Books and television shows, such as the Corner, provide illustrations that can give a level of insight as to why this is the case. It is not drugs alone, but also the drug culture and the level of poverty that stands at the heart of the problem. You cannot simply remove drugs from the equation. Even if you confiscate drugs then the street price rises and more drugs are imported. Even beyond that, you must treat the sociological problems that led people to drugs along with the physical dependency on drugs themselves to have any meaningful impact on the problem.
The ineffective ar on Drugs has also caused a host of social changes. For every person that is incarcerated, there is usually some broken family that has to deal with their absence. hen an individual is in jail there is really nothing they can do to support their families or…...
mlaWorks Cited
Head, T. "Key Facts About the War on Drugs." N.d. Civil Liberties. Online. 8 April 2013. .
IMDb. Sean Nelson. N.d. Online. 9 April 2013. .
-- . The Corner. N.d. Online. 9 April 2013. .
Mosle, S. "Mean Streets." 23 November 1997. The New York Times Books. Online. 8 April 2013. .
ar on Drugs
Following the Colombia's history, there has been a sequence of violence and conflicts perpetuated by class warfare ever since the Spanish era during land allocation and slavery in the country. The focus of this article will be to satisfactorily analyze the situation facing the Columbia, considering the efforts United States has been undergoing to militarize and centralize conflicts related to class. The States has been working ever since the era of J.F. Kennedy to try and take charge of the Columbian citizens and eradicate the drug related transactions. The United Sates, through their intelligence unit CIA, have been involved in many missions trying to get to the drug cartels in Columbia and have in circumstances succeeded. One of the New York Times magazines in 1997 had the story confirming that the CIA approved shipment of a ton of cocaine which was pure, to the Miami International Airport with…...
mlaWorks Cited
Bergquist, Charles and Sanchez Gonzalo. Violence in Columbia, 1990-2000: Waging War and Negotiating Peace. New York: Rowman and Littlefield Publishers. 2001. Print.
Chepesiuk, R. The War on Drugs: An International Encyclopedia. New York: ABC -- CLIO Publishers.1991.Print.
Lazare, Daniel. "A Battle Against Reasons, Democracy and Drugs: The Drug War Deciphered." Report on the Drug War 35.1 (2001).
Sharpe, Kenneth, E., and Spencer, William. "Refueling a Doomed War on Drugs: Flawed Policy Feeds Growing Conflict." NACCA Report on the Americans 35.3 (2001). Print.
Although the cost of these successes can be tabulated in billions of dollars, money was also recovered from these arrests, and there is no way to measure the human lives that were not lost or affected due to the apprehension of dangerous drug lords.
Still, the EU Commission has raised the familiar argument that economics can generally used to support the side against continuing the drug war. In addition to the familiar argument of the war costing "too much," which is often hard to prove outside of strictly economic circles since safety, human life, and addiction are just a few of the variables that must be quantified in order to stage and effective debate, the EU notes that the war on drugs has damaged the economics of drug trafficking, making drugs less expensive, and therefore easier to obtain. In addition, the War on Drugs, or at least drug prohibition, increases…...
mlaReferences
Frontline. (2008). Thirty Years of America's Drug War. Retrieved August 8, 2009, from PBS: http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/drugs/cron/
Leduc, D. & Lee, J. (2003). Illegal Drugs and Drug Trafficking. Retrieved August 8,
2009, from the Library of Parliament: http://www.parl.gc.ca/information/library/PRBpubs/bp435-e.htm
Lusane, C. & Desmond, D. (1991). Pipe Dream Blues. Cambridge: South End.
This is the case in the other stages in the supply chain and therefore offers an opportunity for someone to make more money while involved in the drug business (Castaneda, 1999).
