knowledge in that: "mnemonic elaboration techniques establish this connection through verbal and visual imagery" however, the elaboration of non-mnemonic techniques makes this connection through use of semantic characteristics and may be through the organization of a list of scrambled words known as the 'ordering method' or through generation of sentences with the target word in a manner that the inference of the word can be made by the sentence or the 'sentence writing method'. (Sagarra and Alba, 2006, p. 231)
Furthermore, the connection can be made through construction of a diagram displaying the target word's semantic association known as the 'semantic mapping method.…...
mlaBibliography
Sagarra, Nuria and Alba, Matthew (2006) the Key Is in the Keyword: L2 Vocabulary Learning Methods With Beginning Learners of Spanish. The Modern Language Journal
Volume 90 Issue 2, Pages 228-2431 June 2006.
Article Review
Vocabulary Acquisition in ESOL Students
English as foreign/second language (EFL/ESL) classrooms widely neglected the area of vocabulary, until lately. Grammar lessons are founded on a collection of rules having coherent structure, expected to be remembered or followed by students. However, the same doesn't hold true when it comes to vocabulary (Jeff, 2010). In the past few years, this area of English learning has gained importance as a necessary component to be learned by ESL students. It is believed by many to be just as crucial as reading, speaking, writing, and listening (Jeff, 2010). Work of different researchers state that knowledge of vocabulary aids language use, which in turn helps expand vocabulary knowledge, while knowledge about the world leads to increased language use and vocabulary knowledge (p. 6). The above contextualized outlook towards vocabulary learning will aid students in expanding their vocabulary by means of authentic communication (Jeff, 2010).
Of all languages, English…...
mlaReferences
Adel M. Alharbi. (2015). Building Vocabulary for Language Learning: Approach for ESL Learners to Study New Vocabulary. Journal of International Students. ISSN: 2162-3104 Print / ISSN: 2166-3750 Online Volume 5, Issue 4, pp. 501-511
August, D., & Shanahan, T. (Eds.). (2006). Developing literacy in second-language learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth Mahwah, New Jersey: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
ERIC Clearinghouse on Languages and Linguistics. (1992). Myths and misconceptions about second language learning. ERIC Digest. Washington, DC: Author. Retrieved May 22, 2007, from http://eric.ed.gov/ERICDocs/data/ericdocs2/content_storage_01/0000000b/80/2a/1d/2b.pdf
Francis, D. J., Rivera, M., Lesaux, N., Keiffer, M., & Rivera, H. (2006). Practical guidelines for the education of English language learners: Research-based recommendations for instruction and academic interventions. Portsmouth, NH: Center on Instruction. Retrieved February 21, 2007, from Interventions.pdfhttp://www.centeroninstruction.org/files/ELL1 -
Music on Vocabulary ompetence, Writing, Reading omprehension and Motivation in English Language Learning in High-School
EFFETIVENESS OF MUSI ON VOABULARY
The Effectiveness of Music on Vocabulary ompetence, Writing, Reading omprehension and Motivation in English Language Learning in High-School
Most English language learners in high schools show poor vocabulary competence. The main reason for this is the limited level of exposure to the language. It is generally understood and practically acknowledged that words form the basic unit of language structure. Therefore lack of sufficient vocabulary constrains students from effectively communicating and freely expressing their ideas.
Vocabulary competence is critical to developing reading comprehension skills. Lack of vocabulary development is detrimental to the development of metacognitive skill that is important in comprehending advanced texts. omprehension is a major component of development of vocabulary, reading to learn. Therefore, reading comprehension it is quite challenging for students lacking adequate knowledge of meaning of words.
In addition, inadequate vocabulary…...
mlaChapter IV: Results and Evaluation
The main purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of using music on vocabulary competence, writing, reading comprehension and motivation in English Language Learning in High school students as a part of the learning process in the classroom. Many teachers of English as a second language as well as the learners consider vocabulary as a critical factor in learning the language. Therefore it is important to develop creative and interesting ways of teaching vocabulary in English class. A qualitative study was appropriate for the research for the reason that the objective was exploratory (Creswell, 1998). The significance that was recognized to the singularities of teaching was examined with hermeneutic methods (Creswell, 2002).