In the 70s it was said that beefed up law enforcement could effectively seal the southern border of the United States border and stop drugs from entering its borders. It is for this reason that the United States uses patrols, checkpoints, sniffer dogs, cameras, motion detectors, heat sensors, drone aircraft and up to approximately 1,000 miles of steel beam, concrete walls and heavy mesh which stretches from California to Texas. This has been an expensive precautionary measure which has unsuccessfully attempted to stop the drugs getting within the borders of the United States. Approximately 330 tons of cocaine, 20 tons of heroin and 110 tons of methamphetamine are sold within the borders of the United States each year. According…...
mlaWorks Cited
Associated Press. "The U.S. costly 'War on Drugs' unsuccessful" People's Daily Online. 14
May. 2010. 14 July. 2010. < http://www.peopleforum.cn/viewthread.php?tid=18513>
Castaneda, Jorge G. "How We Fight a Losing War: The Time is Right for Latin and North
Americans to rethink a failed drug policy." Newsweek International. 6 Sept.
Wakefield's daughter becomes a powerful character in the film because she proves to her father that the war on drugs fails to address the root cause of addiction.
Traffic therefore addresses several separate but interrelated issues: addiction, organized crime, law enforcement and legislation. Addiction is a fact of life; human beings become hooked on any number of legal and illegal substances. Banning drugs is no way to combat addiction. Therefore, the war on drugs does absolutely nothing to help people who use drugs to fulfill psychological needs. People who want drugs to ease their pain can always find them: on the black market or on the mainstream consumer market in the form of alcohol or prescription medications.
Organized crime is a genuine social problem that law enforcement officials worldwide must learn to deal with. Ironically, though, the war on drugs bolsters organized crime rings. The value of drug trafficking skyrockets when…...
The community also loses vital members who otherwise would be contributing to it (Moore, and Elkavich 782). Just by eliminating nonviolent offenders from the prison population could total prison costs of 16.9 billion dollars as of 2010 (Schmitt, Warner, and Gupta 13).
This has also had tragic impacts upon the health of injection drug users. This includes the disruption of the provision of health care to injection drug users (IDU) and increasing risk behaviors associated with infectious disease transmission and overdose (Kerr, Small, and Wood 210). Certainly, it makes sense to treat drug addicts out of jail where it will be more effective. Substance abuse education and awareness has become the most prevalent form of service provided in jails, being offered in 74% of prisons, 61% of jails, and 53% of community correctional agencies. The previous figure is as opposed to remedial education (89%) and jails (59.5%), sex offender therapy…...
mlaReferences
Caulkins, J.P., and Chandler, Sara. "Long-run trends in incarceration of drug offenders in the United States." Crime & Delinquency. 52.4 (2006): 619-641. Print.
Kerr, T., W. Small, and E. Wood. "The public health and social impacts of drug market enforcement: A
review of the evidence." International Journal of Drug Policy. 16. (2005): 210 -- 220. Print.
Kuziemko, I., & Levitt, S.D. (2004). An empirical analysis of imprisoning drug offenders. Journal of Public Economics, 88, 2043 -- 2066.
War on Drugs Futile Failing and Nefariously Linked to the War on Terror
Effectiveness of the War on Drugs
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drugs, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium wars
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drugs”
3. History of drug use in different societies
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy.
C. Effects of the war on drugs
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals
2. Criminalization distracting attention from more central concerns linked to capitalism, psychological wellbeing, and healthcare.
3. National sovereignty issues and global perspective
II. Theoretical Discussion
A. Race, class, power perspectives
B. Government, public policy, global affairs
C. Criminalization, justice
D. Other sociological issues
1. Organized crime and terrorism
2. White collar crime (tobacco and pharmaceutical industries)
III. Literature Review
A. Balancing public health/safety with personal liberty/self-empowerment
B. Alternate strategies, pilot projects
1. Cannabis law reform
2. Psychedelics
IV. Discussion
V. Conclusions
A. The war on drugs…...
Two out of five blacks sent to state prison are due to drug offenses, in fact, more blacks are sent to state prison for drug offenses, 38%, than for crimes of violence, 27% (Incarcerated pp). The budgetary demands of swollen prison populations are forcing states to reconsider their sentencing policies and examine the cost-effectiveness, fairness, and wisdom of adopting shorter sentences, eliminating mandatory minimums and increasing the use of alternatives to incarceration (Incarceration pp).