In order to give a reply to the answer of the three research questions, mean scores and standard deviations were computed for each of the two groups on each of the three dependent measures at the ending of study. All three of the dependent measures are considered to be the evaluation of the sight-reading, the evaluation of the playing abilit, and the
Math Vocabulary Literature Review
The nation's public and private school systems have demonstrated that there are far too many examples where large numbers of students do not positively excel. Unfortunately, math success has become one of the more obvious shortcomings of the educational system. "Mathematics education seems particularly prone to the belief in the single new idea: do this (whether using calculators, teaching mathematics through problem solving, working collaboratively, stressing the basics, employing manipulatives, and so on), and all your math problems will be solved." (Elliot, Portia C., 11) Obviously this is not the case.
This Literature Review focuses on the fact that modern day students consistently demonstrate that they are lacking in overall proficiency, especially in areas like mathematically-based vocabulary. But is it the student's fault? The study article in the 2006 Reading Psychology by Margaret-Mary Sulentic-Dowell, Gloria D. Beal and Robert M. Capraro called "How Do Literacy Experiences Affect the…...
As a result, the variables that can be extracted from this information, is that there needs to be a wide variety of solutions made available to educators. At the same time, there must be more support in helping them to reach out to these students. Once this occurs, it will provide the greatest amounts of learning comprehension. This helps to make the Action Research Project more effective by: understanding how this can improve the student's grasp of the materials and what are the underlying weaknesses in using this technology. (Zimmerman, 2009, pp. 3356 -- 3362)
This resource that was written by Freeman (2008) is significant, because it is highlighting how using technology to teach English language learners can improve the overall amounts of learning comprehension. The reason why, is because a host of different ideas are being presented in format that is using the various language skills of the student…...
mlaBibliography
Black, R. (2009). English Language Learners, Fan Communities and 21st Century Skills. Journal of Adolescent and Adult Literacy. 52 (8), 668 -- 697.
Freeman, B. (2008). Creating a Middle School Mathematics Curriculum. Remedial and Special Education. 29 (1), 9 -- 19.
Lopez, O. (2010). The Digital Learning Classroom. Computers and Education. 54 (4), 901 -- 915.
Moore, S. (2009). Uses of Technology in the Instruction of Adult English Language Learners. Centers for Applied Linguistics. 1 -- 4.
Learning Specialized Vocabulary
Educators that provide instruction in English as a Second Language (ESL) must provide students with the primary concepts of English in the early stages of language development. As students progress and become more familiar with the language and its idiosyncrasies, advanced training is likely to acclimate students to much of the daily slang as well as complex vocabulary that they hear from native English speakers in routine conversation. It is the responsibility of the ESL instructor to provide this teaching at the appropriate juncture, and the most advantageous route is specialized vocabulary. The following paper will provide a discussion of the concept of word elements in the English language. The paper will continue with an analysis of the methods by which ESL instructors teach technical or specialized vocabulary in their coursework, including various learning strategies for students. Finally, a brief discussion of the importance of specialized vocabulary in…...
mlaReferences
American Guidance Service, Inc. (1997). Building Vocabulary
Skills. Minnesota: American Guidance Service, Inc.
Cohen, A., & Steinberg, J. (1983). Effects of three types of vocabulary on readability of intermediate grade science textbooks: an application of Finn's transfer feature theory. Reading Research Quarterly, 19(1), 87-101.
Coxhead, A. (2000). A new academic word list. TESOL
Also different cultures and different regions have their own peculiar requirements. For example, a method that works well in United States of America may not work that well in a country like Malaysia. "With regard to lexical ambiguity, the rich inflectional morphology of Italian makes it relatively easy to distinguish between nouns, verbs, and other grammatical classes. In contrast, the sparse grammatical morphology of English means that nouns, verbs, and other word classes often sound alike and must be disambiguated by context (the comb vs. To comb), or by prosodic cues (to record vs. The record)" (Bates, Devescovi & Wulfeck, 2001).