According to a March 2004 article in the Journal of the American Medical Association titled "Actual Causes of Death in the United States," tobacco is number one with 435, 000 deaths per years, followed by poor diet and physical inactivity at 365,000, then alcohol at 85,000 deaths (Annual pp). Adverse reactions to prescription drugs accounts for 32,000 deaths, while motor vehicle crashes cause 26,347 deaths (Annual pp). All illicit drug use, direct and indirect is responsible…...
mlaWorks Cited
Communities Organizing Against the Drug War: Local Governments, Community
Groups Work to Oppose U.S. Drug War, Promote Alternative Policies. Accessed from Common Sense on May 05, 2005. http://www.csdp.org/news/news/communities.htm
Castro, Hector. Drug War Strategy Assailed at Forum. Seattle Post-Intelligencer.
March 10, 2005. Accessed from Seattle-pi.com web site on May 05, 2005. http://seattlepi.nwsource.com/local/215290_drugs10.html?searchpagefrom=1&searchdiff=58
The first sub-question is based on the determination of factors or variables that will help provide a quantitative measure to identify specific elements of legal restrictions and punishments. This will involve a review of all extant legal punishments on substance abuse, including a meta-analysis of relevant literature on these laws/regulations. From the meta-analysis and legal review, the variables and factors deemed appropriate for the study will be determined. Thus, the first sub-research question is, "What are the variables or factors that will help determine the success of legal punishments in curbing substance abuse?" Alternatively, the specific objective could be developed as, "To identify the variables or factors that will determine the success of legal punishments in curbing substance abuse."
Consequently, these variables or factors will help determine a measurement system that is numerical / quantitative in nature, and will ultimately determine if the legal restriction/punishment has been a success or…...
mlaReferences
Babbie, E. (2007). The practice of social research. CA: Wadsworth.
White, P. (2009). Developing research questions: a guide for social scientists. NY: Palgrave McMillan.
The war on drugs led to the creation of stringent measures and policies that create more difficult problems in the country, which include the worsening of the prison system, rising illegal drug prices, and proliferation of drug trafficking. Considering drug addiction as a criminal act led to the increase of criminals in prisons, creating an inefficient and defective prison system. Furthermore, because drugs have been considered illegal and distribution have been hampered, its prices have increased in response to these policies. Inevitably, drug trafficking also resulted from these stringent measures. These reasons, in effect, led to Friedman's belief that war on drugs is unethical.
Schmoke (1996) presented a contrasting picture of war on drugs and drug addiction in society. For him the war on drugs is ethical and drug addiction as unethical. This stance was built on his belief that drug addiction, in order to be considered as an ethical…...
mlaWorks Cited
Friedman, M. (1998). "It's time to end the war on drugs." Hoover Digest, No.2. Available at http://www.hooverdigest.org/982/friedman.html .
Schmoke, K. (1996). "The war on drugs is lost." National Review. Available at http://www.nationalreview.com/12feb96/drug.html .
.." (Painter, 2006) Painter states: "y more meaningful measures, however, the Drug War has been an extraordinary failure. Drugs are more available at higher purity and lower prices than they were at the start of the decade. y all accounts thus far we have been unable to spend and jail our way out of this problem." (2006) the result of the War on Drugs is that the government programs have in reality created "...a different set of principles for supply and demand." (Painter, 2006) Resulting from privatization of the prison system is that the 'supply' to fill the demand are human beings which answer the call for occupancy in prison cells and the demand can be seen as the powerful growling belly of the prison beast demanding to be filled so the coffers of those who run these prisons will be filled. Painter states: "Instead of the lower the price…...
mlaBibliography
Price, Byron Eugene (2006) Merchandizing Prisoners: Who Really Pays for Prison Privatization. Greenwood Publishing Group.