So the differences are stark. In Chinese context application of morphology becomes more difficult. In countries like Malaysia where different languages are spoken the application of just the method of morphology can not simply work In some countries where English is taught as a second language morphology is used as…...
mlaReferences
Dixon, W. & Smith, H. (2000). Links between Early Temperament and Language Acquisition. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly. Vol: 46. Issue: 3.
Bates, E., Devescovi, A., & Wulfeck, B. (2001). PSYCHOLINGUISTICS: A Cross-Language Perspective. Annual Review of Psychology.
Basically, Charles had accidentally rolled backwards at the edge of a parking area outside a fraternity at another college. His open-topped Jeep slid a few feet backwards down a steep wooded hill in the black of night and came to rest on loose rocks and soil at a very steep upward angle. The hill was so steep that it would have been impossible to release the brake to engage the clutch without sliding backwards down a rocky mountainous hill. n fact, the hill was too steep for the emergency brake to hold the vehicle in place alone. t took a few second for Charles to get the attention of three friends in the backseat, but he managed to tell them they had to get out of the Jeep calmly and only from the sides and not the back. Then he told the girl in the passenger seat that he needed…...
mlaIllustrated Meaning -- Lacerated
One look at the results of Clint Malarchuk's lacerated jugular vein by a skate blade was enough to convince him that he no longer wanted to play that position at all. Luckily, Malarchuk was saved by excellent emergency care.
http://www.thehockeyblog.com/thehockeyblog/wp-content/files/Clint%20Malarchuk.jpg
The Context of the Classroom SettingAs a reflective and scholarly practitioner in the field of high school biology education, my primary aim is to build an environment that supports the growth of curiosity and that can also help to improve student learning outcomes. This action research project stems from the pedagogical philosophy of beginning with the end in mind, emphasizing the importance of evidence-based practices in enacting positive educational change. Herein, I present the contextual groundwork of my classroom setting, pinpointing a specific challenge and outlining the foundational data that propels this research.The central challenge addressed in this project is the noted difficulty students experience in grasping complex biological concepts, which has been observed to impact their engagement and academic performance adversely. This issue is particularly evident in the context of genetics and cellular biology, where abstract concepts and microscopic processes challenge student comprehension and retention.To establish a comprehensive understanding…...
mlaReferencesAlharthi, S. (2021). From instructed writing to free-writing: A study of EFL learners. SAGE Open, 11(1), 21582440211007112. D. P. (2012). The acquisition and retention of knowledge: A cognitive view. Springer Science & Business Media.Blaz, D. (2022). The world language teacher\\\\\\\\\\\\\\\'s guide to active learning: Strategies and activities for increasing student engagement. Taylor & Francis.Bredow, C. A., Roehling, P. V., Knorp, A. J., & Sweet, A. M. (2021). To flip or not to flip? A meta-analysis of the efficacy of flipped learning in higher education. Review of educational research, 91(6), 878-918.Dana, N. F. (2009). Leading with passion and knowledge: The principal as action researcher. Corwin Press.Eliwarti, E., & Purwanti, I. T. (2021). The effect of journal writing technique on students’ writing ability. International Journal of Educational Best Practices, 5(2), 183-196. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/d6e4/c1218bd42794356791b4c41b49f617e06496.pdf Freeman, S., Eddy, S. L., McDonough, M., Smith, M. K., Okoroafor, N., Jordt, H., & Wenderoth, M. P. (2014). Active learning increases student performance in science, engineering, and mathematics. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 111(23), 8410–8415.Martínez, J. F., Borko, H., & Stecher, B. M. (2012). Measuring instructional practice in science using classroom artifacts: Lessons learned from two validation studies. Journal of Research in Science Teaching, 49(1), 38-67.Marulis, L. M., & Neuman, S. B. (2013). How vocabulary interventions affect young children at risk: A meta-analytic review. Journal of Research on Educational Effectiveness, 6(3), 223-262.Mertler, C. A. (2020). Action research: Improving schools and empowering educators (6th ed.). Sage.Nückles, M., Roelle, J., Glogger-Frey, I., Waldeyer, J., & Renkl, A. (2020). The self-regulation-view in writing-to-learn: Using journal writing to optimize cognitive load in self-regulated learning. Educational Psychology Review, 32(4), 1089-1126. https://link.springer.com/content/pdf/10.1007/s10648-020-09541-1.pdf Saleem, A., Kausar, H., & Deeba, F. (2021). Social constructivism: A new paradigm in teaching and learning environment. Perennial journal of history, 2(2), 403-421.Soubra, L., Al-Ghouti, M. A., Abu-Dieyeh, M., Crovella, S., & Abou-Saleh, H. (2022). Impacts on student learning and skills and implementation challenges of two student-centered learning methods applied in online education. Sustainability, 14(15), 9625.Sweller, J. (2020). Cognitive load theory and educational technology. Educational Technology Research and Development, 68(1), 1-16.Tahmasbi, S., Karimnia, S., & Rahimi, A. (2022). A combination of action research and reflective journal writing in an English as a foreign language class: Learners’ psychological point of views and their grammar use in writing. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 810775. https://www.frontiersin.org/journals/psychology/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.810775/fullhttps://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/21582440211007112Ausubel,
The groups were distinguished by those who participated in language acquisition activities employing enhanced reading with word-based activities and those who participated in what the researcher called 'narrow reading,' which occurred without this supplementary instruction. The two groups were asked to retain the same scope of fifty selected vocabulary words. Min would find that those in the former group, denoted as the "RV" group, performed significantly better than those in the "NR" group. In interpretation, Min tells that "the results show that the RV group demonstrated significantly more knowledge about the target vocabulary than the NR group on the acquisition and retention tests. The researcher concludes that reading plus focused vocabulary exercises are more effective and efficient than the narrow reading approach in enhancing target vocabulary acquisition and retention among EFL secondary students." (Min, p. 75)
Min would go on to suggest that the value in this study rests in…...
mlaWorks Cited:
Laufer, B. & Rozovski-Roitblat, B. (2011). Incidental vocabulary acquisition: The effects of task type,-word occurrence and their combination. Language Teaching Research, 15(4), 391-411
Min, H.T. (2008). EFL Vocabulary Acquisition and Retention: Reading Plus Vocabulary Enhancement Activities and Narrow Reading. Language Learning, 58(1), 73-115.
vocabulary we have does more than communicate our knowledge. It shapes what we can know. Evaluate this claim with reference to different areas of knowledge.
esponse Question: Does vocabulary limit what we can know or limit what we can express?
The sentiment, "the vocabulary we have does more than communicate our knowledge. It shapes what we can know" expresses only a partial truth. The vocabulary we have only shapes what we can express or communicate to others, but real wisdom and discovery, as encountered in various areas of knowledge, can transcend vocabulary. This is most immediate in the area of knowledge encompasses by the arts. Literature, music, art and poetry can often express the inexpressible, aptly conveying it to the spectator and imparting wisdom to that spectator. The spectator may be fully aware of this, and fully cognizant that he has been touched, but unable to express through words just exactly…...
mlaReferences
Eliot, T. (1971). The Waste Land: A Facsimile and Transcript of the Original Drafts. New York: Harcourt Books.
Levine, L., & Munsch, J. (2010). Child Development: An Active Learning Approach. Thousand Oaks: Sage Publishers.
Pinker, S. (2008, January 13). The Moral Instinct. Retrieved from cuny.edu: http://www.qcc.cuny.edu/SocialSciences/ppecorino/INTRO_TEXT/Chapter%208%20Ethics/Reading-The%20Moral-Instinct.htm
vocabulary acquisition for a child, especially one that is not a native English speaker, who is trying to learn to read. The author mentions four "areas of instruction that teachers…demonstrated: comprehension, vocabulary, text structures and text features" (Kesler, 2010). The author relates that his test group for different reading approaches was from an urban elementary school at which 21% of the student population was ESL students. Four shared reading approaches -- possible sentences, using context clues, repeated readings, and using our bodies -- were compared as to effectiveness with this population. The remainder of the article was used to describe and evaluate the four different approaches.
The goal of using possible sentences is to help students understand how sentences can be built from an individual word or group of words. The author used a shared reading context to help the students think of ways that the words could be used.…...
mlaReferences
Graves, M.F., Juel, C., Graves, B.B., & Dewitz, P. (2011). Word recognition, in Teaching reading in the 21st century: Motivating all readers. New York: Pearson.