Benson, Bruce L. And Rasmussen, David W. (1996) Illicit Drugs and Crime. The Independent Institute. 1 Jan 1996. Online available at http://www.independent.org/publications/policy_reports/detail.asp?type=summary&id=2
Painter, Murphy J. (2003) the War on Drugs and the Economics of Incarceration 1970-2001 Online available at http://www.aspaonline.org/ethicscommunity/documents/War%20on%20Drugs%20and%20Economics.pdf
States in this conference include: Texas, Louisiana, Arkansas, Oklahoma, Missouri, Mississippi, Alabama, Georgia, Florida, North Carolina, South Carolina, Tennessee, Virginia, West Virginia, Kentucky, and Maryland.
War on Drugs
Would You Apply This Strategy Across the Board or Employ Different Stances Depending On the Substance?
The same approach will be applied to every drug for them to become decriminalized.
Defend your Position
Drug legalization is a very complex issue. Most Americans are not in favor of it, but there is still a powerful and very audacious lobby in the United States that is of the opinion that the proper course to take is legalization (Hartnett, 2005). Proponents of this drug legalization are of the opinion that current drug policies have proved harmful to individuals, families, and the society at large. They oppose current drug laws and policies for different reasons.
To some people, these laws are impingement of individual liberties. Some see these laws as a huge waste of government resources and cite the opinion that legalizing drugs could yield millions in revenues from taxes, while putting drug dealers out of…...
mlaReferences
Green, E. (2015, September 24). How an ex-prosecutor became one of Oregon's fiercest drug-legalization advocates. Retrieved from http://news.streetroots.org/2015/09/24/how-ex-prosecutor-became-one-oregons-fiercest-drug-legalization-advocates
Hartnett, E. (2005). Drug Legalization: Why It Wouldn't Work in the United States. The Police Chief, 75(3).
LEAP. (2016, January 25). Retrieved from Law Enforcement Against Prohibition: http://www.leap.cc/
Mineta, D. (2010). Decriminalization would increase the use and the economic and social costs of drugs. Americas Quarterly.
OD
The war on drugs is politically charged, and intimately connected with the failure of American imperialism to fizzle out and fade away. As Lazare points out, "the anti-drug crusade has emerged as a holy crusade in its own right," (14). The ar on Drugs has become woven into the fabric of American identity along with catchall phrases like liberty, freedom, and justice for all. Common sense has been incinerated faster than a DEA bust disposes of bushels of cocaine. It would all be funny if it weren't costing so many lives, in multiple countries. This research places the ar on Drugs within a social, cultural, historical, and economic context; and based on an a review of literature, makes recommendations for change.
Methods include a review of literature and subsequent analysis and synthesis of concepts, facts, and ideas. Three central and several ancillary sources were used to conduct the literature review. These…...
mlaWorks Cited
Lazare, Daniel. "A Battle Against Reason, Democracy and Drugs." NACLA Report on the Americas. Vol. 35, No. 1, July/Aug 2001.
Sharpe, Kenneth E. And Spencer, William. "Refueling a Doomed War on Drugs." NACLA Report on the Americas. Vol. 35, No. 3. Nov/Dec 2001.
Villar, Oliver and Cottle, Drew. Cocaine, Death Squads, and the War on Terror. New York: Monthly Review, 2011.
America's enforcement of its corrective drug strategy has resulted in a scheme of apartheid justice. Approximately half the yearly marijuana arrests are of Latinos. This result is no accident; imbalanced handling of minority groups permeates every phase of the criminal justice system. Black and Latino-Americans are wronged by unequal marking and unjust conduct by police and other law enforcement officers; by racially slanted charging and plea-bargaining choices by prosecutors; by prejudiced sentencing performance; and by the failure of judges, elected bureaucrats, and other criminal justice policymakers to restore the unfairness that have come to pervade the structure (Small, 2001).
It appears from reading this article that there is indeed some bias that takes place in the war on drugs. One cannot dispute the fact that the war on drugs is a necessary operation that must be undertaken. The drug crime rate in this country is high and something needs to be…...
mlaReferences
Mitchell, Ojmarrh. (2009). Is the War on Drugs Racially Biased? Journal of Crime & Justice.
32(2), p. 49-71.
Race, the War on Drugs and the United States Criminal Justice System. (2011). Retrieved
March 2, 2011, from Web site:
Outline
I. Introduction
A. History of drugs, cross-cultural perspective
1. Opium wars (ACLU, 2020)
2. Since Nixon, the modern “war on drugs” (Pearl, 2018)
3. History of drug use in different societies (ACLU, 2020)
B. History of government intervention in the private lives of individuals via drug policy (ACLU, 2020); Baumbauer, 2012).
C. Effects of the war on drugs
1. Is it effective? Quantify the deaths related to the WOD, as well as the social entropy in communities, families, and within individuals (London, 2005; Pearl, 2018)
2. Criminalization distracting attention from more central concerns linked to capitalism, psychological wellbeing, and healthcare (ACLU, 2020; Coyne & Hall, 2017; London, 2005).
3. National sovereignty issues and global perspective (Coomber, Moyle, Belackova, et al., 2018; Von Hoffman, 2016).
II. Theoretical Discussion
A. Race, class, power perspectives (Netherland & Hansen, 2017; Putt, Payne & Milner 2005; Taylor, Buchanan & Aynes, 2016).
B. Government, public policy, global affairs (Coyne & Hall, 2017; Godlee & Hurley, 2016)
C. Criminalization, justice…...
Understanding public health is often difficult because, when public health efforts are effective, there are fewer adverse events like illnesses or injuries to report. In contrast, when public health efforts are not working, there is “news” about public health. We hear about the obesity epidemic, the diabetes epidemic, lower life expectancies in certain communities, cancer clusters, or other topics that suggest a breakdown in public health. Therefore, we tend to talk less about successful public health efforts than unsuccessful ones, which can lead people to believe that public health efforts are not....
Title: The Evolution of Correctional Institutions: A Historical Perspective
Introduction:
Provide a brief overview of the history of corrections, highlighting significant eras and developments.
Discuss the changing philosophies and practices of punishment and rehabilitation.
Introduce the concept of the historical perspective and its relevance to understanding contemporary corrections.
Body:
1. The Early Days: Retribution and Punishment:
Explore the historical roots of retribution and punishment as dominant themes in corrections.
Examine the use of corporal punishment, solitary confinement, and other harsh methods.
Discuss the impact of these practices on inmates and the overall effectiveness of corrections.
2. The Rise of Rehabilitation and Reform:
Trace the....
Probation Outlook Essay Topics
1. The Impact of Probation on Offender Rehabilitation
Explore the evidence on the effectiveness of probation in reducing recidivism and improving offender outcomes.
Discuss the factors that contribute to successful probation outcomes, such as case management, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and community involvement.
Analyze the challenges faced by probationers and the role of the probation officer in addressing these challenges.
2. Probation as an Alternative to Incarceration
Examine the arguments for and against using probation as an alternative to incarceration for nonviolent offenders.
Discuss the potential benefits of probation, including cost savings, reduced recidivism, and the preservation of family and....
1. The Effects of Modern Warfare on Civilian Populations
2. The Role of Technology in Shaping Contemporary Wars
3. The Changing Nature of Conflict in the 21st Century
4. The Role of Media in Shaping Public Opinion during Modern Wars
5. The Humanitarian Impact of War in Contemporary History
6. The Evolution of Guerrilla Warfare: Case Studies from the 21st Century
7. The Role of International Intervention in Modern Wars
8. The Impact of Cyber Warfare in Modern Conflict
9. The Changing Face of Terrorism in the Modern World
10. War Crimes and Accountability in Contemporary Conflicts
11. The Influence of Political Rhetoric on the Naming of Wars in Modern....
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