Kesler, T. (2010). Shared reading to build vocabulary and comprehension. The Reading Teacher, 64(4), 272-277.
Ontario. (2003). A guide to effective instruction in reading: Kindergarten to grade 3. Ontario Early Reading Strategy. Ontario: Ministry of Education.
Pinnell, G.S., & Fountas, I.C. (2007). Shared and performance reading, in The continuum of literacy learning, grades K-8: Behaviors and understandings to notice, teach, and support. Portsmouth, NH: Heinemann.
SIOP® Lesson Plan Template
STANDARDS:
THM: Properties of Weather
Winter
Language:
nglish
Science for 2nd Grade
LARNING STRATGIS:
KY VOCABULARY: Snow, frost, ice, fog
MATRIALS: The book from which the story will be read is Weather by Seymour Simon. The teacher will need to use a Post chart, "Weather chart ." This will help explain how to make inferences about text and unfamiliar words by applying their schema and other words in the sentences.
MOTIVATION:
(Building background)
Students at this stage may find Weather and climate confusing. Climate is examined by looking at annual patterns. Weather refers to the situation at one given time and the seasons influence the general climate.
PRSNTATION:
(Language and content objectives, comprehensible input, strategies, interaction, feedback)
Second grade students are expected to apply strategies to comprehend text by making inferences about words describing weather condition when reading.
PRACTIC AND APPLICATION:
(Meaningful activities, interaction, strategies, practice and application, feedback)
After evenly distributing several copies of a book, the students are then paired. ach group…...
mlaEXTENSION:
(Reproduction of this material is restricted to use with Echevarria, Vogt, and Short, 2008. Making Content Comprehensible for English Learners: The SIOP® Model.)
© 2008 Pearson Education, Inc.
1. Analyzing the use of figurative language in WIDA language assessments
2. Exploring the role of syntax and sentence structure in WIDA writing prompts
3. Investigating the inclusion of literary devices in WIDA reading passages
4. Discussing the importance of vocabulary acquisition in WIDA language development
5. Examining the integration of cultural elements in WIDA language arts tasks
6. Evaluating the effectiveness of incorporating multimedia resources in WIDA language assessments
7. Comparing the language skills developed through WIDA assessments with traditional language arts instruction
8. Exploring the connection between WIDA language proficiency levels and academic achievement in language arts
9. Investigating the impact of language arts instruction on....
Writing an essay involves several key steps that can help structure your thoughts and arguments in a coherent and logical manner. Here is a general guideline on how to write an essay:
1. Choose a topic: Select a topic that interests you and is relevant to the assignment or prompt given by your instructor.
2. Research: Conduct in-depth research on your chosen topic to gather evidence and information to support your arguments.
3. Thesis statement: Develop a clear and concise thesis statement that outlines the main argument or purpose of your essay.
4. Outline: Create an outline that includes an introduction, body paragraphs with....
The process of lexical borrowing promotes language evolution and cultural enrichment by facilitating communication and fostering cross-cultural exchange. To improve upon this thesis statement, one could consider focusing on a specific aspect of lexical borrowing or a particular language or culture. For example, one could examine the impact of lexical borrowing on a specific language, such as English, or on a specific culture, such as the influence of French on English vocabulary. Additionally, incorporating a clear argument or perspective on the topic can help to strengthen the thesis statement. For instance, one could argue that lexical borrowing should be embraced as....
## Lexical Borrowing: A Catalyst for Linguistic and Cultural Exchange
Thesis Statement: Lexical borrowing, the adoption of words from one language into another, serves as a dynamic and transformative force that enriches the lexicon, reflects socio-cultural interactions, and fosters cross-cultural understanding.
Expanded Thesis Statement:
Lexical borrowing is a ubiquitous phenomenon in the world's languages, driven by historical, social, and cultural factors. It plays a crucial role in shaping linguistic landscapes, facilitating communication, and fostering cultural exchange. This thesis will explore the multifaceted nature of lexical borrowing, examining its impact on language and culture, the mechanisms through which it occurs, and the implications it....
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